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Article(id=1321169552055058530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169495406785472, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146637, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733760000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-10, revisedDate=1745683200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-27, acceptedDate=1754928000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-12, onlineDate=1792920967353, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792920967353, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792920967353, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792920967353, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169495406785472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='11', pageStart='1281', pageEnd='1408', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792920953847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793011176900, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321547918390178721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169495406785472, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321547918390178722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169495406785472, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1357, endPage=1360, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169552340271203, articleId=1321169552055058530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Impacts of different vaccination doses and intervals on the age of onset in mumps-containing vaccine breakthrough cases, columnId=1321169511030571850, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Vaccine Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the impacts of different vaccination doses and intervals on the age of onset in mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) breakthrough cases, providing evidence for optimizing MuCV immunization strategies.

Methods

Data were matched from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Chongqing Immunization Planning Information Management System. MuCV breakthrough cases in children born in Shapingba district between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2023, who received MuCV and were diagnosed with mumps by December 31, 2023, were included. A multivariate linear regression model was employed to analyze the effects of vaccination doses and intervals on the age of onset in breakthrough cases.

Results

From 2008 to 2023, 1 204 MuCV breakthrough cases were identified in Shapingba district, with disease onset primarily occurring in children aged 1–9 years (5–9 years: 639 cases, 53.07%). Breakthrough cases occurred in 782 (64.95%), 418 (34.72%), and 4 (0.33%) children who had received 1, 2, and 3 doses of MuCV, respectively, with mean onset ages of (5.25 ± 2.12), (6.52 ± 2.07), and (7.81 ± 2.51) years. Among children receiving 2 doses, those with intervals of < 2 years (97 cases, 23.21%), 2–4 years (193 cases, 46.17%), and > 4 years (128 cases, 30.62%) between doses had mean onset ages of (4.92 ± 2.08), (6.27 ± 1.53), and (8.10 ± 1.64) years, respectively. Significant differences in mean age of onset were observed across different vaccination doses and intervals (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, residence, and household registration, multivariate regression showed that 2-dose (β = 1.275, 95%CI: 1.024–1.525) and 3-dose (β = 2.581, 95%CI: 0.510–4.652) recipients had delayed ages of onset compared with 1-dose recipients, with a linear trend between increasing doses and delayed onset (β = 1.275, P < 0.001). For the second dose, intervals of 2–4 years (β = 1.324, 95%CI: 0.909–1.738) and > 4 years (β = 3.175, 95%CI: 2.726–3.624) delayed onset compared with intervals < 2 years, with a linear trend between prolonged intervals and delayed onset (β = 1.605, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

MuCV breakthrough cases in Shapingba district from 2008 to 2023 predominantly occurred in children aged 5–9 years. Increasing vaccination doses and extending the interval to the second dose significantly delayed the age of onset.

, authors=Jianchao SHAO1, Qian ZHI1, Shurong FENG1, Bo YANG1, Shudan LIU2, authorsList=Jianchao SHAO, Qian ZHI, Shurong FENG, Bo YANG, Shudan LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shudan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Shudan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169552956833894, articleId=1321169552055058530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗突破病例发病年龄影响, columnId=1321169511231898444, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——疫苗研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗（MuCV）突破病例发病年龄的影响，为优化MuCV的免疫策略提供参考依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统和重庆市免疫规划信息管理系统进行数据匹配，纳入重庆市沙坪坝区2008年1月1日—2023年12月31日出生儿童接种MuCV后截至2023年12月31日诊断为流行性腮腺炎（流腮）的突破病例，采用多元线性回归模型分析不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对突破病例发病年龄的影响。

结果

2008—2023年重庆市沙坪坝区MuCV突破病例累计1 204例，发病年龄集中于1～9岁，其中5～9岁639例（53.07%）；接种1剂次、2剂次和3剂次MuCV突破病例分别为782例（64.95%）、418例（34.72%）和4例（0.33%）；平均发病年龄分别为（5.25±2.12）、（6.52±2.07）和（7.81±2.51）岁；第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔<2、2～4和>4年的突破病例分别为97例（23.21%）、193例（46.17%）和128例（30.62%）；平均发病年龄分别为（4.92±2.08）、（6.27±1.53）和（8.10±1.64）岁。不同特征MuCV突破病例比较，不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔MuCV突破病例平均发病年龄差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。在调整性别、居住地和户籍等混杂因素后，多元线性回归分析结果显示，接种2剂次MuCV（β=1.275，95%CI=1.024～1.525）和接种3剂次MuCV（β=2.581，95%CI=0.510～4.652）突破病例发病年龄均较接种1剂次MuCV突破病例明显推迟；免疫剂次增加与MuCV突破病例发病年龄推迟呈线性趋势（β=1.275，P<0.001）；第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔为2～4年（β=1.324，95%CI=0.909～1.738）和>4年（β=3.175，95%CI=2.726～3.624），突破病例发病年龄均较第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔<2年突破病例明显推迟，免疫间隔延长与MuCV突破病例发病年龄推迟呈线性趋势（β=1.605，P<0.001）。

结论

重庆市沙坪坝区2008—2023年MuCV突破病例以5～9岁儿童为主，增加免疫剂次和延长第2剂次免疫间隔均可明显推迟MuCV突破病例的发病年龄。

, authors=邵建超1, 支倩1, 冯书蓉1, 杨博1, 刘舒丹2, *, *, authorsList=邵建超, 支倩, 冯书蓉, 杨博, 刘舒丹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘舒丹, authorNote=

邵建超（1990—），本科，主管医师，研究方向：免疫规划

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘舒丹，E-mail：
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邵建超（1990—），本科，主管医师，研究方向：免疫规划

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Comparison of age of onset of MuCV breakthrough cases with different immunization doses and intervals in Shapingba district, Chongqing city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类最小发病年龄/岁最大发病年龄/岁平均发病年龄/岁F值P值
免疫剂次/次11.6314.405.25±2.1251.86<0.001
21.8514.666.52±2.07
35.1510.347.81±2.51
第2剂次免疫间隔/年<21.8511.014.92±2.08291.60<0.001
2～44.2112.566.27±1.53
>45.9514.668.10±1.64
), ArticleFig(id=1321169556211613842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169552055058530, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

重庆市沙坪坝区MuCV突破病例不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔发病年龄比较

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项目分类最小发病年龄/岁最大发病年龄/岁平均发病年龄/岁F值P值
免疫剂次/次11.6314.405.25±2.1251.86<0.001
21.8514.666.52±2.07
35.1510.347.81±2.51
第2剂次免疫间隔/年<21.8511.014.92±2.08291.60<0.001
2～44.2112.566.27±1.53
>45.9514.668.10±1.64
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不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗突破病例发病年龄影响
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邵建超 1 , 支倩 1 , 冯书蓉 1 , 杨博 1 , 刘舒丹 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——疫苗研究 2025,41(11): 1357-1360
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——疫苗研究 2025 , 41 (11) : 1357 -1360
不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗突破病例发病年龄影响
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邵建超1, 支倩1, 冯书蓉1, 杨博1, 刘舒丹2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划管理科，重庆 400000
  • 2重庆医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室，重庆 400010
通讯作者:
刘舒丹，E-mail：
作者简介:

邵建超（1990—），本科，主管医师，研究方向：免疫规划

Impacts of different vaccination doses and intervals on the age of onset in mumps-containing vaccine breakthrough cases
Jianchao SHAO1, Qian ZHI1, Shurong FENG1, Bo YANG1, Shudan LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Immunization Program Management, Chongqing Shapingba District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400000, China
  • 2Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Shudan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146637
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摘要
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目的

了解不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗（MuCV）突破病例发病年龄的影响，为优化MuCV的免疫策略提供参考依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统和重庆市免疫规划信息管理系统进行数据匹配，纳入重庆市沙坪坝区2008年1月1日—2023年12月31日出生儿童接种MuCV后截至2023年12月31日诊断为流行性腮腺炎（流腮）的突破病例，采用多元线性回归模型分析不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对突破病例发病年龄的影响。

结果

2008—2023年重庆市沙坪坝区MuCV突破病例累计1 204例，发病年龄集中于1～9岁，其中5～9岁639例（53.07%）；接种1剂次、2剂次和3剂次MuCV突破病例分别为782例（64.95%）、418例（34.72%）和4例（0.33%）；平均发病年龄分别为（5.25±2.12）、（6.52±2.07）和（7.81±2.51）岁；第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔<2、2～4和>4年的突破病例分别为97例（23.21%）、193例（46.17%）和128例（30.62%）；平均发病年龄分别为（4.92±2.08）、（6.27±1.53）和（8.10±1.64）岁。不同特征MuCV突破病例比较，不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔MuCV突破病例平均发病年龄差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。在调整性别、居住地和户籍等混杂因素后，多元线性回归分析结果显示，接种2剂次MuCV（β=1.275，95%CI=1.024～1.525）和接种3剂次MuCV（β=2.581，95%CI=0.510～4.652）突破病例发病年龄均较接种1剂次MuCV突破病例明显推迟；免疫剂次增加与MuCV突破病例发病年龄推迟呈线性趋势（β=1.275，P<0.001）；第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔为2～4年（β=1.324，95%CI=0.909～1.738）和>4年（β=3.175，95%CI=2.726～3.624），突破病例发病年龄均较第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔<2年突破病例明显推迟，免疫间隔延长与MuCV突破病例发病年龄推迟呈线性趋势（β=1.605，P<0.001）。

结论

重庆市沙坪坝区2008—2023年MuCV突破病例以5～9岁儿童为主，增加免疫剂次和延长第2剂次免疫间隔均可明显推迟MuCV突破病例的发病年龄。

含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗（MuCV）  /  突破病例  /  发病年龄  /  免疫剂次  /  免疫间隔
Objective

To investigate the impacts of different vaccination doses and intervals on the age of onset in mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) breakthrough cases, providing evidence for optimizing MuCV immunization strategies.

Methods

Data were matched from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Chongqing Immunization Planning Information Management System. MuCV breakthrough cases in children born in Shapingba district between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2023, who received MuCV and were diagnosed with mumps by December 31, 2023, were included. A multivariate linear regression model was employed to analyze the effects of vaccination doses and intervals on the age of onset in breakthrough cases.

Results

From 2008 to 2023, 1 204 MuCV breakthrough cases were identified in Shapingba district, with disease onset primarily occurring in children aged 1–9 years (5–9 years: 639 cases, 53.07%). Breakthrough cases occurred in 782 (64.95%), 418 (34.72%), and 4 (0.33%) children who had received 1, 2, and 3 doses of MuCV, respectively, with mean onset ages of (5.25 ± 2.12), (6.52 ± 2.07), and (7.81 ± 2.51) years. Among children receiving 2 doses, those with intervals of < 2 years (97 cases, 23.21%), 2–4 years (193 cases, 46.17%), and > 4 years (128 cases, 30.62%) between doses had mean onset ages of (4.92 ± 2.08), (6.27 ± 1.53), and (8.10 ± 1.64) years, respectively. Significant differences in mean age of onset were observed across different vaccination doses and intervals (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, residence, and household registration, multivariate regression showed that 2-dose (β = 1.275, 95%CI: 1.024–1.525) and 3-dose (β = 2.581, 95%CI: 0.510–4.652) recipients had delayed ages of onset compared with 1-dose recipients, with a linear trend between increasing doses and delayed onset (β = 1.275, P < 0.001). For the second dose, intervals of 2–4 years (β = 1.324, 95%CI: 0.909–1.738) and > 4 years (β = 3.175, 95%CI: 2.726–3.624) delayed onset compared with intervals < 2 years, with a linear trend between prolonged intervals and delayed onset (β = 1.605, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

MuCV breakthrough cases in Shapingba district from 2008 to 2023 predominantly occurred in children aged 5–9 years. Increasing vaccination doses and extending the interval to the second dose significantly delayed the age of onset.

mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV)  /  breakthrough cases  /  age of disease onset  /  vaccination doses  /  vaccination intervals
邵建超, 支倩, 冯书蓉, 杨博, 刘舒丹. 不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗突破病例发病年龄影响. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (11) : 1357 -1360 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146637
Jianchao SHAO, Qian ZHI, Shurong FENG, Bo YANG, Shudan LIU. Impacts of different vaccination doses and intervals on the age of onset in mumps-containing vaccine breakthrough cases[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (11) : 1357 -1360 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146637
正文
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流行性腮腺炎（简称“流腮”）是一种由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性传染性疾病。典型症状为腮腺肿大，部分病例可引发脑膜炎、耳聋等严重并发症，严重威胁儿童健康[1]。突破病例是指完成特定疫苗接种后仍然发生该疫苗所预防疾病的病例[2]，随着含流行性腮腺炎成分疫苗（mumps containing vaccine, MuCV）的广泛接种，流腮的全球发病率已明显下降。但近年来，在高疫苗覆盖率地区，突破病例和小范围暴发事件仍时有发生[3]。发病年龄是评估疫苗效果的重要指标，通过优化免疫策略合理推迟发病年龄有助于降低高风险年龄段发病率，为儿童免疫系统成熟争取更多时间[4]。有研究表明，MuCV的保护效力会随着接种后时间的推移逐渐下降[5]，而调整免疫剂次和免疫间隔可能会影响突破病例的发病特征和疾病负担[6]。沙坪坝区作为重庆市中心城区的流腮高发区域[7]，从2008年起将流腮纳入扩大免疫规划，对18～24月龄儿童常规接种1剂次麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗，2012年引入腮腺炎减毒活疫苗用于补充免疫或应急接种。2020年6月起实施2剂次麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗常规免疫。在8月龄和18月龄分别为儿童接种1剂次疫苗，为该地区长达15年的免疫策略演变为评估疫苗实际效果提供了现实场景。为了解不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对MuCV突破病例发病年龄的影响，为优化MuCV的免疫策略提供参考依据，本研究通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统和重庆市免疫规划信息管理系统进行数据匹配，纳入沙坪坝区2008年1月1日—2023年12月31日出生儿童接种MuCV后截至2023年12月31日诊断为流腮的突破病例。采用多元线性回归模型分析不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对突破病例发病年龄的影响。结果报告如下。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
收集2008年1月1日—2023年12月31日重庆市沙坪坝区出生儿童流腮发病和MuCV接种的相关数据。其中，流腮发病数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统，流腮病例诊断符合2007年原卫生部《流行性腮腺炎诊断标准：WS 270—2007》[8]。MuCV接种数据来源于重庆市免疫规划信息管理系统。流腮突破病例为接种MuCV≥42 d发生的流腮病例，按MuCV接种剂次数分为1剂次、2剂次和3剂次MuCV突破病例；其中第2剂次MuCV接种后<1个月发病者归为1剂次MuCV突破病例，≥1个月发病者归为2剂次MuCV突破病例；第3剂次MuCV接种后<1个月发病者归为2剂次MuCV突破病例，≥1个月发病者归为3剂次MuCV突破病例[9]。数据获取截止日期为2023年12月31日，通过数据匹配最终纳入符合研究标准的流腮突破病例1 204例。本研究通过重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会审查批准（批号：20240904001）。
1.2　统计分析
应用Stata 18.0软件进行数据匹配和统计分析。采用n和%进行一般描述性分析；发病年龄采用$ \overline{x}\pm s $表示，组间比较采用单因素方差分析；应用多元线性回归模型分析不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对MuCV突破病例发病年龄的影响；以性别、居住地和户籍为协变量进行调整，并进行线性趋势性检验。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
2　结　果
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2.1　一般情况
重庆市沙坪坝区2008—2023年1 204例MuCV突破病例中，男童691例（57.39%），女童513例（42.61%）；年龄1～4岁516例（42.86%），5～9岁639例（53.07%），10～14岁49例（4.07%）；居住在城市1 047例（86.96%），乡镇157例（13.04%）；本地户籍755例（62.71%），外地户籍449例（37.29%）；MuCV免疫剂次为1剂次782例（64.95%），2剂次418例（34.72%），3剂次4例（0.33%）。在2剂次418例MuCV突破病例中，第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔为<2年97例（23.21%），2～4年193例（46.17%），>4年128例（30.62%）。
2.2　重庆市沙坪坝区不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔MuCV突破病例发病年龄比较（表1）
重庆市沙坪坝区不同特征MuCV突破病例比较，不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔MuCV突破病例平均发病年龄不同，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。
2.3　不同免疫剂次和免疫间隔对发病年龄影响
在调整性别、居住地和户籍等混杂因素后，多元线性回归分析结果显示，接种2剂次MuCV（β=1.275，95% CI=1.024～1.525）和接种3剂次MuCV（β=2.581，95%CI=0.510～4.652）突破病例发病年龄均较接种1剂次MuCV突破病例明显推迟；免疫剂次增加与MuCV突破病例发病年龄推迟呈显著线性趋势（β=1.275，P<0.001）；第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔为2～4年（β=1.324，95%CI=0.909～1.738）和>4年（β=3.175，95%CI=2.726～3.624）突破病例发病年龄均较第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔<2年突破病例明显推迟；免疫间隔延长与MuCV突破病例发病年龄推迟呈显著线性趋势（β=1.605，P<0.001）。
3　讨　论
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本研究结果显示，重庆市沙坪坝区2008—2023年MuCV突破病例发病儿童主要集中在1～9岁，其中尤以5～9岁儿童最为突出，这与全国流腮发病年龄特征基本一致[10]。随着中国在2008年将流腮纳入扩大国家免疫规划，该年龄分布特征可能与MuCV接种后保护效力的自然衰减规律有关。既往研究表明，MuCV诱导的免疫保护效果通常在接种5年后逐步下降，从而增加了学龄前和学龄初期儿童的突破感染风险[11]。因此，在我国MuCV高接种率背景下[12]，突破病例将逐渐成为流腮防控的新挑战[13–14]，疫苗免疫策略应得到更多关注和研究。
广西壮族自治区柳州市的一项研究表明，2剂次MuCV突破病例发病年龄为7.30岁，明显高于1剂次MuCV突破病例发病年龄6.63岁[15]。本研究中，1剂次、2剂次和3剂次MuCV突破病例平均发病年龄分别为5.25、6.52和7.81岁，且发病年龄随免疫剂次的增加明显推迟。尽管本研究结果与柳州市1剂次和2剂次MuCV突破病例的发病年龄有差别，但均表明多剂次接种策略能有效延长MuCV的保护期。有研究表明，第3剂MuCV在短期内可显著提高免疫保护[16]。2018年美国免疫实践咨询委员亦推荐在流腮暴发期间为较高感染风险群体接种第3剂MuCV[17]，但其在大规模实施中的成本效益尚需进一步评估。
倪莉红等[9]研究表明，2剂次MuCV突破病例的发病年龄随第2剂接种年龄的推迟而延后，5岁完成第2剂接种的儿童，其发病年龄可推迟至9岁。本研究结果显示，第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔为2～4年和>4年MuCV突破病例的平均发病年龄分别为6.27和8.10岁，明显高于第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔<2年MuCV突破病例的4.92岁。且免疫间隔的延长与MuCV突破病例发病年龄的推迟呈显著线性关系，进一步验证了适当延长第2剂次MuCV免疫间隔对推迟MuCV突破病例发病年龄的保护作用。深圳市盐田区一项关于2剂次MuCV儿童流腮发病风险的研究表明，2剂接种间隔时间为13～36个月儿童的流腮发病风险较2剂接种间隔时间≤12个月儿童降低43.20%[18]；同时自2008年起，在4～6岁儿童中实施第2剂麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗常规接种的北京市、天津市和上海市等地区监测结果亦显示，相较于2004—2007年和同期其他省市，5～9儿童流腮发病率均明显下降[19]。提示适当延长免疫间隔能够增强免疫效果，并有效降低大龄儿童的流腮发病风险。
综上所述，重庆市沙坪坝区2008—2023年MuCV突破病例以5～9岁儿童为主，增加免疫剂次和延长第2剂次免疫间隔可明显推迟MuCV突破病例的发病年龄。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性：首先，本研究样本仅局限于沙坪坝区，可能无法全面反映其他地区MuCV突破病例的流行病学特征，且流腮以临床确诊病例为主，可能存在误诊可能；其次，本地区从2007年开始逐渐使用预防接种信息系统记录疫苗接种信息，早期疫苗接种史可能不完整，导致通过匹配纳入的MuCV突破病例数可能被低估；最后，3剂次MuCV突破病例较少，样本量较小，可能影响结果的代表性。

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2025年第41卷第11期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146637
  • 接收时间：2024-12-10
  • 首发时间：2026-10-25
  • 出版时间：2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-10
  • 修回日期：2025-04-27
  • 录用日期：2025-08-12
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作者信息
    1重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划管理科，重庆 400000
    2重庆医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室，重庆 400010

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刘舒丹，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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