Article(id=1321169566064030168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169495406785472, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146778, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735056000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-25, revisedDate=1753545600000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-27, acceptedDate=1754928000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-12, onlineDate=1792920970693, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792920970693, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792920970693, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792920970693, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169495406785472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='11', pageStart='1281', pageEnd='1408', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792920953847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793011176900, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321547918390178721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169495406785472, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321547918390178722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169495406785472, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1403, endPage=1408, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169566525403609, articleId=1321169566064030168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Research progress in 222-nm ultraviolet C light for disinfection: a review, columnId=1320427713148597230, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an emerging disinfection technology, 222-nm ultraviolet C light (222-nm UVC) has attracted considerable research interest due to its potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and potentially favorable biosafety profile. This review provides a systematic examination of the photochemical mechanisms mediating the germicidal effects of 222-nm UVC and comprehensively evaluates the biosafety of this technology, with a particular emphasis on potential impacts on cutaneous barrier integrity and ocular surface tissue. Furthermore, we discuss the risk of ozone generation during 222-nm UVC application and critically analyze recent advances in disinfection protocols and device development. By synthesizing current evidence, this review aims to establish a scientific foundation for the precise clinical implementation of this technology and optimize the balance between antimicrobial efficacy and human safety to facilitate the translational applications of this technology in healthcare-associated infection control and public health emergency management.

, authors=Zhongru ZHAO1, 2, Shubin HAO3, Hongling WEN1, 2, authorsList=Zhongru ZHAO, Shubin HAO, Hongling WEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongling WEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WEN Hongling, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169566907085274, articleId=1321169566064030168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=222纳米紫外线消毒技术研究进展, columnId=1320427713358312432, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=综 述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来222纳米紫外线(222-nm UVC)作为一种新兴的消毒技术,因其高效、广谱的杀菌特性和潜在的低生物危害性而受到广泛关注。本文系统综述了222-nm UVC的光化学作用机制及其杀菌效果,并综合评估该技术的生物安全性,重点关注其对皮肤屏障功能与眼表组织的潜在风险。同时还探讨222-nm UVC在应用过程中伴随的臭氧的生成风险,并评述相关的消毒策略及新型消毒设备的研究进展。旨在为该技术的精准化应用提供理论依据;兼顾抗菌效能与人体安全,推动其在院内感染控制及公共卫生危机应对中的转化应用。

, authors=赵中如1, 2, 郝树彬3, 温红玲1, 2, *, *, authorsList=赵中如, 郝树彬, 温红玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=温红玲, authorNote=

赵中如(2000—),在读硕士,研究方向:微生物检验

, correspAuthorsNote=
温红玲,E-mail:
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222纳米紫外线消毒技术研究进展
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赵中如 1, 2 , 郝树彬 3 , 温红玲 1, 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 综 述 2025,41(11): 1403-1408
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中国公共卫生 |综 述 2025 , 41 (11) : 1403 -1408
222纳米紫外线消毒技术研究进展
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赵中如1, 2, 郝树彬3, 温红玲1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1山东大学公共卫生学院卫生检验与检疫学系,济南 250012
  • 2山东省高等学校新发突发传染病防控与生物安全重点实验室,济南 250012
  • 3山东省医疗器械与药品包装检验研究院,济南 250000
通讯作者:
温红玲,E-mail:
作者简介:

赵中如(2000—),在读硕士,研究方向:微生物检验

Research progress in 222-nm ultraviolet C light for disinfection: a review
Zhongru ZHAO1, 2, Shubin HAO3, Hongling WEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
  • 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Higher Education Institutions, Jinan 250012, China
  • 3Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, Jinan 250000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WEN Hongling, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146778
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近年来222纳米紫外线(222-nm UVC)作为一种新兴的消毒技术,因其高效、广谱的杀菌特性和潜在的低生物危害性而受到广泛关注。本文系统综述了222-nm UVC的光化学作用机制及其杀菌效果,并综合评估该技术的生物安全性,重点关注其对皮肤屏障功能与眼表组织的潜在风险。同时还探讨222-nm UVC在应用过程中伴随的臭氧的生成风险,并评述相关的消毒策略及新型消毒设备的研究进展。旨在为该技术的精准化应用提供理论依据;兼顾抗菌效能与人体安全,推动其在院内感染控制及公共卫生危机应对中的转化应用。

消毒技术  /  222纳米紫外线  /  安全性  /  有效性

As an emerging disinfection technology, 222-nm ultraviolet C light (222-nm UVC) has attracted considerable research interest due to its potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and potentially favorable biosafety profile. This review provides a systematic examination of the photochemical mechanisms mediating the germicidal effects of 222-nm UVC and comprehensively evaluates the biosafety of this technology, with a particular emphasis on potential impacts on cutaneous barrier integrity and ocular surface tissue. Furthermore, we discuss the risk of ozone generation during 222-nm UVC application and critically analyze recent advances in disinfection protocols and device development. By synthesizing current evidence, this review aims to establish a scientific foundation for the precise clinical implementation of this technology and optimize the balance between antimicrobial efficacy and human safety to facilitate the translational applications of this technology in healthcare-associated infection control and public health emergency management.

disinfection technology  /  222-nm ultraviolet C light  /  safety  /  effectiveness
赵中如, 郝树彬, 温红玲. 222纳米紫外线消毒技术研究进展. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (11) : 1403 -1408 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146778
Zhongru ZHAO, Shubin HAO, Hongling WEN. Research progress in 222-nm ultraviolet C light for disinfection: a review[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (11) : 1403 -1408 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146778
紫外线消毒技术因其高效、广谱的杀菌特性,在医疗、公共卫生和日常生活等领域得到了广泛应用。其中,传统的254纳米(nm)紫外线以其操作简便和显著的杀菌效果成为主流选择。然而,该波段的紫外线在杀灭病原体的同时,也会造成人体皮肤细胞损伤、诱导嘧啶二聚体的形成,存在潜在的致癌风险。这一局限性促使研究者们不断探索更为安全的紫外线消毒技术。近年来,222纳米紫外线(222-nm UVC)因其显著改善的生物安全性而受到广泛关注。研究表明,222-nm UVC不仅能有效杀灭多种病原体,还能显著减少对人类DNA的损伤,从而在杀菌效率与生物安全性之间实现更好的平衡。这一发现为紫外线消毒技术的研发提供了新的方向。
根据波长(nm)和能量,紫外线可分为4个主要区域:100~200 nm的真空紫外线、200~280 nm的短波紫外线(UVC)、280~315 nm的中波紫外线(UVB),以及315~400 nm的长波紫外线(UVA)。其中,UVA和UVB能穿透组织深层,可能导致眼部白内障和皮肤癌,而UVC则被眼睛和皮肤的外层吸收,并在不断脱落的表皮细胞中发挥作用,相对安全。UVC在灭活微生物方面展现了巨大潜力[1]。其主要机制是破坏微生物的遗传物质,通过诱导嘧啶二聚体的形成破坏DNA和RNA的正常结构,进而干扰转录和复制,最终导致细胞功能紊乱[2–3]。此外,UVC能够抑制与DNA修复相关的酶,进一步加剧细胞损伤。有证据表明,UVC光子可与细胞膜相互作用,氧化脂质中的不饱和脂肪酸,生成醛类或酮类化合物,从而增强其灭活效果[4]。
222-nm UVC的杀菌效果指其消灭病原体的能力,通常以辐照前后细菌数量的对数减少值评估;受多种因素影响,包括辐射剂量、波长、暴露时间以及微生物对UVC的敏感性等。根据美国政府工业卫生学家委员会(ACGIH)的建议,对于正常人而言,每日可接受的222-nm UVC的辐射暴露限值设定为,眼睛角膜照射<160 mJ/cm2、皮肤照射则<478 mJ/cm2。
Welch D等[5]的研究表明,在2 mJ/cm2的低剂量条件下,222-nm UVC对雾化流感病毒(H1N1)的灭活效率达到95%。在1.7 mJ/cm2的剂量条件下,对雾化冠状病毒HCoV-229E的灭活效率达到99.9%。当剂量调整至1.2 mJ/cm2时,222-nm UVC对冠状病毒HCoV-OC43也能达到相同的灭活效率[2]。多项研究数据表明,在特定剂量下,222-nm UVC展现出对多种呼吸道病毒的广谱杀菌能力[6–10]。
Buonanno M等[11]的研究表明,在2~150 mJ/cm2的辐射剂量下,222-nm UVC能够使耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的数量减少0.7~4.7个对数值。当辐射剂量达到25 mJ/cm2时,MRSA的数量减少4.5个对数值。但是,此后减少趋势趋于平缓,出现平台期。Kaiki Y等[12]同样的一项体外辐照实验结果显示,在9~60 mJ/cm2的辐照剂量下,MRSA培养物的数量减少2.91~5.41个对数值,在30 mJ/cm2的剂量下,MRSA的数量减少4.86个对数值。Taylor W等[13]对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)细胞生长的对数期与稳定期进行体外研究,比较222-nm UVC照射后细菌的存活情况。结果显示,无论是处于对数期还是稳定期的MRSA培养物,在222-nm UVC照射后数量均减少99%以上;与稳定期的细胞相比,对数期的MRSA培养物表现出更为显著的减少效果,两者相差10倍。Goh J C等[14]针对铜绿假单胞菌、艰难梭菌和大肠杆菌的222-nm UVC照射研究表明,在540 mJ/cm2的剂量下,艰难梭菌达到完全灭菌效果(未检出存活菌落),而铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌的灭活效率相对较低。Narita K等[15]的研究结果显示,在受控的实验室环境中,当使用50 mJ/cm2的剂量时,艰难梭菌能够被完全杀灭。而对于铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌,则需要施加更高的剂量才能达到灭菌的效果。Taylor W等[13]的研究表明,在425 mJ/cm2的剂量下,艰难梭菌芽孢达到完全灭菌效果。这一发现与其他研究结果相吻合,相较于艰难梭菌,222-nm UVC在杀灭铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌时需要更高的剂量。Ivanova I等[16]的研究表明,222-nm UVC在12 mJ/cm2的辐照剂量下,大肠杆菌数量减少4.4个对数值,当辐照剂量达到或超过50 mJ/cm2时,大肠杆菌的数量减少6.5个对数值。在评估大肠杆菌的灭菌效果时,Ivanova I等[16]的结果与Narita K等[15]的发现一致,两者均确认消除99.9%细菌所需的辐照剂量为12 mJ/cm2。当前研究表明,对于大约2/3的细菌、细菌芽孢、真菌、病毒及病原生生物而言,10 mJ/cm2的辐照剂量足以在所有介质中实现90%或更高的微生物减少率[2,5,11–16]。当辐照剂量提升至100 mJ/cm2时,几乎所有被检测的病原体均至少减少3个对数值[8]。与254-nm UVC辐照所需的对数减少剂量相比,222-nm UVC所需的剂量约为前者的1.3倍[8]。
传统低压汞灯产生的254-nm UVC具有显著的杀菌效果,但长期暴露会导致细胞核酸发生光二聚化,形成嘧啶二聚体。最常见的嘧啶二聚体包括环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD)和嘧啶酮光产物(6-4PPs),造成人体皮肤、眼睛等组织损伤,可能诱发角膜炎、结膜炎等眼部疾病;加速皮肤老化过程,引发红斑乃至皮肤癌的风险。此外,远紫外线会促使周围环境中的氧气转化为臭氧(O3)。作为一种化学性质活泼的气体,臭氧已证实能对呼吸系统、心血管系统及中枢神经系统产生不良影响。同时,臭氧还会与空气中的挥发性有机化合物反应,诱导生成超细颗粒物(UFPs),威胁人体健康。而目前的研究结果显示,222-nm UVC则具有较好的皮肤安全性、眼睛安全性及臭氧安全性。
Welch D等[17]通过构建三维人体皮肤模型并进行实验测量,发现UVC波长与皮肤损伤之间存在显著关联,随着UVC波长的增加,表皮损伤程度逐渐加重。然而,相较于传统的杀菌UVC波长(254-nm),远UVC波长(200~240 nm)则表现出差异性,其并不会引发显著的DNA损伤。Buonanno M等[11]使用多层人体3D皮肤模型模拟表皮和真皮的生理反应,结果表明,在25~145 mJ/cm2的222-nm UVC照射下,未在角质形成细胞中诱导出CPD和6-4PPs。同样,在相同的222-nm波长下,500 mJ/cm2的高辐照剂量组与假照射对照组相比,在角质层正下方观察到极小的浅表DNA损伤,暴露诱导的6–4PPs不超过4%,4%的角质形成细胞生成CPD,与日常阳光暴露的结果相比,DNA损伤更小[11]。此外,在针对人类皮肤实行的红斑诱导实验中,当辐照剂量达到18 000 mJ/cm2时,并未观察到有皮肤红斑的产生[18]。这些研究结果表明,远UVC波长(200~240 nm)在皮肤安全性方面表现良好。
由于目前尚未开展长期的系统性人体实验,关于222-nm UVC辐射的潜在生物学效应及其作用机制的研究仍存在较大空白。
Fukui T等[19]利用兔子伤口作为模型,模拟了人类手术部位的感染情况。使用装配有滤光片的UVC设备,将发射光谱限制在200~230 nm,最大输出波长为222-nm。500 mJ/cm2照射1 h的结果显示,筋膜、肌肉和骨骼中出现微量的CPD,而在关节软骨中则未观察到任何损伤。Buonanno M等[11]开展一项综合性的实验研究,采用Kr-Cl准分子灯作为光源,并装配了定制的滤光片,通过限制222-nm波长以外的光波透射,可显著提升光谱的纯度。以157 mJ/cm2的剂量照射477只正常未受伤的小鼠皮肤。结果显示,角质形成细胞中未出现CPD和6–4PPs的损伤。Fukui T等[19]在兔子模型中发现,CPD在脂肪组织中存在显著。这一现象可能归因于脂肪组织特有的构成成分,以及该组织相对缺乏高效的DNA损伤防护机制。此观察结果与Ponnaiya B等[20]及Narita K等[21]的研究报道相吻合。研究还发现,在UVC照射后24 h,脂肪组织中的CPD阳性细胞数量显著下降至几乎可忽略不计的水平。这一变化可能反映了生物体内DNA损伤修复机制的活跃作用。表明即便是在高剂量的222-nm UVC单次或重复照射下诱导产生的CPD,也可能通过生物体的自我修复机制得到恢复,且其潜在危害性可能并不显著。
一些研究深入探讨长达数周乃至数月的长期远UVC暴露对动物模型所产生的影响,并得到一些初步结果。Welch D等[22]将无毛白化小鼠暴露于400 mJ/cm2的222-nm UVC中,每周5 d,经过66周的慢性暴露后,未观察到任何致癌性皮肤变化或其他异常。同样,Yamano N等[23]在Xpa基因敲除的无毛白化小鼠中进行周期15 w的长期暴露实验,也未发现任何致癌性皮肤变化。相比之下,在暴露于UVB的对照组中,每只小鼠均观察到多个肿瘤。此外,在美国政府工业卫生学家委员会(ACGIH)推荐的远紫外线暴露剂量下,对无毛小鼠连续暴露65 w的结果显示,未发现皮肤癌增加、皮肤异常生长或偶然的皮肤病理学发现的证据[22]。Narita K等[21]以450 mJ/cm2的辐照剂量将正常的HosHr–1小鼠实行每日一次的辐照处理,持续10 d。在此实验条件下,未在受照小鼠细胞中检测到CPD的表达。在皮肤安全方面,相比于传统的254-nm UVC,222-nm UVC作为杀菌剂的安全性更高[2,6,11]。根据当前的ACGIH暴露指南,尚无证据表明222-nm UVC会造成皮肤伤害或引发不适感。尽管现有的证据均一致支持222-nm UVC对人体皮肤的安全性,但为了更精确地界定其在安全消毒应用中的适用范围,仍需通过进一步实验明确其具体的使用阈值。
与皮肤研究相比,关于222-nm UVC暴露对眼部安全的研究相对较少。紫外线诱导的角膜或结膜炎症损伤分别称为光性角膜炎或光结膜炎,两者均会引起轻度到重度不适。Sliney D H等[24]通过自我实验,在单眼暴露后检测光性角膜炎的发生情况。当辐照剂量低于当前的暴露指南所设定的安全水平时,无法通过检测观察到显著变化;然而,在相对较高的辐照剂量条件下,实验者确实感受到了刺痛感,泪膜的自然蒸发速度加快。远紫外光子有可能会破坏泪膜表层脂质分子的化学键,致使其分解,从而加剧泪膜的蒸发速度。因此,有必要继续进行人体研究以评估敏感个体在暴露于远紫外线后可能出现的眼部损伤。Kaidzu S等[25]针对大鼠眼睛的研究显示,诱发角膜损伤所需的最小UVC剂量远高于当前推荐的监管限值。此外,Kaidzu S等[25]还在啮齿动物模型中,就222-nm UVC以及其他具有不同阈值的紫外线波长对光性角膜炎的发生情况进行深入研究。在222-nm波长下,当辐照剂量达到1 500 mJ/cm2时,出现浅层的角膜光化学损伤(CPD);当辐照剂量不超过3 500 mJ/cm2时,则未发现有光性角膜炎的迹象[25–27]。近期,一项关于长期远紫外线暴露对人体眼部安全性的原位研究结果显示,在经过长达12个月的暴露后,未观察到任何不良影响出现[28]。另一项长期研究采用无毛白化小鼠作为实验对象,通过每周3次、每次剂量为500 mJ/cm2的远紫外线照射,持续进行10 w的观察,在此期间并未观察到小鼠眼部出现任何不良影响[23]。
臭氧已被科学证实会对人体的呼吸系统、心血管系统及中枢神经系统产生不良影响,并已制定了暴露限值。臭氧的浓度通常以微克每立方米(μg/m3)为单位。美国政府工业卫生学家会议(ACGIH)限制久坐工作的空气中臭氧阈值(TLV)为200 μg/m3,而一天内剧烈运动工作的阈值为该值的一半(100 μg/m3)[29]。
相较于长波紫外线UVA(315~400 nm),波长在240 nm以下的短波紫外线具有更高的臭氧生成潜力。然而,关于222-nm UVC在实际应用中产生及消散臭氧分子的效率问题,目前仍认知不足[30–31]。臭氧的产生效率(即氧气吸收紫外线辐射转化为臭氧的效率)在很大程度上依赖于紫外线的波长,且这一效率在大约160 nm的波长处达到峰值,随着波长的逐步增加,臭氧的产生效率呈现出急剧下降的趋势。臭氧的吸收峰值恰好对应于低压汞灯的峰值波长,即254-nm。在这一波长下,臭氧的吸收会导致其自身的分解反应,进而使得空气中的臭氧浓度有所降低[31]。Peng Z等[32]通过两项独立研究,深入探讨现实生活环境中远紫外线使用所引发的臭氧生成情况,其中一项在酒店房间内、另一项则在相对封闭的办公室环境中。在酒店房间的测试中,开启远紫外线灯后,室内臭氧浓度上升(11.4±1.6)μg/m3;而在办公室环境的测试中,该增量为(10.2±1.8)μg/m3[32]。这两项研究所得出的臭氧增量均值均接近10 μg/m3,远低于当前各项监管标准所设定的阈值。考虑到现实应用中远紫外线的使用量,这一数值可视为上限估计。一是研究中采用的远紫外线剂量已超出ACGIH所推荐的限值;二是测试房间均具备较好的密闭性,而远紫外线设备预期将主要应用于空气交换率更高的公共室内空间。因此,在实际生活场景中,远紫外线使用所导致的臭氧水平不会超过10 μg/m3。
关于臭氧与挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)之间的相互作用,已有实验测量和数值模拟研究提供了相关数据[33–34]。在臭氧浓度较低(<100 μg/m3)的情况下,臭氧与VOCs的反应速率较低。远紫外线诱导产生的臭氧导致显著超细颗粒物(UFPs)生成的可能性较小。Kalliomäki P等[35]在17.5~289.0 nm粒径范围内监测空气传播UFPs的浓度。研究结果表明,相较于紫外线生成的臭氧,通风等其他因素对于室内UFPs浓度的影响更为显著。因此,可以得出结论,在远紫外线灯产生的臭氧浓度极低的情况下,其对室内空气质量及UFPs生成的影响相对有限。
紫外线消毒技术可与其他消毒策略协同应用,以强化其消毒效果[36]。采用低剂量紫外线照射(或缩短紫外线暴露时长)与化学消毒剂结合使用的综合策略已受到广泛关注。这种联合应用的基础在于,每种消毒方法均拥有独特的作用机制及分子作用靶点,相较于单独应用,能够产生互补的消毒效果[37]。过氧化氢蒸气或气态臭氧与UVC照射的联合使用,已被证实能有效增强对艰难梭菌的灭活能力[38]。在采用UVC光预处理5 min后,再实行过氧化氢消毒,能够显著提升医院病房墙面上甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌及艰难梭菌的灭活效率[39]。紫外线照射还可利用反射面或反射结构提升消毒效率。研究显示,消毒反应器材料的反射性会对污染物表面各部位接收到的UVC剂量产生影响,这一特性有效强化了紫外线对难以直接照射的阴影区域的消毒效能[40]。此外,通过结合使用反光涂料和加湿器,UVC消毒的有效性可进一步提升约20%[41]。这些发现为优化UVC消毒技术提供了科学依据,展示了多种策略综合应用在实际操作中的潜力。
在COVID-19大流行期间,自动UVC技术设备在封闭区域(医院、工作办公室、学校、购物中心和机场)为对抗病原体传播提供了支持,同时减少了对人工监督和操作的依赖。经验证实,AVA紫外线消毒机器人对SARS-CoV-2病毒的杀灭率可达99.99%[36]。UVD机器人在有效保障机场及运输站等场所旅客的安全与健康的同时,能够有效灭活包括MRSA和艰难梭菌在内的多种病原体,灭活率达99.99%[42]。部分UVC机器人能够与其他消毒策略协同作业。例如,TMiRob和DR1001机器人结合UVC灯与过氧化氢的双重消毒模式[36]。机器人Y–C2根据操作员的要求可以使用3种不同的技术消毒,即冷等离子体、过氧化氢和UVC射线。这些自动UVC技术设备的多样化与智能化应用,不仅提升了公共卫生水平,也预示着未来消毒技术在自动化、高效化与综合化方面的发展趋势。
为了全面了解222-nm UVC对人体组织的生物学效应,深入探究其作用机制及潜在风险至关重要。未来的研究需突破对传统紫外线认知的局限,进一步挖掘包括DNA单链断裂(SSB)、双链断裂(DSB)、DNA–DNA及DNA–蛋白质交联等新型生物学效应机制,并评估关键发色团在缓解这些效应中的作用机制,同时探讨损伤传递的潜在风险。研究还需聚焦于最佳杀菌剂量的确定、标准化评估体系的开发,以及深入分析长期慢性暴露对皮肤和眼睛的影响。此外,泪膜的防护效果及个体差异的精确测量也亟待解决。在应用方面,222-nm UVC技术有望广泛应用于公共卫生、医疗、食品和制药行业的空气净化和表面消毒。未来,结合智能控制和便捷设备,UVC技术将在消毒机器人、家电和个性化防护设备中得到普及。此外,技术的集成与智能化将提升其消毒效率。未来研究也需关注其环境影响,推动绿色、可持续的发展。通过这些多维度的探索,222-nm UVC技术将为公共卫生和个人防护提供更全面的解决方案。

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2025年第41卷第11期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146778
  • 接收时间:2024-12-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-25
  • 修回日期:2025-07-27
  • 录用日期:2025-08-12
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    1山东大学公共卫生学院卫生检验与检疫学系,济南 250012
    2山东省高等学校新发突发传染病防控与生物安全重点实验室,济南 250012
    3山东省医疗器械与药品包装检验研究院,济南 250000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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