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Article(id=1320438056398733426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147532, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742140800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-17, revisedDate=1749052800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-05, acceptedDate=1770134400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-04, onlineDate=1792746565198, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746565198, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746565198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746565198, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438006813672182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='257', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746553376, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748100383, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=345, endPage=347, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438056629420147, articleId=1320438056398733426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Characterization of health science popularization rumors based on the data from rumor refutation platforms in 2024, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the dissemination patterns and textual features of health science popularization rumors, establishing a foundation for the development of rumor mitigation and control mechanisms.

Methods

A content analysis was conducted on a sample of 348 health-related rumors published in August 2024 by People's Daily Online, China Science Communication, and the China Internet Joint Rumor Debunking Platform. Rumor themes, emotional valence, involved stakeholders, and linguistic tone were systematically coded and statistically evaluated by chi-square tests to assess distributional differences across platforms.

Results

Predominant themes included healthy lifestyles (35.34%), disease prevention and control (34.49%), and food safety issues (30.17%), with no significant variation in theme distribution among platforms (P > 0.05). Negative emotional contents accounted for 55.75%, exhibiting significant inter-platform differences (P < 0.05). The primary stakeholders involved were the general public (62.64%) and patients (22.99%), with no significant inter-platform differences (P > 0.05). The dominant linguistic structures were declarative sentences (41.95%) and interrogative sentences (33.33%), with notable differences in distribution across platforms (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Health science popularization rumors demonstrate strong links to public health concerns, notable emotional valence, targeted dissemination strategies, and diverse linguistic approaches. Strengthening surveillance, early warning systems, and cross-platform collaboration is essential for enhancing public health literacy and preventing rumor proliferation at the source.

, authors=Ruofei CHEN1, Ruiqian XIE1, Xiaofei WU2, Xiuli SHI2, Guoyong CHEN1, authorsList=Ruofei CHEN, Ruiqian XIE, Xiaofei WU, Xiuli SHI, Guoyong CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guoyong CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
CHEN Guoyong, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438056943992948, articleId=1320438056398733426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=健康科普谣言特征分析：基于2024年辟谣平台数据, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

揭示健康科普类谣言的传播规律与文本特征，为构建谣言防控体系提供依据。

方法

以2024年8月我国人民网、科普中国网、中国互联网联合辟谣平台发布的348条健康类谣言为样本，采用内容分析法编码统计谣言主题、情感导向、涉及主体及语气类型，运用χ2检验分析不同平台间特征分布的统计学差异。

结果

健康生活方式（35.34%）、疾病防控（34.49%）和食品相关（30.17%）为本研究谣言主题，不同平台间主题分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；消极情感内容占比55.75%，不同平台间存在差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；涉及主体以无特定人群（62.64%）和患者群体（22.99%）为主，平台间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；语言形式中陈述句（41.95%）和疑问句（33.33%）占主导，平台间分布差异显著（P<0.05）。

结论

健康科普谣言具民生关联性强、情感导向突出、传播精准化及语言策略多样等特征，应加强监测预警，强化平台协同能力，以提升公众甄别健康信息素养的能力，从源头遏制谣言传播。

, authors=陈若菲1, 解瑞谦1, 吴晓飞2, 施秀丽2, 陈国永1, *, *, authorsList=陈若菲, 解瑞谦, 吴晓飞, 施秀丽, 陈国永, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈国永, authorNote=

陈若菲（1989—），助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：健康教育与健康促进

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈国永，E-mail：
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Indicators of health science popularization rumors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标项目中国互联网联合辟谣平台
（N=17）		科普中国网
（N=202）		人民网
（N=129）		χ2值P值
n占比/%n占比/%n占比/%
健康科普谣言主题健康生活方式635.297537.134232.561.2470.870
食品相关635.295728.224232.56
疾病防控529.427034.654534.88
健康科普谣言情感导向消极1058.8212762.875744.2012.9130.012
中性529.414321.293627.90
积极211.773215.843627.90
健康科普谣言涉及主体无特定人群741.1713064.368162.7911.9830.062
患者741.173919.303426.35
儿童青少年与老年人317.66178.4153.88
不同性别00.00167.9396.98
健康科普谣言语气类型陈述句741.187738.126248.0626.263<0.01
疑问句635.296230.694837.21
感叹句317.654522.2843.10
祈使句00.00157.431310.08
否定句15.8831.4821.55
), ArticleFig(id=1320438059489935519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438056398733426, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

健康科普谣言指标特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标项目中国互联网联合辟谣平台
（N=17）		科普中国网
（N=202）		人民网
（N=129）		χ2值P值
n占比/%n占比/%n占比/%
健康科普谣言主题健康生活方式635.297537.134232.561.2470.870
食品相关635.295728.224232.56
疾病防控529.427034.654534.88
健康科普谣言情感导向消极1058.8212762.875744.2012.9130.012
中性529.414321.293627.90
积极211.773215.843627.90
健康科普谣言涉及主体无特定人群741.1713064.368162.7911.9830.062
患者741.173919.303426.35
儿童青少年与老年人317.66178.4153.88
不同性别00.00167.9396.98
健康科普谣言语气类型陈述句741.187738.126248.0626.263<0.01
疑问句635.296230.694837.21
感叹句317.654522.2843.10
祈使句00.00157.431310.08
否定句15.8831.4821.55
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健康科普谣言特征分析：基于2024年辟谣平台数据
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陈若菲 1 , 解瑞谦 1 , 吴晓飞 2 , 施秀丽 2 , 陈国永 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(3): 345-347
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (3) : 345 -347
健康科普谣言特征分析：基于2024年辟谣平台数据
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陈若菲1, 解瑞谦1, 吴晓飞2, 施秀丽2, 陈国永1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1中国健康教育中心，北京 100011
  • 2深智澜（北京）科技有限公司，北京 100043
通讯作者:
陈国永，E-mail：
作者简介:

陈若菲（1989—），助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：健康教育与健康促进

Characterization of health science popularization rumors based on the data from rumor refutation platforms in 2024
Ruofei CHEN1, Ruiqian XIE1, Xiaofei WU2, Xiuli SHI2, Guoyong CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Chinese Health Education Center, Beijing 100011, China
  • 2Shenzhilan (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    CHEN Guoyong, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147532
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摘要
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目的

揭示健康科普类谣言的传播规律与文本特征，为构建谣言防控体系提供依据。

方法

以2024年8月我国人民网、科普中国网、中国互联网联合辟谣平台发布的348条健康类谣言为样本，采用内容分析法编码统计谣言主题、情感导向、涉及主体及语气类型，运用χ2检验分析不同平台间特征分布的统计学差异。

结果

健康生活方式（35.34%）、疾病防控（34.49%）和食品相关（30.17%）为本研究谣言主题，不同平台间主题分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；消极情感内容占比55.75%，不同平台间存在差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；涉及主体以无特定人群（62.64%）和患者群体（22.99%）为主，平台间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；语言形式中陈述句（41.95%）和疑问句（33.33%）占主导，平台间分布差异显著（P<0.05）。

结论

健康科普谣言具民生关联性强、情感导向突出、传播精准化及语言策略多样等特征，应加强监测预警，强化平台协同能力，以提升公众甄别健康信息素养的能力，从源头遏制谣言传播。

健康科普谣言  /  传播特征  /  情感导向  /  语言策略  /  辟谣机制
Objective

To analyze the dissemination patterns and textual features of health science popularization rumors, establishing a foundation for the development of rumor mitigation and control mechanisms.

Methods

A content analysis was conducted on a sample of 348 health-related rumors published in August 2024 by People's Daily Online, China Science Communication, and the China Internet Joint Rumor Debunking Platform. Rumor themes, emotional valence, involved stakeholders, and linguistic tone were systematically coded and statistically evaluated by chi-square tests to assess distributional differences across platforms.

Results

Predominant themes included healthy lifestyles (35.34%), disease prevention and control (34.49%), and food safety issues (30.17%), with no significant variation in theme distribution among platforms (P > 0.05). Negative emotional contents accounted for 55.75%, exhibiting significant inter-platform differences (P < 0.05). The primary stakeholders involved were the general public (62.64%) and patients (22.99%), with no significant inter-platform differences (P > 0.05). The dominant linguistic structures were declarative sentences (41.95%) and interrogative sentences (33.33%), with notable differences in distribution across platforms (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Health science popularization rumors demonstrate strong links to public health concerns, notable emotional valence, targeted dissemination strategies, and diverse linguistic approaches. Strengthening surveillance, early warning systems, and cross-platform collaboration is essential for enhancing public health literacy and preventing rumor proliferation at the source.

health science popularization rumors  /  dissemination characteristics  /  emotional valence  /  linguistic strategies  /  rumor refutation mechanism
陈若菲, 解瑞谦, 吴晓飞, 施秀丽, 陈国永. 健康科普谣言特征分析：基于2024年辟谣平台数据. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (3) : 345 -347 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147532
Ruofei CHEN, Ruiqian XIE, Xiaofei WU, Xiuli SHI, Guoyong CHEN. Characterization of health science popularization rumors based on the data from rumor refutation platforms in 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (3) : 345 -347 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147532
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随着经济发展和生活水平的提高，公众对健康知识的获取需求日益增长，同时也存在对健康知识的渴求与科学素养不足之间的矛盾。健康科普谣言是指在健康、饮食、医疗等领域内，未经科学证实、缺乏可靠依据的信息，通常以误导性或虚假的形式出现，并通过各种传播渠道迅速扩散，对公众的健康认知和行为产生不良影响[1]。随着传播技术的快速发展，社交媒体的兴起，任何人可以轻易地发布信息，降低了信息生产和传播的门槛，且新媒体的匿名性和全球性使得谣言的传播速度更快，范围更广，为健康科普谣言的产生提供了必要条件。《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示，2024年下半年域名、IP地址等互联网基础资源持续丰富，截至12月，中国域名总数为3 302万个，国家顶级域名总数为2082万个，连续十年位居全球第一[2]。如此庞大的数量，很可能成为各类谣言孵化的平台，尤其是通过利用与用户健康相关、贴近生活的模糊性健康科普信息，从而为谣言的传播提供助推力[2]。因此，为了健康传播的正本清源，越来越多的机构加入“辟谣”队伍，但仍无法有针对性地识别和遏制谣言传播，不能满足公众对虚假信息的判断[3–6]。因此，本研究以辟谣平台上的健康科普谣言为例，旨在揭示健康科普谣言的特征及传播规律，从而帮助不同平台识别并限制谣言的传播，并制定更有针对性的辟谣方式。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
本研究以健康科普辟谣端为切入点，考虑到数据的权威性、影响力，以及覆盖面，将人民网、科普中国网、中国互联网联合辟谣平台3个辟谣平台网站作为数据样本来源端，通过爬虫工具采集2024年8月的全部辟谣数据。排除与健康科普相关的辟谣信息后共收集348个数据样本。
1.2　健康科普谣言筛选标准
依托中国科学院科技成果转化平台“中科闻歌”的“闻海大数据平台”，参考相关文献[7]，本研究团队自行编制健康科普谣言筛选标准。符合“典型健康科普谣言”的信息应具备以下3个特征：一是不科学，即信息内容全部或部分不科学，包括违背科学常识、违反科学共识、不能在现有官方资讯和科学文献中找到有力证据等。二是已形成或正在形成传播热点，包括信息存在的站点/媒体数量、信息浏览数量、转载量（或转发量）、评论量、点赞量等，关键判断健康科普谣言的传播扩散程度和传播速率。三是存在较大的危害风险，包括对人群健康安全的危害、对经济社会发展的危害、对社会和谐稳定的危害等。
1.3　健康科普谣言类型及分析指标
本研究依托健康信念模型（health belief model，HBM）、健康科普传播机制，通过反复阅读健康科普谣言样本，并根据研究目标和需求，对348个样本的具体结构进行整理健康科普谣言类型：（1）健康科普谣言主题类型：根据样本实际情况和关键词，将其归纳为健康生活方式、食品相关、疾病防控三类[8]。（2）健康科普谣言情感导向：分为消极、中性、积极三类。（3）健康科普谣言涉及主体：根据健康科普谣言文本中所提到的特定对象，归纳后分为：无特定人群、患者、儿童青少年及老年人、不同性别四类进行编码。（4）健康科普谣言语气类型的文本分析：因语言策略中的语气类型对健康科普谣言有增强可信度的功能，因此在谣言文本中，常用丰富的语气类型去蛊惑和蒙骗公众。参考文献[9]将语气类型分为陈述句、否定句、祈使句、感叹句和疑问句5种类型。
1.4　统计分析
采用EPi Data 3.1软件录入数据，使用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料数据用 [n（%）] 表示, 采用χ2检验进行构成比的比较，P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2　结　果
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2.1　不同平台样本特征
348个样本中， 科普中国网的健康科普谣言样本202个，占58.05%，人民网的健康科普谣言样本为129个，占37.07%，中国互联网联合辟谣平台的健康科普谣言样本为17个，占4.88%。
2.2　健康科普谣言指标特征分析（表1）
通过对348个健康科普谣言样本中，谣言内容主题为健康生活方式的占35.34%，疾病防控的占34.49%，食品相关的占30.17%。不同平台之间健康科普谣言主题分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。情感导向中消极占55.75%、中性占24.14%、积极占20.11%，3个平台中消极情感导向的占比均最高，健康科普谣言情感导向在不同平台差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对其涉及人群主体进行分类，62.64%的健康科普谣言无特定人群，针对患者占比22.99%，针对儿童青少年与老年人特殊人群占7.18%，针对不同性别占比7.18%。健康科普谣言涉及主体在不同平台差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对语气类型进行分类，在348个样本中，陈述句占比最多为41.95%，其次是疑问句为33.33%，然后是感叹句为14.95%。健康科普谣言语气类型分析在不同平台间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
3　讨　论
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本研究基于对348个谣言样本的整理与分析，健康科普谣言基本具备一般谣言的特征和表现形式，但同时有自身的特点，且由于社交媒体具有互动性，公众既是受众又是传播者，公众相信了谣言，并参与了传播[10]。健康生活方式谣言主题占比很高，围绕公众日常健康需求，信息海量，难以准确判别真伪[11–12]，常利用“生活化场景陌生化”策略制造误导。其次，疾病防控和饮食品相关主题，也具有较大传播力[13]。对于健康科普谣言情感导向，消极情感占比高于其他，基本符合健康科普谣言的情感特征[14]，后续可聚焦情感表达维度制定谣言干预策略，削弱其传播动力[15]。人民网中，消极情感相较于其他两个平台占比较低，这可能提示人民网在健康科普内容的管理和传播上，可能采取了一些措施来平衡信息的情感倾向，或者其受众群体对健康信息的辨别能力相对较强，使得消极谣言的传播受到一定程度的抑制。对于健康科普谣言涉及主体，首先是无特定人群，这与一般谣言涉及主体一致[16]。对于语气类型的文本分析，陈述句占比最高，也与谣言的情况一致[17]。强调性的疑问句，结合话题，能增强传播效果，利用限定思考范围、虚假按时等方式，误导公众对信息的判断[18]。感叹句在语气方面，突出虚假信息的重要，增强断言的力度。结合话题，引发恐惧焦虑，从而误导公众，尤其是缺乏辨识能力的老年人或儿童[19]。
根据以上结论，可通过构建多维度监测预警体系，实现谣言传播路径的动态追踪与风险评估；强化跨平台协同辟谣机制，优化信息共享与响应流程；通过精准化科普教育增强公众健康信息甄别能力，从源头阻断谣言传播链条[20]。然而，本研究也存在一定局限性。样本仅选取了3个平台的1个月的数据，样本量相对较小，可能无法完全代表所有的健康科普谣言的情况。未来研究可进一步扩大样本范围，涵盖更多平台、时间更长的数据，以获得更具普适性的结论。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147532
  • 接收时间：2025-03-17
  • 首发时间：2026-10-23
  • 出版时间：2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-17
  • 修回日期：2025-06-05
  • 录用日期：2026-02-04
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    1中国健康教育中心，北京 100011
    2深智澜（北京）科技有限公司，北京 100043

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Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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