Article(id=1321169615028343110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169578152014376, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146534, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733068800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-02, revisedDate=1745424000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-24, acceptedDate=1753200000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-23, onlineDate=1792920982366, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792920982366, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792920982366, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792920982366, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169578152014376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='10', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760025600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792920973575, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792920973575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1176, endPage=1181, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169615430996295, articleId=1321169615028343110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Impact of a message framing-based cervical cancer science popularization intervention on screening preferences of gynecologic outpatients, columnId=1320427696342020970, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Epidemiological Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the impact of positive and negative cervical cancer screening science messages on screening preferences of gynecologic outpatients by using message framing effects to inform decision making to enhance science popularization efficacy as well as improve health screening behaviors of high-risk populations.

Methods

From August 2023 to March 2024, we conducted discrete choice experiments with gynecologic outpatients from four hospitals in Minhang district of Shanghai. Participants were randomly assigned to either positive or negative massage intervention groups, with 221 participants in the positive group and 227 participants in the negative group ultimately included. The mixed logit model in STATA 16.0 was used for data analysis.

Results

Both groups demonstrated positive preferences (β > 0) for public hospitals, female physicians, shorter screening intervals, and lower false-negative/positive rates. However, attribute prioritization and willingness-to-pay (WTP) differed substantially between groups: the positive group prioritized screening location (25.08%) over time interval (7.24%), while the negative group emphasized false-positive rate (22.41%) over pain perception (10.96%). Comparative analysis revealed higher WTP in the positive group for public hospitals, painless procedures, and female physicians, whereas the negative group showed greater WTP for annual screening, biennial screening, and protocols with 5% false-negative/positive rates.

Conclusions

Message framing significantly impacts screening preferences, with negative framing emphasizing result accuracy and screening frequency, versus positive framing prioritizing procedural comfort. These findings advocate for differentiated science popularization strategies in health promotion campaigns.

, authors=Dongni HONG1, Junwei WANG1, Fan WANG2, Yuhang CHEN3, Jiani MA4, Huibin YANG4, Longmei JIN4, Ping ZHOU1, authorsList=Dongni HONG, Junwei WANG, Fan WANG, Yuhang CHEN, Jiani MA, Huibin YANG, Longmei JIN, Ping ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Longmei JIN, Ping ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIN Longmei, E-mail:
ZHOU Ping, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169617905635660, articleId=1321169615028343110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=基于信息框架的宫颈癌科普干预对妇科门诊患者筛查偏好影响, columnId=1320427696509793132, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=流行病学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

利用信息框架效应,研究正、负向宫颈癌筛查科普信息对妇科门诊患者筛查偏好的影响,为提升科普效能以及改善高风险人群的健康筛查行为提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年8月—2024年3月,以上海市闵行区4所医院妇科门诊患者为研究对象,基于信息框架设计宫颈癌筛查科普正向、负向信息组,研究对象被随机分配至不同信息组接受信息干预,通过离散选择实验调查研究对象的选择偏好,最终正向、负向信息组分别纳入221、227例患者,应用STATA 16.0软件混合logit模型进行偏好分析。

结果

妇科患者普遍对公立医院、女医生、更短筛查时间间隔以及更低漏诊率、误诊率属性水平具有正向偏好(β>0)。但不同信息组的研究对象对于属性的重视程度与支付意愿有较大差异,在正向信息组中相对重要性最高的为筛查地点(25.08%),最低为筛查时间间隔(7.24%);负向信息组中相对重要性最高的为误诊率(22.41%),最低为疼痛感(10.96%)。2组比较,正向信息组对于公立医院、无疼痛感、女医生的支付意愿更高;负向信息组对于5%漏诊率、5%误诊率、筛查时间间隔1年以及2年的支付意愿更高。

结论

正向、负向信息对研究对象宫颈癌筛查偏好产生影响,其中负向信息组的研究对象更关注筛查结果,倾向于为高频、高准确率的筛查方案支付更高费用;而正向信息组的研究对象则更注重筛查过程,并愿意为筛查的舒适体验支付更高费用,科普信息干预应差异化实施。

, authors=洪冬旎1, 王俊伟1, 王帆2, 陈雨航3, 马佳妮4, 杨慧宾4, 金龙妹4, *, *, 周萍1, *, *, authorsList=洪冬旎, 王俊伟, 王帆, 陈雨航, 马佳妮, 杨慧宾, 金龙妹, 周萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=金龙妹, 周萍, authorNote=

洪冬旎(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理与卫生技术评估

, correspAuthorsNote=
金龙妹,E-mail:
周萍,E-mail:
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The systematic influence of gain- and loss-framed messages on interest in and use of different types of health behavior[J]. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1999, 25(11): 1355-1369., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321169636633203131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hawkins N A, Benard V B, Greek A, et al. Patient knowledge and beliefs as barriers to extending cervical cancer screening intervals in federally qualified health centers[J]. Preventive Medicine, 2013, 57(5): 641-645., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321169636733866428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于睿, 张逸飞, 赵红. 移动健康干预改善宫颈癌筛查依从性的应用进展[J]. 中国护理管理, 2022, 22(3): 454-457., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321169636809363901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ainiwaer A, Zhang S, Ainiwaer X, et al. Effects of message framing on cancer prevention and detection behaviors, intentions, and attitudes: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. 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Key elements of positive and negative message framing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类正向信息组给予信息负向信息组给予信息
共有信息宫颈癌的流行病学信息(我国宫颈癌新发病例数、宫颈癌死亡率、确诊率)
分组信息(1)定期进行宫颈癌筛查的优势(如可早发现、早治疗等)(1)不定期进行宫颈癌筛查的劣势(如不可早发现、早治疗等)
(2)早期宫颈癌五年生存率高,达90%,比晚期高70%(2)晚期宫颈癌的五年生存率低,仅20%,比早期低70%
(3)早期宫颈癌可以保留子宫(3)晚期宫颈癌大概率要切除子宫
(4)早期宫颈癌的治疗费用低(4)晚期宫颈癌的治疗费用高
), ArticleFig(id=1321169627686752657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正向与负向信息干预的主要内容

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类正向信息组给予信息负向信息组给予信息
共有信息宫颈癌的流行病学信息(我国宫颈癌新发病例数、宫颈癌死亡率、确诊率)
分组信息(1)定期进行宫颈癌筛查的优势(如可早发现、早治疗等)(1)不定期进行宫颈癌筛查的劣势(如不可早发现、早治疗等)
(2)早期宫颈癌五年生存率高,达90%,比晚期高70%(2)晚期宫颈癌的五年生存率低,仅20%,比早期低70%
(3)早期宫颈癌可以保留子宫(3)晚期宫颈癌大概率要切除子宫
(4)早期宫颈癌的治疗费用低(4)晚期宫颈癌的治疗费用高
), ArticleFig(id=1321169627804193170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Examples of selection sets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性方案一方案二方案三
筛查时间间隔/年32不参加筛查
筛查地点公立医院社区医院
疼痛感无疼痛感很疼
筛查医生性别女医生男医生
漏诊率/%515
误诊率/%155
自付费用/元0150
您会选择哪一个方案?
), ArticleFig(id=1321169627930022291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

选择集示例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性方案一方案二方案三
筛查时间间隔/年32不参加筛查
筛查地点公立医院社区医院
疼痛感无疼痛感很疼
筛查医生性别女医生男医生
漏诊率/%515
误诊率/%155
自付费用/元0150
您会选择哪一个方案?
), ArticleFig(id=1321169628085211540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Distribution of women in different massage groups with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征正向信息组
(n=221)
负向信息组
(n=227)
χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
年龄/ 岁4.5910.204
 <304721.275022.03
 30~394520.366428.19
 40~497031.675825.55
 ≥505926.705524.23
最高学历5.4360.143
 大学本科及以上8136.6510244.93
 大专5524.894620.26
 高中/中专4419.913214.10
 初中及以下4118.554720.70
婚姻状况1.8290.176
 已婚18684.1620188.55
 未婚/离婚3515.842611.45
家庭年收入/万元2.3260.508
 <107533.946528.63
 10~6529.417733.92
 20~4018.104720.70
 ≥304118.553816.74
职业情况0.1530.696
 退休/待就业3013.572812.33
 在业19186.4319987.67
既往筛查行为情况1.6720.196
 从未参加筛查4620.815925.99
 1~5年间筛查1次17579.1916874.01
对宫颈癌筛查的了解程度0.3700.543
 了解13761.9914764.76
 不了解8438.018035.24
是否具有宫颈癌高危险因素0.0930.761
 是10145.7010747.14
 否12054.3012052.86
自我感知风险0.6870.709
 低风险(<3分)15268.7815266.96
 中风险(3分)5123.085222.91
 高风险(>3分)188.142310.13
), ArticleFig(id=1321169628190069141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同特征不同信息组女性分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征正向信息组
(n=221)
负向信息组
(n=227)
χ2值P值
人数构成比/%人数构成比/%
年龄/ 岁4.5910.204
 <304721.275022.03
 30~394520.366428.19
 40~497031.675825.55
 ≥505926.705524.23
最高学历5.4360.143
 大学本科及以上8136.6510244.93
 大专5524.894620.26
 高中/中专4419.913214.10
 初中及以下4118.554720.70
婚姻状况1.8290.176
 已婚18684.1620188.55
 未婚/离婚3515.842611.45
家庭年收入/万元2.3260.508
 <107533.946528.63
 10~6529.417733.92
 20~4018.104720.70
 ≥304118.553816.74
职业情况0.1530.696
 退休/待就业3013.572812.33
 在业19186.4319987.67
既往筛查行为情况1.6720.196
 从未参加筛查4620.815925.99
 1~5年间筛查1次17579.1916874.01
对宫颈癌筛查的了解程度0.3700.543
 了解13761.9914764.76
 不了解8438.018035.24
是否具有宫颈癌高危险因素0.0930.761
 是10145.7010747.14
 否12054.3012052.86
自我感知风险0.6870.709
 低风险(<3分)15268.7815266.96
 中风险(3分)5123.085222.91
 高风险(>3分)188.142310.13
), ArticleFig(id=1321169628332675478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Preferences of gynecologic outpatients for cervical cancer screening programs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性参照组正向信息组负向信息组
β $ S_{\overline{x}} $β $ S_{\overline{x}} $
自付费用−0.01 b0.004−0.01b0.005
筛查时间间隔3年
 1年0.550.774.49 a2.46
 2年1.94 b0.883.49 a1.48
筛查地点社区医院
 私立医院−4.94 b1.51−4.63 b1.95
 公立医院10.13 b3.268.09 b3.57
疼痛感很疼
 无疼痛感3.20 a1.292.721.79
 稍微疼2.411.162.302.10
医生性别男医生
 女医生6.45 b2.135.75 b2.06
漏诊率25%
 5%3.13 b1.054.82 a2.34
 15%−2.2510.980.761.20
误诊率25%
 5%5.97 b1.696.98 a3.11
 15%2.32 a0.831.88 a0.92
), ArticleFig(id=1321169628454310295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

妇科门诊患者对宫颈癌筛查方案的偏好

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性参照组正向信息组负向信息组
β $ S_{\overline{x}} $β $ S_{\overline{x}} $
自付费用−0.01 b0.004−0.01b0.005
筛查时间间隔3年
 1年0.550.774.49 a2.46
 2年1.94 b0.883.49 a1.48
筛查地点社区医院
 私立医院−4.94 b1.51−4.63 b1.95
 公立医院10.13 b3.268.09 b3.57
疼痛感很疼
 无疼痛感3.20 a1.292.721.79
 稍微疼2.411.162.302.10
医生性别男医生
 女医生6.45 b2.135.75 b2.06
漏诊率25%
 5%3.13 b1.054.82 a2.34
 15%−2.2510.980.761.20
误诊率25%
 5%5.97 b1.696.98 a3.11
 15%2.32 a0.831.88 a0.92
), ArticleFig(id=1321169628550779288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

WTP of gynecologic outpatients for cervical cancer screening programs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性水平参照组正向信息组负向信息组
WTP95%CIWTP95%CI
筛查时间间隔3年
 1年39.84−69.97~149.64311.29131.72~490.85
 2年140.4933.13~247.84241.42140.66~342.18
筛查地点社区医院
 私立医院−358.05−489.73~−226.38−320.79−453.37~−188.21
 公立医院734.39514.36~954.41560.24344.57~775.90
疼痛感很疼
 无疼痛感231.76118.83~344.69188.5635.76~341.36
 稍微疼174.8046.64~302.96159.31−49.57~368.18
医生性别男医生
 女医生467.76326.11~609.40398.12284.02~512.23
漏诊率25%
 5%227.00126.86~327.14333.99174.55~493.43
 15%−163.15−270.09~−56.2152.58−87.46~192.62
误诊率25%
 5%432.73300.02~565.44483.25299.02~667.48
 15%168.0862.32~273.84130.2537.14~233.35
), ArticleFig(id=1321169628655636889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169615028343110, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

妇科门诊患者对宫颈癌筛查方案的支付意愿

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性水平参照组正向信息组负向信息组
WTP95%CIWTP95%CI
筛查时间间隔3年
 1年39.84−69.97~149.64311.29131.72~490.85
 2年140.4933.13~247.84241.42140.66~342.18
筛查地点社区医院
 私立医院−358.05−489.73~−226.38−320.79−453.37~−188.21
 公立医院734.39514.36~954.41560.24344.57~775.90
疼痛感很疼
 无疼痛感231.76118.83~344.69188.5635.76~341.36
 稍微疼174.8046.64~302.96159.31−49.57~368.18
医生性别男医生
 女医生467.76326.11~609.40398.12284.02~512.23
漏诊率25%
 5%227.00126.86~327.14333.99174.55~493.43
 15%−163.15−270.09~−56.2152.58−87.46~192.62
误诊率25%
 5%432.73300.02~565.44483.25299.02~667.48
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基于信息框架的宫颈癌科普干预对妇科门诊患者筛查偏好影响
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洪冬旎 1 , 王俊伟 1 , 王帆 2 , 陈雨航 3 , 马佳妮 4 , 杨慧宾 4 , 金龙妹 4, *, * , 周萍 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 流行病学研究 2025,41(10): 1176-1181
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中国公共卫生 |流行病学研究 2025 , 41 (10) : 1176 -1181
基于信息框架的宫颈癌科普干预对妇科门诊患者筛查偏好影响
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洪冬旎1, 王俊伟1, 王帆2, 陈雨航3, 马佳妮4, 杨慧宾4, 金龙妹4, *, * , 周萍1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1复旦大学公共卫生学院 国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室,上海 200032
  • 2复旦发展研究院,上海 200433
  • 3复旦大学新闻学院,上海 200433
  • 4上海市闵行区妇幼保健院,上海 201102
通讯作者:
金龙妹,E-mail:
周萍,E-mail:
作者简介:

洪冬旎(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理与卫生技术评估

Impact of a message framing-based cervical cancer science popularization intervention on screening preferences of gynecologic outpatients
Dongni HONG1, Junwei WANG1, Fan WANG2, Yuhang CHEN3, Jiani MA4, Huibin YANG4, Longmei JIN4 , Ping ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • 2Fudan Development Institute, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 3School of Journalism, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 4Shanghai Minhang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 201102, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    JIN Longmei, E-mail:
    ZHOU Ping, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146534
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目的

利用信息框架效应,研究正、负向宫颈癌筛查科普信息对妇科门诊患者筛查偏好的影响,为提升科普效能以及改善高风险人群的健康筛查行为提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年8月—2024年3月,以上海市闵行区4所医院妇科门诊患者为研究对象,基于信息框架设计宫颈癌筛查科普正向、负向信息组,研究对象被随机分配至不同信息组接受信息干预,通过离散选择实验调查研究对象的选择偏好,最终正向、负向信息组分别纳入221、227例患者,应用STATA 16.0软件混合logit模型进行偏好分析。

结果

妇科患者普遍对公立医院、女医生、更短筛查时间间隔以及更低漏诊率、误诊率属性水平具有正向偏好(β>0)。但不同信息组的研究对象对于属性的重视程度与支付意愿有较大差异,在正向信息组中相对重要性最高的为筛查地点(25.08%),最低为筛查时间间隔(7.24%);负向信息组中相对重要性最高的为误诊率(22.41%),最低为疼痛感(10.96%)。2组比较,正向信息组对于公立医院、无疼痛感、女医生的支付意愿更高;负向信息组对于5%漏诊率、5%误诊率、筛查时间间隔1年以及2年的支付意愿更高。

结论

正向、负向信息对研究对象宫颈癌筛查偏好产生影响,其中负向信息组的研究对象更关注筛查结果,倾向于为高频、高准确率的筛查方案支付更高费用;而正向信息组的研究对象则更注重筛查过程,并愿意为筛查的舒适体验支付更高费用,科普信息干预应差异化实施。

宫颈癌  /  信息框架  /  离散选择实验  /  筛查  /  偏好  /  科普信息干预  /  妇科患者
Objective

To investigate the impact of positive and negative cervical cancer screening science messages on screening preferences of gynecologic outpatients by using message framing effects to inform decision making to enhance science popularization efficacy as well as improve health screening behaviors of high-risk populations.

Methods

From August 2023 to March 2024, we conducted discrete choice experiments with gynecologic outpatients from four hospitals in Minhang district of Shanghai. Participants were randomly assigned to either positive or negative massage intervention groups, with 221 participants in the positive group and 227 participants in the negative group ultimately included. The mixed logit model in STATA 16.0 was used for data analysis.

Results

Both groups demonstrated positive preferences (β > 0) for public hospitals, female physicians, shorter screening intervals, and lower false-negative/positive rates. However, attribute prioritization and willingness-to-pay (WTP) differed substantially between groups: the positive group prioritized screening location (25.08%) over time interval (7.24%), while the negative group emphasized false-positive rate (22.41%) over pain perception (10.96%). Comparative analysis revealed higher WTP in the positive group for public hospitals, painless procedures, and female physicians, whereas the negative group showed greater WTP for annual screening, biennial screening, and protocols with 5% false-negative/positive rates.

Conclusions

Message framing significantly impacts screening preferences, with negative framing emphasizing result accuracy and screening frequency, versus positive framing prioritizing procedural comfort. These findings advocate for differentiated science popularization strategies in health promotion campaigns.

cervical cancer  /  message framing  /  discrete choice experiment  /  screening  /  preference  /  science popularization intervention  /  gynecologic outpatients
洪冬旎, 王俊伟, 王帆, 陈雨航, 马佳妮, 杨慧宾, 金龙妹, 周萍. 基于信息框架的宫颈癌科普干预对妇科门诊患者筛查偏好影响. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (10) : 1176 -1181 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146534
Dongni HONG, Junwei WANG, Fan WANG, Yuhang CHEN, Jiani MA, Huibin YANG, Longmei JIN, Ping ZHOU. Impact of a message framing-based cervical cancer science popularization intervention on screening preferences of gynecologic outpatients[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (10) : 1176 -1181 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146534
宫颈癌是女性生殖系统第二常见的恶性肿瘤。我国宫颈癌疾病负担严重,2022年占全球女性宫颈癌新发病例的23%,占死亡病例的16%[1]。宫颈癌是一种被明确发病机制、可预防的癌症[2],早期筛查对于改善患者预后,减轻疾病负担尤为重要。但目前我国适龄女性的筛查覆盖率仍较局限[3–4],与发达国家相比仍有较大差距[5]。提高高风险人群的筛查覆盖率是快速提升筛查效能的关键举措。妇科门诊患者作为潜在高危险人群[6–7],对宫颈癌筛查认知及意愿较低[8–9],对其长久的健康与社会医疗保健体系支出产生不利影响[10]。研究显示,宫颈癌防治的认知程度会显著影响女性的筛查行为[11–12]。基于信息框架的健康教育被认为在促进个体改变态度和健康行为方面具有一定作用[13–14],并不断有研究学者将信息框架融入离散选择实验背景信息与属性框架中,从而评估信息框架对研究对象偏好与决策的潜在影响[15–17]。本研究于2023年8月—2024年3月,对上海市闵行区妇科门诊患者进行基于信息框架的健康科普干预,并通过离散选择实验(discrete choice experiment, DCE)方法调查女性在接受信息干预后对宫颈癌筛查方案的选择偏好,为进一步提升健康科普宣传及健康教育的效能,提高高风险人群的宫颈癌筛查意愿与行为依从性提供科学数据。
根据ORME[18]经验法则N≥500×c/(a×t)(N为最小样本量,c为属性中最大水平数,a为选择集个数,t为替代选项数)。本研究最大水平数为3,选择集个数为6,替代选项的数量为3,经计算,每个信息干预组别的样本量应≥84人。于2023年8月—2024年3月选取上海市闵行区4所公立医院,采用方便抽样的方法,根据妇科门诊时间均匀选取目标患者。对象纳入标准:(1)本市常住人口,年龄为20~65岁。(2)具有医疗机构妇科门诊就诊经历。(3)有完全行为能力,可以正常交流。(4)获得知情同意并承诺完成相关调查问卷。排除标准:伴有精神障碍或行为异常者。本次调查共发放调查问卷640份,随机分配研究对象至正向或负向信息组,经质量控制后最终纳入448份有效问卷,有效率70.00%,其中正向信息组221份,负向信息组227份。本研究已获得闵行区妇幼保健院医学伦理审查委员会批准(2023HS-01)。
课题组查阅权威的宫颈癌筛查相关科普资料、梳理国内外有关宫颈癌筛查的离散选择实验文献后,于2023年1月选取符合纳入排除标准的目标患者30例、妇科医护人员(>10年工作年限)15人进行深度访谈,进一步采用方便抽样的方法抽取专家进行咨询(专家包括临床医学5人次、妇幼保健公共卫生医师5人次,卫生政策与管理专家5人次),所选取的专家均为高级职称以及具有>15年工作年限。最终研究确定了基于收益—损失框架效应的科普干预内容,即收益型框架(正向信息)侧重于传达实施某种被提倡行为所带来的积极收益,而损失型框架(负向信息)则强调不实施该行为可能导致的负面后果[19]。正、负向信息组所传达的核心内容见表1。
确定信息干预内容的同时,确定离散选择实验的7个属性,包括自付费用(0、150、450元);与筛查过程相关的属性:筛查地点(公立医院、私立医院、社区医院)、疼痛感(无疼痛感、稍微疼、很疼)、筛查医生性别(男医生、女医生);与筛查结果相关的属性:筛查时间间隔(1、2、3年)、漏诊率(5%、15%、25%)、误诊率(5%、15%、25%)。漏诊率、误诊率是基于文献与专家咨询,根据既往宫颈癌筛查方法的技术价值研究所设定的指标范围[20–21],按比例划分具体数值;自付费用属性水平根据目前上海公立医院宫颈癌不同筛查方式的物价水平所确定。采用SAS 9.4有效设计D-efficiency方法生成选择集。正、负向信息组均包含一致的6个选择集。每个选择集将提供替代方案(方案一、方案二)以及退出选项(方案三)供患者选择。见表2。
本研究调查问卷共包括3部分,第1部分为信息干预科普图文,利用问卷星平台将研究对象随机分配至正、负向信息组接受信息干预,进入同一干预组别的研究对象将一致接收到涵盖表1所示的图文信息。每位研究对象在阅读7张图文信息后完成第2部分离散选择实验选择集。问卷第3部分为个人特征收集,此部分为课题组自行设计,除收集基本的年龄、家庭年收入、职业、学历信息外,通过李克特5级量表(1–风险很低,5–风险很高)测量女性自我感知风险信息,其中包括2道题分别测量研究对象的感知绝对风险与感知相对风险[22],取二者的平均值并分段,<3分为自我感知低风险,3分为自我感知中风险,>3分为自我感知高风险。另外,收集女性有关宫颈癌的特征信息,如既往筛查史、对宫颈癌筛查了解程度等。根据美国癌症学会针对宫颈癌高危险因素判定标准[23]对女性的风险因素进行判定,包含性生活史、吸烟史、免疫疾病史、妊娠史、避孕药物使用史、宫颈癌家族史等。
研究对象采用移动端智能设备进行信息干预阅读,系统设置有每张图文的最短阅读时间>4 s,在每一项信息干预图文后,均有一道与信息相关的测试题强制要求研究对象回答,以检验其是否接收到重点信息内容,若其中任一问题答错,均视为无效问卷。离散选择实验质量控制设置重复性问题以作为问卷内部一致性检验,即选择集7与选择集1的回答需一致。
应用STATA 16.0软件,使用混合logit模型对正、负向信息组分别进行偏好分析。回归系数的正负代表相比于参照水平研究对象对该属性水平是否偏好,系数绝对值越大则代表偏好程度更强。进一步将各属性水平的效用值与自付费用属性的效用值作比值,得到接受不同信息干预的患者对宫颈癌筛查方案的支付意愿(willingness to pay, WTP),并进行组间比较。进一步计算各属性系数在总体中的占比,从而比较每个属性对于女性选择筛查方案的影响权重,即相对重要性值(relative importance, RI)[24]。
正向信息组研究对象平均年龄(41.02±11.41)岁,已婚女性占84.16%;81.45%(180/221)的女性为高中及以上学历;86.43%的女性在业。负向信息组研究对象平均年龄(39.62±10.83)岁,已婚女性占88.55%;79.30%(180/227)的女性为高中及以上学历;87.67%的女性在业。对组间各人口学、社会学特征,健康风险与筛查认知/行为相关变量比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.1)。
根据混合logit模型结果显示,正、负向信息组均更偏好低自付费用、更频繁的筛查时间间隔、公立医院、女性医生、更低的漏诊率及误诊率。在正向信息组中,除筛查时间间隔1年、稍微疼、15%漏诊率外,其余属性水平均能显著影响女性对筛查方案的选择,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在负向信息组中,除疼痛感、15%漏诊率外,其余属性水平均能显著影响女性对筛查方案的选择,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
在筛查地点属性上,正向信息组愿意为从社区医院换至公立医院筛查多支付734.39元,而负向信息组仅愿意多付560.24元。另外,正向信息组相比于负向信息组整体对于低疼痛感以及女医生的支付意愿更高。
对于筛查结果相关属性,负向信息组对高频率筛查的支付意愿更高,愿意为从筛查时间间隔3年换至1年而多支付311.29元、为换至2年而多支付241.42元;而正向信息组仅愿意为换至2年而多支付140.49元。负向信息组对更低漏诊率、误诊率支付意愿更高,正向信息组分别愿意多花费227.00、432.73元选择更低(5%)的漏诊率和误诊率,而负向信息组分别愿意多花费333.99、483.25元。
进一步分析各属性对女性筛查方案选择偏好影响程度。结果显示,正向信息组中相对重要性最高的为筛查地点(25.08%),最低为筛查时间间隔(7.24%),其余属性水平相对重要性排序依次为误诊率(23.34%)、筛查医生性别(21.12%)、疼痛感(14.41%)、漏诊率(8.81%)。在负向信息组中相对重要性最高的为误诊率(22.41%),最低为疼痛感(10.96%),其余属性水平相对重要性排序依次为筛查地点(18.00%)、筛查时间间隔(17.65%)、筛查医生性别(16.27%)、漏诊率(14.72%)。
本次调研结果显示,正、负向信息组中有宫颈癌高危风险因素者分别为45.70%、47.14%,但是2组中自我感知为中、高风险的人群占比为31.22%(69/221)、33.04%(75/227)。既往研究发现,除HPV感染外,上海女性对其他宫颈癌危险因素知晓率均<20%[11],提示女性对疾病风险的了解和感知仍有不足。2组中仍分别有38.01%、35.24%的患者自报不了解宫颈癌筛查,且分别有20.81%、25.99%的女性从未进行过宫颈癌筛查。提示妇科门诊患者对宫颈癌及其相关筛查的认知度低仍是筛查不足的关键因素。
有学者认为,同样的信息点,在收益型(正向)或损失型(负向)框架呈现形式的微妙变化下,会对个体的偏好、决策与行为产生影响,这种差异可以用前景理论(prospect theory)来解释[25],且信息框架在卫生健康领域已有较多研究与应用[26]。本研究结果亦显示,正负信息表达方式,会对妇科门诊患者的宫颈癌筛查偏好产生影响,提示信息干预需要精准化实施。本研究中所有目标人群均坚持传统性别观念对女性医疗服务提供者有明显偏好,与既往研究结果一致[27–29],且更信任公立医院,与居民就诊选择的研究结果一致[30]。而在正向信息干预下,患者整体对于公立医院、女医生、低疼痛感属性水平的支付意愿以及重视程度更高,但对于筛查时间间隔的重视程度很低。根据前景理论,本研究认为从正面强调有关筛查益处的信息减少了人们对疾病的担忧与恐惧,对于疾病预期结果更为乐观,减轻了人们对筛查的急迫感,并厌恶筛查过程中可能会产生的疼痛、创伤出血等潜在风险[25]。因此,更多地转向关注筛查实施的过程,从而促使人们愿意为感知上更可靠、更舒适的筛查方案付出更高的费用。
根据前景理论,当人们处在一个可能产生损失的状态下,如在背景信息中所给出的宫颈癌晚期生存率低、需要切除子宫、治疗费用高等信息,加深了患者的担忧与紧张情绪,促使其产生反射效应,更倾向于冒险[25]。相较于正向信息组,负面信息干预下妇科患者人群明显更重视筛查时间间隔,并表现出愿意为更高筛查频率而支付更多费用,这与既往结直肠镜筛查的DCE结果一致,即回答负面框架DCE的受访者愿意接受更高频率的结直肠镜检查[15],同样辅证了在疾病检测行为中损失型框架的说服力更强的研究结果[31]。另外研究发现,女性认为更长的筛查时间间隔会提高罹患宫颈癌的风险,并且会加深担忧情绪[32]。而本研究中的负向信息可能进一步放大了这一点,因此,患者更急迫地希望参与筛查。负向信息的干预同样提升患者对筛查结果属性漏诊率的重视程度,这可能是因为负向信息干预提升人们对宫颈癌这一疾病威胁和风险的更高感知,使得女性更担心漏诊所带来的治疗不足,而对于疼痛感这一可以克服的筛查过程属性的重视程度明显降低,这也同样印证在消极背景下女性对风险的寻求倾向。
综上所述,本研究是基于信息框架探究科普信息表达方式对宫颈癌筛查偏好影响的一次新的尝试。目标人群是具有较高风险的妇科门诊患者。调查结果显示,相同内容但不同表达方式(正向、负向)对研究对象的宫颈癌筛查偏好产生影响,负向信息组的研究对象愿意为高频、高准确率的筛查方案支付更高的价格;而正向信息组则愿意为更舒适体验的筛查支付更高的价格。本研究认为,负向信息可能增强了人们对宫颈癌的风险意识与危机感,而正向信息则让人们在了解到早筛早诊的优势后,对筛查过程是否有良好体验有了更高要求。本研究的实证结果提示,信息干预需差异化进行,能够为未来实现精准健康科普提供一些决策参考。
另外,本研究仍存在一定的局限性,由于研究模拟日常移动健康科普[33]的方式,采用的是瞬时干预,可能存在随着时间的推移框架效应减弱的现象[34]。未来可以进一步跟踪调查,以获得研究对象对于信息干预的最佳接触频率。另外可以考虑继续扩大样本量进行亚组分析,以获取不同特征女性在不同信息干预下的偏好异质性。同时,由于本文聚焦的是妇科门诊患者,与社区健康人群相比,可能在正、负信息干预对其筛查偏好的影响上有差异,建议进一步研究。

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2025年第41卷第10期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146534
  • 接收时间:2024-12-02
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-02
  • 修回日期:2025-04-24
  • 录用日期:2025-07-23
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    1复旦大学公共卫生学院 国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室,上海 200032
    2复旦发展研究院,上海 200433
    3复旦大学新闻学院,上海 200433
    4上海市闵行区妇幼保健院,上海 201102

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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