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Article(id=1320442715389678560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1148251, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=1754323200000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-05, acceptedDate=1756224000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-27, onlineDate=1792747675987, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747675987, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747675987, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747675987, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320442616123081022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747652321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748136930, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=60, endPage=65, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320442715582616545, articleId=1320442715389678560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=First-dose and full-course HPV vaccination coverage among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015: an analysis based on the Beijing Immunization Information System, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV) among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, thus providing evidence for formulating HPV vaccination strategies for girls.

Methods

Data related to HPV vaccination for 691 632 girls born between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 and registered in the Beijing Immunization Information System were collected. The current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for HPV were analyzed.

Results

Among the 691 632 girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, 27 011 girls received the first dose of HPV vaccine, with the first-dose vaccination rate of 3.91%; 12 534 girls received the full course of HPV vaccines, with the full-course vaccination rate of 1.81%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis results showed that girls born in Beijing between 2010 and 2011, as well as those in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program, had higher first-dose vaccination rates for HPV. In contrast, girls born in Beijing between 2012 and 2015, those with non-local or unknown household registration, and those living in suburban and outer suburban areas had lower first-dose vaccination rates. Among the girls born in Beijing, those residing in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program had a high full-course vaccination rate, while those born between 2011 and 2015, those with unknown household registration, and those living in outer suburban areas had lower full-course vaccination rates.

Conclusions

The girls born in Beijing between 2009 and 2015 had lower first-dose and full-course vaccination rates for HPV, especially those born between 2012 and 2015, living in outer suburban areas, and in areas not covered by the HPV vaccination program.

, authors=Qianli YUAN, Dan ZHAO, Huai WANG, Pei GAO, Luodan SUO, authorsList=Qianli YUAN, Dan ZHAO, Huai WANG, Pei GAO, Luodan SUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Luodan SUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SUO Luodan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320442716262093798, articleId=1320442715389678560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂及全程接种情况：基于儿童预防接种信息系统数据分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解北京市2009—2015年出生女童人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗首剂和全程接种情况及其影响因素，为制定青少年女性HPV疫苗免疫策略提供科学依据。

方法

收集北京市儿童预防接种信息管理系统中出生日期为2009年1月1日—2015年12月31日在册管理的691 632名女童HPV疫苗接种的相关数据，分析其HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种现状及其影响因素。

结果

北京市691 632名2009—2015年出生女童接种HPV疫苗首剂接种者27 011人，HPV疫苗首剂接种率为3.91%；HPV疫苗全程接种者12 534人，HPV疫苗全程接种率为1.81%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，北京市2010—2011年出生和HPV疫苗项目覆盖地区女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率较高，2012—2015年出生、户籍为外地和不详、居住在近郊和远郊地区女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率较低；HPV疫苗项目覆盖地区女童HPV疫苗全程接种率较高，2011—2015年出生、户籍不详和居住在远郊地区北京市女童HPV疫苗全程接种率较低。

结论

北京市2009—2015年出生女孩HPV疫苗的首剂和全程接种率均较低，尤其是2012—2015年出生、居住在远郊和HPV疫苗项目未覆盖地区的女童。

, authors=袁千里, 赵丹, 王怀, 高培, 索罗丹*, *, authorsList=袁千里, 赵丹, 王怀, 高培, 索罗丹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=索罗丹, authorNote=

袁千里（1990—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：疫苗可预防传染病防控和免疫规划

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索罗丹，E-mail：
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袁千里（1990—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：疫苗可预防传染病防控和免疫规划

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School-based HPV vaccination positively impacts parents′ attitudes toward adolescent vaccination[J]. Vaccine, 2021, 39(30): 4190-4198., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320442724898164792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rane M S, Page L C, McVeigh E, et al. Improving adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization uptake in school-based health centers through awareness campaigns[J]. 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Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2023, 19(2): 2251815., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320442716463420391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442716471809000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, companyId=1320442716463420391, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442716480197609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, companyId=1320442716463420391, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所，北京 100013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320442720078909454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of the first-dose and full-course vaccination status for HPV among girls born in Beijing with different characteristics from 2009 to 2015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分组女童人数首剂接种人数首剂接种率∕%全程接种人数全程接种率∕%
出生年份/年200985 4465 3196.223 8784.54
201078 8817 0128.893 5274.47
201194 5548 8839.392 2762.41
2012113 6433 2342.851 7411.53
2013101 3461 4321.417250.72
2014133 3129660.723770.28
201584 4501650.20 a100.01 b
户籍本市461 06721 2244.609 7812.12
外地210 7634 3642.072 0380.97
不详19 8021 4237.19 a7153.61 b
地区城区393 65212 1183.086 8941.75
近郊250 36313 2195.285 2382.09
远郊47 6171 6743.52 a4020.84 b
项目地区否478 56213 2032.824 5820.98
是213 07013 8086.17 a7 9523.55 b
), ArticleFig(id=1320442720179572751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

北京市不同特征2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分组女童人数首剂接种人数首剂接种率∕%全程接种人数全程接种率∕%
出生年份/年200985 4465 3196.223 8784.54
201078 8817 0128.893 5274.47
201194 5548 8839.392 2762.41
2012113 6433 2342.851 7411.53
2013101 3461 4321.417250.72
2014133 3129660.723770.28
201584 4501650.20 a100.01 b
户籍本市461 06721 2244.609 7812.12
外地210 7634 3642.072 0380.97
不详19 8021 4237.19 a7153.61 b
地区城区393 65212 1183.086 8941.75
近郊250 36313 2195.285 2382.09
远郊47 6171 6743.52 a4020.84 b
项目地区否478 56213 2032.824 5820.98
是213 07013 8086.17 a7 9523.55 b
), ArticleFig(id=1320442720276041744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of the first-dose HPV vaccination among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
出生年份/年201020090.430.02499.14<0.0011.5331.477～1.592
20110.460.02633.73<0.0011.5831.528～1.641
2012−0.820.021 276.60<0.0010.4400.421～0.460
2013−1.540.032 572.96<0.0010.2150.202～0.228
2014−2.230.043 952.14<0.0010.1080.101～0.116
2015−3.530.081 980.19<0.0010.0290.025～0.034
户籍外地本市−0.080.036.97<0.0010.9260.874～0.980
不详−1.030.023 561.01<0.0010.3550.344～0.368
地区近郊城区−0.230.0371.58<0.0010.7920.751～0.836
远郊−0.680.03403.62<0.0010.5070.475～0.542
项目地区是否−1.120.031 733.39<0.0013.0732.915～3.240
), ArticleFig(id=1320442720376705041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂接种影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
出生年份/年201020090.430.02499.14<0.0011.5331.477～1.592
20110.460.02633.73<0.0011.5831.528～1.641
2012−0.820.021 276.60<0.0010.4400.421～0.460
2013−1.540.032 572.96<0.0010.2150.202～0.228
2014−2.230.043 952.14<0.0010.1080.101～0.116
2015−3.530.081 980.19<0.0010.0290.025～0.034
户籍外地本市−0.080.036.97<0.0010.9260.874～0.980
不详−1.030.023 561.01<0.0010.3550.344～0.368
地区近郊城区−0.230.0371.58<0.0010.7920.751～0.836
远郊−0.680.03403.62<0.0010.5070.475～0.542
项目地区是否−1.120.031 733.39<0.0013.0732.915～3.240
), ArticleFig(id=1320442720481562642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of full-course HPV vaccination among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
出生年份/年201020090.000.020.010.9401.0020.956～1.050
2011−0.670.03610.04<0.0010.5140.488～0.542
2012−1.120.031 464.97<0.0010.3250.307～0.345
2013−1.890.042 131.41<0.0010.1520.140～0.164
2014−2.830.052 723.35<0.0010.0590.053～0.066
2015−6.000.32358.73<0.0010.0020.001～0.005
户籍外地本市−0.040.041.170.2800.9580.885～1.036
不详−0.920.031 372.60<0.0010.3980.397～0.418
地区近郊城区−0.010.040.040.8500.9930.928～1.063
远郊−1.070.06366.02<0.0010.3420.306～0.382
项目地区是否0.370.04112.12<0.0011.4511.355～1.555
), ArticleFig(id=1320442720565448723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442715389678560, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗全程接种影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
出生年份/年201020090.000.020.010.9401.0020.956～1.050
2011−0.670.03610.04<0.0010.5140.488～0.542
2012−1.120.031 464.97<0.0010.3250.307～0.345
2013−1.890.042 131.41<0.0010.1520.140～0.164
2014−2.830.052 723.35<0.0010.0590.053～0.066
2015−6.000.32358.73<0.0010.0020.001～0.005
户籍外地本市−0.040.041.170.2800.9580.885～1.036
不详−0.920.031 372.60<0.0010.3980.397～0.418
地区近郊城区−0.010.040.040.8500.9930.928～1.063
远郊−1.070.06366.02<0.0010.3420.306～0.382
项目地区是否0.370.04112.12<0.0011.4511.355～1.555
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北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂及全程接种情况：基于儿童预防接种信息系统数据分析
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袁千里 , 赵丹 , 王怀 , 高培 , 索罗丹 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(1): 60-65
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (1) : 60 -65
北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂及全程接种情况：基于儿童预防接种信息系统数据分析
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袁千里, 赵丹, 王怀, 高培, 索罗丹*, *
作者信息
  • 北京市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所，北京 100013
通讯作者:
索罗丹，E-mail：
作者简介:

袁千里（1990—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：疫苗可预防传染病防控和免疫规划

First-dose and full-course HPV vaccination coverage among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015: an analysis based on the Beijing Immunization Information System
Qianli YUAN, Dan ZHAO, Huai WANG, Pei GAO, Luodan SUO
Affiliations
  • Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    SUO Luodan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148251
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摘要
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目的

了解北京市2009—2015年出生女童人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗首剂和全程接种情况及其影响因素，为制定青少年女性HPV疫苗免疫策略提供科学依据。

方法

收集北京市儿童预防接种信息管理系统中出生日期为2009年1月1日—2015年12月31日在册管理的691 632名女童HPV疫苗接种的相关数据，分析其HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种现状及其影响因素。

结果

北京市691 632名2009—2015年出生女童接种HPV疫苗首剂接种者27 011人，HPV疫苗首剂接种率为3.91%；HPV疫苗全程接种者12 534人，HPV疫苗全程接种率为1.81%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，北京市2010—2011年出生和HPV疫苗项目覆盖地区女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率较高，2012—2015年出生、户籍为外地和不详、居住在近郊和远郊地区女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率较低；HPV疫苗项目覆盖地区女童HPV疫苗全程接种率较高，2011—2015年出生、户籍不详和居住在远郊地区北京市女童HPV疫苗全程接种率较低。

结论

北京市2009—2015年出生女孩HPV疫苗的首剂和全程接种率均较低，尤其是2012—2015年出生、居住在远郊和HPV疫苗项目未覆盖地区的女童。

人乳头瘤病毒疫苗  /  首剂和全程接种  /  影响因素  /  女童  /  疫苗全程接种率  /  北京市
Objective

To understand the current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV) among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, thus providing evidence for formulating HPV vaccination strategies for girls.

Methods

Data related to HPV vaccination for 691 632 girls born between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2015 and registered in the Beijing Immunization Information System were collected. The current status and influencing factors of the first-dose and full-course vaccination for HPV were analyzed.

Results

Among the 691 632 girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015, 27 011 girls received the first dose of HPV vaccine, with the first-dose vaccination rate of 3.91%; 12 534 girls received the full course of HPV vaccines, with the full-course vaccination rate of 1.81%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis results showed that girls born in Beijing between 2010 and 2011, as well as those in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program, had higher first-dose vaccination rates for HPV. In contrast, girls born in Beijing between 2012 and 2015, those with non-local or unknown household registration, and those living in suburban and outer suburban areas had lower first-dose vaccination rates. Among the girls born in Beijing, those residing in areas covered by the HPV vaccination program had a high full-course vaccination rate, while those born between 2011 and 2015, those with unknown household registration, and those living in outer suburban areas had lower full-course vaccination rates.

Conclusions

The girls born in Beijing between 2009 and 2015 had lower first-dose and full-course vaccination rates for HPV, especially those born between 2012 and 2015, living in outer suburban areas, and in areas not covered by the HPV vaccination program.

human papillomavirus vaccine  /  first-dose and full-course vaccination  /  influencing factors  /  girl  /  full vaccination coverage rate  /  Beijing city
袁千里, 赵丹, 王怀, 高培, 索罗丹. 北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂及全程接种情况：基于儿童预防接种信息系统数据分析. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (1) : 60 -65 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148251
Qianli YUAN, Dan ZHAO, Huai WANG, Pei GAO, Luodan SUO. First-dose and full-course HPV vaccination coverage among girls born in Beijing from 2009 to 2015: an analysis based on the Beijing Immunization Information System[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (1) : 60 -65 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148251
正文
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宫颈癌是导致女性死亡的主要癌症之一。世界卫生组织报告显示，2022年全球约有66万宫颈癌新确诊病例，35万死亡病例[1]，中国宫颈癌新发病例为15.07万，死亡病例为5.57万[2]。研究显示，1990—2021年中国宫颈癌疾病负担较重，其发病率与死亡率均高于英国和美国等发达国家[3]，且近年来发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势，年轻化趋势正逐渐凸显[4]。有研究表明，接种疫苗是预防人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus, HPV）感染、宫颈癌和其他HPV相关癌症的最佳方法，且接种年龄越早预防效果越显著[5]。世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）提出HPV疫苗接种的首要目标人群为9～14岁女童，提高其接种率是HPV接种项目的优先和首要目标[6]。2020年世界卫生大会通过的《加速消除宫颈癌全球战略》亦提出，加快推进青少年HPV疫苗接种有利于推进消除宫颈癌计划，到2030年，要实现90%的女童在15岁之前完成HPV疫苗接种的目标[7]。但截至2022年底，我国9～14岁女童HPV疫苗接种率仅为0.31%[8]，远低于WHO提出的2030年HPV疫苗的接种率目标[7]。为提高适龄女童接种率，截至2025年5月，我国已有16个省（自治区、直辖市）将二价HPV疫苗纳入惠民项目，为青少年女性免费接种[9]，但在北京市HPV疫苗为非免疫规划疫苗。据统计，北京市9～45岁女性HPV累计接种率较低，约为8.28%[10]。为了解北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种现状及影响因素，为制定青少年女性HPV疫苗免疫策略提供科学依据，本研究收集了北京市儿童预防接种信息管理系统中出生日期为2009年1月1日—2015年12月31日在册管理的691 632名女童HPV疫苗接种的相关数据，分析其HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种情况及影响因素。结果报告如下。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
资料来源于北京市儿童预防接种管理系统，本研究导出儿童预防接种管理系统在册管理的出生日期为2009年1月1日—2015年12月31日的691 889名女童预防接种编码、出生日期、户籍、居住区域和HPV疫苗接种的相关信息，包括本市接种信息及补录的外地接种信息。其中，是否为项目地区按照各区既往是否开展过初一在校女生HPV疫苗接种项目，将全市17个区划分为项目地区和非项目地区两类。数据统计时间截止到2024年12月31日，数据导出时间为2025年1月7日。将系统获得的全部儿童预防接种电子档案按照“姓名+身份证件号码”和“姓名+性别+出生日期+母亲或父亲或其他监护人”作为查询条件进行查重，合并HPV疫苗接种记录，共剔除重复个案257条，最终纳入分析691 632人。本研究经北京市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查批准（审批号：BJCDC2024034）。
1.2　统计分析
应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析，计数资料采用n和%描述，不同特征女童HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种率的比较采用χ2检验；应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种的影响因素。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
2　结　果
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2.1　一般情况
北京市2009—2015年出生的691 632名女童中，2009年出生85 446人（12.36%），2010年出生78 881人（11.41%），2011年出生94 554人（13.67%），2012年出生113 643人（16.43%）、2013年出生101 346人（14.65%），2014年出生133 312人（19.27%），2015年出生84 450人（12.21%）；本市户籍461 067人（66.67%），外地户籍210 763人（30.47%），不详19 802人（2.86%）；城区393 652人（56.92%），近郊250 363人（36.20%），远郊47 617人（6.88%）；非项目地区467 845人（67.64%），项目地区223 787人（32.36%）。
2.2　北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种情况（表1）
北京市2009—2015年出生的691 632名女童中，HPV疫苗首剂接种者27 011人，首剂接种率为3.91%；HPV疫苗全程接种者12 534人，全程接种率为1.81%。北京市不同特征2009—2015年出生女童比较，不同出生年份、户籍、地区和是否项目地区2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种率均不同，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。
2.3　北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种情况影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析（表2、3）
分别以北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗是否完成首剂接种（0=否，1=是）和是否完成全程接种（0=否，1=是）为因变量，以出生年份、户籍、地区和是否项目地区为自变量分别进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示，2010—2011年出生和HPV疫苗项目覆盖地区北京市女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率较高，2012—2015年出生、户籍为外地和不详、居住在近郊和远郊地区北京市女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率较低；HPV疫苗项目覆盖地区北京市女童HPV疫苗全程接种率较高，2011—2015年出生、户籍不详和居住在远郊地区北京市女童HPV疫苗全程接种率较低。
3　讨　论
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截至2025年7月，194个WHO成员国中已经有157个国家和地区将HPV纳入免疫规划，纳入免疫规划国家的适龄人群HPV疫苗全程接种率为53%[11]。在中国，9～45岁人群接种率仅为2.24%[10]，且接种者主要以成人为主，青少年接种率<1%[8–9]。有研究表明，中国9～14岁女童HPV疫苗的首剂接种率为0.83%[12]，全程接种率仅为0.31%[8]。本研究基于对预防接种电子档案数据的分析发现，北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率和全程接种率分别为3.91%和1.81%，其中首剂接种率高于甘肃省（1.00%）[9]、北京市通州区（1.87%）[13]、天津市（0.64%）[14]、上海市（0.66%）[15]、山东省滕州市（0.06%）[16]、浙江省（3.09%）[17]和江苏省苏州市（2.55%）[18]等地9～14岁女童HPV疫苗的首剂接种率。据统计，全球9～14岁女童HPV疫苗的平均首剂接种率和全程接种率分别为20%和15%[19]。目前，北京市女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率和全程接种率均与全球平均水平存在较大差距。
青少年女性是否接种HPV疫苗，很大程度上由父母的决定所主导，9～14岁女孩接种率低主要与父母对HPV疫苗接受意愿低有关。一项关于家长HPV疫苗接种意愿的meta分析发现，中国家长自己接种HPV疫苗的意愿和接种率较高，而为孩子接种HPV疫苗的意愿和孩子的接种率却较低[20]。研究表明，家长为孩子接种HPV疫苗的意愿低与多种因素有关，包括受教育背景、家庭收入、疫苗价格、城乡差异、HPV及疫苗知识匮乏和对疫苗安全性有顾虑等[21–26]。通过对未接种HPV疫苗儿童家长定性访谈发现，部分家长认为目前孩子没有性行为不需要接种，疫苗接种反而可能促使性行为发生；另有部分家长担心疫苗接种后会造成孩子不育等生殖健康方面的长期影响；还有部分家长提出社交媒体上关于疫苗负面信息的报道使其无法解除对疫苗安全性和副作用的疑虑，增加了对疫苗的不信任[27–28]。
研究表明，将HPV疫苗纳入免疫规划的国家青少年HPV疫苗接种率较高，例如美国13～17岁女孩HPV疫苗的首剂接种率为76%，法国11～14岁女孩HPV疫苗的接种率为38.6%，南非公立学校中女生的首剂HPV疫苗接种率为76.1%[20]。研究表明，中国青少年初次性行为的平均年龄为15.9岁，尚未发生初次性行为的9～15岁女性接种疫苗获益最大[29]。因此，为初中女生免费接种HPV疫苗能达到宫颈癌一级预防策略的最佳效果。中国既往已经实施HPV疫苗免费接种政策的16个省（自治区、直辖市），多是由财政支持为初中女生免费接种2剂次国产二价HPV疫苗[30]，上述地区HPV疫苗免费接种显著提高了适龄女性疫苗接种率和满意度[9]。北京市自2025年9月起，全面启动为初一女生的HPV疫苗免费接种工作，进一步提高目标人群的疫苗接种率，推动宫颈癌的综合防治工作。
研究结果显示，不同特征女童的HPV疫苗接种率存在差异。首先，出生年份影响HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种率，2010—2011年出生的女童首剂接种率较高，而2012—2015年出生的女童首剂接种率较低，这一差异可能与女童所处的年龄段有关。截至统计时间，2010—2011年出生的女童年龄为13～14岁，正处于初中阶段，而2012—2015年出生的女童则多处于小学阶段，相较于小学女生家长，初中女生家长对青春期健康和性教育等话题的关注度可能更高。WHO建议女童在15岁之前接种HPV疫苗[4]，国内专家建议13岁左右处于初一或初二阶段的女生尽早完成HPV疫苗接种[9]。目前，国内多个省份和地区已经启动了初中女生HPV疫苗免费接种项目，并同步开展了预防接种宣传，在此类国内外初中女生接种必要性的宣传引导下，该阶段女生的家长对HPV疫苗接种的必要性可能有更清晰的认知。从全程接种率来看，2010年及之前出生的女童HPV疫苗接种率相对更高，这可能与该年龄段女童家长对HPV疫苗全程接种重要性的认知程度较高有关；同时，随着年龄增长，14～15岁女童自身对HPV疫苗全程接种的关注度也逐渐提升，在一定程度上减少了漏种的发生。第二，外地户籍及户籍信息不详的女童HPV疫苗首剂接种率相对较低，但户籍类型对HPV疫苗全程接种率并无明显影响。目前我国预防接种服务实行属地化管理原则，所有户籍儿童均享有同等的预防接种服务政策，而外地户籍女童家长多为外来进京务工人员，流动性较强、收入水平和文化程度相对偏低，预防保健意识较为薄弱。因此，流动儿童家长常因不清楚接种时间、不了解接种地点和缺乏预防接种相关知识等原因而未能为孩子接种疫苗[31]。第三，首剂和全程HPV疫苗接种率存在明显的地区差异，均为远郊区接种率低于城区，这主要与家长的重视程度和接种意愿相关。研究表明，城区儿童监护人对HPV及其疫苗知识的知晓率和疫苗接种意愿均高于郊区[32–33]。此外，自付疫苗费用和家庭经济状况也是影响接种意愿的重要因素[17,34]。郊区家庭整体经济条件相对较差，自费疫苗可能给这些家庭带来额外经济负担。第四，HPV疫苗项目覆盖地区北京市女童HPV疫苗首剂和全程接种率均较高，提示HPV疫苗接种项目能明显提高首剂和全程HPV疫苗接种率。为响应北京市加速消除宫颈癌行动计划（2022—2030年）[35]，北京市通州、密云、房山、昌平、怀柔和大兴6个区分别于2023年、2024年陆续启动初一在校女生HPV疫苗“愿接尽接”试点项目，由学校负责疫苗接种宣传、组织动员和人员信息摸底登记，初一女生根据自身需求和经济状况自愿自费选择二价、四价或九价HPV疫苗接种。既往研究发现，依托学校开展的HPV疫苗预防接种宣传及预防接种组织动员工作能有效提升家长对HPV疫苗的接种意愿；学校组织动员下的免预约接种为女生提供了便捷的接种路径，加上同伴群体接种行为的影响，有效推动了HPV疫苗接种工作[36–38]。尽管疫苗接种项目明显提高了HPV疫苗接种率，但项目地区整体接种率仍处于较低水平，若要将接种率进一步提升至理想状态，一方面需要在HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划政策支持下，进一步扩大HPV疫苗免疫规划覆盖的青少年群体年龄范围；另一方面还需从全市层面制定具有针对性的疫苗健康宣教方式，如针对流动户籍和远郊区女童家长以及针对学校教师和校医等不同人群制作个性化宫颈癌防治科普宣传方式，通过家长们喜爱的新媒体平台，如抖音、小红书等，采用科普视频、一图读懂等方式向学生及家长传递HPV疫苗知识，提升家长对HPV疫苗接种重要性的认识。同时，学校、预防接种单位、社区和媒体等单位也应各方加强合作，强化宣传效果。
综上所述，北京市2009—2015年出生女童HPV疫苗的首剂和全程接种率均较低，尤其是2012—2015年出生、居住在远郊和HPV疫苗项目未覆盖地区的女童。建议相关部门进一步扩大HPV疫苗免疫规划覆盖人群范围，并探索适宜健康宣教方式，如针对不同群体制定个性化的宫颈癌防治健康宣教方式，利用新媒体平台的传播优势向学生及家长传递核心信息，提高北京市青少年女性的HPV疫苗接种率，加快实现世界卫生组织全球HPV疫苗接种目标。北京市免疫规划信息系统涵盖了北京市>98%的儿童疫苗接种记录。本研究基于信息系统中预防接种电子档案计算的HPV接种率结果真实可靠。但本研究亦存在一定的局限性：首先，北京市自2024年3月份开始实施2剂次HPV疫苗免疫程序，但截至数据统计时间，信息系统中尚未实现对接种个案2剂程序选择的筛选功能，导致无法区分是3剂程序中的第2剂延迟接种还是选择的2剂程序，这可能造成第3剂次接种率低估，但截至数据统计时间，选择2剂程序的女童在全部受种者总数中所占比例非常小，不会影响整体研究结果；第二，截至统计时间，部分儿童已完成第2剂次接种，但尚未到第3剂接种时间，会导致第3剂接种率的低估。随着对不同免疫程序的接种率评估需求增高，现有信息系统已经实现对于不同免疫程序剂次的标记与筛选功能，能够在后续接种率统计中实现2剂次与3剂次程序的精准区分。

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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148251
  • 接收时间：2025-06-18
  • 首发时间：2026-10-23
  • 出版时间：2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-18
  • 修回日期：2025-08-05
  • 录用日期：2025-08-27
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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