Article(id=1321170608575074852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146551, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733414400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-06, revisedDate=1745769600000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-28, acceptedDate=1754928000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-12, onlineDate=1792921219246, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921219246, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921219246, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921219246, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170608034009636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='12', pageStart='1409', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921219118, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793011150268, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1418, endPage=1422, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170608801567270, articleId=1321170608575074852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Establishment of an index system for health management adherence among rural older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: based on Delphi method, columnId=1321170608730264101, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Promoting Healthy Aging and Improving the Quality of Life for the Elderly, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct an index system for health management adherence among rural older adults aged 60 and above with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), thus providing a measurement tool for understanding the current situation of health management adherence among this population.

Methods

The index system was initially determined by literature research and expert group discussion. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted among 25 selected experts. The analytic hierarchy process was adopted to calculate the weights of indexes.

Results

Experts in the two rounds of consultation showed the positive coefficients of 100.0% and 72.0%, the authority coefficients of 0.892 and 0.883, and the Kendall′s coefficients of concordance of 0.172 and 0.206 (all P < 0.001), which indicated good concordance of experts′ opinions. The finally established index system was composed of 6 first-level indexes and 38 second-level indexes. In the two rounds of consultation, the indexes showed the importance scores of 4.62 ± 0.23 and 4.64 ± 0.22 and the coefficients of variation within the ranges of 0.00–0.23 and 0.00–0.19. The weights of the first-level indexes and second-level indexes ranged from 0.106 6 to 0.270 0 and from 0.007 4 to 0.074 0, respectively.

Conclusions

The index system for health management adherence among rural older adults with CMM is scientific and reliable, providing a measurement tool for evaluating health management adherence for rural older adults with CMM and a reference for related research.

, authors=Fangfang HU1, 2, Lingzhong XU1, 2, Wenzhe QIN1, 2, authorsList=Fangfang HU, Lingzhong XU, Wenzhe QIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenzhe QIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
QIN Wenzhe, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170610273767989, articleId=1321170608575074852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系构建:基于德尔菲专家咨询法, columnId=1321170608898036263, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建适合农村≥60岁老年人心血管代谢性共病(CMM)患者的健康管理依从性评价指标体系,为有针对性地开展农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性研究提供测量工具。

方法

采用文献研究法和专家小组讨论法初步确定农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系,遴选25名从事相关领域的专家参加2轮德尔菲专家咨询,应用层次分析法计算各级指标的权重。

结果

2轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为100.0%和72.0%,专家权威系数分别为0.892和0.883,专家意见的协调系数分别为0.172和0.206(均P<0.001),专家意见的协调性较好。经过专家咨询后建立了农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系,包括一级指标6个和二级指标38个,专家在2轮咨询中对各指标重要性的评分分别为(4.62±0.23)分和(4.64±0.22)分,变异系数分别为0.00~0.23和0.00~0.19;在构建的评价指标体系中,一级指标权重为0.106 6~0.270 0,二级指标权重为0.007 4~0.074 0。

结论

构建的农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者的健康管理依从性评价指标体系具有良好的科学性和可靠性,为评估农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者的健康管理依从性提供测量内容和量化依据,为老年共病患者健康管理相关研究提供参考。

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胡芳芳(1995—),博士在读,研究方向:卫生服务与政策

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秦文哲,E-mail:
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(2023-09-16)[2024-11-19].https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170622982509189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张强, 王长远, 李一凡. 老年慢性病共病患者抑郁焦虑状况及影响因素[J]. 安徽医学, 2023, 44(3): 257-261., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170623070589574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李新茹. 戏剧疗法介入老年慢病患者情绪管理的社会工作实务研究[D]. 天津: 天津理工大学, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170623154475656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石勇, 陈蓬来, 柴静, 等. 皖西农村地区留守居民饮食习惯及其影响因素调查[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2015, 19(2): 154-157., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170623234167433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王秀丽, 李淞淋, 马云倩, 等. 我国农村居民食用油消费现状与引导思考[J]. 中国油脂, 2020, 45(1): 1-4., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170610533814838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170610542203447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, companyId=1321170610533814838, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170610550592056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, companyId=1321170610533814838, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院卫生管理与政策研究中心,济南 250012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321170612014404153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170612022792762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, companyId=1321170612014404153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170612031181372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, companyId=1321170612014404153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2国家卫生健康委员会卫生经济与政策研究重点实验室(山东大学),济南 250012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170617617994333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Kendall′s coefficients of concordance of expert opinions in two rounds of consultation

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指标第1轮第2轮
协调系数χ2值P值协调系数χ2值P值
一级指标0.27334.167<0.0010.24021.582<0.001
二级指标0.165198.182<0.0010.194122.180<0.001
总体指标0.172231.675<0.0010.206159.463<0.001
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两轮专家咨询意见肯德尔协调系数

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指标第1轮第2轮
协调系数χ2值P值协调系数χ2值P值
一级指标0.27334.167<0.0010.24021.582<0.001
二级指标0.165198.182<0.0010.194122.180<0.001
总体指标0.172231.675<0.0010.206159.463<0.001
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Indexes and their weights in the index system for health management adherence among rural older adults with CMM

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一级指标相对权重二级指标相对权重综合权重
A 服药依从性0.270 0A1  是否有忘记服药的经历0.250 30.067 6
A2  是否有时候不注意服药0.219 30.059 2
A3  自觉症状改善时是否曾停药0.274 30.074 0
A4  自觉症状更坏时是否曾停药0.256 20.069 2
B 饮食依从性0.164 3B1  多吃新鲜蔬菜0.076 60.012 6
B2  多吃新鲜水果0.062 70.010 3
B3  控制红肉的摄入0.048 90.008 0
B4  选择食用适量白肉0.053 70.008 8
B5  多吃鱼类或贝类/海鲜0.045 00.007 4
B6  多吃豆类及其豆制品0.056 60.009 3
B7  选择食用适量蛋类0.060 50.009 9
B8  选择饮用适量奶类及奶制品0.062 60.010 3
B9  选择食用适量坚果0.047 10.007 7
B10 多吃谷物类食物0.056 40.009 3
B11 控制含糖食物的摄入0.092 70.015 2
B12 少吃油炸、油煎食物0.080 30.013 2
B13 少吃高盐食物0.089 00.014 6
B14 少吃辛辣刺激食物0.050 90.008 4
B15 控制主食摄入0.061 10.010 0
B16 烹饪用油以植物油为主0.055 90.009 2
C 运动依从性0.131 1C1  进行适宜强度的运动(如步行/慢跑/太极等)0.422 30.055 4
C2  每周进行运动的频率(3~5次)0.344 80.045 2
C3  每次运动持续的时间(30~60 min)0.232 90.030 5
D 健康监测依从性0.166 8D1 定期监测身体指标0.162 80.027 1
D2 定期健康体检0.167 50.027 9
D3 定期复诊0.158 40.026 4
D4 病情变化时咨询医生0.177 20.029 5
D5 定期监测体重0.115 40.019 2
D6 BMI控制在20.0~26.9 kg/m20.118 60.019 8
D7 腰围(女性<85 cm;男性<90 cm)0.100 10.016 7
E 行为改变依从性0.161 3E1 戒烟(对于吸烟者适用)0.253 40.040 9
E2 戒酒(对于饮酒者适用)0.225 20.036 3
E3 每日足量饮水0.181 30.029 2
E4 保证充足睡眠0.207 60.033 5
E5 减少静坐时间0.132 60.021 4
F 情绪管理依从性0.106 6F1 保持情绪稳定避免情绪波动0.345 70.036 9
F2 找到合适的方法自我调节心情0.335 30.035 7
F3 参加有益健康的社区娱乐活动0.319 10.034 0
), ArticleFig(id=1321170617970315872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170608575074852, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系及其权重

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一级指标相对权重二级指标相对权重综合权重
A 服药依从性0.270 0A1  是否有忘记服药的经历0.250 30.067 6
A2  是否有时候不注意服药0.219 30.059 2
A3  自觉症状改善时是否曾停药0.274 30.074 0
A4  自觉症状更坏时是否曾停药0.256 20.069 2
B 饮食依从性0.164 3B1  多吃新鲜蔬菜0.076 60.012 6
B2  多吃新鲜水果0.062 70.010 3
B3  控制红肉的摄入0.048 90.008 0
B4  选择食用适量白肉0.053 70.008 8
B5  多吃鱼类或贝类/海鲜0.045 00.007 4
B6  多吃豆类及其豆制品0.056 60.009 3
B7  选择食用适量蛋类0.060 50.009 9
B8  选择饮用适量奶类及奶制品0.062 60.010 3
B9  选择食用适量坚果0.047 10.007 7
B10 多吃谷物类食物0.056 40.009 3
B11 控制含糖食物的摄入0.092 70.015 2
B12 少吃油炸、油煎食物0.080 30.013 2
B13 少吃高盐食物0.089 00.014 6
B14 少吃辛辣刺激食物0.050 90.008 4
B15 控制主食摄入0.061 10.010 0
B16 烹饪用油以植物油为主0.055 90.009 2
C 运动依从性0.131 1C1  进行适宜强度的运动(如步行/慢跑/太极等)0.422 30.055 4
C2  每周进行运动的频率(3~5次)0.344 80.045 2
C3  每次运动持续的时间(30~60 min)0.232 90.030 5
D 健康监测依从性0.166 8D1 定期监测身体指标0.162 80.027 1
D2 定期健康体检0.167 50.027 9
D3 定期复诊0.158 40.026 4
D4 病情变化时咨询医生0.177 20.029 5
D5 定期监测体重0.115 40.019 2
D6 BMI控制在20.0~26.9 kg/m20.118 60.019 8
D7 腰围(女性<85 cm;男性<90 cm)0.100 10.016 7
E 行为改变依从性0.161 3E1 戒烟(对于吸烟者适用)0.253 40.040 9
E2 戒酒(对于饮酒者适用)0.225 20.036 3
E3 每日足量饮水0.181 30.029 2
E4 保证充足睡眠0.207 60.033 5
E5 减少静坐时间0.132 60.021 4
F 情绪管理依从性0.106 6F1 保持情绪稳定避免情绪波动0.345 70.036 9
F2 找到合适的方法自我调节心情0.335 30.035 7
F3 参加有益健康的社区娱乐活动0.319 10.034 0
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胡芳芳 1, 2 , 徐凌忠 1, 2 , 秦文哲 1, 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量 2025,41(12): 1418-1422
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量 2025 , 41 (12) : 1418 -1422
农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系构建:基于德尔菲专家咨询法
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胡芳芳1, 2, 徐凌忠1, 2, 秦文哲1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院卫生管理与政策研究中心,济南 250012
  • 2国家卫生健康委员会卫生经济与政策研究重点实验室(山东大学),济南 250012
通讯作者:
秦文哲,E-mail:
作者简介:

胡芳芳(1995—),博士在读,研究方向:卫生服务与政策

Establishment of an index system for health management adherence among rural older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: based on Delphi method
Fangfang HU1, 2, Lingzhong XU1, 2, Wenzhe QIN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
  • 2National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    QIN Wenzhe, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146551
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目的

构建适合农村≥60岁老年人心血管代谢性共病(CMM)患者的健康管理依从性评价指标体系,为有针对性地开展农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性研究提供测量工具。

方法

采用文献研究法和专家小组讨论法初步确定农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系,遴选25名从事相关领域的专家参加2轮德尔菲专家咨询,应用层次分析法计算各级指标的权重。

结果

2轮咨询的专家积极系数分别为100.0%和72.0%,专家权威系数分别为0.892和0.883,专家意见的协调系数分别为0.172和0.206(均P<0.001),专家意见的协调性较好。经过专家咨询后建立了农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系,包括一级指标6个和二级指标38个,专家在2轮咨询中对各指标重要性的评分分别为(4.62±0.23)分和(4.64±0.22)分,变异系数分别为0.00~0.23和0.00~0.19;在构建的评价指标体系中,一级指标权重为0.106 6~0.270 0,二级指标权重为0.007 4~0.074 0。

结论

构建的农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者的健康管理依从性评价指标体系具有良好的科学性和可靠性,为评估农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者的健康管理依从性提供测量内容和量化依据,为老年共病患者健康管理相关研究提供参考。

健康管理依从性  /  心血管代谢性共病  /  老年人  /  农村  /  评价指标体系  /  专家咨询法
Objective

To construct an index system for health management adherence among rural older adults aged 60 and above with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), thus providing a measurement tool for understanding the current situation of health management adherence among this population.

Methods

The index system was initially determined by literature research and expert group discussion. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted among 25 selected experts. The analytic hierarchy process was adopted to calculate the weights of indexes.

Results

Experts in the two rounds of consultation showed the positive coefficients of 100.0% and 72.0%, the authority coefficients of 0.892 and 0.883, and the Kendall′s coefficients of concordance of 0.172 and 0.206 (all P < 0.001), which indicated good concordance of experts′ opinions. The finally established index system was composed of 6 first-level indexes and 38 second-level indexes. In the two rounds of consultation, the indexes showed the importance scores of 4.62 ± 0.23 and 4.64 ± 0.22 and the coefficients of variation within the ranges of 0.00–0.23 and 0.00–0.19. The weights of the first-level indexes and second-level indexes ranged from 0.106 6 to 0.270 0 and from 0.007 4 to 0.074 0, respectively.

Conclusions

The index system for health management adherence among rural older adults with CMM is scientific and reliable, providing a measurement tool for evaluating health management adherence for rural older adults with CMM and a reference for related research.

health management adherence  /  cardiometabolic multimorbidity  /  older adults  /  rural areas  /  index system  /  Delphi method
胡芳芳, 徐凌忠, 秦文哲. 农村老年人心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系构建:基于德尔菲专家咨询法. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1418 -1422 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146551
Fangfang HU, Lingzhong XU, Wenzhe QIN. Establishment of an index system for health management adherence among rural older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: based on Delphi method[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1418 -1422 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146551
随着老龄化进程的不断加快,老年人慢性病共病已成为最重要和最具挑战性的公共卫生问题[1]。其中心血管代谢性共病(cardiometabolic multimorbiditym, CMM)是当前最稳定、最常见的共病模式之一[2–3]。其患病率在全球范围内迅速升高[4],成为导致死亡和残疾的主要原因,给患者、社会以及医疗卫生系统造成沉重负担[5–7]。我国老龄化水平城乡差异明显,农村地区老龄化问题更为突出,且老年慢性病患者数量不断增加,严重威胁农村老年人群的健康。目前慢性病共病防控形势严峻,健康管理的重要性日益凸显,是现阶段实现慢性病共病有效防控的重要抓手。循证医学的发展拓展了慢性病共病健康管理方案,除药物治疗外,饮食、运动、生活方式调整等也逐步融入共病患者的日常管理中。依从性作为健康管理过程中的关键因素,直接影响健康结局的改善和生命质量的提高。世界卫生组织将“依从性”定义为:个体的行为,如服药、饮食控制、改善生活方式等与医务工作者推荐的行为相符合的程度[8]。然而,以往研究多关注成年人群单一心血管代谢性疾病依从性的测量[9–10],只有少数研究分析了老年人群及共病患者依从性的测量[11–12],并未深度聚焦老年共病群体[13]。同时,健康管理依从性的测量常锚定单一维度[14–16],且多关注服药依从性[17–18]。因此,本研究立足于构建农村≥60岁老年CMM患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系的现实需要,于2023年5—8月遴选25名从事相关领域工作的专家参加2轮问卷咨询,旨在建立一套更符合农村老年CMM患者的健康管理依从性评价指标体系,为了解当前农村老年CMM患者的健康管理依从性现状提供测量工具。
系统检索国内外数据库有关共病患者健康管理依从性的文献资料[19–25],梳理健康管理依从性的相关评价维度及指标。围绕指标体系的可行性、有效性及适用性,并结合农村老年CMM患者特殊性,经项目专家小组讨论,初步形成包括服药依从性、饮食依从性、运动依从性、监测依从性、行为改变依从性、情绪管理依从性6个一级指标及49个二级指标的农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系的最初框架。由此形成调查问卷,进行德尔菲(Delphi)专家咨询。
共遴选出25名来自北京市、上海市、江苏省南京市和徐州市、浙江省杭州市、安徽省合肥市、山西省太原市、阳泉市和大同市、广东省广州市、山东省济南市和潍坊市的高等院校、科研机构和二级及以上医院与基层医疗机构的专家参加咨询。专家均为从事老年健康管理、卫生管理与卫生政策以及卫生服务研究相关领域工作≥5年的中级及以上职称人员,并自愿参与本研究。共进行2轮专家咨询,通过电子邮件形式向专家发送自行设计的专家咨询表。在第1轮专家咨询结束后,整合咨询结果调整指标后实施第2轮专家咨询;同时向专家反馈第1轮专家咨询的结果,最后根据专家意见确定农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系。
运用Epi Data 3.1软件录入数据并建立数据库。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件分析专家咨询结果的可靠性,以层次分析法计算各级指标权重。采取专家积极系数、专家权威系数(Cr)以及专家意见的协调程度和集中程度检验专家咨询结果的可靠性。(1)专家积极系数:通过专家咨询问卷的回收率体现。一般当问卷回收率≥70%时可认为专家积极程度较高[26]。(2)专家权威系数(Cr):反映专家在某研究领域的权威程度,由专家对评价内容的判断依据系数(Ca)和专家对问题的熟悉程度系数(Cs)2个因素决定。计算公式为Cr=(Ca+Cs)/2。一般认为Cr值>0.7,专家权威程度较好,结果可靠[26]。(3)专家意见的协调程度:采用肯德尔协调系数(Kendall′s W)表示,体现参与函询的专家对评价指标存在分歧大小的程度。W值范围为0~1,W值越大表明专家的意见越趋于一致[27]。(4)专家意见的集中程度:以各指标重要性评分的算数均数及变异系数表示,均数越大、该指标的重要性越高,变异系数越小、则专家评价意见越集中[28]。(5)指标权重系数的计算:本研究采用层次分析法计算指标权重。首先,根据最终形成的指标体系,采用Satty 1~9比例标度法设计问卷[29],并邀请25名专家通过问卷对指标进行两两比较并打分,建立两两判断矩阵;其次,采用和积法计算两两判断矩阵,并对计算结果进行一致性检验,得到各级指标的权重。
本研究共有25名专家参与咨询,其中男性13人(52.0%)、女性12人(48.0%);年龄≤35岁5人(20.0%)、36~<46岁14人(56.0%)、≥46岁6人(24.0%);文化程度本科4人(16.0%)、硕士2人(8.0%)、博士19人(76.0%);中级职称4人(16.0%)、副高级职称11人(44.0%)、正高级职称10人(40.0%);工作年限5~10年11人(44.0%)、11~20年7人(28.0%)、≥21年7人(28.0%);研究领域为老年健康管理10人(40.0%)、卫生管理与政策7人(28.0%)、卫生服务6人(24.0%)、全科医学2人(8.0%)。
共进行两轮专家咨询。第一轮向遴选的25名专家发放问卷,回收有效问卷25份,专家积极系数为100.0%;第二轮专家咨询发放25份问卷,回收有效问卷18份,专家积极系数为72.0%。
第1轮专家判断系数$ {C}_{a} $为0.944,熟悉程度系数$ {C}_{s} $为0.840,权威系数$ {C}_{r} $为0.892;第2轮专家判断系数$ {C}_{a} $为0.933,熟悉程度系数$ {C}_{s} $为0.833,权威系数$ {C}_{r} $为0.883。
2轮咨询的Kendall′s W协调系数分别为0.172(χ2=231.675)和0.206(χ2=159.463),协调系数逐渐增大,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),表明专家意见的协调程度较好。
第1轮专家咨询的重要性评分均值为(4.62±0.23)分,其中一级指标为(4.68±0.27)分、二级指标为(4.61±0.22)分;变异系数为0.00~0.23,其中一级指标为0.04~0.19、二级指标为0.00~0.23;第2轮专家咨询的重要性评分均值为(4.64±0.22)分,其中一级指标为(4.78±0.20)分、二级指标为(4.62±0.22)分;变异系数为0.00~0.19,其中一级指标为0.00~0.14、二级指标为0.06~0.19。经过2轮专家咨询,指标重要性评分均值有所提高,专家分歧更小、意见更为一致。
根据专家咨询意见,首先删除重要性评分均值<3.50分或变异系数>0.25的指标,然后结合专家意见增删和修改现有指标。第1轮专家咨询后,修改一级指标“监测依从性”为“健康监测依从性”;删除“服药依从性”“行为改变依从性”及“情绪管理依从性”下属的共8个二级指标;删除“饮食依从性”下属的3个二级指标,同时增加1个二级指标;删除“运动依从性”下属的2个二级指标;合并“监测依从性”下属的3个指标,同时增加3个二级指标。第2轮专家咨询后,一级指标无改动,修改1个二级指标表述。最后确立了由6个一级指标和38个二级指标组成的农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系。
健康管理依从性是共病健康管理过程中的关键环节,特别是在农村老年CMM患者中。由于经济条件有限、医疗资源匮乏以及健康认知不足,该群体的健康管理依从性呈现出独有的特征。深入了解农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性现状及其影响因素,对于提升老年患者健康水平、指导政策制定、提高基层医疗服务质量具有重要意义。然而,现有研究多集中于单一心血管代谢性疾病或单一维度的依从性测量工具开发,例如脑卒中患者功能锻炼依从性量表[16]、2型糖尿病患者饮食行为依从性测评量表[13]、高血压治疗依从性量表等[30]。这些工具的测量范围较为狭窄,通常局限于服药依从性,较少涉及饮食、生活方式、运动及自我监测等多方面的依从性行为,忽视了共病患者在多维度健康管理中的复杂需求和特殊性。因此,亟需构建一个能够较为全面反映农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性的评价指标体系。本研究从服药、饮食、运动、健康监测、行为改变以及情绪管理等维度出发,构建一个适合农村老年CMM患者的健康管理依从性评价指标体系,能够较全面地反映患者健康管理依从性水平,为制定针对性的干预策略提供科学依据。
本研究遵循科学严谨的设计,按照指标体系构建的步骤与要求,通过文献研究法、专家小组讨论、德尔菲专家咨询法和层次分析法等构建符合农村老年CMM患者特点的健康管理依从性评价指标体系。在德尔菲专家咨询过程中,本研究共遴选出25名从事老年健康管理、卫生管理与卫生政策以及卫生服务研究相关领域工作≥5年的中级及以上职称的专家,保证了专家咨询结果的可靠性。进行2轮专家咨询,专家积极系数第二轮(72.0%)相较于第一轮(100.0%)有所下降,可能与部分专家时间安排冲突或问卷填写时间较长等因素有关。此外,部分专家可能认为其意见在第一轮已充分表达,因此,未继续参与。尽管第二轮专家积极系数有所下降,但仍然高于公认标准的70%[26],表明专家整体上仍较为积极。2轮咨询的专家权威系数(0.892和0.883)均高于0.7的可接受标准,保证了专家咨询结果的权威性;2轮咨询的协调系数(0.172和0.206,均P<0.001)显示专家意见的协调性较好。第2轮专家咨询结束后,各一级指标和二级指标变异系数均<0.25,专家意见较为集中。
本研究最终构建的农村老年心血管代谢性共病患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系共包括6个一级指标和38个二级指标。在一级指标中,服药依从性的权重最高(0.270 0)、健康监测依从性次之(0.166 8)。遵医嘱服药是慢性病管理的有效措施之一,本研究结果与以往研究的结果相符[31]。即提高服药依从性是慢性病共病患者健康管理的重要内容。定期健康监测是慢性病共病患者健康管理的有效辅助手段,是观察共病治疗过程中病情控制情况的最佳方法。这与涂燕玉[32]研究中应提高社区老年高血压病患者的健康监测认知及依从性的结果相符。研究中,饮食依从性权重居于第3位(0.164 3),饮食治疗是心血管代谢性共病治疗的重要基础,贯穿疾病治疗的全过程。良好的饮食依从性不仅能够有效地控制病情,而且可以防止或延缓并发症的出现[10]。行为改变依从性和运动依从性则源于WHO公布的慢性病危险因素中相关的可改变的行为危险因素[33]。本研究选取了戒烟、戒酒、足量饮水、充足睡眠和减少静坐时间5个指标反映行为改变依从性。此外,纳入情绪管理依从性的测量是本研究的重要亮点。老年慢性病患者通常会面临更多的心理问题,较普通老年人更易产生焦虑和抑郁等负面情感问题,这些负面情绪又会导致疾病症状的加重,形成恶性循环[34]。而积极的情绪状态可以预防和治疗疾病,情绪状态积极或相对稳定的患者会更配合医生的治疗,遵循医嘱进行康复。与此同时,该指标的选取也与李新茹[35]研究中提出的缓解老年慢性病患者的心态问题、培养自身的心态管理能力相一致。本研究在指标设计中充分考虑农村环境要素,以确保指标能够准确反映农村老年CMM患者的实际情况,从而提高研究的有效性和实用性。例如,鉴于农村老年人受传统饮食习惯的影响,特别纳入“高盐食物摄入频率”这一指标,用于评估患者是否有意识减少咸味食品、腌制食品等的摄入。同时,结合农村饮食文化特点,增加“少吃辛辣刺激食物”这一指标,使其更贴近农村饮食生活实际[36]。考虑到农村地区的经济条件、对新鲜事物的接受程度以及消费品种与当地的油料作物生产结构相一致[37],农村居民在日常烹饪中通常不会像城市居民那样精细区分橄榄油、亚麻籽油等高端食用油。因此,关于烹饪油使用的指标,将不再具体区分植物油种类,而是统一纳入“植物油使用”的评估标准,以更符合农村实际情况,确保指标的科学性和可操作性。
综上所述,本研究聚焦农村老年CMM患者,构建的农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性评价指标体系具有严谨的流程设计和科学的方法论支撑,指标选取更贴合实际需求。专家对各项指标意见较为一致,构建的指标体系可靠性强,可为评估农村老年CMM患者健康管理依从性提供测量内容和量化依据,为优化老年共病患者的健康管理提供了重要的理论指导与实践参考。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146551
  • 接收时间:2024-12-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06
  • 修回日期:2025-04-28
  • 录用日期:2025-08-12
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    1山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院卫生管理与政策研究中心,济南 250012
    2国家卫生健康委员会卫生经济与政策研究重点实验室(山东大学),济南 250012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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