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Article(id=1320431898451620718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1148147, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=1758384000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-21, acceptedDate=1773072000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-10, onlineDate=1792745097029, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792745097029, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792745097029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792745097029, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320431836577247574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='7', pageStart='769', pageEnd='896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792745082277, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748015122, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444137892069377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444137892069378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=883, endPage=890, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320431898648753007, articleId=1320431898451620718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Analysis of experiential perceptions of supervised subjects in health supervision work and influencing factors in the new era: a 2024 web based survey, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the comprehensive feedback of supervised subjects on health supervision work and their experiential perceptions in the new era and explore the key influencing factors, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing health supervision practices and enhancing regulatory efficacy.

Methods

In November 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to survey 3 156 supervised subjects across four types of institutions (public venues, medical institutions, schools/childcare facilities, and enterprises) in economically developed eastern regions of China. The survey covered basic demographics, awareness levels, supervision and re-inspection experiences, training and guidance received, regulatory compliance and enforcement intensity, satisfaction levels, and cooperation. Satisfaction was used as the core indicator to assess experiential perceptions. On the basis of an overall analysis of feedback and experiential perceptions, univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression were employed to identify key influencing factors.

Results

Among the 3 156 supervised subjects, 955 (30.3%), 1 085 (34.4%), and 1 116 (35.3%) were in central urban areas, suburban areas, and outer suburban areas, respectively. Regarding institutional types, the 3 156 supervised subjects included 1 335 (42.3%) in public venues, 617 (19.6%) in enterprises, 611 (19.4%) in schools/childcare facilities, and 593 (18.8%) in medical institutions. Overall, 51.1% of the total supervised subjects, 58.4% in central urban areas, and 54.5% in public venues stated that they completely understood the laws and regulations of their industry, and 48.1% of the total supervised subjects, 51.9% in central urban areas, and 51.3% in medical institutions believed that it was very easy to obtain the relevant information. Additionally, 81.5% of respondents perceived the enforcement process as highly standardized. The overall satisfaction score for health supervision work was (4.73 ± 0.51), with the supervised subjects in schools/childcare facilities scoring highest (4.77 ± 0.47) and those in enterprises lower (4.71 ± 0.51). The supervised subjects in central urban areas (4.79 ± 0.46) had higher satisfaction scores than those in suburban areas (4.70 ± 0.54) and outer suburban areas (4.70 ± 0.51) (both P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that key factors influencing experiential perceptions included enforcement standardization (β = 0.580, P < 0.001), awareness of laws and regulations (β = 0.039, P = 0.004), ease of information access (β = 0.062, P < 0.001), and understanding of responsibilities (β = 0.095, P < 0.001), all showing significant positive effects, while penalty history (β = −0.100, P = 0.007) had a negative effect.

Conclusions

In the new era, supervised subjects generally exhibit favorable awareness and feedback of health supervision work, with positive experiential perceptions. However, significant disparities exist across different areas and institution types, with higher evaluations from central urban areas and schools/childcare facilities and lower evaluations from suburban areas and enterprises.

, authors=Xinyun WANG1, Youyang TANG1, Limei JING1, Shiwen ZHANG2, Xiaoyu ZHANG2, authorsList=Xinyun WANG, Youyang TANG, Limei JING, Shiwen ZHANG, Xiaoyu ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Limei JING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JING Limei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320431901668651898, articleId=1320431898451620718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=新时期卫生监督工作监管对象体验感及影响因素分析：一项2024年网络问卷调查, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析新时期监管对象对卫生监督相关工作及体验感的综合评价状况，并探究主要影响因素，为优化卫生监督工作、提升监管效能提供科学依据。

方法

于2024年11月，采用便利抽样法，对东部典型经济发达地区的4种单位类型（公共场所、医疗机构、学校/托幼机构、企业）3 156名监管对象进行调查，了解其基本情况、认知情况、监督检查及复查情况、培训及指导情况、执法规范及监督力度、满意度情况、工作配合情况，采用“满意度”作为衡量“体验感”的核心指标，在总体分析监管对象工作反馈和体验感状况基础上，运用单因素分析和多元线性回归探究主要影响因素。

结果

3 156名监管对象地域分布为中心城区955人（30.3%），近郊区1 085人（34.4%），远郊区1 116人（35.3%）；单位类型包含公共场所1 335人（42.3%），企业617人（19.6%），学校/托幼机构611人（19.4%）和医疗机构593人（18.8%）。总体上51.1%、中心城区和公共场所分别有58.4%和54.5%表示“非常了解”本行业法律法规。总体48.1%、中心城区和医疗机构分别有51.9%和51.3%的监管对象认为获取相关信息“非常容易”。81.5%监管对象表示执法过程“非常规范”；监管对象对卫生监督工作的总体满意度得分（4.73±0.51）分，其中学校/托幼机构满意度最高，得分（4.77±0.47）分，企业得分相对较低，为（4.71±0.51）分；中心城区满意度得分（4.79±0.46）高于近郊区（4.70±0.54）和远郊区（4.70±0.51），差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。多元回归分析结果显示，监管对象体验感的主要影响因素包括执法过程规范程度（β=0.580，P<0.001）、法律法规了解程度（β=0.039，P=0.004）、信息获取难易程度（β=0.062，P<0.001）和工作职责了解程度（β=0.095，P<0.001），均呈显著正向影响，被处罚情况（β= –0.100，P=0.007）呈显著负向影响。

结论

新时期监管对象对卫生监督工作的总体认知和评价反馈较好，体验感较好；不同地区和不同类型监管对象存在明显差异，中心城区和学校/托幼机构监管对象评价相对较高，郊区和企业监管对象评价相对较低。

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王心韵（2005—），本科在读，研究方向：卫生管理与卫生政策

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荆丽梅，E-mail：
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=满意度), Keyword(id=1320431903824524195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=影响因素)], refs=[Reference(id=1320431906588570548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=全国人大常委会办公厅. 中华人民共和国基本医疗卫生与健康促进法[M]. 北京: 中国民主法制出版社, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431906668262325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鹿文媛, 鲁杰, 韩笑玥, 等. 在中国共产党领导下的卫生健康监督事业发展历程[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2021, 37(12): 1721-1725., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431906756342710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王鑫峰, 欧阳伟, 王延赏. 我国卫生监督机构人力资源配置现状及空间分布研究[J]. 中国卫生政策研究, 2022, 15(2): 46-53., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431906903143351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李宇阳, 鲍诚, 秦秋艳, 等. 卫生监督公众满意度评价指标体系实证研究[J]. 卫生软科学, 2016, 30(4): 202-205., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431906974446520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=秦秋艳, 徐捷慧, 李宇阳, 等. 杭州市卫生监督工作居民满意度现状及其影响因素[J]. 中国公共卫生管理, 2015, 31(1): 60-62., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431907058332601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王红梅. 仪征市卫生监督公众满意度提升研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431907129635770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龙晓欣. 连州市卫生监督公众满意度评价研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431907196744635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋小花, 沈卓之, 张楠楠, 等. 问卷的信度和效度分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2010, 37(3): 429-431., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431907259659196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谷雨, 孟群. 卫生监督执法能力影响因素结构方程模型分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2022, 38(1): 85-89., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431907343545277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范冠宇, 李欣茹, 赵婷, 等. 基于平衡计分卡的卫生监督执法效能评价指标体系构建研究[J]. 医学与社会, 2023, 36(4): 50-55, 62., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320431907410654142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谷雨, 孟群. 基于DEA-Tobit法的卫生监督执法效率及其影响因素研究[J]. 中国卫生统计, 2021, 38(3): 368-370., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320431901899338619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320431901903532924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, companyId=1320431901899338619, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201318, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320431901916115837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, companyId=1320431901899338619, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1上海交通大学公共卫生学院，上海 201318)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320431902008390526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320431902016779135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, companyId=1320431902008390526, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320431902025167744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, companyId=1320431902008390526, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2上海中医药大学公共健康学院，上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320431903941964708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparative analysis of regional and institutional distribution patterns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单位类型总体（n=3 156）中心城区（n=955）近郊区（n=1 085）远郊区（n=1 116）χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
公共场所1 33542.327729.048344.557551.5118.27<0.001
医疗机构59318.823724.821319.614312.8
学校/托幼机构61119.423424.516515.221219.0
企业61719.620721.722420.618616.7
), ArticleFig(id=1320431904013267877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同地区和单位类型调查对象分布情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单位类型总体（n=3 156）中心城区（n=955）近郊区（n=1 085）远郊区（n=1 116）χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
公共场所1 33542.327729.048344.557551.5118.27<0.001
医疗机构59318.823724.821319.614312.8
学校/托幼机构61119.423424.516515.221219.0
企业61719.620721.722420.618616.7
), ArticleFig(id=1320431904101348262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comprehensive feedback from supervised subjects in different areas on health supervision work

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总体（n=3 156）中心城区（n=955）近郊区（n=1 085）远郊区（n=1 116）χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
法律法规了解程度38.84<0.001
非常了解1 61251.155858.450646.654849.1
比较了解1 21538.532634.144641.144339.7
一般3049.6677.012211.211510.3
不太了解220.730.3111.080.7
非常不了解30.110.100.020.2
获取信息难易程度22.780.014
非常容易1 51748.149651.950946.951245.9
比较容易1 21438.535437.141738.444339.7
一般39912.6939.715113.915513.9
比较困难200.6101.050.550.4
非常困难60.220.230.310.1
工作职责了解程度38.74<0.001
非常了解1 33642.346648.843640.243438.9
比较了解1 36743.338840.647844.150144.9
一般41213.1929.615514.316514.8
不太了解371.290.9141.3141.3
非常不了解40.100.020.220.2
被处罚情况24.20<0.001
未被处罚2 93392.988492.698791.01 06295.2
被处罚2237.1717.4989.0544.8
违反的法律法规知晓率 a224.30<0.001
是21194.66895.89293.95194.4
否125.434.266.135.6
被处罚机构接受复查指导情况 b225.96<0.001
是20893.36490.19293.95296.3
否156.779.966.123.7
指导性服务接受情况3.720.521
是2 92392.688993.199791.91 03792.9
否2337.4666.9888.1797.1
知识培训接受情况24.44<0.001
是2 70885.884988.989982.996086.0
否44814.210611.118617.115614.0
认为知识培训是否有帮助 c28.92<0.001
有帮助2 69599.584399.389599.695799.7
没有帮助130.560.740.430.3
执法过程主观规范29.83<0.001
非常规范2 57381.582986.887680.786877.8
比较规范50916.110911.418316.921719.4
一般682.2161.7222.0302.7
不太规范40.110.130.300.0
非常不规范20.100.010.110.1
监管频次36.79<0.001
非常频繁59818.916717.515914.727224.4
比较频繁1 47446.746348.550046.151145.8
一般97030.730431.836934.029726.6
不太频繁1093.5212.2575.3312.8
很不频繁50.200.000.050.4
处罚程度11.710.069
非常重41813.212413.011810.917615.8
比较重1 13536.036338.039035.938234.2
一般1 39144.141042.950046.148143.1
不太重1675.3464.8605.5615.5
非常轻451.4121.3171.6161.4
愿意配合工作7.240.087
愿意3 15199.89551001 08199.61 11599.9
不愿意50.200.040.410.1
有投诉/举报等想法3.640.985
没有3 07697.593197.51 05897.51 08797.4
有802.5242.5272.5292.6
), ArticleFig(id=1320431904185234343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同地区监管对象对卫生监督工作的综合评价结果比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标总体（n=3 156）中心城区（n=955）近郊区（n=1 085）远郊区（n=1 116）χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
法律法规了解程度38.84<0.001
非常了解1 61251.155858.450646.654849.1
比较了解1 21538.532634.144641.144339.7
一般3049.6677.012211.211510.3
不太了解220.730.3111.080.7
非常不了解30.110.100.020.2
获取信息难易程度22.780.014
非常容易1 51748.149651.950946.951245.9
比较容易1 21438.535437.141738.444339.7
一般39912.6939.715113.915513.9
比较困难200.6101.050.550.4
非常困难60.220.230.310.1
工作职责了解程度38.74<0.001
非常了解1 33642.346648.843640.243438.9
比较了解1 36743.338840.647844.150144.9
一般41213.1929.615514.316514.8
不太了解371.290.9141.3141.3
非常不了解40.100.020.220.2
被处罚情况24.20<0.001
未被处罚2 93392.988492.698791.01 06295.2
被处罚2237.1717.4989.0544.8
违反的法律法规知晓率 a224.30<0.001
是21194.66895.89293.95194.4
否125.434.266.135.6
被处罚机构接受复查指导情况 b225.96<0.001
是20893.36490.19293.95296.3
否156.779.966.123.7
指导性服务接受情况3.720.521
是2 92392.688993.199791.91 03792.9
否2337.4666.9888.1797.1
知识培训接受情况24.44<0.001
是2 70885.884988.989982.996086.0
否44814.210611.118617.115614.0
认为知识培训是否有帮助 c28.92<0.001
有帮助2 69599.584399.389599.695799.7
没有帮助130.560.740.430.3
执法过程主观规范29.83<0.001
非常规范2 57381.582986.887680.786877.8
比较规范50916.110911.418316.921719.4
一般682.2161.7222.0302.7
不太规范40.110.130.300.0
非常不规范20.100.010.110.1
监管频次36.79<0.001
非常频繁59818.916717.515914.727224.4
比较频繁1 47446.746348.550046.151145.8
一般97030.730431.836934.029726.6
不太频繁1093.5212.2575.3312.8
很不频繁50.200.000.050.4
处罚程度11.710.069
非常重41813.212413.011810.917615.8
比较重1 13536.036338.039035.938234.2
一般1 39144.141042.950046.148143.1
不太重1675.3464.8605.5615.5
非常轻451.4121.3171.6161.4
愿意配合工作7.240.087
愿意3 15199.89551001 08199.61 11599.9
不愿意50.200.040.410.1
有投诉/举报等想法3.640.985
没有3 07697.593197.51 05897.51 08797.4
有802.5242.5272.5292.6
), ArticleFig(id=1320431904269120424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison on feedback from supervised subjects in different types of institutions on health supervision work

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标公共场所（n=1 335）医疗机构（n=593）学校/托幼机构（n=611）企业（n=617）χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
法律法规了解程度74.9<0.001
非常了解72854.5328748.4035958.7623838.57
比较了解47135.2823840.1322236.3328446.03
一般1309.746110.29274.428613.94
不太了解50.3761.0130.4981.30
非常不了解10.0710.1700.0010.16
获取信息难易程度17.580.007
非常容易65949.3630451.2628646.8126843.44
比较容易47835.8122237.4425040.9226442.79
一般18814.08589.787211.788113.13
比较困难70.5281.3510.1640.65
非常困难30.2210.1720.3300.00
工作职责了解程度18.510.005
非常了解58243.6022336.1426643.5426544.69
比较了解54841.0528846.6827244.5225943.68
一般18313.719715.726510.646711.30
不太了解191.4291.4671.1520.34
非常不了解30.2200.0010.1600.00
被处罚情况82.52<0.001
未被处罚1 22891.9959596.4360098.2051086.00
被处罚1078.01223.57111.808314.00
被处罚机构明确知晓违反的法律法规 a235.89<0.001
是10194.392195.45872.738197.59
否65.6114.55327.2722.41
被处罚机构接受复查指导情况 b228.78<0.001
是10295.331986.36981.827893.98
否54.67313.64218.1856.02
指导性服务接受情况40.89<0.001
是1 21891.2454788.6558495.5857496.80
否1178.767011.35274.42193.20
知识培训接受情况12.870.005
是1 13985.3252484.9351083.4753590.22
否19614.689315.0710116.53589.78
认为知识培训是否有帮助 c32.64<0.001
有帮助1 13299.3952099.2450899.61535100.00
没有帮助70.6140.7620.3900.00
执法过程主观规范23.53<0.001
非常规范1 05879.2548879.0952686.0950184.49
比较规范23617.6811117.997712.608514.33
一般382.85172.7671.1561.01
不太规范30.2200.0000.0010.17
非常不规范00.0010.1610.1600.00
监管频次89.23<0.001
非常频繁27520.608213.2916326.687813.15
比较频繁63247.3424038.9031551.5528748.40
一般39129.2925341.0012620.6220033.73
不太频繁362.70416.6560.98264.38
很不频繁10.0710.1610.1620.34
处罚程度60.97<0.001
非常重20315.217111.519916.20457.59
比较重45333.9320332.9028246.1519733.22
一般56242.1030749.7621535.1930751.77
不太重866.44315.02111.80396.58
非常轻312.3250.8140.6550.84
愿意配合工作3.640.304
愿意1 33199.70617100.00611100.059299.83
不愿意40.3000.0000.0010.17
有投诉/举报等想法12.410.006
有251.87264.38182.95111.78
没有1 31098.1356795.6259397.0560698.22
), ArticleFig(id=1320431904340423593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同单位类型监管对象对卫生监督工作的评价结果比较

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指标公共场所（n=1 335）医疗机构（n=593）学校/托幼机构（n=611）企业（n=617）χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
法律法规了解程度74.9<0.001
非常了解72854.5328748.4035958.7623838.57
比较了解47135.2823840.1322236.3328446.03
一般1309.746110.29274.428613.94
不太了解50.3761.0130.4981.30
非常不了解10.0710.1700.0010.16
获取信息难易程度17.580.007
非常容易65949.3630451.2628646.8126843.44
比较容易47835.8122237.4425040.9226442.79
一般18814.08589.787211.788113.13
比较困难70.5281.3510.1640.65
非常困难30.2210.1720.3300.00
工作职责了解程度18.510.005
非常了解58243.6022336.1426643.5426544.69
比较了解54841.0528846.6827244.5225943.68
一般18313.719715.726510.646711.30
不太了解191.4291.4671.1520.34
非常不了解30.2200.0010.1600.00
被处罚情况82.52<0.001
未被处罚1 22891.9959596.4360098.2051086.00
被处罚1078.01223.57111.808314.00
被处罚机构明确知晓违反的法律法规 a235.89<0.001
是10194.392195.45872.738197.59
否65.6114.55327.2722.41
被处罚机构接受复查指导情况 b228.78<0.001
是10295.331986.36981.827893.98
否54.67313.64218.1856.02
指导性服务接受情况40.89<0.001
是1 21891.2454788.6558495.5857496.80
否1178.767011.35274.42193.20
知识培训接受情况12.870.005
是1 13985.3252484.9351083.4753590.22
否19614.689315.0710116.53589.78
认为知识培训是否有帮助 c32.64<0.001
有帮助1 13299.3952099.2450899.61535100.00
没有帮助70.6140.7620.3900.00
执法过程主观规范23.53<0.001
非常规范1 05879.2548879.0952686.0950184.49
比较规范23617.6811117.997712.608514.33
一般382.85172.7671.1561.01
不太规范30.2200.0000.0010.17
非常不规范00.0010.1610.1600.00
监管频次89.23<0.001
非常频繁27520.608213.2916326.687813.15
比较频繁63247.3424038.9031551.5528748.40
一般39129.2925341.0012620.6220033.73
不太频繁362.70416.6560.98264.38
很不频繁10.0710.1610.1620.34
处罚程度60.97<0.001
非常重20315.217111.519916.20457.59
比较重45333.9320332.9028246.1519733.22
一般56242.1030749.7621535.1930751.77
不太重866.44315.02111.80396.58
非常轻312.3250.8140.6550.84
愿意配合工作3.640.304
愿意1 33199.70617100.00611100.059299.83
不愿意40.3000.0000.0010.17
有投诉/举报等想法12.410.006
有251.87264.38182.95111.78
没有1 31098.1356795.6259397.0560698.22
), ArticleFig(id=1320431904436892586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Satisfaction scores of supervised subjects in different areas on health supervision work($ \overline{\boldsymbol{x}} $±s)

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满意维度总体
（n=3 156）		中心城区（n=955）近郊区
（n=1 085）		远郊区
（n=1 116）		H值P值
总体满意度4.73±0.514.79±0.464.70±0.544.70±0.5123.399<0.001
工作态度4.76±0.494.81±0.444.75±0.524.74±0.4917.798<0.001
工作效率4.76±0.484.81±0.454.75±0.504.73±0.5017.486<0.001
执法公平性4.74±0.514.80±0.464.72±0.534.70±0.5423.816<0.001
执法透明度4.74±0.514.81±0.454.73±0.514.70±0.5423.821<0.001
投诉举报处理方式4.70±0.554.77±0.514.68±0.564.67±0.5722.676<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320431904499807147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同地区监管对象对卫生监督工作的满意度评价得分（$ \overline{x} $±s）

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满意维度总体
（n=3 156）		中心城区（n=955）近郊区
（n=1 085）		远郊区
（n=1 116）		H值P值
总体满意度4.73±0.514.79±0.464.70±0.544.70±0.5123.399<0.001
工作态度4.76±0.494.81±0.444.75±0.524.74±0.4917.798<0.001
工作效率4.76±0.484.81±0.454.75±0.504.73±0.5017.486<0.001
执法公平性4.74±0.514.80±0.464.72±0.534.70±0.5423.816<0.001
执法透明度4.74±0.514.81±0.454.73±0.514.70±0.5423.821<0.001
投诉举报处理方式4.70±0.554.77±0.514.68±0.564.67±0.5722.676<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320431906152362928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Satisfaction scores of supervised subjects in different types of institutions on health supervision work($ \overline{\boldsymbol{x}} $±s)

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满意维度公共场所（n=1 335）医疗机构
（n=593）		学校/托幼机构
（n=611）		企业
（n=617）		H值P值
总体满意度4.72±0.534.73±0.494.77±0.474.71±0.514.7440.192
工作态度4.75±0.504.76±0.474.80±0.454.75±0.513.6120.307
工作效率4.75±0.504.75±0.474.79±0.464.75±0.483.2500.355
执法公平性4.72±0.554.74±0.484.79±0.464.73±0.518.2360.041
执法透明度4.73±0.544.76±0.474.79±0.464.73±0.517.0130.071
投诉举报处理方式4.68±0.574.72±0.524.77±0.494.67±0.5713.4620.004
), ArticleFig(id=1320431906240443313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同单位类型监管对象对卫生监督工作的满意度评价得分（$ \overline{x} $±s）

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满意维度公共场所（n=1 335）医疗机构
（n=593）		学校/托幼机构
（n=611）		企业
（n=617）		H值P值
总体满意度4.72±0.534.73±0.494.77±0.474.71±0.514.7440.192
工作态度4.75±0.504.76±0.474.80±0.454.75±0.513.6120.307
工作效率4.75±0.504.75±0.474.79±0.464.75±0.483.2500.355
执法公平性4.72±0.554.74±0.484.79±0.464.73±0.518.2360.041
执法透明度4.73±0.544.76±0.474.79±0.464.73±0.517.0130.071
投诉举报处理方式4.68±0.574.72±0.524.77±0.494.67±0.5713.4620.004
), ArticleFig(id=1320431906303357874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Results of linear regression analysis on factors influencing satisfaction with health supervision work

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变量总体满意度工作态度工作效率执法公平性执法透明度投诉举报处理方式
法律法规了解程度0.039 b0.0180.0120.033 a0.0190.041 b
获取信息难易程度0.062 c0.057 c0.066 c0.061 c0.059 c0.086 c
工作职责了解程度0.095 c0.083 c0.081 c0.085 c0.090 c0.080 c
是否被处罚–0.100 b–0.057 a–0.052 a–0.094 c–0.056 a–0.092 b
执法过程规范程度0.580 c0.586 c0.561 c0.603 c0.618 c0.598 c
监管频次0.0120.0170.030 b0.0200.026 b0.020
), ArticleFig(id=1320431906466935731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431898451620718, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

卫生监督工作满意度影响因素线性回归分析结果（β）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体满意度工作态度工作效率执法公平性执法透明度投诉举报处理方式
法律法规了解程度0.039 b0.0180.0120.033 a0.0190.041 b
获取信息难易程度0.062 c0.057 c0.066 c0.061 c0.059 c0.086 c
工作职责了解程度0.095 c0.083 c0.081 c0.085 c0.090 c0.080 c
是否被处罚–0.100 b–0.057 a–0.052 a–0.094 c–0.056 a–0.092 b
执法过程规范程度0.580 c0.586 c0.561 c0.603 c0.618 c0.598 c
监管频次0.0120.0170.030 b0.0200.026 b0.020
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王心韵 1 , 唐友阳 1 , 荆丽梅 1, *, * , 张诗文 2 , 张小雨 2
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(7): 883-890
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (7) : 883 -890
新时期卫生监督工作监管对象体验感及影响因素分析：一项2024年网络问卷调查
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王心韵1, 唐友阳1, 荆丽梅1, *, * , 张诗文2, 张小雨2
作者信息
  • 1上海交通大学公共卫生学院，上海 201318
  • 2上海中医药大学公共健康学院，上海 201203
通讯作者:
荆丽梅，E-mail：
作者简介:

王心韵（2005—），本科在读，研究方向：卫生管理与卫生政策

Analysis of experiential perceptions of supervised subjects in health supervision work and influencing factors in the new era: a 2024 web based survey
Xinyun WANG1, Youyang TANG1, Limei JING1 , Shiwen ZHANG2, Xiaoyu ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201318, China
  • 2School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    JING Limei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148147
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摘要
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目的

分析新时期监管对象对卫生监督相关工作及体验感的综合评价状况，并探究主要影响因素，为优化卫生监督工作、提升监管效能提供科学依据。

方法

于2024年11月，采用便利抽样法，对东部典型经济发达地区的4种单位类型（公共场所、医疗机构、学校/托幼机构、企业）3 156名监管对象进行调查，了解其基本情况、认知情况、监督检查及复查情况、培训及指导情况、执法规范及监督力度、满意度情况、工作配合情况，采用“满意度”作为衡量“体验感”的核心指标，在总体分析监管对象工作反馈和体验感状况基础上，运用单因素分析和多元线性回归探究主要影响因素。

结果

3 156名监管对象地域分布为中心城区955人（30.3%），近郊区1 085人（34.4%），远郊区1 116人（35.3%）；单位类型包含公共场所1 335人（42.3%），企业617人（19.6%），学校/托幼机构611人（19.4%）和医疗机构593人（18.8%）。总体上51.1%、中心城区和公共场所分别有58.4%和54.5%表示“非常了解”本行业法律法规。总体48.1%、中心城区和医疗机构分别有51.9%和51.3%的监管对象认为获取相关信息“非常容易”。81.5%监管对象表示执法过程“非常规范”；监管对象对卫生监督工作的总体满意度得分（4.73±0.51）分，其中学校/托幼机构满意度最高，得分（4.77±0.47）分，企业得分相对较低，为（4.71±0.51）分；中心城区满意度得分（4.79±0.46）高于近郊区（4.70±0.54）和远郊区（4.70±0.51），差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。多元回归分析结果显示，监管对象体验感的主要影响因素包括执法过程规范程度（β=0.580，P<0.001）、法律法规了解程度（β=0.039，P=0.004）、信息获取难易程度（β=0.062，P<0.001）和工作职责了解程度（β=0.095，P<0.001），均呈显著正向影响，被处罚情况（β= –0.100，P=0.007）呈显著负向影响。

结论

新时期监管对象对卫生监督工作的总体认知和评价反馈较好，体验感较好；不同地区和不同类型监管对象存在明显差异，中心城区和学校/托幼机构监管对象评价相对较高，郊区和企业监管对象评价相对较低。

卫生监督  /  监管对象  /  体验感  /  满意度  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyze the comprehensive feedback of supervised subjects on health supervision work and their experiential perceptions in the new era and explore the key influencing factors, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing health supervision practices and enhancing regulatory efficacy.

Methods

In November 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to survey 3 156 supervised subjects across four types of institutions (public venues, medical institutions, schools/childcare facilities, and enterprises) in economically developed eastern regions of China. The survey covered basic demographics, awareness levels, supervision and re-inspection experiences, training and guidance received, regulatory compliance and enforcement intensity, satisfaction levels, and cooperation. Satisfaction was used as the core indicator to assess experiential perceptions. On the basis of an overall analysis of feedback and experiential perceptions, univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression were employed to identify key influencing factors.

Results

Among the 3 156 supervised subjects, 955 (30.3%), 1 085 (34.4%), and 1 116 (35.3%) were in central urban areas, suburban areas, and outer suburban areas, respectively. Regarding institutional types, the 3 156 supervised subjects included 1 335 (42.3%) in public venues, 617 (19.6%) in enterprises, 611 (19.4%) in schools/childcare facilities, and 593 (18.8%) in medical institutions. Overall, 51.1% of the total supervised subjects, 58.4% in central urban areas, and 54.5% in public venues stated that they completely understood the laws and regulations of their industry, and 48.1% of the total supervised subjects, 51.9% in central urban areas, and 51.3% in medical institutions believed that it was very easy to obtain the relevant information. Additionally, 81.5% of respondents perceived the enforcement process as highly standardized. The overall satisfaction score for health supervision work was (4.73 ± 0.51), with the supervised subjects in schools/childcare facilities scoring highest (4.77 ± 0.47) and those in enterprises lower (4.71 ± 0.51). The supervised subjects in central urban areas (4.79 ± 0.46) had higher satisfaction scores than those in suburban areas (4.70 ± 0.54) and outer suburban areas (4.70 ± 0.51) (both P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that key factors influencing experiential perceptions included enforcement standardization (β = 0.580, P < 0.001), awareness of laws and regulations (β = 0.039, P = 0.004), ease of information access (β = 0.062, P < 0.001), and understanding of responsibilities (β = 0.095, P < 0.001), all showing significant positive effects, while penalty history (β = −0.100, P = 0.007) had a negative effect.

Conclusions

In the new era, supervised subjects generally exhibit favorable awareness and feedback of health supervision work, with positive experiential perceptions. However, significant disparities exist across different areas and institution types, with higher evaluations from central urban areas and schools/childcare facilities and lower evaluations from suburban areas and enterprises.

health supervision  /  supervised subjects  /  experiential perception  /  satisfaction  /  influencing factors
王心韵, 唐友阳, 荆丽梅, 张诗文, 张小雨. 新时期卫生监督工作监管对象体验感及影响因素分析：一项2024年网络问卷调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (7) : 883 -890 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148147
Xinyun WANG, Youyang TANG, Limei JING, Shiwen ZHANG, Xiaoyu ZHANG. Analysis of experiential perceptions of supervised subjects in health supervision work and influencing factors in the new era: a 2024 web based survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (7) : 883 -890 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148147
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新时期“健康中国”战略与“放管服”改革的双重背景下，卫生监督工作的核心目标已从单一的行政执法转向“监管效能提升”与“服务对象获得感增强”的双重目标。卫生监督执法是保障公共卫生安全、维护人民群众健康权益的法定职责和关键手段，其规范性与效能直接影响社会健康治理水平[1–2]。监管对象对执法工作的体验感既是执法效果的直观体现，也是推动执法质量持续优化的重要依据。满意度作为体验感的关键构成部分，能够直观地反映出监管对象在接受卫生监督服务过程中的整体主观感受。现有研究多关注卫生监督执法工作现状与改进策略，指出当前卫生监督执法存在的问题，如执法力量不足[3]、信息沟通不畅[4]、执法规范性欠缺[5]等，对卫生监督执法工作体验感的研究相对较少。以往研究关注公众视角的体验感[4–6]，但对卫生监管对象这一关键主体的关注明显不足，且存在评价维度单一、样本量有限等问题[4–7]。为此，本研究于2024年11月采用便利抽样方法，选取我国东部典型经济发达地区的卫生监督行政执法监管对象进行问卷调查，将“满意度”作为衡量“体验感”的核心指标，收集3 156名监管对象对卫生监督工作的多维度体验，为进一步优化监管资源配置、完善执法质量评价、提升监管效能提供科学依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
选取我国东部经济发达地区特大型城市作为典型地区（作为我国经济中心之一和国际化大都市，经济实力强、医疗资源丰富、政策响应快，卫生监督工作具有代表性和先进性，可为其他地区提供借鉴）。调查地区内公共场所、医疗机构、学校/托幼机构、企业四类重点监管单位中的工作人员，同时基于地理位置、城市化进程以及功能定位等综合因素考量，将区域划分为中心城区、近郊区与远郊区。采用便利抽样法，通过“问卷星”平台向监管对象发放问卷。调查遵循知情同意与自愿参与原则，本次调查共发放调查问卷3 156份，回收有效问卷3 156份。本次线上问卷调查程序规范严谨，调查内容仅限于服务体验与满意度，不采集任何个人隐私信息；所有数据在匿名状态下收集，且参与者在完全知情的基础上自愿完成。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　调查方法
于2024年11月通过“问卷星”平台发放调查问卷。问卷链接及填写说明由卫生监督部门工作人员通过线上工作群等方式发送给监管对象。调查前，对调查人员均进行标准化培训，熟悉问卷内容与操作流程。为保障数据质量，调查过程中实时核查问卷的完整性与逻辑性，发现异常及时反馈修正。
1.2.2　调查内容
基于国家与地方卫生监督工作绩效考核指标及相关文件，结合专家咨询意见，课题组编制“监管对象对卫生监督工作满意度的综合评价调查问卷”，共包括8个部分：（1）基本情况，如监管对象的单位类型、所在地区（指监管对象所处的具体行政区，后续分析中将其二次划分为中心城区、近郊区与远郊区）。（2）认知情况，包括监管对象法律法规知晓情况以及获知途径，对卫生监督机构的信息获取难易情况、工作职责的认知。关于了解途径采用排序加填空的方式，按照重要性进行排序，选择其他选项可具体阐述。结果判断基于监管对象主观评价。（3）监督检查及复查情况，包括监督检查次数、是否被处罚以及复查指导等。被监督检查次数使用填空的方式，关于指导、处罚的选项为是、否2项，监管对象根据实际情况判断。（4）培训及指导情况，包括机构接受知识培训、指导性服务。选项为是、否两项，监管对象根据实际情况选择。（5）执法规范及监督力度，包括卫生监督机构执法过程规范、监管频次、处罚程度，结果判断基于监管对象主观评价，是否被处罚及处罚次数根据实际情况判断。（6）满意度情况，包括总体满意度以及工作态度、工作效率和执法公平性、透明度、投诉举报处理满意度。满意度以及了解程度的评分采用李克特5等级量表方式，满意度评分有非常满意、比较满意、一般、不太满意、很不满意5个选项，分值依次为5分到1分，并在选择不太满意、非常不满意2项时加上填空，可阐述具体原因，满意度总分为5分，得分越高代表满意度越高。（7）监管对象配合情况，包括监管对象配合卫生监督执法工作和抱怨投诉情况。（8）监督执法问题建议，包括监督执法不足之处及优化建议等。
1.2.3　信效度验证和因子分析
问卷经专家审定及预调查修订，通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析，提取3个公因子，分别为法规认知与信息获取、执法规范与工作满意度、监管与处罚，3个公因子的克隆巴赫α系数分别为0.811、0.852、0.619。前2个公因子的克隆巴赫α系数均>0.8，表明其内部一致性良好[8]；而“监管与处罚”的克隆巴赫α系数为0.619，处于0.6～0.7之间，信度可接受（可能是由于该公因子涉及的处罚情况等方面较为复杂，不同监管对象对处罚的感知和评价存在较大差异，这些差异化的认知导致在回答相关条目时难以形成高度一致的反应模式，进而影响了该因子的内部一致性系数），但整体而言，量表信度良好。问卷内容涵盖监管核心维度，包括认知、行为、满意度的综合评价，符合当前卫生监督工作特点，问卷效度良好。
1.3　统计分析
采用Excel 2021对数据进行整理，通过SPSS 26.0软件对调查对象基本信息、满意度评分进行描述性分析。服从正态分布或接近正态分布的定量资料采用$ \overline{x}\pm s $描述，定性资料采用例数、百分比（%）描述；采用χ2检验、方差分析、秩和检验比较不同地区及不同机构监管对象法律法规知晓程度、获取信息难易程度、处罚情况等。以监管对象总体满意度及各维度满意度为因变量，采用多元线性回归模型分析监管对象满意度影响因素。检验水准双侧α=0.05。
2　结　果
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2.1　调查对象基本情况（表1）
本次实际有效回收问卷3 156份，中心城区955份（30.3%），近郊区1 085份（34.4%），远郊区1 116份（35.3%）。从单位类型来看，公共场所调查人数占比最高（42.3%），其次为企业（19.6%）、学校/托幼机构（19.4%）和医疗机构（18.8%）。中心城区公共场所占比最高（29.0%），其次为医疗机构（24.8%）、学校/托幼机构（24.5%）和企业（21.7%）；近郊区同样以公共场所为主（44.5%），学校/托幼机构占比最低（15.2%）；远郊区公共场所占比最高（51.5%），医疗机构占比最低（12.8%）。不同单位类型在不同地区的分布差异有统计学意义（χ2=118.27，P<0.001）。
2.2　不同地区监管对象对卫生监督工作的综合评价结果比较（表2）
总体上，51.1%的监管对象“非常了解”本行业法律法规，仅0.8%表示“不太了解”或“非常不了解”。中心城区监管对象58.4%“非常了解”本行业法律法规，明显高于远郊区（49.1%）和近郊区（46.6%）（P<0.001）。总体上有48.1%的监管对象认为获取相关信息“非常容易”，但存在明显的地区差异，中心城区该比例最高（51.9%），远郊区最低（45.9%）（P=0.014）。对卫生监督机构工作职责的了解程度也呈现类似趋势，中心城区“非常了解”的比例最高（48.8%），远郊区最低（38.9%）（P<0.001）。关于执法规范性，81.5%的监管对象认为执法过程“非常规范”，中心城区比例最高（86.8%），远郊区最低（77.8%）（P<0.001）。在监管频次方面，远郊区认为“非常频繁”的比例最高（24.4%），明显高于中心城区（17.5%）和近郊区（14.7%）（P<0.001）。年度总体处罚率为7.1%，其中近郊区处罚比例最高（9.0%），远郊区最低（4.8%）（P<0.001）。在被处罚对象中，94.6%明确知晓所违反的法律法规，中心城区知晓率最高（95.8%）；绝大多数被处罚对象（93.3%）接受了复查指导，其中远郊区接受指导的比例最高（96.3%）。
2.3　不同单位类型监管对象对卫生监督工作的评价结果比较（表3）
公共场所监管对象法律法规了解程度、获取信息难易程度均明显较高，企业较低。企业监管对象工作职责了解程度最高，医疗机构最低。学校/托幼机构中认为执法“非常规范”、监管频次“非常频繁”或“比较频繁”、处罚程度“非常重”或“比较重”的比例明显较高，企业明显较低；学校/托幼机构认为监管频次“非常频繁”占比最高；企业被处罚比例最高，明确知晓违反的法律法规、接受复查指导及对复查指导服务满意的比例最高，学校/托幼机构相对较低。
2.4　不同地区监管对象对卫生监督工作的满意度评价（表4）
监管对象对卫生监督工作的总体满意度较高，平均得分为（4.73±0.51）分。中心城区的总体满意度明显高于近郊区和远郊区（P<0.001）。在具体满意度维度方面，监管对象对工作态度和工作效率的满意度评价得分最高，分别为（4.76±0.49）和（4.76±0.48）分，执法透明度和投诉举报处理方式得分相对较低，分别为（4.74±0.51）和（4.70±0.55）分。中心城区在所有维度上的满意度均高于其他地区，尤其在投诉举报处理方式上，得分达到（4.77±0.51）分，而远郊区在该维度上得分最低，为（4.67±0.57）分（P<0.001）。
2.5　不同单位类型监管对象对卫生监督工作的满意度评价（表5）
不同单位类型分布来看，总体满意度差异无统计学意义（P=0.192），其中学校/托幼机构的总体满意度最高，为（4.77±0.47）分，企业最低，为（4.71±0.51）分。在具体维度上，学校/托幼机构在工作态度（4.80±0.45）分、工作效率（4.79±0.46）分、执法公平性（4.79±0.46）分、执法透明度（4.79±0.46）分和投诉举报处理方式（4.77±0.49）分上均表现最佳。企业在这几个维度上的得分相对较低，尤其是投诉举报处理方式，得分为（4.67±0.57）分（P=0.004）。
2.6　多元线性回归分析（表6）
以监管对象总体和各维度满意度作为因变量，进行多元线性回归分析，结果显示，执法过程规范程度（β=0.580，P<0.001）是影响卫生监督工作满意度的最关键因素，其对总体及各维度满意度均呈现正相关关系。法律法规了解程度（β=0.039，P=0.004）、信息获取难易程度（β=0.062，P<0.001）和工作职责了解程度（β=0.095，P<0.001）对总体满意度均有正向影响，而是否被处罚（β= –0.100，P=0.007）则对总体满意度及投诉举报处理方式维度有显著负向影响。监管频次对工作效率（β=0.030，P=0.005）和执法透明度（β=0.026，P=0.005）维度有正向作用，但对总体满意度无显著影响（β=0.012，P=0.289）。单位类型、检查次数、是否接受知识培训及所在地区分类对总体满意度均影响无统计学意义。
3　讨　论
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本研究结果显示，监管对象对卫生监督工作的总体评价反馈较好，表明在国家和地方综合监管政策不断完善背景下，卫生监督工作取得了一定成效。但地区和机构间仍存在较大差异，中心城区满意度高于近郊区和远郊区，学校/托幼机构满意度高于企业等其他单位类型。近年来，国家和地方不断强化综合监管政策体系，《关于加强医疗监督跨部门执法联动工作的意见》（国卫办医急发〔2024〕6号）等文件的出台，推动了卫生监督工作向规范化、系统化迈进，促使监管方式从传统单一行政执法向提升监管效能与服务对象获得感转变。在不同地区，中心城区因执法资源集中、信息传播渠道多样等优势，监管对象对卫生监督工作的评价更为积极；而远郊区由于执法资源相对匮乏、信息基础设施薄弱，满意度相对较低。不同类型机构中，学校/托幼机构作为特殊场所，受社会关注度高，其自身对卫生标准重视程度也高，与卫生监督部门配合紧密，因而满意度较高；企业则因经营业态复杂、利益诉求多元，在面对卫生监督时可能存在更多矛盾与摩擦，导致满意度相对较低。
卫生监督执法的规范程度是影响监管对象满意度的关键因素，本研究结果表明，监管对象认为卫生监督执法工作过程越规范，其满意度越高，这与既往研究结果一致[6]。规范的执法行为可能通过明确权责边界、统一执行标准、增强程序透明度，有效提升监管对象对执法过程的信任感与认同感，进而增加其整体满意度[9]。具体而言，规范的执法流程有效提升了执法的透明度与可预测性，使监管对象能够清晰了解执法依据与程序，减少不确定性。同时，规范性一定程度上保障了执法的公平与公正，有效遏制权力滥用，增强监管机构的公信力。此外，规范执法还畅通了沟通与申诉渠道，确保了监管对象的参与权与表达权，并以其专业性和高效率，最大限度地减少了对正常经营的干扰。规范、透明、公平且高效的执法实践，使监管对象感受到被尊重与信任，从而提升监管对象的满意度。
本研究结果显示，信息获取的难易程度和对卫生监督机构工作职责的了解程度均与监管对象的总体满意度显著正相关，表明良好的信息沟通和职责认知一定程度上能够提升满意度。与相关研究结果一致[10]。当监管对象能轻松获取法律法规、流程标准等信息时，他们能对执法活动建立更清晰的认知，减少因信息不对称导致的焦虑和抵触，促进监管对象主动适应监管要求。其次，当监管对象清楚了解机构的职能定位、执法范围及其维护公共卫生安全的工作宗旨时，他们更容易理解并认同执法措施的必要性与合理性。促使监管对象将执法视为保障社会公共利益的服务，而非单纯的权力干预。明确的职责认知消除了对执法权限和目的的疑虑，从而提升了对机构的整体信任感和对执法结果的接受度。
处罚情况对监管对象满意度具有显著负向影响，表明现行处罚机制在一定程度上制约了满意度的提升。相关研究指出，过度依赖处罚易引发监管对象的抵触情绪，降低其配合度与满意度[10]。也有研究强调，合理处罚与指导服务的结合能有效提升满意度与监管效能[11]。同时，体验感良好并不等同于未履行处罚责任。规范合理的处罚措施也是体验感的重要组成部分。监管对象对于处罚的接受度不仅取决于处罚本身，还与处罚前的沟通解释、处罚过程的公正性以及处罚后的指导帮扶等密切相关。例如，若在处罚前能充分向监管对象说明违规行为的危害性及处罚依据，在处罚过程中严格遵循法定程序，在处罚后能积极提供整改措施指导与跟踪服务，即使进行了处罚，监管对象也可能会因感受到公平与尊重而具有较高的体验感。
对此，建议重点关注弱势地区和监管对象，进一步创新监管手段，进一步规范执法行为、强化监督力度；大力提升监管对象的法规意识，优化信息获取渠道和方式；积极优化处罚机制、完善后续服务，平衡处罚与指导的关系，以提升监管对象的体验感。同时，本研究存在一定局限性：便利抽样法可能导致样本代表性不足，影响研究结果的普遍性；通过横断面研究仅能揭示变量间的关联性，难以确定因果关系；问卷调查存在社会期望偏差风险，可能使数据真实性有所偏差。

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2026年第42卷第7期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148147
  • 接收时间：2025-06-09
  • 首发时间：2026-10-23
  • 出版时间：2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-09
  • 修回日期：2025-09-21
  • 录用日期：2026-03-10
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    1上海交通大学公共卫生学院，上海 201318
    2上海中医药大学公共健康学院，上海 201203

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荆丽梅，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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