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Article(id=1321170645216514799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147149, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=1746979200000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-12, acceptedDate=1753286400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-24, onlineDate=1792921227982, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921227982, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921227982, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921227982, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170608034009636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='12', pageStart='1409', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921219118, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793011150268, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1456, endPage=1460, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170645963100912, articleId=1321170645216514799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Incidence and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in Jilin province: a cross-sectional survey, 2022, columnId=1321170608730264101, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Promoting Healthy Aging and Improving the Quality of Life for the Elderly, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of falls in the elderly of Jilin province and provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control of falls among the elderly.

Methods

From July to December 2022, 800 permanent residents aged ≥ 60 years old were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling from Nanguan district of Changchun city, Xi′an district of Liaoyuan city, Antu county of Yanbian prefecture, and Lishu county of Siping city in Jilin province. The main influencing factors of falls in the elderly in this area were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Among the 800 permanent residents aged ≥ 60 years old in Jilin province, 166 fell in the past year, and thus the incidence of falls was 20.75%. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that age ≥ 80 years old (OR = 2.555, 95%CI: 1.390–4.659), residence in rural areas (OR = 1.685, 95%CI: 1.048–2.710), cerebrovascular disease self-reported (OR = 1.947, 95%CI: 1.262–3.004), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self-reported (OR = 1.815, 95%CI: 1.009–3.263) and osteoarthritis self-reported (OR = 1.783, 95%CI: 1.153–2.759) were more likely to fall. Those exercising regularly (OR = 0.641, 95%CI: 0.423–0.970), self-assessing general health condition (OR = 0.292, 95%CI: 0.184–0.464) or good health conditions (OR = 0.149, 95%CI: 0.080–0.276) were not likely to fall.

Conclusion

The incidence of falls is high among the elderly in Jilin province. Age, place of residence, regular physical exercise, self-assessment of health status, and whether suffering from cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or osteoarthritis are the main influencing factors of falls among the elderly in this area.

, authors=Yuyuan JIA, Lu LI, Ting LIU, Xinrong LU, Wei GUO, authorsList=Yuyuan JIA, Lu LI, Ting LIU, Xinrong LU, Wei GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
GUO Wei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170648114778867, articleId=1321170645216514799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况及影响因素：一项2022年横断面调查, columnId=1321170608898036263, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——守护老年健康，提升生命质量, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况及其相关影响因素，为制定和实施老年人跌倒预防和控制策略提供科学依据和有效建议。

方法

于2022年7—12月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在吉林省长春市南关区、辽源市西安区、延边州安图县和四平市梨树县4个区（县）中抽取800名≥60岁常住老年人进行问卷调查。并应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析该地区老年人跌倒发生的影响因素。

结果

吉林省800名≥60岁老年人中，近1年内有166人发生跌倒，跌倒发生率为20.75%；多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，吉林省老年人年龄≥80岁（OR=2.555，95%CI=1.390～4.695）、居住在农村（OR=1.685，95%CI=1.048～2.710）、患脑血管病（OR=1.947，95%CI=1.262～3.004）、患慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR=1.815，95%CI=1.009～3.263）和患骨关节病（OR=1.783，95%CI=1.153～2.759）更易发生跌倒。吉林省老年人经常体育锻炼（OR=0.641，95%CI=0.423～0.970）、自评健康状况一般（OR=0.292，95%CI=0.184～0.464）和好的（OR=0.149，95%CI=0.080～0.276）不易发生跌倒。

结论

吉林省老年人跌倒发生率较高，年龄、居住地、是否经常体育锻炼、自评健康状况以及是否患脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、骨关节病是该地区老年人跌倒发生的主要影响因素。

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贾淯媛（1989—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制

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郭伟，E-mail：
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Comparison of the incidence of falls in the elderly with different characteristics in Jilin province in the past year

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数/人近1年跌倒例数/例跌倒率/%χ2值P值
性别男性3887018.043.3620.067
女性4129623.30
年龄/岁60～694397717.5411.0390.004
70～792846322.18
≥80772633.77
民族汉族75115420.510.4440.505
其他民族491224.49
文化程度小学及以下37010528.3824.484<0.001
初中2503413.60
高中及以上1802715.00
居住地城市4004711.7539.406<0.001
农村40011929.75
居住情况独居962930.215.9350.015
与他人同住70413719.46
现在吸烟否58212020.620.0220.881
是2184621.10
经常饮酒否68014821.762.8380.092
是1201815.00
经常体育锻炼否2316427.719.5550.002
是56910217.93
近1年参与健康体检否3106119.680.3540.552
是49010521.43
自评健康状况差1668148.80108.851<0.001
一般3516217.66
好283238.13
患高血压否4738517.975.4370.020
是3278124.77
患糖尿病否67113119.523.8090.051
是1293527.13
患高脂血症否61211819.283.4170.065
是1884825.53
患脑血管病否5869015.3638.726<0.001
是2147635.51
患心脏病否5118817.2210.7120.001
是2897826.99
患慢性阻塞性肺疾病否72713518.5723.036<0.001
是733142.47
患骨关节病否4876914.1732.789<0.001
是3139730.99
患骨质疏松症否64512118.768.0190.005
是1554529.03
), ArticleFig(id=1321170653374436123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170645216514799, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

吉林省不同特征老年人近1年跌倒发生情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数/人近1年跌倒例数/例跌倒率/%χ2值P值
性别男性3887018.043.3620.067
女性4129623.30
年龄/岁60～694397717.5411.0390.004
70～792846322.18
≥80772633.77
民族汉族75115420.510.4440.505
其他民族491224.49
文化程度小学及以下37010528.3824.484<0.001
初中2503413.60
高中及以上1802715.00
居住地城市4004711.7539.406<0.001
农村40011929.75
居住情况独居962930.215.9350.015
与他人同住70413719.46
现在吸烟否58212020.620.0220.881
是2184621.10
经常饮酒否68014821.762.8380.092
是1201815.00
经常体育锻炼否2316427.719.5550.002
是56910217.93
近1年参与健康体检否3106119.680.3540.552
是49010521.43
自评健康状况差1668148.80108.851<0.001
一般3516217.66
好283238.13
患高血压否4738517.975.4370.020
是3278124.77
患糖尿病否67113119.523.8090.051
是1293527.13
患高脂血症否61211819.283.4170.065
是1884825.53
患脑血管病否5869015.3638.726<0.001
是2147635.51
患心脏病否5118817.2210.7120.001
是2897826.99
患慢性阻塞性肺疾病否72713518.5723.036<0.001
是733142.47
患骨关节病否4876914.1732.789<0.001
是3139730.99
患骨质疏松症否64512118.768.0190.005
是1554529.03
), ArticleFig(id=1321170653466710812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170645216514799, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of falls among the elderly in Jilin province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄/岁70～7960～690.1340.2160.3820.5371.1430.748～1.746
≥800.9380.3109.1320.0032.5551.390～4.695
居住地农村城市0.5220.2424.6310.0311.6851.048～2.710
经常体育锻炼是否−0.4450.2114.4350.0350.6410.423～0.970
自评健康状况一般差−1.2310.23627.111<0.0010.2920.184～0.464
好−1.9070.31636.516<0.0010.1490.080～0.276
患脑血管病是否0.6660.2219.0620.0031.9471.262～3.004
患慢性阻塞性肺疾病是否0.5960.2993.9650.0461.8151.009～3.263
患骨关节病是否0.5790.2236.7560.0091.7831.153～2.759
), ArticleFig(id=1321170653558985501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170645216514799, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

吉林省老年人跌倒发生影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄/岁70～7960～690.1340.2160.3820.5371.1430.748～1.746
≥800.9380.3109.1320.0032.5551.390～4.695
居住地农村城市0.5220.2424.6310.0311.6851.048～2.710
经常体育锻炼是否−0.4450.2114.4350.0350.6410.423～0.970
自评健康状况一般差−1.2310.23627.111<0.0010.2920.184～0.464
好−1.9070.31636.516<0.0010.1490.080～0.276
患脑血管病是否0.6660.2219.0620.0031.9471.262～3.004
患慢性阻塞性肺疾病是否0.5960.2993.9650.0461.8151.009～3.263
患骨关节病是否0.5790.2236.7560.0091.7831.153～2.759
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吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况及影响因素：一项2022年横断面调查
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贾淯媛 , 李璐 , 刘婷 , 卢欣荣 , 郭伟 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——守护老年健康，提升生命质量 2025,41(12): 1456-1460
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——守护老年健康，提升生命质量 2025 , 41 (12) : 1456 -1460
吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况及影响因素：一项2022年横断面调查
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贾淯媛（1989—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制

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贾淯媛（1989—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制

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贾淯媛, 李璐, 刘婷, 卢欣荣, 郭伟*, *
作者信息
  • 吉林省疾病预防控制中心（吉林省预防医学科学院）慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所，长春 130062
通讯作者:
郭伟，E-mail：
作者简介:

贾淯媛（1989—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制

Incidence and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in Jilin province: a cross-sectional survey, 2022
Yuyuan JIA, Lu LI, Ting LIU, Xinrong LU, Wei GUO
Affiliations
  • Institute for Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Jilin Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    GUO Wei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147149
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摘要
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目的

了解吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况及其相关影响因素，为制定和实施老年人跌倒预防和控制策略提供科学依据和有效建议。

方法

于2022年7—12月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在吉林省长春市南关区、辽源市西安区、延边州安图县和四平市梨树县4个区（县）中抽取800名≥60岁常住老年人进行问卷调查。并应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析该地区老年人跌倒发生的影响因素。

结果

吉林省800名≥60岁老年人中，近1年内有166人发生跌倒，跌倒发生率为20.75%；多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，吉林省老年人年龄≥80岁（OR=2.555，95%CI=1.390～4.695）、居住在农村（OR=1.685，95%CI=1.048～2.710）、患脑血管病（OR=1.947，95%CI=1.262～3.004）、患慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR=1.815，95%CI=1.009～3.263）和患骨关节病（OR=1.783，95%CI=1.153～2.759）更易发生跌倒。吉林省老年人经常体育锻炼（OR=0.641，95%CI=0.423～0.970）、自评健康状况一般（OR=0.292，95%CI=0.184～0.464）和好的（OR=0.149，95%CI=0.080～0.276）不易发生跌倒。

结论

吉林省老年人跌倒发生率较高，年龄、居住地、是否经常体育锻炼、自评健康状况以及是否患脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、骨关节病是该地区老年人跌倒发生的主要影响因素。

跌倒  /  发生情况  /  影响因素  /  老年人  /  吉林省
Objective

To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of falls in the elderly of Jilin province and provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control of falls among the elderly.

Methods

From July to December 2022, 800 permanent residents aged ≥ 60 years old were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling from Nanguan district of Changchun city, Xi′an district of Liaoyuan city, Antu county of Yanbian prefecture, and Lishu county of Siping city in Jilin province. The main influencing factors of falls in the elderly in this area were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Among the 800 permanent residents aged ≥ 60 years old in Jilin province, 166 fell in the past year, and thus the incidence of falls was 20.75%. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that age ≥ 80 years old (OR = 2.555, 95%CI: 1.390–4.659), residence in rural areas (OR = 1.685, 95%CI: 1.048–2.710), cerebrovascular disease self-reported (OR = 1.947, 95%CI: 1.262–3.004), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self-reported (OR = 1.815, 95%CI: 1.009–3.263) and osteoarthritis self-reported (OR = 1.783, 95%CI: 1.153–2.759) were more likely to fall. Those exercising regularly (OR = 0.641, 95%CI: 0.423–0.970), self-assessing general health condition (OR = 0.292, 95%CI: 0.184–0.464) or good health conditions (OR = 0.149, 95%CI: 0.080–0.276) were not likely to fall.

Conclusion

The incidence of falls is high among the elderly in Jilin province. Age, place of residence, regular physical exercise, self-assessment of health status, and whether suffering from cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or osteoarthritis are the main influencing factors of falls among the elderly in this area.

fall  /  incidence  /  influencing factor  /  the elderly  /  Jilin province
贾淯媛, 李璐, 刘婷, 卢欣荣, 郭伟. 吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况及影响因素：一项2022年横断面调查. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1456 -1460 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147149
Yuyuan JIA, Lu LI, Ting LIU, Xinrong LU, Wei GUO. Incidence and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in Jilin province: a cross-sectional survey, 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1456 -1460 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147149
正文
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研究表明，老年人群中跌倒已成为造成伤害的首要因素，在中国更是导致老年人伤害死亡的首要原因[1]。1990—2017年全球因跌倒导致的死亡人数几乎翻了一倍，其中老年人跌倒问题显得尤为突出[2]。跌倒可导致老年人伤残，严重威胁其身心健康，给家庭和社会造成极大经济负担，成为严重的公共卫生问题之一[3]。根据第七次全国人口普查数据，2020年吉林省65岁及以上人口占比为15.61%，高于全国平均水平（13.50%）[4]，老龄化程度较高，因此，预防老年人跌倒、关注老年人健康的工作至关重要。为了解吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况及相关影响因素，为制定和实施老年人跌倒预防和控制策略提供科学依据与有效建议，本研究于2022年7—12月，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在吉林省长春市南关区、辽源市西安区、延边州安图县和四平市梨树县4个区（县）中抽取800名≥60岁常住老年人进行问卷调查，并应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析该地区老年人跌倒发生的主要影响因素。结果报告如下。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法。首先在吉林省按城乡比例1:1随机抽取4个区（县）作为项目调查点（长春市南关区、辽源市西安区为城市调查点，延边州安图县、四平市梨树县为农村调查点）；其次采用按规模大小成比例的抽样方法在每个项目调查点各随机抽取2个乡镇（街道）作为样本乡镇（街道）；再采用按规模大小成比例的抽样方法在每个样本乡镇（街道）各随机抽取2个村（居）委会作为样本村（居）委会；最后采用简单随机抽样方法在每个样本村（居）委会各随机抽取50名在当地居住≥6个月且意识清楚、无认知障碍或严重精神障碍的非集体居住的≥60岁老年人作为调查对象进行问卷调查。本研究经中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查批准（批号：202110），且所有调查对象均签署知情同意书。本次应调查800人，实际有效调查800人，有效应答率为100%。
1.2　方法
采用由中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心统一编制的调查问卷，由经过统一培训且考核合格的调查员进行面访调查。内容包括性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、居住地、居住情况、是否现在吸烟、是否经常饮酒、是否经常体育锻炼、近1年是否参加过健康体检、近1年内跌倒发生情况、自评健康状况以及高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、脑血管病、心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、骨关节病、骨质疏松症患病情况。其中，现在吸烟指调查时存在吸烟行为，包括每日吸烟和偶尔吸烟[5]；经常饮酒指近6个月内饮酒≥3次/周[6]；经常体育锻炼指近6个月内进行持续≥10分钟/次的规律性锻炼活动≥3天/周[5]；高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、脑血管病、心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、骨关节病和骨质疏松症患病情况指调查对象自我报告曾在社区卫生服务中心及以上级别医疗机构确诊患有此种疾病。
1.3　质量控制
本研究建立了国家级、省级和项目点三级质量控制体系。由国家项目组提供统一电子调查问卷，制定统一填写说明。调查员经过统一培训并进行考核，合格后方能参加现场调查工作。管理系统以调查点为单位，自动抽取调查问卷推送至省级进行审核，保证每位调查员有≥1份调查问卷被抽到。省级项目组将审核结果通过质量管理系统上报至国家项目组，并反馈至调查点。
1.4　统计分析
应用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料采用率或构成比来描述；组间比较采用χ2检验。老年人跌倒发生的影响因素采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析。效应值采用OR值及95%CI表示。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
2　结　果
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2.1　一般情况
吉林省调查的800名老年人中，男性388人（48.50%），女性412人（51.50%）；年龄60～101岁，平均年龄（69.8±6.6）岁；其中60～69岁439人（54.88%），70～79岁284人（35.50%），≥80岁77人（9.62%）；汉族751人（93.88%），其他民族49人（6.12%）；文化程度小学及以下370人（46.25%），初中250人（31.25%），高中及以上180人（22.50%）；居住在城市400人（50.00%），农村400人（50.00%）；独居96人（12.00%），与他人同住704人（88.00%）；现在不吸烟582人（72.75%），现在吸烟218人（27.25%）；不经常饮酒680人（85.00%），经常饮酒120人（15.00%）；不经常体育锻炼231人（28.88%），经常体育锻炼569人（71.12%）；近1年未参加过健康体检310人（38.75%），参加过健康体检490人（61.25%）；自评健康状况差166人（20.75%），一般351人（43.87%），好283人（35.38%）；未患高血压473人（59.13%），患高血压327例（40.87%）；未患糖尿病671人（83.87%），患糖尿病129例（16.13%）；未患高脂血症612人（76.50%），患高脂血症188例（23.50%）；未患脑血管病586人（73.25%），患脑血管病214例（26.75%）；未患心脏病511人（63.87%），患心脏病289例（36.13%）；未患慢性阻塞性肺疾病727人（90.87%），患慢性阻塞性肺疾病73例（9.13%）；未患骨关节病487人（60.87%），患骨关节病313例（39.13%）；未患骨质疏松症645人（80.63%），患骨质疏松症155例（19.37%）。
2.2　吉林省老年人跌倒发生情况（表1）
调查吉林省的800名老年人中，近1年内有166人发生跌倒，跌倒发生率为20.75%。吉林省不同特征老年人比较，不同年龄、文化程度、居住地、居住情况、自评健康状况以及是否经常体育锻炼、患高血压、脑血管病、心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、骨关节病、骨质疏松症患病情况老年人近1年跌倒发生率不同，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。
2.3　吉林省老年人跌倒发生影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析（表2）
以吉林省老年人是否跌倒为因变量（0=否，1=是），以年龄、文化程度、居住地、居住情况、自评健康状况、是否经常体育锻炼、是否患高血压、是否患脑血管病、是否患心脏病、是否患慢性阻塞性肺疾病、是否患骨关节病和是否患骨质疏松症共12个因素为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示，年龄≥80岁、居住在农村、不经常体育锻炼、自评健康状况差、患脑血管病、患慢性阻塞性肺疾病和患骨关节病的老年人更易跌倒。
3　讨　论
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本次调查结果显示，吉林省≥60岁常住老年人近1年内跌倒发生率为20.75%，与四川省老年人跌倒发生率的20.7%[7]相近。高于中国社区老年人跌倒发生率的14.7%[8]、中国四城市社区老年人跌倒发生率的19.2%[9]、河北省社区老年人跌倒发生率的14.04%[10]和辽宁省大连市社区老年人跌倒发生率的19.2%[11]。提示吉林省老年人跌倒发生率较高。这可能与吉林省特殊地理环境和冬季寒冷气候导致冰雪路面使老年人出行更易发生跌倒有关。因此，建议将预防跌倒纳入该地区老年人健康重点工作中。
多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄≥80岁、居住在农村、患脑血管病、患慢性阻塞性肺疾病和患骨关节病的吉林省老年人跌倒更易发生。年龄≥80岁老年人跌倒发生风险为60～69岁老年人的2.555倍（95%CI=1.390～4.695），与山东省青岛市市北区[12]和安徽省[13]的研究结果一致。这可能与高龄老年人身体各项生理功能减弱、器官老化、肌肉力量下降和平衡能力降低导致跌倒发生的风险增加有关[14]。居住在农村老年人跌倒发生风险为居住在城市老年人的1.685倍（95%CI=1.048～2.710），与丁贤彬等[15]研究结果一致。这可能与农村老年人较城市老年人接受跌倒预防相关教育的机会较少，使得其在面对跌倒风险时往往缺少自我保护意识，行为态度较为消极有关[7]。且农村仍有部分老年人从事农业生产，加上农村道路较崎岖，冬季下雪更加湿滑，因此更易跌倒。患脑血管病老年人跌倒发生风险为未患脑血管病老年人的1.947倍（95%CI=1.262～3.004），与陈杨等[16 – 17]研究结果一致。这可能是因为脑血管病会影响到患者感觉和反应能力，从而引起头晕等症状，尤其是脑卒中患者还存在肌无力或肌肉痉挛等情况[18]，且多伴随体位控制能力的受损。因此，其在行走时更易发生跌倒。患慢性阻塞性肺疾病老年人跌倒发生风险为未患慢性阻塞性肺疾病老年人的1.815倍（95%CI=1.009～3.263），与王夏东等[19 – 20]的研究结果一致，可能与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者会出现心肺功能下降、血氧饱和度下降、肌肉萎缩、骨骼肌肉系统易疲劳、肌肉力量或耐力下降等情况，从而影响患者的平衡能力，导致其跌倒的风险更大有关。患骨关节病老年人跌倒发生风险为未患骨关节病老年人的1.783倍（95%CI=1.153～2.759），与姜杰等[17,21]研究结果一致。骨关节病是一种退行性疾病，关节软骨退变出现疼痛、肿胀和活动受限等症状，可损害神经肌肉功能[10]，影响老年人的骨骼肌肉力量和平衡控制能力[15]，从而导致其行动不便造成跌倒。
多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果还显示，经常体育锻炼、自评健康状况一般和好的吉林省老年人不易发生跌倒。经常进行体育锻炼老年人的跌倒发生风险为不经常进行体育锻炼老年人的0.641倍（95%CI=0.423～0.970），与相关研究[16,22–23]结果一致。这可能与科学规律的运动能够锻炼老年人的肌肉力量，改善骨密度，从而有效提高其反应和平衡能力，降低跌倒的发生风险[24]。自评健康状况一般和好的老年人的跌倒发生风险分别为自评健康状况差的老年人的0.292倍（95%CI=0.184～0.464）和0.149倍（95%CI=0.080～0.276），与李泰桢等[7,15]研究结果一致。自评健康状况虽然主观因素居多，但通常能反映老年人自身身体机能，由于自评健康状况较差的老年人运动能力和感知功能下降，因此容易出现注意力不集中、反应迟钝和步态不稳等情况，从而更易导致跌倒的发生[14,25]。孙丝雨等[18]研究认为，自评健康状况差可能会增加老年人对跌倒的恐惧，从而引发负面情绪导致其在日常生活中注意力分散而增加跌倒的可能性。
综上所述，吉林省老年人跌倒发生率较高，应重点对高龄、居住在农村、不经常体育锻炼、身体健康状况差以及患脑血管病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、骨关节病的老年人采取干预措施。重点加强对老年人预防跌倒知识和技能的科普宣传教育，进一步提升老年人自身预防跌倒的健康素养，引导老年人积极参与适度的体育锻炼，延缓身体功能的下降并提高其平衡能力。及时防治脑血管病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和骨关节病等增高跌倒发生风险的疾病，在减少老年人跌倒发生的同时降低跌倒发生后的损伤程度。本研究分析了吉林省老年人跌倒的发生情况以及影响因素，为后续开展老年人跌倒防控工作提供参考依据。但本次为问卷调查，收集的信息为调查对象自我报告，可能会存在回忆偏倚。且本次仅对省内4个项目点进行调查，样本量有限，地区代表性不足。因此，在今后的研究中应进一步增加调查地区和样本量。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147149
  • 接收时间：2025-02-18
  • 首发时间：2026-10-25
  • 出版时间：2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-18
  • 修回日期：2025-05-12
  • 录用日期：2025-07-24
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    吉林省疾病预防控制中心（吉林省预防医学科学院）慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所，长春 130062

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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