Article(id=1320438034013729084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147884, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746633600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-08, revisedDate=1752854400000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-19, acceptedDate=1756310400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-28, onlineDate=1792746559861, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746559861, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746559861, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746559861, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438006813672182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='257', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746553376, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748100383, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=314, endPage=318, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438034256998717, articleId=1320438034013729084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Trends in tuberculosis incidence and mortality and risk factors for death in the Belt and Road partner countries from 1990 to 2021: based on GBD 2021 database, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the trends in tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality and the main risk factors for TB deaths in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) partner countries from 1990 to 2021, thus providing a reference for the rational allocation of health resources and the development of more scientific and reasonable prevention and control strategies for TB.

Methods

Data on TB incidence, mortality, and deaths attributable to TB risk factors in 155 BRI partner countries from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Descriptive analysis and Joinpoint regression model were employed to analyze the trends of TB incidence and mortality and the attribution of risk factors for TB death in the BRI partner countries.

Results

The incidence and mortality of TB in the BRI partner countries showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and mortality of TB decreased from 294.607 per 100 000 and 71.189 per 100 000 to 164.704 per 100 000 and 27.482 per 100 000 in Africa (52 countries), from 216.976 per 100 000 and 45.161 per 100 000 to 123.890 per 100 000 and 17.706 per 100 000 in Asia (41 countries), from 68.702 per 100 000 and 5.301 per 100 000 to 39.278 per 100 000 and 2.655 per 100 000 in Europe (27 countries), from 45.607 per 100 000 and 8.652 per 100 000 to 25.072 per 100 000 and 3.471 per 100 000 in North America (13 countries), from 79.327 per 100 000 and 22.496 per 100 000 to 72.417 per 100 000 and 15.767 per 100 000 in Oceania (12 countries), and from 61.993 per 100 000 and 10.340 per 100 000 to 33.563 per 100 000 and 3.172 per 100 000 in South America (10 countries). The average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in TB incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2021 were –1.87% and –3.05%, –1.78% and –2.98%, –1.97% and –2.25%, –1.95% and –2.92%, –0.21% and –1.04%, –1.95% and –3.69%, respectively (all P < 0.05). The number of TB deaths attributable to smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes in the BRI partner countries in 1990 and 2021 were 126 861 and 87 786, 71 705 and 76 814, and 53 808 and 78 468, respectively. Among the risk factors, smoking had consistently been identified as the leading risk factor for TB death. The number of TB deaths attributable to diabetes increased in Africa, Asia, North America, Oceania, and South America in 2021 compared with that in 1990.

Conclusions

The incidence and mortality of TB in the 155 BRI partner countries showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2021. Smoking remained the key risk factor for TB death, while the number of deaths attributable to diabetes increased.

, authors=Yaping LIU1, Lin WU1, Junping LIU1, Yue ZHOU1, Xinle YIN1, Yiyan TANG2, Lihan ZHANG1, Yunkai LI1, Juan GUAN1, Yanfu WANG3, Libo LIANG1, authorsList=Yaping LIU, Lin WU, Junping LIU, Yue ZHOU, Xinle YIN, Yiyan TANG, Lihan ZHANG, Yunkai LI, Juan GUAN, Yanfu WANG, Libo LIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Libo LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIANG Libo, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438036077326655, articleId=1320438034013729084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=1990—2021年“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病和死亡变化趋势及其死亡危险因素归因分析:基于GBD 2021数据库, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病和死亡的变化趋势及其死亡的主要危险因素,为合理配置卫生资源以及制定更科学合理的结核病防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

从2021全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2021)数据库中提取1990—2021年155个“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病率、死亡率和结核病死亡危险因素归因死亡数等相关数据,采用描述性分析和Joinpoint回归模型对“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病和死亡变化趋势以及死亡危险因素归因情况进行分析。

结果

“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病率和死亡率均呈总体下降趋势,非洲52个国家、亚洲41个国家、欧洲27个国家、北美洲13个国家、大洋洲12个国家、南美洲10个国家结核病的发病率和死亡率分别从1990年的294.607/10万和71.189/10万、216.976/10万和45.161/10万、68.702/10万和5.301/10万、45.607/10万和8.652/10万、79.327/10万和22.496/10万、61.993/10万和10.340/10万分别下降到2021年的164.704/10万和27.482/10万、123.890/10万和17.706/10万、39.278/10万和2.655/10万、25.072/10万和3.471/10万、72.417/10万和15.767/10万、33.563/10万和3.172/10万,1990—2021年结核病发病率和死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)分别为–1.87%和–3.05%、–1.78%和–2.98%、–1.97%和–2.25%、–1.95%和–2.92%、–0.21%和–1.04%、–1.95%和–3.69%(均P<0.05);1990年和2021年“一带一路”共建国家结核病死亡归因为吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病三大危险因素的死亡数分别为126 861例和87 786例、71 705例和76 814例、53 808例和78 468例;其中,吸烟一直为结核病死亡的最主要危险因素,而非洲、亚洲、北美洲、大洋洲和南美洲2021年结核病死亡归因为糖尿病的死亡数却均较1990年有所增加。

结论

155个“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病率与死亡率均呈总体下降趋势,结核病死亡的最主要危险因素仍然为吸烟,但归因为糖尿病的死亡数有所增加。

, authors=刘雅萍1, 吴琳1, 刘俊萍1, 周玥1, 尹新乐1, 唐易焱2, 张莉晗1, 李云楷1, 管娟1, 王彦富3, 梁立波1, *, *, authorsList=刘雅萍, 吴琳, 刘俊萍, 周玥, 尹新乐, 唐易焱, 张莉晗, 李云楷, 管娟, 王彦富, 梁立波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梁立波, authorNote=

刘雅萍(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:人群健康;结核病预防与控制

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梁立波,E-mail:
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刘雅萍(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:人群健康;结核病预防与控制

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J Epidemiol Glob Health, 2020, 10(1): 107-111., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438049444573609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钱姣, 姜洁, 朱立国, 等. 江苏省部分地区社区人群结核病发病风险及危险因素分析[J]. 中国热带医学, 2022, 22(5): 400-405, 11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320438036295430464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438036312207681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, companyId=1320438036295430464, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438036320596290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, companyId=1320438036295430464, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,哈尔滨 150081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320438036396093763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438036400288068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, companyId=1320438036396093763, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438036408676677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, companyId=1320438036396093763, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院,哈尔滨 150001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320438036479979846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438036488368455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, companyId=1320438036479979846, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438036492562760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, companyId=1320438036479979846, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心,哈尔滨 150030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320438042201010574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Tuberculosis prevalence in the Belt and Road Initiative partner countries from 1990 to 2021

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区域发病率/(1/10万)死亡率/(1/10万)
1990年2021年年均变化率/%1990年2021年年均变化率/%
非洲(52个国家)294.607164.704–4.19071.18927.482–1.410
亚洲(41个国家)216.976123.890–3.00345.16117.706–0.886
欧洲(27个国家)68.70239.278–0.9495.3012.655–0.085
北美洲(13个国家)45.60725.072–0.6628.6523.471–0.167
大洋洲(12个国家)79.32772.417–0.22322.49615.767–0.217
南美洲(10个国家)61.99333.563–0.91710.3403.172–0.231
), ArticleFig(id=1320438042289090959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病流行情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域发病率/(1/10万)死亡率/(1/10万)
1990年2021年年均变化率/%1990年2021年年均变化率/%
非洲(52个国家)294.607164.704–4.19071.18927.482–1.410
亚洲(41个国家)216.976123.890–3.00345.16117.706–0.886
欧洲(27个国家)68.70239.278–0.9495.3012.655–0.085
北美洲(13个国家)45.60725.072–0.6628.6523.471–0.167
大洋洲(12个国家)79.32772.417–0.22322.49615.767–0.217
南美洲(10个国家)61.99333.563–0.91710.3403.172–0.231
), ArticleFig(id=1320438042364588432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Trends in tuberculosis incidence in the Belt and Road Initiative partner countries from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域APC/%
时段1
时段2
时段3
时段4
时段5
时段6
非洲(52个国家)1990—1994年–1.10 a1994—1999年–0.57 a1999—2002年–1.06 a2002—2006年–1.65 a2006—2011年–2.42 a2011—2021年–2.87 a
亚洲(41个国家)1990—1996年–1.50 a1996—1999年–2.22 a1999—2006年–1.97 a2006—2010年–2.27 a2010—2015年–1.97 a2015—2021年–1.13 a
欧洲(27个国家)1990—1994年2.39 a1994—2001年3.34 a2001—2006年–0.672006—2009年–9.38 a2009—2012年–6.79 a2012—2021年–4.36 a
北美洲(13个国家)1990—1995年–1.38 a1995—2000年–3.47 a2000—2003年–2.25 a2003—2010年–2.13 a2010—2016年–0.82 a2016—2021年–1.89 a
大洋洲(12个国家)1990—1995年0.041995—2005年–0.73 a2005—2010年0.54 a2010—2013年–0.032013—2017年–0.46 a2017—2021年–0.02
南美洲(10个国家)1990—1996年–2.31 a1996—2001年–3.42 a2001—2004年–3.86 a2004—2007年–1.72 a2007—2015年–1.37 a2015—2021年–0.25 a
), ArticleFig(id=1320438042444280209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域APC/%
时段1
时段2
时段3
时段4
时段5
时段6
非洲(52个国家)1990—1994年–1.10 a1994—1999年–0.57 a1999—2002年–1.06 a2002—2006年–1.65 a2006—2011年–2.42 a2011—2021年–2.87 a
亚洲(41个国家)1990—1996年–1.50 a1996—1999年–2.22 a1999—2006年–1.97 a2006—2010年–2.27 a2010—2015年–1.97 a2015—2021年–1.13 a
欧洲(27个国家)1990—1994年2.39 a1994—2001年3.34 a2001—2006年–0.672006—2009年–9.38 a2009—2012年–6.79 a2012—2021年–4.36 a
北美洲(13个国家)1990—1995年–1.38 a1995—2000年–3.47 a2000—2003年–2.25 a2003—2010年–2.13 a2010—2016年–0.82 a2016—2021年–1.89 a
大洋洲(12个国家)1990—1995年0.041995—2005年–0.73 a2005—2010年0.54 a2010—2013年–0.032013—2017年–0.46 a2017—2021年–0.02
南美洲(10个国家)1990—1996年–2.31 a1996—2001年–3.42 a2001—2004年–3.86 a2004—2007年–1.72 a2007—2015年–1.37 a2015—2021年–0.25 a
), ArticleFig(id=1320438042578497938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Trends in tuberculosis mortality in the Belt and Road Initiative partner countries from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域APC/%
时段1时段2时段3时段4时段5时段6
非洲(52个国家)1990—1995年–1.27 a1995—2003年–2.16 a2003—2006年–3.13 a2006—2011年–4.31 a2011—2014年–3.35 a2014—2021年–4.28 a
亚洲(41个国家)1990—1992年–3.12 a1992—1997年–1.62 a1997—2003年–2.50 a2003—2006年–3.27 a2006—2014年–4.06 a2014—2021年–2.96 a
欧洲(27个国家)1990—1995年10.49 a1995—1998年–0.791998—2001年5.822001—2005年0.032005—2010年–6.27 a2010—2021年–8.92 a
北美洲(13个国家)1990—1994年–3.45 a1994—2002年–5.76 a2002—2005年–0.852005—2011年–2.82 a2011—2014年2.172014—2021年–2.43 a
大洋洲(12个国家)1990—2004年–1.00 a2004—2007年0.442007—2010年–1.62 a2010—2013年–0.382013—2017年–2.96 a2017—2021年–0.94
南美洲(10个国家)1990—1995年–3.34 a1995—2001年–6.55 a2001—2004年–4.59 a2004—2007年–5.51 a2007—2014年–3.00 a2014—2021年–0.94
), ArticleFig(id=1320438042725298579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病死亡率变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域APC/%
时段1时段2时段3时段4时段5时段6
非洲(52个国家)1990—1995年–1.27 a1995—2003年–2.16 a2003—2006年–3.13 a2006—2011年–4.31 a2011—2014年–3.35 a2014—2021年–4.28 a
亚洲(41个国家)1990—1992年–3.12 a1992—1997年–1.62 a1997—2003年–2.50 a2003—2006年–3.27 a2006—2014年–4.06 a2014—2021年–2.96 a
欧洲(27个国家)1990—1995年10.49 a1995—1998年–0.791998—2001年5.822001—2005年0.032005—2010年–6.27 a2010—2021年–8.92 a
北美洲(13个国家)1990—1994年–3.45 a1994—2002年–5.76 a2002—2005年–0.852005—2011年–2.82 a2011—2014年2.172014—2021年–2.43 a
大洋洲(12个国家)1990—2004年–1.00 a2004—2007年0.442007—2010年–1.62 a2010—2013年–0.382013—2017年–2.96 a2017—2021年–0.94
南美洲(10个国家)1990—1995年–3.34 a1995—2001年–6.55 a2001—2004年–4.59 a2004—2007年–5.51 a2007—2014年–3.00 a2014—2021年–0.94
), ArticleFig(id=1320438042796601748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Number of tuberculosis deaths attributable to three risk factors of smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes in the Belt and Road Initiative partner countries in 1990 and 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域吸烟饮酒糖尿病
1990年2021年1990年2021年1990年2021年
非洲(52个国家)32 08928 24243 83349 10020 19333 567
亚洲(41个国家)82 01753 68417 02422 16130 15741 432
欧洲(27个国家)8 0353 5355 7922 6971 4531 072
北美洲(13个国家)417271465313224304
大洋洲(12个国家)322457170208249456
南美洲(10个国家)3 9811 5974 4212 3351 5321637
合计126 86187 78671 70576 81453 80878 468
), ArticleFig(id=1320438042897265045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438034013729084, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

“一带一路”共建国家1990和2021年吸烟、饮酒和糖尿病3种危险因素所导致结核病死亡人数(例)

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区域吸烟饮酒糖尿病
1990年2021年1990年2021年1990年2021年
非洲(52个国家)32 08928 24243 83349 10020 19333 567
亚洲(41个国家)82 01753 68417 02422 16130 15741 432
欧洲(27个国家)8 0353 5355 7922 6971 4531 072
北美洲(13个国家)417271465313224304
大洋洲(12个国家)322457170208249456
南美洲(10个国家)3 9811 5974 4212 3351 5321637
合计126 86187 78671 70576 81453 80878 468
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1990—2021年“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病和死亡变化趋势及其死亡危险因素归因分析:基于GBD 2021数据库
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刘雅萍 1 , 吴琳 1 , 刘俊萍 1 , 周玥 1 , 尹新乐 1 , 唐易焱 2 , 张莉晗 1 , 李云楷 1 , 管娟 1 , 王彦富 3 , 梁立波 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(3): 314-318
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (3) : 314 -318
1990—2021年“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病和死亡变化趋势及其死亡危险因素归因分析:基于GBD 2021数据库
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刘雅萍1, 吴琳1, 刘俊萍1, 周玥1, 尹新乐1, 唐易焱2, 张莉晗1, 李云楷1, 管娟1, 王彦富3, 梁立波1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,哈尔滨 150081
  • 2哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院,哈尔滨 150001
  • 3黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心,哈尔滨 150030
通讯作者:
梁立波,E-mail:
作者简介:

刘雅萍(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:人群健康;结核病预防与控制

Trends in tuberculosis incidence and mortality and risk factors for death in the Belt and Road partner countries from 1990 to 2021: based on GBD 2021 database
Yaping LIU1, Lin WU1, Junping LIU1, Yue ZHOU1, Xinle YIN1, Yiyan TANG2, Lihan ZHANG1, Yunkai LI1, Juan GUAN1, Yanfu WANG3, Libo LIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
  • 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
  • 3Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIANG Libo, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147884
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目的

了解“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病和死亡的变化趋势及其死亡的主要危险因素,为合理配置卫生资源以及制定更科学合理的结核病防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

从2021全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2021)数据库中提取1990—2021年155个“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病率、死亡率和结核病死亡危险因素归因死亡数等相关数据,采用描述性分析和Joinpoint回归模型对“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病和死亡变化趋势以及死亡危险因素归因情况进行分析。

结果

“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病率和死亡率均呈总体下降趋势,非洲52个国家、亚洲41个国家、欧洲27个国家、北美洲13个国家、大洋洲12个国家、南美洲10个国家结核病的发病率和死亡率分别从1990年的294.607/10万和71.189/10万、216.976/10万和45.161/10万、68.702/10万和5.301/10万、45.607/10万和8.652/10万、79.327/10万和22.496/10万、61.993/10万和10.340/10万分别下降到2021年的164.704/10万和27.482/10万、123.890/10万和17.706/10万、39.278/10万和2.655/10万、25.072/10万和3.471/10万、72.417/10万和15.767/10万、33.563/10万和3.172/10万,1990—2021年结核病发病率和死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)分别为–1.87%和–3.05%、–1.78%和–2.98%、–1.97%和–2.25%、–1.95%和–2.92%、–0.21%和–1.04%、–1.95%和–3.69%(均P<0.05);1990年和2021年“一带一路”共建国家结核病死亡归因为吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病三大危险因素的死亡数分别为126 861例和87 786例、71 705例和76 814例、53 808例和78 468例;其中,吸烟一直为结核病死亡的最主要危险因素,而非洲、亚洲、北美洲、大洋洲和南美洲2021年结核病死亡归因为糖尿病的死亡数却均较1990年有所增加。

结论

155个“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病率与死亡率均呈总体下降趋势,结核病死亡的最主要危险因素仍然为吸烟,但归因为糖尿病的死亡数有所增加。

结核病  /  发病  /  死亡  /  趋势  /  危险因素  /  归因分析  /  “一带一路”共建国家
Objective

To understand the trends in tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality and the main risk factors for TB deaths in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) partner countries from 1990 to 2021, thus providing a reference for the rational allocation of health resources and the development of more scientific and reasonable prevention and control strategies for TB.

Methods

Data on TB incidence, mortality, and deaths attributable to TB risk factors in 155 BRI partner countries from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Descriptive analysis and Joinpoint regression model were employed to analyze the trends of TB incidence and mortality and the attribution of risk factors for TB death in the BRI partner countries.

Results

The incidence and mortality of TB in the BRI partner countries showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2021. From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and mortality of TB decreased from 294.607 per 100 000 and 71.189 per 100 000 to 164.704 per 100 000 and 27.482 per 100 000 in Africa (52 countries), from 216.976 per 100 000 and 45.161 per 100 000 to 123.890 per 100 000 and 17.706 per 100 000 in Asia (41 countries), from 68.702 per 100 000 and 5.301 per 100 000 to 39.278 per 100 000 and 2.655 per 100 000 in Europe (27 countries), from 45.607 per 100 000 and 8.652 per 100 000 to 25.072 per 100 000 and 3.471 per 100 000 in North America (13 countries), from 79.327 per 100 000 and 22.496 per 100 000 to 72.417 per 100 000 and 15.767 per 100 000 in Oceania (12 countries), and from 61.993 per 100 000 and 10.340 per 100 000 to 33.563 per 100 000 and 3.172 per 100 000 in South America (10 countries). The average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in TB incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2021 were –1.87% and –3.05%, –1.78% and –2.98%, –1.97% and –2.25%, –1.95% and –2.92%, –0.21% and –1.04%, –1.95% and –3.69%, respectively (all P < 0.05). The number of TB deaths attributable to smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes in the BRI partner countries in 1990 and 2021 were 126 861 and 87 786, 71 705 and 76 814, and 53 808 and 78 468, respectively. Among the risk factors, smoking had consistently been identified as the leading risk factor for TB death. The number of TB deaths attributable to diabetes increased in Africa, Asia, North America, Oceania, and South America in 2021 compared with that in 1990.

Conclusions

The incidence and mortality of TB in the 155 BRI partner countries showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2021. Smoking remained the key risk factor for TB death, while the number of deaths attributable to diabetes increased.

tuberculosis  /  incidence  /  mortality  /  trend  /  risk factors  /  attribution analysis  /  Belt and Road Initiative partner countries
刘雅萍, 吴琳, 刘俊萍, 周玥, 尹新乐, 唐易焱, 张莉晗, 李云楷, 管娟, 王彦富, 梁立波. 1990—2021年“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病和死亡变化趋势及其死亡危险因素归因分析:基于GBD 2021数据库. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (3) : 314 -318 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147884
Yaping LIU, Lin WU, Junping LIU, Yue ZHOU, Xinle YIN, Yiyan TANG, Lihan ZHANG, Yunkai LI, Juan GUAN, Yanfu WANG, Libo LIANG. Trends in tuberculosis incidence and mortality and risk factors for death in the Belt and Road partner countries from 1990 to 2021: based on GBD 2021 database[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (3) : 314 -318 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147884
结核病是一种由结核分枝杆菌引起且对肺部具有高度侵袭性的慢性传染病,对人类健康产生极大危害,其在全球特别是一些经济欠发达地区的流行率较高,作为一项重要的全球性公共卫生问题已受到世界广泛关注[1]。根据2024年世界卫生组织全球结核病报告,2023年全球结核病估算发病人数为1 080万例,估算发病率为134/10万,距2035年全面消除结核病的目标任重而道远[2]。近年来,尽管结核病防控在全球范围内已取得一定成效,但不同区域和国家的防控策略及效果仍相差甚远。“一带一路”共建国家多为经济欠发达地区,面临着人口众多和疾病管理困难的严峻挑战,自中国提出“一带一路”倡议(The Belt and Road Initiative, BRI)后[3],各共建国家联系日益紧密,人员往来频繁,传染病跨境传播风险也随之增加[4]。结核病作为一种慢性传染病,其传播速度快、感染范围广,对共建国家人民健康构成严重威胁,因此深化各国在结核病防治领域的国际合作,共同携手应对结核病高发态势显得尤为重要。为了解“一带一路”共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病和死亡的变化趋势及其死亡的主要危险因素,为合理配置卫生资源以及制定更科学合理的结核病防控策略提供参考依据,本研究从2021年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, GBD 2021)数据库中提取1990—2021年155个“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病率、死亡率和结核病死亡危险因素归因死亡数等相关数据,采用描述性分析和Joinpoint回归模型对“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病和死亡变化趋势以及死亡危险因素归因情况进行了分析。结果报告如下。
资料来源于GBD 2021公开数据库(https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2021),该数据库来自美国华盛顿大学健康指标和评估研究所(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, IHME)2021年牵头的全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study, GBD)项目,包含对全球204个国家和地区疾病、伤害及其相关危险因素的估算数据,其中结核病的危险因素包括吸烟、饮酒和糖尿病[5–6]。本研究从中提取1990—2021年155个“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病率、死亡率和结核病死亡危险因素归因死亡数等指标进行分析。本研究中结核病采用《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类(第十次修订本)》(International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Version 10, ICD-10)[7]进行分类和编码,编码为A15~A19。
采用Stata 17.0建立数据库,截至2025年4月,按照中国“一带一路”网(https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/country/),将155个“一带一路”共建国家划分为非洲(52个国家)、亚洲(41个国家)、欧洲(27个国家)、北美洲(13个国家)、大洋洲(12个国家)、南美洲(10个国家)共6个区域,按区域计算“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病率、死亡率和年均变化率等指标,其中年均变化率=(2021年发病率/死亡率–1990年发病率/死亡率)/(年份数–1),并对其1990—2021年结核病流行情况进行描述性分析。应用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.7.0.0采用Joinpoint回归模型通过计算年度变化百分比(annual percentage change, APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change, AAPC)分析1990—2021年6个区域155个“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病率和死亡率的时间变化趋势。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
“一带一路”6个区域155个共建国家中,1990年非洲52个国家结核病的发病率(294.607/10万)和死亡率(71.189/10万)均为最高,北美洲13个国家结核病的发病率(45.607/10万)和欧洲27个国家结核病的死亡率(5.301/10万)均为最低。2021年各区域结核病发病率排名与1990年基本一致,1990年南美洲10个国家结核病死亡率高于欧洲27个国家和北美洲13个国家,但其死亡率下降速率较快,到2021年结核病死亡率仅高于欧洲27个国家。与1990年比较,“一带一路”共建国家2021年结核病的发病率和死亡率均有所降低,发病率和死亡率下降幅度最大的区域均为非洲52个国家,年均变化率分别为–4.190%和–1.410%;发病率和死亡率下降幅度最小的区域分别为大洋洲12个国家和欧洲27个国家,年均变化率分别为–0.223%和–0.085%。
Joinpoint回归分析结果显示,“一带一路”6个区域155个共建国家1990—2021年结核病发病率和死亡率均呈总体下降趋势,其中非洲52个国家、亚洲41个国家、欧洲27个国家、北美洲13个国家、大洋洲12个国家、南美洲10个国家结核病发病率和死亡率的AAPC值分别为–1.87%和–3.05%、–1.78%和–2.98%、–1.97%和–2.25%、–1.95%和–2.92%、–0.21%和–1.04%、–1.95%和–3.69%(均P<0.05)。将1990—2021年分为6个时间段,“一带一路”大部分区域国家和时间段结核病的发病率和死亡率均呈下降趋势,但欧洲27个国家1990—1994年(APC=2.39%)和1994—2001年(APC=3.34%)的结核病发病率、大洋洲12个国家2005—2010年结核病发病率(APC=0.54%)以及欧洲27个国家1990—1995年结核病死亡率(APC=10.49%)上升趋势较为明显(均P<0.05)。
1990年和2021年“一带一路”6 个区域155个共建国家由吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病导致的结核病死亡人数分别为126 861例和87 786例、71 705例和76 814例、53 808例 和 78 468例 ;与1990年比较,2021年非洲52个国家、亚洲41个国家、欧洲27个国家、北美洲13个国家和南美洲10个国家5个区域共建国家由吸烟导致的结核病死亡人数均有所减少,欧洲27个国家、北美洲13个国家和南美洲10个国家3个区域共建国家由饮酒导致的结核病死亡人数均有所减少,而非洲52个国家、亚洲41个国家、北美洲13个国家、大洋洲12个国家和南美洲10个国家5个区域共建国家由糖尿病导致的结核病死亡人数则均有所增多。1990年由于吸烟、饮酒和糖尿病导致的结核病死亡人数最多的区域分别为亚洲、非洲和亚洲,最少的区域分别为大洋洲、大洋洲和北美洲;2021年结核病死亡人数的归因结果与1990年基本一致,但大洋洲从吸烟导致结核病死亡人数最低区域超越北美洲成为吸烟导致结核病死亡人数排名第5位的区域。总体来看,3种危险因素排名在1990年“一带一路”共建国家的结核病死亡归因中依次为吸烟、饮酒和糖尿病,但这一排名在2021年发生了变化,吸烟始终居于首位,饮酒从第2位降低至第3位,糖尿病由1990年的第3位危险因素上升至第2位。
本研究结果显示,2021年“一带一路”共建国家结核病发病率以非洲(164.704/10万)和亚洲(123.890/10万)区域较高,死亡率排名居于前3位的区域依次为非洲(27.482/10万)、亚洲(17.706/10万)和大洋洲(15.767/10万)。虽然大部分国家和地区结核病的发病率和死亡率等流行情况逐渐好转,但仍有部分高负担国家还在经历结核病的流行恶化态势,总体结核病负担依然较重。有研究表明,在印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和中国4个国家中,中国结核病的年龄标准化发病率(age-standardized incidence rate, ASIR)、年龄标准化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate, ASMR)和年龄标准化伤残调整生命年率(age-standardized DALY rate, ASDR)最低、结核病ASMR和ASDR的降幅最大,且印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国3个国家结核病的ASIR总体均高于中国,因此在“一带一路”共建国家交流中应重点加强共建国家的结核病联防联控机制建设[8];还有研究表明,随着结核病所需的医疗卫生条件以及医疗服务的可及性和质量的改善,使得更多的结核病患者均能得到及时诊断和治疗,从而减少了疾病的进展和并发症的发生[9]。此外,“一带一路”共建国家通过加强结核病的预防和控制措施以及早期筛查和诊断提高公众对结核病的认识与知晓率等举措以及共享经验、技术和资源等交流,均在一定程度上缓解了结核病疾病负担[10]。因此,应持续关注结核病流行趋势并考虑各国的地理、生态及文化特殊性,以结核病防控水平良好地区带动周边国家进行防控能力转型升级,最终实现全球范围内终结结核病的目标。
不同国家结核病发病率和死亡率的流行程度不同,可能与其地理区域及国家经济发展水平、医疗卫生资源情况、生活习惯和其他疾病(艾滋病等)流行情况的差异有关[11]。首先,1990和2021年非洲和亚洲国家结核病发病率及死亡率均居于高位,这些地区可能受限于资源分配相对不均、受教育水平相对低下等因素,加之医疗资源分配不均衡可导致一部分群体难以有效防治结核病[12–13]。此外,这些地区人口密集且流动性大,亦可加剧其结核病传播风险[14]。本研究中,结核病流行的地理分布随时间的推移亦在发生变化,北美洲(25.072/10万)、南美洲(33.563/10万)和欧洲(39.278/10万)的结核病发病率在2021年达到较低水平,提示这些国家结核病防控取得了显著成效。因此,各国应加强自身对结核病防治工作的投入,提高医疗体系的质量和效率,并制定和实施针对性的公共卫生措施以减少结核病的传播,同时还应加强国际合作,充分发挥“一带一路”共建国家的合作优势,通过共建国家协同机制加强结核病防治技术经验共享,携手应对结核病挑战。
在危险因素方面,吸烟一直是危害“一带一路”共建国家结核病的最主要因素,2021年吸烟导致结核病死亡人数为87 786例,尤其是在欠发达和社会管理较为薄弱的地区,如2021年亚洲由吸烟导致的结核病死亡人数居6个区域首位(53 684例),这可能是因为该区域人口密集[15],大量人口给就业市场造成巨大压力[16],许多失业者面临的就业困难和生活压力可能会导致社会不稳定和犯罪率的上升,从而出现较多不良生活习惯(如吸烟、酗酒)的无业散民,而吸烟则会削弱呼吸系统的防御机制,造成支气管肺泡炎症和呼吸上皮细胞纤毛受损等[17],使得结核分枝杆菌更易侵入并引起感染。因此,这些国家应积极加强相关宣传教育,提高公众关于吸烟危害的了解程度;政府也可通过制定并实施严格的控烟政策提供戒烟支持,针对高风险人群加强结核病筛查和治疗工作。值得注意的是,近年来由糖尿病导致的结核病死亡人数已超越饮酒跃居危险因素的第2位,由1990年53 808例跃升至2021年78 468例,这主要是由于随着生活水平的提高,居民往往更倾向于摄入高热量、高脂肪和高糖分的食物,而较少食用富含纤维和维生素的食物,缺乏运动、遗传因素、经济发展以及工作压力增大和生活节奏加快等因素均会导致肥胖和超重问题的加剧[18],进而增加患糖尿病的风险[19],同时糖尿病亦会降低机体免疫力,使得活动性肺结核发生率升高[20]。因此,未来还需要相关部门引导居民形成健康的生活习惯,提倡体育活动以增强身体健康和代谢水平,并定期开展健康检查活动,以减轻糖尿病对结核病患者的危害程度。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147884
  • 接收时间:2025-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08
  • 修回日期:2025-07-19
  • 录用日期:2025-08-28
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    1哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,哈尔滨 150081
    2哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院,哈尔滨 150001
    3黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心,哈尔滨 150030

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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