Article(id=1320438357679784942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438244077056901, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1148130, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=1757001600000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-05, acceptedDate=1764000000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineDate=1792746637029, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746637029, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746637029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746637029, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438244077056901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='641', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746609943, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748036545, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444227734065468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438244077056901, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444227734065469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438244077056901, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=645, endPage=652, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438357876917231, articleId=1320438357679784942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Effects of paternal and maternal emotional symptoms on sleep disturbances in Chinese preschoolers: a cross-sectional study, 2024, columnId=1320438245473760135, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Focus on Child and Adolescent Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the associations between paternal and maternal emotional symptoms and sleep disturbances in Chinese preschoolers, providing evidence for the prevention and control of childhood sleep disturbances.

Methods

From September to October 2024, a multi-stage random sampling method was used to recruit 3 749 children from 12 kindergartens in Hefei city, Anhui province. Parents completed emotional self-rating scales, while mothers provided information on household characteristics and children′s sleep disturbances. Parent-child data were linked, and multivariate logistic regression models were established to examine the associations between paternal and maternal emotional symptoms and sleep disturbances in preschoolers.

Results

The prevalence of sleep disturbances among preschoolers was 4.11%. Paternal and maternal symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress were all associated with an increased risk of sleep disturbances in preschoolers (P < 0.001 for all). Co-exposure to paternal and maternal negative emotional symptoms further elevated the risk of sleep disturbances (P < 0.001). With no paternal or maternal anxiety as the reference group, regression analysis suggested increased risk of sleep disturbances for boys in the groups of no paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR = 6.87, 95%CI: 4.07–11.59) and both paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR=8.80, 95%CI: 3.87–20.01). For girls, elevated risks were observed in the groups of paternal anxiety and no maternal anxiety (OR = 5.01, 95%CI: 2.44–10.29), no paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR = 7.57, 95%CI: 4.21–13.61), and both paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR = 12.56, 95%CI: 5.11–30.90). With no paternal or maternal depression as reference, boys demonstrated higher risk of sleep disturbances in the groups of no paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 5.26, 95%CI: 3.03–9.11) and both paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 8.39, 95%CI: 3.17-22.22). Among girls, increased risks were found in the groups of paternal depression and no maternal depression (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.02-6.22), no paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 3.30, 95%CI: 1.74–6.27), and both paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 19.99, 95%CI: 8.68–46.05). With no paternal or maternal stress as reference, regression analysis indicated elevated risk of sleep disturbances for boys in the groups of no paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 5.75, 95%CI: 3.19–10.36) and both paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 12.19, 95%CI: 3.05–48.65). For girls, higher risks were observed in the groups of paternal stress and no maternal stress (OR = 4.28, 95%CI: 2.04–8.96), no paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: 1.35–5.69), and both paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 14.09, 95%CI: 3.89–51.10).

Conclusions

Paternal and maternal negative emotional symptoms are associated with an increased risk of sleep disturbances in preschoolers. Special attention should be paid to children whose mothers exhibit negative emotional symptoms and those with both parents affected, particularly to girls.

, authors=Xiaoyan WANG1, 2, Han YUAN3, Gangzhu YIN1, 2, Yu SUN1, 2, Feng GUO1, 2, Yuhui WAN4, Haili HU2, authorsList=Xiaoyan WANG, Han YUAN, Gangzhu YIN, Yu SUN, Feng GUO, Yuhui WAN, Haili HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haili HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HU Haili, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438358711583733, articleId=1320438357679784942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍关联:一项2024年现况研究, columnId=1320438247243756426, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——关注儿童青少年健康, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的关联,为儿童睡眠障碍防控提供依据。

方法

于2024年9—10月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取安徽省合肥市12所幼儿园3 749名儿童,由父母分别填写情绪自评量表,由母亲填写家庭一般情况和儿童睡眠障碍问卷,通过儿童相关信息关联父母问卷,建立多因素logistic回归模型分析父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的关联。

结果

学龄前儿童睡眠障碍检出率为4.11%。父母有焦虑症状、抑郁症状、压力症状均与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍问题的发生风险增加有关(均P<0.001)。以父母均无焦虑为参照进行回归分析发现,父亲无焦虑母亲有焦虑(OR=6.87,95%CI=4.07~11.59)、父亲有焦虑母亲有焦虑(OR=8.80,95%CI=3.87~20.01)与男童睡眠障碍风险增高有关;父亲有焦虑母亲无焦虑(OR=5.01,95%CI=2.44~10.29)、父亲无焦虑母亲有焦虑(OR=7.57,95%CI=4.21~13.61)、父母均有焦虑(OR=12.56,95%CI=5.11~30.90)与女童睡眠障碍风险增高有关。以父母均无抑郁为参照进行回归分析发现,父亲无抑郁母亲有抑郁(OR=5.26,95%CI=3.03~9.11)、父母均有抑郁(OR=8.39,95%CI=3.17~22.22)与男童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关;父亲有抑郁母亲无抑郁(OR=2.52,95%CI=1.02~6.22)、父亲无抑郁母亲有抑郁(OR=3.30,95%CI=1.74~6.27)、父母均有抑郁(OR=19.99,95%CI=8.68~46.05)与女童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关;以父母均无压力为参照进行回归分析发现,父亲无压力母亲有压力(OR=5.75,95%CI=3.19~10.36)、父母均有压力(OR=12.19,95%CI=3.05~48.65)与男童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关;父亲有压力母亲无压力(OR=4.28,95%CI=2.04~8.96)、父亲无压力母亲有压力(OR=2.78,95%CI=1.35~5.69)、父母均有压力(OR=14.09,95%CI=3.89~51.10)与女童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关。

结论

父母有负性情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍问题风险的增加相关,应关注母亲有负性情绪症状以及父母均有负性情绪症状的儿童,尤其需要关注对女童的影响。

, authors=汪小燕1, 2, 袁晗3, 殷刚柱1, 2, 孙瑜1, 2, 郭锋1, 2, 万宇辉4, 胡海利2, *, *, authorsList=汪小燕, 袁晗, 殷刚柱, 孙瑜, 郭锋, 万宇辉, 胡海利, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡海利, authorNote=

汪小燕(1983—),副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:儿童身心健康

, correspAuthorsNote=
胡海利,E-mail:
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汪小燕(1983—),副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:儿童身心健康

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Detection of sleep disturbances in preschoolers with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数睡眠障碍χ2值P值
人数检出率/%
性别男童1 985793.980.1750.676
女童1 764754.25
孩次顺位1孩1 953995.079.5650.002
非1孩1 796553.06
Green评分低水平1 233473.814.7670.092
中水平1 191615.12
高水平1 248433.45
主要照料人父母2 9461023.4614.546<0.001
其他人803526.48
户外活动时间/(h/d)≥22 9421063.608.8410.003
<2807485.95
视屏时间/(h/d)≤12 607823.1520.123<0.001
>11 142726.30
父亲焦虑症状无3 3801193.5230.045<0.001
有369359.49
父亲抑郁症状无35021263.6035.073<0.001
有2472811.34
父亲压力症状无35691333.7327.427<0.001
有1802111.67
母亲焦虑症状无3 240802.47162.672<0.001
有5097414.54
母亲抑郁症状无3 3741002.96112.055<0.001
有3755414.40
母亲压力症状无35091183.3672.230<0.001
有2403615.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320438364046737460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征学龄前儿童睡眠障碍检出情况比较

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特征分类调查人数睡眠障碍χ2值P值
人数检出率/%
性别男童1 985793.980.1750.676
女童1 764754.25
孩次顺位1孩1 953995.079.5650.002
非1孩1 796553.06
Green评分低水平1 233473.814.7670.092
中水平1 191615.12
高水平1 248433.45
主要照料人父母2 9461023.4614.546<0.001
其他人803526.48
户外活动时间/(h/d)≥22 9421063.608.8410.003
<2807485.95
视屏时间/(h/d)≤12 607823.1520.123<0.001
>11 142726.30
父亲焦虑症状无3 3801193.5230.045<0.001
有369359.49
父亲抑郁症状无35021263.6035.073<0.001
有2472811.34
父亲压力症状无35691333.7327.427<0.001
有1802111.67
母亲焦虑症状无3 240802.47162.672<0.001
有5097414.54
母亲抑郁症状无3 3741002.96112.055<0.001
有3755414.40
母亲压力症状无35091183.3672.230<0.001
有2403615.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320438364344533045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Logistic regression of paternal and maternal emotional symptoms with sleep disturbances in preschoolers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母情绪症状β值 $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值OR值95%CIP值
父亲
 焦虑症状1.0360.20724.9812.8191.877~4.232<0.001
 抑郁症状1.2420.22630.3063.4622.225~5.387<0.001
 压力症状1.2190.25423.0263.3842.057~5.569<0.001
母亲
 焦虑症状1.9080.176117.8166.7394.775~9.511<0.001
 抑郁症状1.6520.18480.2415.2193.636~7.492<0.001
 压力症状1.5200.21052.5574.5743.032~6.900<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438364420030518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍关联的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母情绪症状β值 $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值OR值95%CIP值
父亲
 焦虑症状1.0360.20724.9812.8191.877~4.232<0.001
 抑郁症状1.2420.22630.3063.4622.225~5.387<0.001
 压力症状1.2190.25423.0263.3842.057~5.569<0.001
母亲
 焦虑症状1.9080.176117.8166.7394.775~9.511<0.001
 抑郁症状1.6520.18480.2415.2193.636~7.492<0.001
 压力症状1.5200.21052.5574.5743.032~6.900<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438364503916600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Associations of paternal and maternal emotional symptoms with sleep disturbances in preschoolers of different genders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量分类男童女童
调查
人数
睡眠障碍OR值95%CI调查
人数
睡眠障碍OR值95%CI
人数检出率/%人数检出率/%
父亲焦虑症状无1 794653.621.001 586543.401.00
有191147.331.871.00~3.511782111.804.012.32~6.93 b
父亲抑郁症状无1 854683.671.001 648583.521.00
有131118.402.421.23~4.75 a1161714.664.782.62~8.71 b
父亲压力症状无1 900723.791.001 669613.651.00
有8578.242.220.98~5.04951414.744.732.48~9.02 b
母亲焦虑症状无1 713392.281.001 527412.691.00
有2724014.717.204.48~11.59 b2373414.356.123.69~10.14 b
母亲抑郁症状无1 792512.851.001 582493.101.00
有1932814.515.433.28~8.97 b1822614.294.822.85~8.15 b
母亲压力症状无1 863583.111.001 646603.651.00
有1222117.216.033.47~10.48 b1181512.713.121.66~5.86 b
), ArticleFig(id=1320438364587802681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

父母情绪症状与不同性别儿童睡眠障碍关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量分类男童女童
调查
人数
睡眠障碍OR值95%CI调查
人数
睡眠障碍OR值95%CI
人数检出率/%人数检出率/%
父亲焦虑症状无1 794653.621.001 586543.401.00
有191147.331.871.00~3.511782111.804.012.32~6.93 b
父亲抑郁症状无1 854683.671.001 648583.521.00
有131118.402.421.23~4.75 a1161714.664.782.62~8.71 b
父亲压力症状无1 900723.791.001 669613.651.00
有8578.242.220.98~5.04951414.744.732.48~9.02 b
母亲焦虑症状无1 713392.281.001 527412.691.00
有2724014.717.204.48~11.59 b2373414.356.123.69~10.14 b
母亲抑郁症状无1 792512.851.001 582493.101.00
有1932814.515.433.28~8.97 b1822614.294.822.85~8.15 b
母亲压力症状无1 863583.111.001 646603.651.00
有1222117.216.033.47~10.48 b1181512.713.121.66~5.86 b
), ArticleFig(id=1320438364826878010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Combined effects of paternal and maternal emotional symptoms on sleep disturbances in preschoolers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母情绪症状比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值OR值95%CIP值
焦虑父有母无父无母无1.170.2916.603.201.83~5.61<0.001
父无母有2.010.20102.487.425.04~10.94<0.001
父有母有2.350.3158.1710.485.73~19.17<0.001
抑郁父有母无父无母无0.800.335.802.231.16~4.290.016
父无母有1.480.2148.704.382.89~6.62<0.001
父有母有2.600.3267.7113.527.27~25.14<0.001
压力父有母无父无母无1.110.3013.533.041.68~5.50<0.001
父无母有1.460.2340.574.322.75~6.77<0.001
父有母有2.600.4829.7713.505.30~34.37<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438364923347003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同组别父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍关联的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母情绪症状比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值OR值95%CIP值
焦虑父有母无父无母无1.170.2916.603.201.83~5.61<0.001
父无母有2.010.20102.487.425.04~10.94<0.001
父有母有2.350.3158.1710.485.73~19.17<0.001
抑郁父有母无父无母无0.800.335.802.231.16~4.290.016
父无母有1.480.2148.704.382.89~6.62<0.001
父有母有2.600.3267.7113.527.27~25.14<0.001
压力父有母无父无母无1.110.3013.533.041.68~5.50<0.001
父无母有1.460.2340.574.322.75~6.77<0.001
父有母有2.600.4829.7713.505.30~34.37<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438365200171068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Combined effects of paternal and maternal emotional symptoms on sleep disturbances in preschool boys and girls

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母情绪症状比较组参照组男童女童
OR值95%CIOR值95%CI
焦虑父有母无父无母无1.360.47~3.915.012.44~10.29 b
父无母有6.874.07~11.59 b7.574.21~13.61 b
父有母有8.803.87~20.01 b12.565.11~30.90 b
抑郁父有母无父无母无1.940.75~5.022.521.02~6.22 a
父无母有5.263.03~9.11 b3.301.74~6.27 b
父有母有8.393.17~22.22 b19.998.68~46.05 b
压力父有母无父无母无1.790.63~5.144.282.04~8.96 b
父无母有5.753.19~10.36 b2.781.35~5.69 a
父有母有12.193.05~48.65 b14.093.89~51.10 b
), ArticleFig(id=1320438365279862845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438357679784942, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同组别父母情绪症状对学龄前儿童睡眠障碍关联的多因素分析的性别差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
父母情绪症状比较组参照组男童女童
OR值95%CIOR值95%CI
焦虑父有母无父无母无1.360.47~3.915.012.44~10.29 b
父无母有6.874.07~11.59 b7.574.21~13.61 b
父有母有8.803.87~20.01 b12.565.11~30.90 b
抑郁父有母无父无母无1.940.75~5.022.521.02~6.22 a
父无母有5.263.03~9.11 b3.301.74~6.27 b
父有母有8.393.17~22.22 b19.998.68~46.05 b
压力父有母无父无母无1.790.63~5.144.282.04~8.96 b
父无母有5.753.19~10.36 b2.781.35~5.69 a
父有母有12.193.05~48.65 b14.093.89~51.10 b
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父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍关联:一项2024年现况研究
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汪小燕 1, 2 , 袁晗 3 , 殷刚柱 1, 2 , 孙瑜 1, 2 , 郭锋 1, 2 , 万宇辉 4 , 胡海利 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——关注儿童青少年健康 2026,42(6): 645-652
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——关注儿童青少年健康 2026 , 42 (6) : 645 -652
父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍关联:一项2024年现况研究
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汪小燕1, 2, 袁晗3, 殷刚柱1, 2, 孙瑜1, 2, 郭锋1, 2, 万宇辉4, 胡海利2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1合肥市妇女儿童保健中心,合肥 230001
  • 2合肥市妇幼保健院,合肥 230001
  • 3深圳大学教育学部,深圳 518060
  • 4安徽医科大学公共卫生学院,合肥 230032
通讯作者:
胡海利,E-mail:
作者简介:

汪小燕(1983—),副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:儿童身心健康

Effects of paternal and maternal emotional symptoms on sleep disturbances in Chinese preschoolers: a cross-sectional study, 2024
Xiaoyan WANG1, 2, Han YUAN3, Gangzhu YIN1, 2, Yu SUN1, 2, Feng GUO1, 2, Yuhui WAN4, Haili HU2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Child Healthcare, Hefei Women and Children Medical Care Center/Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
  • 2Faculty of Education of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • 3Faculty of Education of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • 4School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HU Haili, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148130
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目的

分析父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的关联,为儿童睡眠障碍防控提供依据。

方法

于2024年9—10月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取安徽省合肥市12所幼儿园3 749名儿童,由父母分别填写情绪自评量表,由母亲填写家庭一般情况和儿童睡眠障碍问卷,通过儿童相关信息关联父母问卷,建立多因素logistic回归模型分析父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的关联。

结果

学龄前儿童睡眠障碍检出率为4.11%。父母有焦虑症状、抑郁症状、压力症状均与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍问题的发生风险增加有关(均P<0.001)。以父母均无焦虑为参照进行回归分析发现,父亲无焦虑母亲有焦虑(OR=6.87,95%CI=4.07~11.59)、父亲有焦虑母亲有焦虑(OR=8.80,95%CI=3.87~20.01)与男童睡眠障碍风险增高有关;父亲有焦虑母亲无焦虑(OR=5.01,95%CI=2.44~10.29)、父亲无焦虑母亲有焦虑(OR=7.57,95%CI=4.21~13.61)、父母均有焦虑(OR=12.56,95%CI=5.11~30.90)与女童睡眠障碍风险增高有关。以父母均无抑郁为参照进行回归分析发现,父亲无抑郁母亲有抑郁(OR=5.26,95%CI=3.03~9.11)、父母均有抑郁(OR=8.39,95%CI=3.17~22.22)与男童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关;父亲有抑郁母亲无抑郁(OR=2.52,95%CI=1.02~6.22)、父亲无抑郁母亲有抑郁(OR=3.30,95%CI=1.74~6.27)、父母均有抑郁(OR=19.99,95%CI=8.68~46.05)与女童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关;以父母均无压力为参照进行回归分析发现,父亲无压力母亲有压力(OR=5.75,95%CI=3.19~10.36)、父母均有压力(OR=12.19,95%CI=3.05~48.65)与男童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关;父亲有压力母亲无压力(OR=4.28,95%CI=2.04~8.96)、父亲无压力母亲有压力(OR=2.78,95%CI=1.35~5.69)、父母均有压力(OR=14.09,95%CI=3.89~51.10)与女童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关。

结论

父母有负性情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍问题风险的增加相关,应关注母亲有负性情绪症状以及父母均有负性情绪症状的儿童,尤其需要关注对女童的影响。

父母  /  负性情绪症状  /  儿童  /  睡眠障碍  /  合肥市
Objective

To analyze the associations between paternal and maternal emotional symptoms and sleep disturbances in Chinese preschoolers, providing evidence for the prevention and control of childhood sleep disturbances.

Methods

From September to October 2024, a multi-stage random sampling method was used to recruit 3 749 children from 12 kindergartens in Hefei city, Anhui province. Parents completed emotional self-rating scales, while mothers provided information on household characteristics and children′s sleep disturbances. Parent-child data were linked, and multivariate logistic regression models were established to examine the associations between paternal and maternal emotional symptoms and sleep disturbances in preschoolers.

Results

The prevalence of sleep disturbances among preschoolers was 4.11%. Paternal and maternal symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress were all associated with an increased risk of sleep disturbances in preschoolers (P < 0.001 for all). Co-exposure to paternal and maternal negative emotional symptoms further elevated the risk of sleep disturbances (P < 0.001). With no paternal or maternal anxiety as the reference group, regression analysis suggested increased risk of sleep disturbances for boys in the groups of no paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR = 6.87, 95%CI: 4.07–11.59) and both paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR=8.80, 95%CI: 3.87–20.01). For girls, elevated risks were observed in the groups of paternal anxiety and no maternal anxiety (OR = 5.01, 95%CI: 2.44–10.29), no paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR = 7.57, 95%CI: 4.21–13.61), and both paternal anxiety and maternal anxiety (OR = 12.56, 95%CI: 5.11–30.90). With no paternal or maternal depression as reference, boys demonstrated higher risk of sleep disturbances in the groups of no paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 5.26, 95%CI: 3.03–9.11) and both paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 8.39, 95%CI: 3.17-22.22). Among girls, increased risks were found in the groups of paternal depression and no maternal depression (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.02-6.22), no paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 3.30, 95%CI: 1.74–6.27), and both paternal depression and maternal depression (OR = 19.99, 95%CI: 8.68–46.05). With no paternal or maternal stress as reference, regression analysis indicated elevated risk of sleep disturbances for boys in the groups of no paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 5.75, 95%CI: 3.19–10.36) and both paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 12.19, 95%CI: 3.05–48.65). For girls, higher risks were observed in the groups of paternal stress and no maternal stress (OR = 4.28, 95%CI: 2.04–8.96), no paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: 1.35–5.69), and both paternal stress and maternal stress (OR = 14.09, 95%CI: 3.89–51.10).

Conclusions

Paternal and maternal negative emotional symptoms are associated with an increased risk of sleep disturbances in preschoolers. Special attention should be paid to children whose mothers exhibit negative emotional symptoms and those with both parents affected, particularly to girls.

parents  /  negative emotional symptoms  /  children  /  sleep disturbances  /  Hefei city
汪小燕, 袁晗, 殷刚柱, 孙瑜, 郭锋, 万宇辉, 胡海利. 父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍关联:一项2024年现况研究. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (6) : 645 -652 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148130
Xiaoyan WANG, Han YUAN, Gangzhu YIN, Yu SUN, Feng GUO, Yuhui WAN, Haili HU. Effects of paternal and maternal emotional symptoms on sleep disturbances in Chinese preschoolers: a cross-sectional study, 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (6) : 645 -652 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148130
近年来,儿童睡眠障碍一直是国内外研究的热点。儿童睡眠障碍是指儿童在夜间入睡或保持睡眠状态有困难,或者白天过度困倦,影响其正常的睡眠质量、时间或模式[1]。学龄前儿童常见的睡眠障碍表现为入睡困难、夜醒、夜间恐惧和噩梦、睡前问题、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、睡眠呼吸障碍和觉醒障碍[2]。这些问题不仅会影响儿童的生长发育、骨骼硬度、认知学习能力[3–5],还可能导致行为问题、情绪障碍等心理健康问题[6–8]。随着社会的发展,生活节奏的变化,父母在生活、学习和工作的过程中容易产生抑郁、焦虑和压力等负性情绪症状[9–10]。父母的不良情绪症状不仅严重影响其自身健康[11–12],还有可能对其子代的心理、身体、行为及智力发育有负性影响[13–15]。学龄前儿童处于生长发育的早期阶段,易受家庭环境的影响[16–17]。既往研究主要聚焦母亲负面情绪症状对儿童睡眠的影响[18],将父亲情绪症状纳入研究对全面理解双亲负面情绪共同影响儿童睡眠障碍至关重要。本研究于2024年9—10月对安徽省合肥市幼儿园3 749名学龄前儿童进行调查,探讨父母情绪症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍间关联,为早期发现和预防儿童睡眠障碍,促进儿童身心发展提供科学依据。
于2024年9—10月,采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从合肥市全部4 个县、4 个主城区、3 个开发区随机抽取2个县、2个主城区、2个开发区,每个区域随机整群抽取幼儿园2所,将父母知情同意后愿意参加本次调查的儿童纳入调查。包括大、中、小班儿童,共调查4 280人,采用相同问卷分别对父、母亲进行调查,收集母亲问卷4 197份,父亲问卷3 772份,去除重复填写、有明显逻辑错误的问卷,共收集父、母均有效问卷3 749份。其中男童1 985 人(52.95%),女童1 764人(47.05%),儿童年龄为 3~6 岁,平均年龄(4.33±0.97)岁。本研究由安徽医科大学伦理委员会审批(批号:20210655)。
调查采用安徽医科大学公共卫生学院统一编制的“家庭环境因素与儿童心理健康”问卷,问卷内容包括家庭基本情况、父母情绪自评量表、儿童睡眠障碍调查量表等。在家长知情同意情况下,由儿童父母亲分别通过问卷星填写电子问卷,由父母自评情绪症状,由母亲填写家庭基本情况和儿童睡眠障碍量表。通过儿童姓名、幼儿园名称、年级、班级、出生日期等信息进行关联。调查员为各区儿童保健托幼项目负责人员,均为医师及以上资质,调查前接受项目的统一培训考核。在幼儿园教师的协助下召开线上家长会,由调查员向儿童家长介绍调查意义和填写问卷的方法,家长在知情同意后填写电子问卷,质控员审核电子问卷,发现问题及时查缺补漏。
主要包括儿童性别、孩次的顺位、主要照料人、户外活动时间、视屏时间、父母文化水平、父母职业。每天白天户外活动时间≥ 2 h 定义为户外活动时间充足,< 2 h 定义为户外活动时间不足[19]。视屏时间是指儿童每日看电视、手机、电脑等电子产品的累计时间,屏幕时间≤1 h/d界定为屏幕时间达标,>1 h/d为屏幕时间超标[20–21]。
采用情绪自评量表(‌Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, DASS-21)[22],根据父母回答问卷前1周的情况填写。量表由抑郁症状、焦虑症状和压力症状3个维度组成 。一共包含21个条目,采用Likert 4级评分法,以“0(不符合),1(有时符合),2(常常符合),3(总是符合)”表示,各维度得分总和×2的分值表示为抑郁症状、焦虑症状和压力症状的分值。各维度总分为0~42分,得分越高,表明存在相应的症状越严重[23]。抑郁症状、焦虑症状、压力症状维度得分分别≥10、≥8、≥15分表明存在该症状[22]。本研究中父、母情绪量表的 Cronbach′s α系数均为0.93。
采用中文版学龄前儿童睡眠障碍量表(Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, SDSC),2013 年ROMEO等[24]将儿童睡眠紊乱量表用于评估 3~6 岁的儿童睡眠情况,2023年陈先睿等[25]对量表引进与汉化。中文版学龄前 SDSC 共 23 个条目、6 个维度,其中包含2 个评估总睡眠时间与入睡时间的条目,其余 21 个条目均为评估学龄前儿童不良睡眠问题发生的频率(“从不”“1~2 次/月”“1~2 次/周”“3~5 次/周”“>5次/周”,评分分别为 1~5 分),包括入睡困难(disorders of initiating sleep, DIS)、睡眠维持障碍(disorders of maintaining sleep, DMS)、过度出汗(sleep hyperhidrosis, SHY)、睡眠呼吸困难(sleep breathing disorders, SBD)、 异态睡眠(parasomnias, PARA)及过度嗜睡(nonrestorative sleep and excessive somnolence, NRSES)。总分经 T 转换后可进行各维度评分和量表总分的比较,转换公式:T-score=50+(受试者成绩–样本均数)/ 标准差×10;转换后总评分(T-score)>70 分可定义为睡眠障碍[25],量表总评分越高,提示睡眠障碍越严重。本研究中该量表Cronbach′s α为0.82。
Green在1970年提出对人群社会地位属性进行评分的概念方法,是用来衡量社会经济地位的工具,Green将教育、职业分别进行赋分,得到不同权重,计算得到社会经济地位(the socioeconomic status, SES),本研究使用其中的两因子指数公式即社会经济地位=(0.7×父母教育+0.4×父母职业),使用百分位数法将社会经济地位等分为3个水平,即低水平(<33.3%)、中水平(33.3% ~66.7%)和高水平(>66.7%)[26]。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行分析。比较不同组别儿童睡眠障碍检出率的差异采用χ2检验,以父母亲各维度情绪症状发生情况(0=无,1=有)为自变量,以儿童睡眠障碍的发生情况(0=无,1=有)为因变量,控制相关混杂因素,建立logistic回归模型分析父母情绪症状与儿童睡眠障碍的关联及性别差异。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
共调查3 749名儿童,其中男童1 985 人(52.95%),女童1 764人(47.05%)。有睡眠障碍儿童154人,检出率为4.11%。父亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状及压力症状负性情绪分别为369人(9.84%)、247人(6.59%)和180人(4.80%),母亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状及压力症状负性情绪分别为509人(13.58%)、375人(10.00%)和240人(6.40%);母亲焦虑症状、抑郁症状及压力症状检出率均高于父亲(均P<0.05)。
1孩家庭儿童睡眠障碍检出率高于非1孩家庭;父母照料儿童睡眠障碍检出率低于非父母照料儿童;儿童户外活动时间越少,睡眠障碍检出率越高;视屏时间越长,儿童睡眠障碍检出率越高。父亲、母亲分别有焦虑症状、抑郁症状以及压力症状儿童睡眠障碍检出率均高于父亲、母亲无焦虑症状、无抑郁症状以及无压力症状的儿童。
以父母焦虑症状、抑郁症状、压力症状为因变量(有=1,无=0),控制性别、孩次顺位、Green评分、主要照料人、户外活动时间、视屏时间混杂因素进行多因素logistic 回归分析,结果显示,父亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状、压力症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍问题的发生风险增加有关,OR(95%CI)值分别为(OR=2.819,95%CI=1.877~4.232)、(OR=3.462,95%CI=2.225~5.387)和(OR=3.384,95%CI=2.057~5.569)(均P<0.001)。母亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状、压力症状与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍问题的发生风险增加有关,OR(95%CI)值分别为(OR=6.739,95%CI=4.775~9.511)、(OR=5.219,95%CI=3.636~7.492)和(OR=4.574,95%CI=3.032~6.900)(均P<0.001)。
按性别分组后,以父母焦虑症状、抑郁症状、压力症状为因变量(有= 1,无= 0),控制相关混杂因素进行多因素logistic 回归分析,结果表明,父亲有抑郁症状与男童睡眠障碍风险增加有关;父亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状和压力症状与女童睡眠障碍问题风险增加有关。母亲有焦虑症状、抑郁症状、压力症状与男童、女童睡眠障碍风险增加均有关。
控制性别、孩次顺位、Green评分、主要照料人、户外活动时间、视屏时间混杂因素,以父亲、母亲无焦虑、抑郁、压力为参照进行回归分析结果显示,父亲有焦虑/抑郁/压力母亲无焦虑/抑郁/压力、父亲无焦虑/抑郁/压力母亲有焦虑/抑郁/压力和父亲母亲均有焦虑/抑郁/压力与儿童睡眠障碍的风险增高均有关(均P<0.001)。
按性别分组后,控制孩次顺位、Green评分、主要照料人、户外活动时间、视屏时间混杂因素,以父亲、母亲无焦虑、抑郁、压力为参照进行回归分析,结果显示,父亲无焦虑/抑郁/压力母亲有焦虑/抑郁/压力,父亲、母亲均有焦虑/抑郁/压力与男童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关(均P<0.001);父亲有焦虑/抑郁/压力母亲无焦虑/抑郁/压力、父亲无焦虑/抑郁/压力母亲有焦虑/抑郁/压力和父亲母亲均有焦虑/抑郁/压力与女童睡眠障碍的风险增高有关(均P<0.05)。
本研究结果表明,母亲焦虑、抑郁和压力症状的检出率均高于父亲,提示情绪症状风险可能存在性别差异。父母双方的焦虑、抑郁和压力症状均与儿童睡眠障碍显著相关,这与既往研究一致。如Amaerjiang N等[27]发现经历育儿压力的父母其子女更易出现睡眠问题;Byars K C等[28]在美国幼儿队列中证实育儿压力与睡眠障碍呈正相关;El-Sheikh M等[29]揭示母亲抑郁症状严重程度与儿童睡眠/觉醒问题相关,而父亲抑郁症状严重程度则与学龄儿童就寝程序缩短和睡眠时间减少相关;Dubois-Comtois K等[30]证明学龄前儿童睡眠问题与母亲焦虑相关而与父亲焦虑无关。父母负面情绪症状可能通过影响教养方式[31],导致亲子互动质量下降或教养方式趋于严厉,进而损害安全的亲子依恋关系,削弱父母应对儿童睡眠需求的能力,影响儿童睡眠节律[32–33]。此外,抑郁或压力母亲往往对子女的屏幕使用时间管理更为宽松[34],而过度屏幕暴露已被证实是儿童睡眠障碍的重要风险因素[35–36]。提示未来研究需要深入探讨教养方式、亲子关系、屏幕时间等因素在父母情绪症状与儿童睡眠障碍关系中的中介机制。
值得注意的是,本研究发现父母负面情绪症状对儿童睡眠障碍存在联合效应。当父母双方均存在情绪症状时,儿童出现睡眠障碍的风险最高,其次为母亲有负面情绪症状时。这一结果凸显了在儿童睡眠健康研究中综合考虑父母双方心理健康状况的重要性。虽然既往研究多聚焦父母单方面的影响[37–38],但新证据表明同时暴露于父母双方负面情绪症状的儿童健康风险更高[39]。这强调儿童睡眠研究中需同时考量双亲作用,不可忽视父亲贡献[37, 40]。母亲情绪症状与儿童睡眠障碍的强关联可能源于:(1)在中国传统文化背景下,母亲通常承担主要的育儿责任[41],而父亲更多参与经济供给而非日常照料[42],这种角色分工导致母亲情绪状态对儿童影响更为直接[43–44];(2)女性在情绪表达上通常比男性更为外显,使得母亲的情绪症状更容易被儿童感知和内化[45–46]。
本研究还揭示了父母情绪症状影响儿童睡眠的性别差异。具体表现为母亲各维度情绪症状均显著影响男、女童睡眠;而父亲情绪症状的影响则表现出子女的性别特异性,仅抑郁症状与男童睡眠障碍风险增加相关,但各维度症状均与女童风险升高相关。就联合效应而言,与父母均无症状者相比,仅父亲有症状母亲无症状时男童无显著风险,但其他症状组合均显著增加男女儿童风险。这种差异可能反映了不同性别儿童在情绪感知和调节机制上的本质区别:(1)依恋理论提示女童对父母情绪线索更敏感,更易形成焦虑型依恋模式[47];(2)女童更重视人际关系且亲子互动更频繁[48];(3)女童对负性刺激的神经行为反应更强,可能耗竭自我调节资源[49–50],直接或间接损害睡眠[51]。这些特点可能使其更易受到父母情绪状态的影响。然而,Weinberg M等[52]研究发现男婴对母亲抑郁症状反而表现出更强的敏感性,这种不一致性提示,在未来研究中采用更精细的测量方法和纵向设计,以阐明父母情绪影响不同性别儿童睡眠的具体机制及其发展轨迹。
本调查的优势为:同时调查父亲和母亲的情绪症状对儿童睡眠障碍的影响,在国内外的调查研究中少见。本研究发现了母亲、父亲情绪症状对儿童睡眠质量所起的不同作用及不同性别的儿童差异,为改善儿童睡眠质量、促进儿童健康成长提供了有益启示。首先,父母应重视情绪症状给儿童睡眠质量带来的消极作用,应尽可能避免负性情绪症状的发生,尤其是母亲负性情绪症状以及父母双方不良情绪的叠加;其次,在对儿童睡眠质量进行干预时,应考虑儿童性别差异性,尤其需要关注情绪症状对女童的影响。
本研究存在一些不足之处:(1)尽管目前研究证实了父母情绪症状与儿童睡眠障碍的关联,但对变量间的因果关系进行纵向追踪研究仍十分必要,追踪研究将为相关变量在因果关系上提供更令人信服的证据;(2)儿童睡眠障碍也可能受到视屏时间[53]、社区环境[54]等因素的影响。后期将在此基础上,进一步开展父母情绪症状共病、视屏时间、社区环境等与学龄前儿童睡眠障碍的队列研究。

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2026年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148130
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05
  • 修回日期:2025-09-05
  • 录用日期:2025-11-25
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    1合肥市妇女儿童保健中心,合肥 230001
    2合肥市妇幼保健院,合肥 230001
    3深圳大学教育学部,深圳 518060
    4安徽医科大学公共卫生学院,合肥 230032

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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