Article(id=1321169743550202231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169668631548508, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147561, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743350400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-31, revisedDate=1748275200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-27, acceptedDate=1754236800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-04, onlineDate=1792921013009, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921013009, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921013009, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921013009, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169668631548508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='9', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757433600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792920995147, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792920995147, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1086, endPage=1090, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169743776694648, articleId=1321169743550202231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Implementation status of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases in public hospitals in China,2023:a cross-sectional study, columnId=1320427696342020970, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Epidemiological Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the implementation status of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases in public hospitals in China, providing decision-making reference for formulating and improving the policy of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases.

Methods

From March to June 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current implementation status of treatment-prevention integration in 296 general hospitals and 15 infectious disease hospitals in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in eastern, central, and western China.

Results

Among the surveyed hospitals, 45.37% established internal policies related to treatment-prevention integration, and 64.19% of general hospitals and 60% of infectious disease hospitals had independent public health departments. Among general hospitals, 56.76% had infection departments focusing primarily on treatment with limited prevention work, while 19.59% had infection departments with balanced treatment and prevention tasks (each 50%). Most (98.99%) of general hospitals and all infectious disease hospitals received supervision and guidance from disease control agencies for infectious disease prevention and control. The public health work in 65.20% of general hospitals and 66.67% of infectious disease hospitals was included in performance evaluation. A proportion of general hospitals (47.64%) and infectious disease hospitals (86.67%) participated in different types of medical alliances. Over 90% of hospitals had only partial or no functional linkage between their information systems and those of disease control agencies.

Conclusions

Medical institutions are increasingly emphasizing treatment-prevention integration, while there is a lack of top-level design and specific planning. The motivation for integration between institutions remains insufficient, and the fulfillment of public health responsibilities within institutions is inadequate. The functional roles of different organizational models for treatment-prevention integration for infectious disease need further clarification. The linkage in resource-sharing information systems requires improvement.

, authors=Hang XU, Xiaojing MA, Meng JIA, Yue WANG, Fang WANG, authorsList=Hang XU, Xiaojing MA, Meng JIA, Yue WANG, Fang WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaojing MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
MA Xiaojing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169744196125049, articleId=1321169743550202231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2023年我国公立医院传染病医防融合实施现状调查, columnId=1320427696509793132, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=流行病学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析我国公立医院传染病医防融合实施现状,为制定和完善传染病医防融合政策提供决策参考。

方法

采用现况问卷调查法,于2023年3—6月对我国东、中、西部共15个省(自治区、直辖市)的296家综合医院和15家传染病医院的医防融合实施现状进行调查。

结果

45.37%的医院内部制定了医防融合相关制度,64.19%的综合医院和60%的传染病医院设置了独立公共卫生科,综合医院中56.76%的传染(感染)科以传染病治疗为主,承担少量预防工作,19.59%的综合医院医疗和预防工作量各占50%。98.99%的综合医院和所有传染病医院的传染病防控工作均接受疾病控制机构的监督指导,65.20%的综合医院和66.67%的传染病医院的公共卫生工作被纳入考核。47.64%的综合医院和86.67%的传染病医院分别参与不同类型医疗联合体中,>90%的医院与疾病控制机构信息系统间仅存在部分功能衔接或无衔接。

结论

医疗机构对医防融合重视程度逐渐提高,但缺乏顶层设计和具体规划;机构间融合动力不足,机构内公共卫生责任履行不到位;不同类型的传染病医防融合组织模式应进一步明确功能定位;资源共享信息系统的互联互通水平有待提高。

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许航(1996—),研究实习员,硕士,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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马晓静,E-mail:
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许航(1996—),研究实习员,硕士,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169743550202231, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王晨舟, 张研, 张亮. 我国医防融合困境中的管理和服务机制剖析[J]. 中国卫生政策研究, 2024, 17(1): 2-8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321169751544545708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169743550202231, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔珑严, 代高岚歆, 陶红兵. 我国医防融合典型路径及实现机制研究——基于主题框架分析[J]. 卫生经济研究, 2024, 41(12): 16-20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321169751733289389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, 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Sample hospitals′ participation in relevant organizations

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组织类型综合医院传染病医院
数量占比/%数量占比/%
传染病医疗服务体系
 国家传染病医学中心31.0100.00
 国家传染病区域医疗中心10.3316.67
 省级传染病区域医疗中心124.05426.67
 (区域)公共卫生(临床)中心4113.85320.00
医疗联合体组织
 城市医疗集团/县域医共体14147.64
 传染病专科联盟1386.67
), ArticleFig(id=1321169748407206305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169743550202231, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样本医院参与相关组织建设情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组织类型综合医院传染病医院
数量占比/%数量占比/%
传染病医疗服务体系
 国家传染病医学中心31.0100.00
 国家传染病区域医疗中心10.3316.67
 省级传染病区域医疗中心124.05426.67
 (区域)公共卫生(临床)中心4113.85320.00
医疗联合体组织
 城市医疗集团/县域医共体14147.64
 传染病专科联盟1386.67
), ArticleFig(id=1321169748474315170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169743550202231, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Resource sharing of the sample hospitals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目综合医院传染病医院
数量占比/%数量占比/%
本机构是否与当地疾控机构建立定期的传染病防治人员交叉培训和学习交流机制
 是24081.08960.00
 否5618.92640.00
本机构与哪些机构建立了防控治学研产等相关合作和资源共享
 企业217.09426.67
 大学/科研机构5418.2416.67
 疾控机构18361.82746.67
 其他医疗机构11839.86533.33
 公共卫生机构5418.24320.00
 其他7324.66213.33
本机构与公共卫生机构在哪些方面开展了合作与资源共享
 科研培训8428.38746.67
 科研攻关4414.86640.00
 业务技术17759.801066.67
 实验室检测资源共享16054.05746.67
 研究成果共享4314.53640.00
 其他3411.4916.67
本机构与疾控机构之间信息共享的程度
 门诊、住院、实验室数据与疾控信息系统完全衔接289.4616.67
 部分衔接,具体说明衔接系统:15452.03960.00
 无衔接11438.51533.33
机构内部公共卫生信息系统与住院、门诊、实验室等系统衔接程度
 全部衔接17559.12960.00
 部分衔接8428.38533.33
 无衔接3712.5016.67
), ArticleFig(id=1321169748554006947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169743550202231, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样本医院资源共享情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目综合医院传染病医院
数量占比/%数量占比/%
本机构是否与当地疾控机构建立定期的传染病防治人员交叉培训和学习交流机制
 是24081.08960.00
 否5618.92640.00
本机构与哪些机构建立了防控治学研产等相关合作和资源共享
 企业217.09426.67
 大学/科研机构5418.2416.67
 疾控机构18361.82746.67
 其他医疗机构11839.86533.33
 公共卫生机构5418.24320.00
 其他7324.66213.33
本机构与公共卫生机构在哪些方面开展了合作与资源共享
 科研培训8428.38746.67
 科研攻关4414.86640.00
 业务技术17759.801066.67
 实验室检测资源共享16054.05746.67
 研究成果共享4314.53640.00
 其他3411.4916.67
本机构与疾控机构之间信息共享的程度
 门诊、住院、实验室数据与疾控信息系统完全衔接289.4616.67
 部分衔接,具体说明衔接系统:15452.03960.00
 无衔接11438.51533.33
机构内部公共卫生信息系统与住院、门诊、实验室等系统衔接程度
 全部衔接17559.12960.00
 部分衔接8428.38533.33
 无衔接3712.5016.67
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2023年我国公立医院传染病医防融合实施现状调查
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许航 , 马晓静 *, * , 贾梦 , 王悦 , 王芳
中国公共卫生 | 流行病学研究 2025,41(9): 1086-1090
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中国公共卫生 |流行病学研究 2025 , 41 (9) : 1086 -1090
2023年我国公立医院传染病医防融合实施现状调查
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许航, 马晓静*, * , 贾梦, 王悦, 王芳
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院医学信息研究所,北京 100020
通讯作者:
马晓静,E-mail:
作者简介:

许航(1996—),研究实习员,硕士,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

Implementation status of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases in public hospitals in China,2023:a cross-sectional study
Hang XU, Xiaojing MA , Meng JIA, Yue WANG, Fang WANG
Affiliations
  • Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    MA Xiaojing, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147561
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目的

分析我国公立医院传染病医防融合实施现状,为制定和完善传染病医防融合政策提供决策参考。

方法

采用现况问卷调查法,于2023年3—6月对我国东、中、西部共15个省(自治区、直辖市)的296家综合医院和15家传染病医院的医防融合实施现状进行调查。

结果

45.37%的医院内部制定了医防融合相关制度,64.19%的综合医院和60%的传染病医院设置了独立公共卫生科,综合医院中56.76%的传染(感染)科以传染病治疗为主,承担少量预防工作,19.59%的综合医院医疗和预防工作量各占50%。98.99%的综合医院和所有传染病医院的传染病防控工作均接受疾病控制机构的监督指导,65.20%的综合医院和66.67%的传染病医院的公共卫生工作被纳入考核。47.64%的综合医院和86.67%的传染病医院分别参与不同类型医疗联合体中,>90%的医院与疾病控制机构信息系统间仅存在部分功能衔接或无衔接。

结论

医疗机构对医防融合重视程度逐渐提高,但缺乏顶层设计和具体规划;机构间融合动力不足,机构内公共卫生责任履行不到位;不同类型的传染病医防融合组织模式应进一步明确功能定位;资源共享信息系统的互联互通水平有待提高。

医防融合  /  综合医院  /  传染病医院  /  传染病  /  实施现状
Objective

To analyze the implementation status of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases in public hospitals in China, providing decision-making reference for formulating and improving the policy of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases.

Methods

From March to June 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current implementation status of treatment-prevention integration in 296 general hospitals and 15 infectious disease hospitals in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in eastern, central, and western China.

Results

Among the surveyed hospitals, 45.37% established internal policies related to treatment-prevention integration, and 64.19% of general hospitals and 60% of infectious disease hospitals had independent public health departments. Among general hospitals, 56.76% had infection departments focusing primarily on treatment with limited prevention work, while 19.59% had infection departments with balanced treatment and prevention tasks (each 50%). Most (98.99%) of general hospitals and all infectious disease hospitals received supervision and guidance from disease control agencies for infectious disease prevention and control. The public health work in 65.20% of general hospitals and 66.67% of infectious disease hospitals was included in performance evaluation. A proportion of general hospitals (47.64%) and infectious disease hospitals (86.67%) participated in different types of medical alliances. Over 90% of hospitals had only partial or no functional linkage between their information systems and those of disease control agencies.

Conclusions

Medical institutions are increasingly emphasizing treatment-prevention integration, while there is a lack of top-level design and specific planning. The motivation for integration between institutions remains insufficient, and the fulfillment of public health responsibilities within institutions is inadequate. The functional roles of different organizational models for treatment-prevention integration for infectious disease need further clarification. The linkage in resource-sharing information systems requires improvement.

treatment-prevention integration  /  general hospital  /  infectious disease hospital  /  infectious diseases  /  implementation status
许航, 马晓静, 贾梦, 王悦, 王芳. 2023年我国公立医院传染病医防融合实施现状调查. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (9) : 1086 -1090 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147561
Hang XU, Xiaojing MA, Meng JIA, Yue WANG, Fang WANG. Implementation status of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases in public hospitals in China,2023:a cross-sectional study[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (9) : 1086 -1090 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147561
医防融合是新时代健康中国建设中全方位、全周期保障人民健康的重要途径[1]。我国卫生政策中多次提及医防融合、医防协同[2]。2024年7月,党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出“实施健康优先发展战略,健全公共卫生体系,促进社会共治、医防协同、医防融合”[3]。公立医院作为我国医疗卫生服务体系的核心,在传染病防控中承担着医疗救治和公共卫生服务的双重职责。做好公立医院医防融合工作是全方位保障人民健康的关键,亦是全面实施健康中国战略和公立医院高质量发展的重要策略[4]。目前我国公立医院在传染病医防融合方面的实施现状尚不清晰,相关制度建设和实践探索仍处于初步阶段,亟需系统调查和深入研究。基于此,本研究于2023年3—6月选取我国15省(自治区、直辖市)的311家公立医院为研究对象进行调查,了解我国公立医院医防融合实施现状,分析存在的问题和不足,为进一步制定和完善传染病医疗机构医防融合政策,推动医防融合工作的深入开展提供决策依据,为完善我国传染病防控体系、提升公立医院公共卫生服务能力提供参考,助力健康中国建设目标的实现。
采用多阶段随机抽样调查方法,首先从我国东、中、西部分别随机抽取5个省(自治区、直辖市),东部地区为上海市、浙江省、江苏省、山东省、广东省,中部地区为山西省、江西省、吉林省、黑龙江省、内蒙古自治区,西部地区为陕西省、贵州省、甘肃省、重庆市、新疆维吾尔自治区;其次,在每个省(自治区、直辖市)随机抽取1家传染病医院和约20家的综合医院作为样本医院进行调查。共抽取15家传染病医院和296家综合医院,对其传染病医防融合实施现状进行调查,调查工作的起始和截止时间为2023年3月1日—6月30日。本研究经中国医学科学院北京协和医学院伦理审批委员会批准(批准文号:CAMS&PUMC-IEC-2021-033),并于调查开始前获取了调查对象知情同意。
基于政策梳理、文献研究和专家咨询,课题组应用自行编制的“传染病医防融合/协同工作开展情况调查问卷”对样本医院进行调查,问卷内容主要包括5个部分:(1)医院基本情况,如医院名称、所属省(自治区、直辖市)、联系人等;(2)制度建设情况,包括政策制定、管理制度等,如机构传染病医防融合/协同工作相关的内部管理制度情况、机构所在省(自治区、直辖市)推动传染病医防融合/协同工作的政策文件情况等;(3)管理体制与运行体制情况,包括机构建设、科室设置、监督指导、考核评价等内容,如机构内是否设有公共卫生工作领导小组、传染病医防融合相关业务科室,疾控机构定期对机构的监督指导情况等;(4)组织模式概况,主要调查了解机构参与传染病医疗服务体系、医疗联合体组织等方面的情况;(5)资源共享情况,包括信息共享、科研合作、人员流通等,如机构内部与疾控信息系统间信息衔接程度、与其他机构的合作程度及效果等。问卷中问题形式包括定量选择题和定性文本填空题,并鼓励被调查对象可提供相关制度文件、平台截图等补充说明材料。本研究采用电子问卷调查方式,由省级疾病控制部门联络各地级市医院进行填写并回收。逐一核对回收电子版调查问卷各项内容,对问卷中存在逻辑错误或数据缺失的情况与相关医院联系核实并校正。
采用Epi Data 4.6软件进行双录入,采用Excel 2019对数据进行清洗,利用SPSS 24.0对调查数据进行统计分析。定量资料采用一般描述性分析,定性资料及其他补充资料利用内容分析法、主体框架分析法进行梳理和分析。
调查的311家公立医院中,综合医院296家(95.18%),其中东、中、西部地区综合医院分别为100、100、96家(重庆作为直辖市综合医院数量相对较少,共调查16家);传染病医院共15家(4.82%),所有样本省(自治区、直辖市)传染病医院各1家,其中13家为政府办传染病医院,2家作为综合医院的分院区建设。
调研地区共有130家综合医院和6家传染病医院反馈其所在省或市级层面制定了推动医防融合/协同工作的相关政策文件;137家综合医院和5家传染病医院反馈已针对传染病医防融合/协同工作制定了相关内部管理制度。从机构层面统计,医防融合的总体政策覆盖率约为43.73%(136家),56.27%(175家)的调查对象所属省市尚未建立推进传染病医防融合的制度体系和总体规划。机构内部管理制度建设覆盖程度为45.65%(142家),其中综合医院和传染病医院的内部管理制度建设覆盖率分别为46.28%(137家)和33.33%(5家),且主要为既有的传染病管理制度,如预检分诊制度、诊断及转诊制度、登记报告管理制度和网络直报制度等,提示公立医院医防协同、医防融合工作的内部管理制度仍处于起步和早期探索阶段。
公共卫生工作领导小组是医院内负责协调和领导公共卫生工作的组织,调研地区中191家(64.53%)综合医院和6家(40.00%)传染病医院反馈现已成立公共卫生工作领导小组或类似组织,成立时间主要集中在SARS和新冠疫情期间。领导小组一般由医院主要负责人担任组长、副组长,全面负责推进医防融合改革,统筹有关组织架构、绩效分配、流程设计等,建立协调和保障机制。
医防协同/融合工作主要依托院内相关行政职能科室(如公共卫生科、院感控制科、预防保健科等)和临床业务科室(如传染病科、感染性疾病科、肠道门诊、发热门诊、呼吸道门诊等)具体开展。医院通常专门针对传染病设置传染科,也有医院设置感染科,本研究将传染科和感染科统称为传染(感染)科。公共卫生科是医院内具体负责执行和管理公共卫生工作的科室。调研地区中190家(64.19%)综合医院和9家(60.00%)传染病医院已设置独立的公共卫生科。目前公共卫生科多为医院二级科室,一般由所在医院招聘或抽调院内相关专业人员组建,其中至少包括1名公共卫生与预防医学专业背景工作人员。主要负责医院内突发公共卫生事件及相关信息的监测和预警、传染病防治和管理、协助医院感染管理部门做好医院感染控制管理工作、协助疾病预防控制机构做好地方病的预防、管理等工作。对综合医院传染(感染)科从事医疗和预防工作量占比情况调查结果显示,168家(56.76%)的传染(感染)科以传染病治疗为主,承担少量传染病防控、指导等相关行政工作;58家(19.59%)反映医疗和预防工作量各占50%;40家(13.51%)则以传染病防控、指导等相关行政工作为主,承担少量传染病治疗工作;30家(10.14%)表示不确定。
293家(98.99%)综合医院和15家(100%)传染病医院反映本机构在传染病防控工作方面接受当地疾病控制(简称疾控)机构的监督指导,频率多为一季度1~2次。业务指导形式主要包括技术指导、培训指导、会议指导、文件指导、电话指导等。指导内容包括传染病及突发公共卫生事件报告、流行病学调查、病人处置、密切接触者管理、疫点疫区消毒、应急接种和预防性服药等。但在实施过程中,由于医疗机构主动需求不高、重医轻防等原因导致部分业务指导仅流于形式,缺乏实质性的落地和执行。
193家(65.20%)综合医院和10家(66.67%)传染病医院反映其上级卫生健康部门已将公共卫生工作纳入考核评价范畴。部分调研省份(浙江省、山东省、江苏省、江西省等)已出台相关政策,明确将公共卫生履责情况纳入医疗机构绩效考核。考核方式一般在原有绩效考核指标体系中新增“医疗机构履行公共卫生职责情况”一项,或制定“公共卫生职责清单”将其落实情况纳入考核项目。年度考核为主,评价结果与医院评审评价、评先树优等工作紧密结合,作为选拔任用医疗机构领导班子成员的重要参考。
国家层面,我国目前共设置了以浙江大学医学院附属第一医院、复旦大学附属华山医院和首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院为依托的3个国家传染病医学中心,形成南北协同、优势互补的模式。省级层面,调研地区的江苏省等部分省份发布了省级传染病区域医疗中心建设实施标准。调查机构中共有16家省级传染病区域医疗中心,主要由省级传染病医院挂牌建设;44家(区域)公共卫生(临床)中心,省级公共卫生临床中心主要由传染病医院挂牌建设或由多家传染病医院整合组建,市级或县级公共卫生临床中心主要在市级传染病专科医院和县级综合医院基础上进行挂牌建设。传染病医疗机构参与的医疗联合体形式包括城市医疗集团、紧密型县域医共体和传染病专科联盟3种类型。调查机构中,141家(47.64%)综合医院已参与城市医疗集团或紧密型县域医共体,其中30家为牵头单位;传染病医院中有13家(86.67%)参与传染病专科联盟,其中8家为牵头单位。以广州市第八人民医院为例,作为牵头单位,与南方医科大学南方医院白云分院、白云区第二人民医院、江高镇卫生院等23家医疗机构签署医疗技术合作协议,成立传染病救治专科联盟。
240家(81.08%)综合医院和9家(60.00%)传染病医院与当地疾控机构建立了定期的传染病防治人员交叉培训和学习交流机制。具体形式包括:交叉培训方面,在疾控机构设置临床医师公共卫生培训基地,职称晋升中加入专业公共卫生理论和实践能力培训;实施继续医学教育交叉培训,每年安排一定学时的公共卫生继续医学教育课程,纳入临床医师年度考核。学习交流方面,疾控机构向医疗机构派驻专业技术人员,参与医疗机构疾病监测、健康管理等公共卫生与疾病预防控制工作,协助组织临床医护人员开展流行病学、传染病学、医院感染控制等公共卫生知识技能培训[5]。科研合作机构类型方面,调研机构与疾控机构和其他医疗机构的合作为主,少数与大学或科研机构建立合作关系,与企业的合作相对较少。合作内容方面,频率最高的集中在业务技术、实验室检测资源共享,其次为科研培养方面的合作,相对更深层次的科研以及成果转化,如科研攻关和研究成果共享方面的合作则相对较少。除单向运行的网络直报系统外,调研机构中154家(52.03%)综合医院和9家(60.00%)传染病医院的门诊、住院、实验室等数据与疾控信息系统间存在部分功能衔接。医疗机构内部,大部分医院通过医院信息系统平台(HIS系统)建立医院传染病报告管理系统,调研地区175家(59.12%)综合医院和9家(60.00%)传染病医院实现完全衔接。青岛市等城市探索公共卫生大数据运用平台建设,依托平台实现省市内医疗机构传染病监测数据自动抓取网络直报,以支持各地区自己补充当地认定的多发性传染病。信息系统建设较好的省份通常支持半自动和手工2种传染病报告上传方式,医生在医院HIS系统填写电子病历时会自动弹出传染病报告填报页,提交的传染病报告卡通过四级公共卫生数据交换平台,对数据格式和完整性补充后最终采集到网络直报系统中。
本次调查发现,多数卫生健康和疾控行政部门对于将医防融合工作提升到构建强大公共卫生体系战略高度的认识比较统一,但对如何实现医防融合缺乏系统深入的思考和有力推动,目前多持观望和等待态度,对医防融合工作缺乏深入思考和具体规划。如医疗机构往往通过“等”上级政策,再做进一步打算;疾控机构功能定位不明确,与医疗机构间仍然各自为战,对于如何实现“三通”并未做过多考虑;医疗机构也主要以治疗为主,顺带完成政府交办的公共卫生任务,对于如何与疾控机构协调融合、资源共享并未有过多思考。这也与张贺乔等[6]研究指出慢性病医防融合工作中存在政府顶层设计缺位、实施路径与工作机制系统性不足等问题和闫温馨等[7]研究强调开展医防融合时应加强顶层设计意识,使政府发挥资源整合、人员协调等重要作用研究结果一致。
调查发现,机构间融合动力不足,机构内公共卫生责任履行不到位。首先,疾控机构与医疗机构目前的合作大多局限于哨点监测、传染病报告、流调溯源等常规性工作,缺乏更深层次的融合。由于尚未建立利益共享机制,各级卫生健康行政部门、疾控机构和医疗机构均缺乏融合的动力。王晨舟等[8]研究也指出购买医疗服务和公共卫生服务的激励方向存在矛盾、难以形成合力。应协调多方利益主体,在医防融合中实现利益共享和激励相容。其次,医疗机构内部公共卫生责任履行不到位,缺乏统筹协调和监督。调研地区35.81%综合医院的公共卫生职责分散在多个科室,导致效率低下。即使部分医院成立公共卫生科,但由于科室及岗位职责不清,存在人员数量不足、能力有限等困境,加之待遇相对较低、职业发展不明朗,导致公共卫生人才队伍薄弱。建议进一步明晰不同等级医疗机构公共卫生职能,通过创新人才培训模式、构建疾控与医疗机构人员流动机制、完善院校人才培养体系等举措优化医防融合人力资源配置[9]。
由于我国医防长期存在极度割裂现象[10],当前国内成立的部分公共卫生临床中心主要是传染病医院为求生存发展转型而来,其主要发展目标还是以提供医疗服务为主,发展思路包括大专科小综合、强专科大综合等,公共卫生的功能定位尚不明确,公共卫生责任体现不足,尚未能实现医防融合、平战结合的初衷。这种功能定位的模糊性不仅影响了公共卫生服务的专业性,也使得资源分配和利用效率低下,难以应对突发公共卫生事件的挑战。另外,大部分传染病医疗机构虽已加入城市医疗集团或县域医共体,但区域内的疾病预防控制中心、传染病医院、综合医院传染科之间独立运行,尚未形成有效的网络连接方式,未能构建集传染病防治能力和医防融合职能于一体的传染病防控网络。顾海等[11]研究亦曾指出医防融合主要存在紧密型医联(共)体尚未真正形成等问题。胡美丽等[12]研究发现依托医联(共)体等整合型服务体系可有效提升医防融合效果。应不断完善中国特色的整合型服务体系建设,通过系统整合、服务组合等推动传染病医防融合组织的有效运行。
目前,疾控机构与医疗机构之间的信息标准不统一、信息系统联通不足,导致疫情监测网络与医疗机构网络无法有效衔接,大部分数据依赖人工填报。部分机构医生诊疗系统与直报系统不联通,公共卫生科人员对传染病的识别能力不足,导致传染病报告卡填写不规范,出现网报不及时、漏报等问题。同时,多家调研机构反映各类信息报送标准和渠道不统一,目前存在医政和公卫两套疫情上报系统,而两套系统报送信息标准与口径不统一,导致上报信息不一致、数据差异较大。此外,医防融合缺乏数据共享平台,科研合作层次较低。部分调研机构虽有与疾控机构建立人员交流、实验室检测数据共享、科研数据共享等合作意向,但由于缺乏有效激励机制,数据共享平台机制尚未建立,疾控机构的人群数据与医疗机构的临床数据之间存在共享与转换壁垒,以数据共享为基础的科研合作难以开展、合作层次较低,难以转化为高水平科研成果[13]。应加快医防融合智慧赋能,建立跨部门、跨机构的数据共享机制[14],提升疾病防控和科研创新的整体水平。
综上,调查的医疗机构对医防融合重视程度逐渐提高,但缺乏顶层设计和具体规划;机构间融合动力不足,机构内公共卫生责任履行不到位;探索传染病医防融合组织模式的同时有待明确功能定位和加强网络连接;资源共享信息系统联通不足,科研合作层次不够深入。研究结论对于推动我国传染病医防融合工作深入开展具有一定的政策意义,但研究亦存在一定的局限性。首先,本研究为横断面研究,且抽样未覆盖全国所有地区,不能进行因果关系推断;其次,本研究主要从制度层面对我国公立医院传染病医防融合制度建设、运行体制机制等实施现状进行调查,而从机构服务层面对医院开展的医防融合服务内容的调查则需要在未来研究中进一步探索。

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2025年第41卷第9期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147561
  • 接收时间:2025-03-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31
  • 修回日期:2025-05-27
  • 录用日期:2025-08-04
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    中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院医学信息研究所,北京 100020

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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