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Article(id=1321169928716144926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169839390053177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146621, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733673600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-09, revisedDate=1739203200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-11, acceptedDate=1742832000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-25, onlineDate=1792921057155, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921057155, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921057155, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921057155, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169839390053177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='6', pageStart='641', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749484800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921035859, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921035859, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=755, endPage=757, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169929567588639, articleId=1321169928716144926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=The clinical characteristics and vaccination status of pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city from January to May 2024: a surveillance data analysis, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the clinical characteristics and pertussis-containing vaccine (PCV) vaccination status of 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, to provide a reference for the development of pertussis vaccination and immunization strategies.

Methods

Data on 650 pertussis cases reported from Jiangning district, Nanjing city, in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January to May 2024, were collected from the Jiangsu Provincial Integrated Vaccination Service Management Information System. The clinical characteristics and PCV vaccination status of pertussis cases in this area were analyzed.

Results

Among the 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, 640 (98.46%) had a cough, 233 (35.84%) had paroxysmal spasmodic cough, 99 (15.23%) had fever, 81 (12.46%) had vomiting, 61 (9.38%) had pneumonia, and 38 (5.85%) had inspiratory stridor. Comparison of clinical symptoms of pertussis cases in different age groups in Jiangning district showed differences in the incidence of paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, and pneumonia (all P < 0.05). The incidence of cough (100.00%), paroxysmal spasmodic cough (61.54%), vomiting (30.77%), pneumonia (23.08%), and inspiratory stridor (23.08%) was highest in cases < 3 months of age. Among the cases, 604 (92.92%) had received PCV. The PCV vaccination rates for the < 3 months, 3 months to 2 years, 3 to 5 years, 6 to 11 years, and ≥ 12 years age groups were 0, 86.96%, 95.24%, 98.93%, and 82.05%, respectively. Comparison of pertussis cases in different age groups showed significant differences in vaccination rates (χ2 = 111.63, P < 0.001). The PCV vaccination rate among hospitalized pertussis cases (84.61%) was significantly lower than that among non-hospitalized cases (93.84%) (χ2 = 13.72, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The incidence of clinical symptoms such as cough, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, pneumonia, and inspiratory stridor was higher in pertussis cases < 3 months of age in Jiangning district, and none of these cases had received PCV. The vaccination rate was higher among non-hospitalized cases.

, authors=Yijun WANG1, Tao TAO1, Mengqi LI1, Yan XU2, Jianjun DAI1, authorsList=Yijun WANG, Tao TAO, Mengqi LI, Yan XU, Jianjun DAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianjun DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DAI Jianjun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169930817491232, articleId=1321169928716144926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2024年1—5月南京市江宁区百日咳病例临床特征及疫苗接种情况分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析江苏省南京市江宁区650例百日咳病例的临床特征及含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况，为百日咳预防接种免疫策略的制定提供参考依据。

方法

收集江苏省预防接种综合服务管理信息系统中南京市江宁区2024年1—5月在中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的650例百日咳病例的相关数据，分析该地区百日咳病例的临床特征及含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况。

结果

江宁区650例百日咳病例中，咳嗽者640例（98.46%），阵发性痉挛性咳嗽者233例（35.84%），发热者99例（15.23%），呕吐者81例（12.46%），合并肺炎者61例（9.38%），吸气性呼吸音者38例（5.85%）；江宁区不同年龄组百日咳病例临床症状比较，阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎发生率均不同（均P<0.05），其中<3月龄病例咳嗽（100.00%）、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽（61.54%）、呕吐（30.77%）、合并肺炎（23.08%）和吸气性呼吸音（23.08%）的发生率均最高；接种含百日咳成分疫苗者604例，疫苗接种率为92.92%；<3月龄、3月龄～2岁、3～5岁、6～11岁和≥12岁的含百日咳成分疫苗接种率分别为0、86.96%、95.24%、98.93%和82.05%，不同年龄组百日咳病例，疫苗接种率不同，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=111.63，P<0.001）；百日咳住院病例与非住院病例比较，住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（84.61%）低于非住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（93.84%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.72，P<0.001）。

结论

江宁区<3月龄百日咳病例咳嗽、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎和吸气性呼吸音等临床症状发生率较高且均未接种含百日咳成分疫苗，非住院病例的疫苗接种率较高。

, authors=王益君1, 陶涛1, 李梦琪1, 许燕2, 戴建军1, *, *, authorsList=王益君, 陶涛, 李梦琪, 许燕, 戴建军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=戴建军, authorNote=

王益君（1989—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：传染病预防与控制

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戴建军，E-mail：
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年龄组咳嗽阵发性痉挛性咳嗽发热呕吐合并肺炎吸气性呼吸音
发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%
<3月龄13100.00861.5400430.77323.08323.08
3月龄～<2岁4597.832554.351021.741123.91817.3948.70
3～5岁8297.623238.101720.241214.291214.2933.57
6～11岁46198.5015332.696814.535211.11357.48275.77
≥12岁39100.001538.46a410.2625.13ab37.69ab12.56
), ArticleFig(id=1321169940904792396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169928716144926, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

南京市江宁区不同年龄组百日咳病例临床特征比较

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年龄组咳嗽阵发性痉挛性咳嗽发热呕吐合并肺炎吸气性呼吸音
发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%发生例数发生率/%
<3月龄13100.00861.5400430.77323.08323.08
3月龄～<2岁4597.832554.351021.741123.91817.3948.70
3～5岁8297.623238.101720.241214.291214.2933.57
6～11岁46198.5015332.696814.535211.11357.48275.77
≥12岁39100.001538.46a410.2625.13ab37.69ab12.56
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2024年1—5月南京市江宁区百日咳病例临床特征及疫苗接种情况分析
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王益君 1 , 陶涛 1 , 李梦琪 1 , 许燕 2 , 戴建军 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(6): 755-757
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (6) : 755 -757
2024年1—5月南京市江宁区百日咳病例临床特征及疫苗接种情况分析
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王益君1, 陶涛1, 李梦琪1, 许燕2, 戴建军1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南京市江宁区疾病预防控制中心，南京 211100
  • 2江苏省疾病预防控制中心，南京 210000
通讯作者:
戴建军，E-mail：
作者简介:

王益君（1989—），主管医师，硕士，研究方向：传染病预防与控制

The clinical characteristics and vaccination status of pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city from January to May 2024: a surveillance data analysis
Yijun WANG1, Tao TAO1, Mengqi LI1, Yan XU2, Jianjun DAI1
Affiliations
  • 1Jiangning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 211100, China
  • 2Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210000, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    DAI Jianjun, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146621
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摘要
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目的

分析江苏省南京市江宁区650例百日咳病例的临床特征及含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况，为百日咳预防接种免疫策略的制定提供参考依据。

方法

收集江苏省预防接种综合服务管理信息系统中南京市江宁区2024年1—5月在中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的650例百日咳病例的相关数据，分析该地区百日咳病例的临床特征及含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况。

结果

江宁区650例百日咳病例中，咳嗽者640例（98.46%），阵发性痉挛性咳嗽者233例（35.84%），发热者99例（15.23%），呕吐者81例（12.46%），合并肺炎者61例（9.38%），吸气性呼吸音者38例（5.85%）；江宁区不同年龄组百日咳病例临床症状比较，阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎发生率均不同（均P<0.05），其中<3月龄病例咳嗽（100.00%）、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽（61.54%）、呕吐（30.77%）、合并肺炎（23.08%）和吸气性呼吸音（23.08%）的发生率均最高；接种含百日咳成分疫苗者604例，疫苗接种率为92.92%；<3月龄、3月龄～2岁、3～5岁、6～11岁和≥12岁的含百日咳成分疫苗接种率分别为0、86.96%、95.24%、98.93%和82.05%，不同年龄组百日咳病例，疫苗接种率不同，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=111.63，P<0.001）；百日咳住院病例与非住院病例比较，住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（84.61%）低于非住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（93.84%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.72，P<0.001）。

结论

江宁区<3月龄百日咳病例咳嗽、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎和吸气性呼吸音等临床症状发生率较高且均未接种含百日咳成分疫苗，非住院病例的疫苗接种率较高。

百日咳病例  /  临床特征  /  疫苗接种  /  南京市江宁区
Objective

To analyze the clinical characteristics and pertussis-containing vaccine (PCV) vaccination status of 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, to provide a reference for the development of pertussis vaccination and immunization strategies.

Methods

Data on 650 pertussis cases reported from Jiangning district, Nanjing city, in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January to May 2024, were collected from the Jiangsu Provincial Integrated Vaccination Service Management Information System. The clinical characteristics and PCV vaccination status of pertussis cases in this area were analyzed.

Results

Among the 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, 640 (98.46%) had a cough, 233 (35.84%) had paroxysmal spasmodic cough, 99 (15.23%) had fever, 81 (12.46%) had vomiting, 61 (9.38%) had pneumonia, and 38 (5.85%) had inspiratory stridor. Comparison of clinical symptoms of pertussis cases in different age groups in Jiangning district showed differences in the incidence of paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, and pneumonia (all P < 0.05). The incidence of cough (100.00%), paroxysmal spasmodic cough (61.54%), vomiting (30.77%), pneumonia (23.08%), and inspiratory stridor (23.08%) was highest in cases < 3 months of age. Among the cases, 604 (92.92%) had received PCV. The PCV vaccination rates for the < 3 months, 3 months to 2 years, 3 to 5 years, 6 to 11 years, and ≥ 12 years age groups were 0, 86.96%, 95.24%, 98.93%, and 82.05%, respectively. Comparison of pertussis cases in different age groups showed significant differences in vaccination rates (χ2 = 111.63, P < 0.001). The PCV vaccination rate among hospitalized pertussis cases (84.61%) was significantly lower than that among non-hospitalized cases (93.84%) (χ2 = 13.72, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The incidence of clinical symptoms such as cough, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, pneumonia, and inspiratory stridor was higher in pertussis cases < 3 months of age in Jiangning district, and none of these cases had received PCV. The vaccination rate was higher among non-hospitalized cases.

pertussis cases  /  clinical characteristics  /  vaccination  /  Jiangning district, Nanjing city
王益君, 陶涛, 李梦琪, 许燕, 戴建军. 2024年1—5月南京市江宁区百日咳病例临床特征及疫苗接种情况分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (6) : 755 -757 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146621
Yijun WANG, Tao TAO, Mengqi LI, Yan XU, Jianjun DAI. The clinical characteristics and vaccination status of pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city from January to May 2024: a surveillance data analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (6) : 755 -757 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146621
正文
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百日咳是一种由百日咳鲍特菌导致的急性呼吸道传染病，其特点为高度传染性且病程持久，该病典型临床表现为阵发性痉挛性咳嗽，可伴有“鸡鸣样”吸气性呼吸音[1]，全人群普遍易感，特别是婴幼儿。国内外报告病例主要以婴幼儿为主[2]，在百日咳疫苗普遍使用之前，该传染病是全球婴幼儿死亡的重要原因之一[3]。研究表明，在接种含百日咳成分疫苗后，人体内会产生针对百日咳的特异性抗体，这些抗体可在体内持续4～12年，且能有效减少重症百日咳的发生概率[4–5]。自世界卫生组织1974年将百白破联合疫苗纳入计划免疫后，全球百日咳发病率得到有效控制[6]。但近年研究发现百日咳发病率在疫苗高覆盖率的发达国家中呈上升趋势，中国亦同样面临着“百日咳重现”的现象[7]。为此，本研究收集江苏省预防接种综合服务管理信息系统中南京市江宁区2024年1—5月在中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的650例百日咳病例的相关数据，分析该地区百日咳病例的临床特征和含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况。结果报告如下。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
收集江苏省预防接种综合服务管理信息系统中南京市江宁区2024年1—5月在中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的650例百日咳病例的相关数据，内容包括性别、年龄、临床特征、住院情况和含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况等。
1.2　统计分析
采用Epi Data 3.0建立数据库录入数据，应用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行一般描述性分析和χ2检验，以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2　结　果
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2.1　南京市江宁区百日咳病例一般情况
南京市江宁区2024年1—5月报告的650例百日咳病例中，男性336例（51.69%），女性314例（48.31%）；年龄最小1月龄，最大45岁，平均年龄（8.00±4.74）岁，其中<3月龄13例（2.00%），3月龄～2岁46例（7.08%），3～5岁84例（12.92%），6～11岁468例（72.00%），≥12岁39例（6.00%）；非住院病例585例（90.00%），住院病例65例（10.00%）。
2.2　南京市江宁区百日咳病例临床特征（表1）
江宁区650例百日咳病例中，咳嗽者640例（98.46%），阵发性痉挛性咳嗽者233例（35.84%），发热者99例（15.23%），呕吐者81例（12.46%），合并肺炎者61例（9.38%），吸气性呼吸音者38例（5.85%）。江宁区不同年龄组百日咳病例临床症状比较，不同年龄组百日咳病例阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎发生率不同（均P<0.05），其中<3月龄病例咳嗽、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎和吸气性呼吸音的发生率均最高。
2.3　南京市江宁区百日咳病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种情况
江宁区650例百日咳病例中，接种含百日咳成分疫苗者604例，疫苗接种率为92.92%；<3月龄、3月龄～2岁、3～5岁、6～11岁和≥12岁的含百日咳成分疫苗接种率分别为0（0/13）、86.96%（40/46）、95.24%（80/84）、98.93%（463/468）和82.05%（32/39），不同年龄组百日咳病例比较，疫苗接种率不同，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=111.63，P<0.001）；百日咳住院病例与非住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率分别为84.61%（55/65）和93.84%（549/585），2组百日咳病例比较，住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率低于非住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率，差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.72，P<0.001）。
3　讨　论
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研究表明，百日咳在人群中虽普遍易感，但主要以散居儿童、幼托儿童和小学生为主，其中<1岁婴幼儿发病风险较高[8]。本研究结果显示，南京市江宁区百日咳病例临床表现中，主要以咳嗽和阵发性痉挛性咳嗽为主，其中<3月龄病例咳嗽、阵发性痉挛性咳嗽、呕吐、合并肺炎和吸气性呼吸音的发生率均最高，与康利民等[9]研究中年龄越小尤其是<3月龄的幼儿患百日咳进展为重症百日咳风险越高的结果一致。
目前，百日咳防控策略仍然以接种疫苗为主要手段，未接种疫苗仍是百日咳发病的最大危险因素[10]。本研究南京市江宁区650例百日咳病例中，含百日咳成分疫苗的接种率为92.92%，提示该地区疫苗接种覆盖率高。然而，本研究中<3月龄婴幼儿百日咳病例均未接种含百日咳成分的疫苗。唐诗静等[5]研究表明，<3月龄婴幼儿百日咳发病风险较高，但疫苗接种后，其感染风险有所降低。2025年1月1日起，我国含百日咳成分免疫规划疫苗免疫程序调整为2月龄、4月龄、6月龄、18月龄和6周岁各接种1剂次百白破疫苗[11]。这将有效降低<3月龄婴幼儿和6～12岁儿童的百日咳发病率。此外，本研究通过比较住院组与非住院组百日咳病例疫苗接种率发现，百日咳住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（84.61%）低于非住院病例含百日咳成分疫苗接种率（93.84%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.72，P<0.001），提示未接种含百日咳成分疫苗的病例病情较重，这与罗晶晶等[12]研究中未接种疫苗<3月龄百日咳病例重症组比例高于非重症组的结果一致。另有研究表明，中国2023年10月—2024年4月报告的13例百日咳死亡病例均未接种含百日咳成分疫苗[13]，进一步说明接种含百日咳成分疫苗的重要性。
综上所述，百日咳防控策略面临着挑战，尽管含有效百日咳成分疫苗有较高的接种率，但全球尚未有一个国家百日咳得到控制[14]。“百日咳再现”现象一方面可能是近年来监测系统和诊断水平不断更新提高了百日咳的检出率和报告率，另一方面可能是现有含百日咳成分疫苗保护效果持续衰减[15]而不能提供长期保护。因此，建议国内加快研发、生产或引进成人百日咳疫苗，进一步完善我国百日咳疫苗的免疫程序和免疫策略[16]，从而实施“蚕茧策略”以保护孕产妇以及因年龄太小而不能接种疫苗的新生儿。

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2025年第41卷第6期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146621
  • 接收时间：2024-12-09
  • 首发时间：2026-10-25
  • 出版时间：2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-09
  • 修回日期：2025-02-11
  • 录用日期：2025-03-25
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    1南京市江宁区疾病预防控制中心，南京 211100
    2江苏省疾病预防控制中心，南京 210000

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species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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