Article(id=1321170685322441704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146422, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731513600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-14, revisedDate=1744387200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-12, acceptedDate=1756310400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-28, onlineDate=1792921237544, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921237544, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921237544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921237544, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170608034009636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='12', pageStart='1409', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921219118, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793011150268, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1409, endPage=1417, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170685574099945, articleId=1321170685322441704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Contract signing and utilization of family doctor services and their influencing factors among rural empty nesters in eastern, central, and western China: a cross-sectional study, columnId=1321170608730264101, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Promoting Healthy Aging and Improving the Quality of Life for the Elderly, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among rural elderly empty nesters in eastern, central and western China and the factors influencing them, thereby providing a basis for improving the health of rural empty nesters.

Methods

A total of 2 208 rural empty nesters aged ≥ 60 years from 48 villages in six provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (Zhejiang and Shandong in eastern China, Henan and Hubei in central China, and Chongqing and Gansu in western China) were selected by stratified random sampling from July 2023 to August 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information on individual characteristics, personal behaviors, interpersonal relationship, community conditions, medical insurance, and contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among rural empty nesters in eastern, central and western China. Furthermore, the factors affecting them were analyzed.

Results

The overall contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services among rural empty nesters were 49.82% and 42.93% in eastern, central and western China, respectively. Specifically, the contract signing and utilization rates were 39.41% and 36.97% in eastern China, 36.46% and 23.80% in central China, and 83.68% and 79.34% in western China, with differences (χ2 = 358.842, 450.389, both P < 0.001) among different regions. The results of multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analyses showed that in eastern China, the contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services were higher for rural empty nesters with annual personal income ≥ 5 000 CNY and lower for rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above, frequent social participation, and retirement. In central China, the contract signing rate was higher among rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above, home address 1 km to 3 km from the nearest medical service institution, and basic medical insurance for urban workers or commercial medical insurance; the utilization rate was higher among rural empty nesters with the education background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above and chronic diseases; the contract signing rate and utilization rate were lower among retired rural empty nesters. In western China, females, chronic disease patients, and smokers among rural empty nesters demonstrated higher contract signing rates, while chronic disease patients and smokers showed higher utilization rates; the contract signing rate was lower among rural empty nesters who used the Internet and had frequent social participation; the utilization rate was lower among rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above and frequent social participation.

Conclusions

The contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services are the highest among the rural empty nesters in western China. The factors influencing the contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among empty nesters were educational background, annual personal income, social participation, and employment in eastern China, educational background and employment in central China, and chronic diseases, smoking, and social participation in western China.

, authors=Xiang ZHANG1, 2, Jinrong MI1, Changli JIA1, Lingli XU1, Yingchun CHEN1, 2, authorsList=Xiang ZHANG, Jinrong MI, Changli JIA, Lingli XU, Yingchun CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Xiang, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170686224217070, articleId=1321170685322441704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素:一项横断面研究, columnId=1321170608898036263, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素,为促进农村空巢老年人健康服务提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年7月—2024年8月采用分层随机抽样方法,在中国东部地区的浙江省和山东省、中部地区的河南省和湖北省、西部地区的重庆市和甘肃省共6个省/直辖市抽取48个村2 208名≥60岁农村空巢老年人进行个体特征、个人行为、人际层次、社区层次、政策层次和家庭医生服务签约和使用情况等方面的问卷调查。分析我国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素。

结果

中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务总体签约率和使用率分别为49.82%和42.93%;其中东部地区分别为39.41%和36.97%;中部地区分别为36.46%和23.80%;西部地区分别为83.68%和79.34%。不同地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=358.842、450.389,均P<0.001)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,东部地区个人年收入≥5 000元农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均较高;文化程度高中/中专及以上、高频社会参与和离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均较低;中部地区文化程度高中/中专及以上、离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离1~3 km、有城镇职工基本医疗保险和有商业医疗保险农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高;文化程度高中/中专及以上和患慢性病农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高,离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均较低;西部地区女性、患慢性病和吸烟农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高;患慢性病和吸烟农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高;使用互联网和高频社会参与农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较低;文化程度高中/中专及以上和高频社会参与农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较低。

结论

中国西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均最高;文化程度、个人年收入、社会参与和就业情况是东部地区空巢老年人签约和使用家庭医生服务的共同影响因素;文化程度和就业情况是中部地区空巢老年人签约和使用家庭医生服务的共同影响因素;是否患慢性病、吸烟情况和社会参与情况是西部地区空巢老年人签约和使用家庭医生服务的共同影响因素。

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张翔(1967—),教授,博士,研究方向:农村卫生服务体系

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articleId=1321170685322441704, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志如, 贾小芳, 刘梦冉, 等. 2018年我国15省45~64岁中年人共病现状及其影响因素——基于关联规则分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2024, 41(7): 768-773., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170688031962095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170688040350704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, companyId=1321170688031962095, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China), 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companyId=1321170688115848178, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2湖北省人文社科重点研究基地农村健康服务研究中心,武汉 430000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170690494017561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of contract signing of family doctor services among rural empty nesters with different characteristics in eastern, central, and western China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类东部地区中部地区西部地区
调查人数签约人数签约率/%调查人数签约人数签约率/%调查人数签约人数签约率/%
性别男性38215340.0540214836.8227922982.08
女性39715438.7945116336.1429725385.19
年龄/岁60~6939814837.1944918040.0927521879.27
70~7932213441.6135111833.6225021987.60
≥80592542.37531324.53 a514588.24 a
文化程度小学及以下54223042.4457719233.2845038585.56
初中1796134.081847641.30887382.95
高中/中专及以上581627.59 a924346.74 a382463.16 b
个人年收入/元<500036111231.0251517634.1737631684.04
5000~99991225343.441867540.321109586.36
10 000~14 999593559.32441534.09252080.00
≥15 00023710745.15 c1084541.67655178.46
患慢性病否32211836.6531710834.0719514775.38
是45718941.3653620337.8738133587.93 c
吸烟情况不吸烟64125539.7870426537.6445337482.56
吸烟1385237.681494630.8712310887.80
饮酒情况不饮酒62324339.0070026037.1449841783.73
饮酒1566441.031535133.33786583.33
体育锻炼低频34014241.7642814634.1128424586.27
高频43916537.5942516538.8229223781.16
婚姻状况非在婚824048.781274031.501028381.37
在婚69726738.3172627137.3347439984.18
互联网使用否39315940.4643414934.3335831688.27
是38614838.3441916238.6621816676.15 c
社会参与情况低频35516847.3231911536.0540535186.67
高频42413932.78 c53419636.7017113176.61 b
离家庭住址最近医药
服务机构距离/km
<161823437.8643914633.2636530082.19
1~31516845.0339615839.9018015586.11
≥410550.00 d18738.89312787.10
就业情况在业2128138.2146720143.0413610577.21
离退休1222722.131141714.91221986.36
失业或无业44519944.72 c2729334.19 c41835885.65
城镇职工基本医疗保险无74229039.0883230036.0655846783.69
有371745.95211152.38181583.33
城乡居民基本医疗保险无12325.00471531.91231982.61
有76730439.63 d80629636.7255346383.73
商业医疗保险无73928838.9778629337.2837130682.48
有401947.50671826.8720517685.85
), ArticleFig(id=1321170690582097946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中国东、中、西部地区不同特征农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类东部地区中部地区西部地区
调查人数签约人数签约率/%调查人数签约人数签约率/%调查人数签约人数签约率/%
性别男性38215340.0540214836.8227922982.08
女性39715438.7945116336.1429725385.19
年龄/岁60~6939814837.1944918040.0927521879.27
70~7932213441.6135111833.6225021987.60
≥80592542.37531324.53 a514588.24 a
文化程度小学及以下54223042.4457719233.2845038585.56
初中1796134.081847641.30887382.95
高中/中专及以上581627.59 a924346.74 a382463.16 b
个人年收入/元<500036111231.0251517634.1737631684.04
5000~99991225343.441867540.321109586.36
10 000~14 999593559.32441534.09252080.00
≥15 00023710745.15 c1084541.67655178.46
患慢性病否32211836.6531710834.0719514775.38
是45718941.3653620337.8738133587.93 c
吸烟情况不吸烟64125539.7870426537.6445337482.56
吸烟1385237.681494630.8712310887.80
饮酒情况不饮酒62324339.0070026037.1449841783.73
饮酒1566441.031535133.33786583.33
体育锻炼低频34014241.7642814634.1128424586.27
高频43916537.5942516538.8229223781.16
婚姻状况非在婚824048.781274031.501028381.37
在婚69726738.3172627137.3347439984.18
互联网使用否39315940.4643414934.3335831688.27
是38614838.3441916238.6621816676.15 c
社会参与情况低频35516847.3231911536.0540535186.67
高频42413932.78 c53419636.7017113176.61 b
离家庭住址最近医药
服务机构距离/km
<161823437.8643914633.2636530082.19
1~31516845.0339615839.9018015586.11
≥410550.00 d18738.89312787.10
就业情况在业2128138.2146720143.0413610577.21
离退休1222722.131141714.91221986.36
失业或无业44519944.72 c2729334.19 c41835885.65
城镇职工基本医疗保险无74229039.0883230036.0655846783.69
有371745.95211152.38181583.33
城乡居民基本医疗保险无12325.00471531.91231982.61
有76730439.63 d80629636.7255346383.73
商业医疗保险无73928838.9778629337.2837130682.48
有401947.50671826.8720517685.85
), ArticleFig(id=1321170690758258715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of the utilization of family doctor services among rural empty nesters with different characteristics in eastern, central, and western China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类东部地区中部地区西部地区
调查人数使用人数使用率/%调查人数使用人数使用率/%调查人数使用人数使用率/%
性别男性38214036.654029122.6427922681.00
女性39714837.2845111224.8329723177.78
年龄/岁60~6939813433.6744911625.8427521076.36
70~7932213040.373517621.6525020280.80
≥80592440.68531120.75514588.24
文化程度小学及以下54221940.4157712321.3245036480.89
初中1795731.841844625.00887180.68
高中/中专及以上581220.69 b923436.96 b382257.89 b
个人年收入/元<500036110629.3651512323.8837629778.99
5000~99991224839.341864323.121108880.00
10 000~14 999593254.24441022.73252080.00
≥15 00023710243.04 c1082725.00655280.00
患慢性病否32210632.923175818.3019514272.82
是45718239.82 a53614527.05 b38131582.68 b
吸烟情况不吸烟64124137.6070417524.8645335177.48
吸烟1384734.061492818.7912310686.18 a
饮酒情况不饮酒62322936.7670017825.4349839278.71
饮酒1565937.821532516.34 a786583.33
体育锻炼低频34013138.534289722.6628423883.80
高频43915735.7642510624.9429221975.00 b
婚姻状况非在婚823745.121272620.471027775.49
在婚69725136.0172617724.3847438080.17
互联网使用否39314837.664349421.6635829582.40
是38614036.2741910926.0121816274.31 a
社会参与情况低频35516245.633198426.3340534384.69
高频42412629.72 c53411922.2817111466.67 c
离家庭住址最近医药
服务机构距离/km
<161822135.764399722.1036527976.44
1~31516241.0639610225.7618015083.33
≥410550.00 d18422.22d312890.32
就业情况在业2127033.0246711424.4113610073.53
离退休1222621.31114119.65221881.82
失业或无业44519243.15 c2727828.68 c41833981.10
城镇职工基本医疗保险无74227036.3983219723.6855844379.39
有371848.6521628.57181477.78
城乡居民基本医疗保险无12433.33 d471225.53231982.61
有76728437.0380619123.7055343879.20
商业医疗保险无73926936.4078618823.9237128376.28
有401947.50671522.3920517484.88 a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170692360482846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国东、中、西部地区不同特征农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类东部地区中部地区西部地区
调查人数使用人数使用率/%调查人数使用人数使用率/%调查人数使用人数使用率/%
性别男性38214036.654029122.6427922681.00
女性39714837.2845111224.8329723177.78
年龄/岁60~6939813433.6744911625.8427521076.36
70~7932213040.373517621.6525020280.80
≥80592440.68531120.75514588.24
文化程度小学及以下54221940.4157712321.3245036480.89
初中1795731.841844625.00887180.68
高中/中专及以上581220.69 b923436.96 b382257.89 b
个人年收入/元<500036110629.3651512323.8837629778.99
5000~99991224839.341864323.121108880.00
10 000~14 999593254.24441022.73252080.00
≥15 00023710243.04 c1082725.00655280.00
患慢性病否32210632.923175818.3019514272.82
是45718239.82 a53614527.05 b38131582.68 b
吸烟情况不吸烟64124137.6070417524.8645335177.48
吸烟1384734.061492818.7912310686.18 a
饮酒情况不饮酒62322936.7670017825.4349839278.71
饮酒1565937.821532516.34 a786583.33
体育锻炼低频34013138.534289722.6628423883.80
高频43915735.7642510624.9429221975.00 b
婚姻状况非在婚823745.121272620.471027775.49
在婚69725136.0172617724.3847438080.17
互联网使用否39314837.664349421.6635829582.40
是38614036.2741910926.0121816274.31 a
社会参与情况低频35516245.633198426.3340534384.69
高频42412629.72 c53411922.2817111466.67 c
离家庭住址最近医药
服务机构距离/km
<161822135.764399722.1036527976.44
1~31516241.0639610225.7618015083.33
≥410550.00 d18422.22d312890.32
就业情况在业2127033.0246711424.4113610073.53
离退休1222621.31114119.65221881.82
失业或无业44519243.15 c2727828.68 c41833981.10
城镇职工基本医疗保险无74227036.3983219723.6855844379.39
有371848.6521628.57181477.78
城乡居民基本医疗保险无12433.33 d471225.53231982.61
有76728437.0380619123.7055343879.20
商业医疗保险无73926936.4078618823.9237128376.28
有401947.50671522.3920517484.88 a
), ArticleFig(id=1321170692461146143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the contract signing of family doctor services among rural empty nesters in eastern, central, and western China

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地区因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
东部文化程度初中小学及以下–0.2990.2052.1220.1450.7420.496~1.109
高中/中专及以上–0.7040.3454.1610.0410.4940.251~0.973
个人年收入/元5000~9999<50000.6370.2337.4660.0061.8901.197~2.984
10 000~14 9991.5010.31422.884<0.0014.4872.426~8.299
≥15 0000.9290.20420.823<0.0012.5321.699~3.774
社会参与情况高频低频–0.4430.1667.0990.0080.6420.464~0.890
就业情况离退休在业–0.9640.29510.6780.0010.3810.214~0.680
失业或无业0.2520.1991.6000.2061.2860.871~1.900
中部文化程度初中小学及以下0.2340.1961.4340.2311.2640.861~1.856
高中/中专及以上0.5990.2635.1850.0231.8201.087~3.047
离家庭住址最近医药
服务机构距离/km
1~3<10.3460.1535.1160.0241.4131.047~1.907
≥40.2970.5370.3070.5801.3460.470~3.858
就业情况离退休在业–1.7990.32031.572<0.0010.1650.088~0.310
失业或无业–0.2340.1801.6940.1930.7910.556~1.126
城镇职工基本医疗保险有无1.3830.5256.9480.0083.9871.426~11.152
商业医疗保险有无1.0160.5123.9390.0472.7611.013~7.530
西部性别女性男性0.6460.2815.3000.0211.9081.101~3.307
患慢性病是否0.9530.25314.250<0.0012.5951.582~4.257
吸烟情况吸烟不吸烟1.0390.3867.2570.0072.8261.327~6.018
互联网使用是否–0.6510.2785.4920.0190.5210.302~0.899
社会参与情况高频低频–0.6290.2745.2650.0220.5330.311~0.912
), ArticleFig(id=1321170692545032224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

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地区因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
东部文化程度初中小学及以下–0.2990.2052.1220.1450.7420.496~1.109
高中/中专及以上–0.7040.3454.1610.0410.4940.251~0.973
个人年收入/元5000~9999<50000.6370.2337.4660.0061.8901.197~2.984
10 000~14 9991.5010.31422.884<0.0014.4872.426~8.299
≥15 0000.9290.20420.823<0.0012.5321.699~3.774
社会参与情况高频低频–0.4430.1667.0990.0080.6420.464~0.890
就业情况离退休在业–0.9640.29510.6780.0010.3810.214~0.680
失业或无业0.2520.1991.6000.2061.2860.871~1.900
中部文化程度初中小学及以下0.2340.1961.4340.2311.2640.861~1.856
高中/中专及以上0.5990.2635.1850.0231.8201.087~3.047
离家庭住址最近医药
服务机构距离/km
1~3<10.3460.1535.1160.0241.4131.047~1.907
≥40.2970.5370.3070.5801.3460.470~3.858
就业情况离退休在业–1.7990.32031.572<0.0010.1650.088~0.310
失业或无业–0.2340.1801.6940.1930.7910.556~1.126
城镇职工基本医疗保险有无1.3830.5256.9480.0083.9871.426~11.152
商业医疗保险有无1.0160.5123.9390.0472.7611.013~7.530
西部性别女性男性0.6460.2815.3000.0211.9081.101~3.307
患慢性病是否0.9530.25314.250<0.0012.5951.582~4.257
吸烟情况吸烟不吸烟1.0390.3867.2570.0072.8261.327~6.018
互联网使用是否–0.6510.2785.4920.0190.5210.302~0.899
社会参与情况高频低频–0.6290.2745.2650.0220.5330.311~0.912
), ArticleFig(id=1321170692641501217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the utilization of family doctor services among rural empty nesters in eastern, central, and western China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
东部文化程度初中小学及以下–0.2970.2082.0400.1530.7430.495~1.117
高中/中专及以上–0.9760.3756.7730.0090.3770.181~0.786
个人年收入/元 5000~9999<50000.5880.2376.1240.0131.8001.130~2.867
10 000~14 9991.4250.31420.574<0.0014.1572.246~7.695
≥15 0000.9380.20720.561<0.0012.5561.704~3.834
社会参与情况高频低频–0.4920.1688.5480.0030.6110.440~0.850
就业情况离退休在业–0.8470.3047.7740.0050.4290.236~0.778
失业或无业0.3580.2033.0900.0791.4300.960~2.131
中部文化程度初中小学及以下0.1650.2210.5580.4551.1800.765~1.819
高中/中专及以上0.9020.27710.611<0.0012.4651.432~4.242
患慢性病是否0.6260.18811.036<0.0011.8691.292~2.704
就业情况离退休在业–1.2960.37212.148<0.0010.2740.132~0.567
失业或无业0.3120.1992.4640.1171.3670.925~2.018
西部文化程度初中小学及以下0.2190.3440.4050.5251.2450.634~2.444
高中/中专及以上–1.0360.4146.2760.0120.3550.158~0.798
患慢性病是否0.7730.23510.783<0.0012.1661.366~3.436
吸烟情况吸烟不吸烟0.7310.3604.1250.0422.0771.026~4.204
社会参与情况高频低频–0.9900.24915.805<0.0010.3710.228~0.605
), ArticleFig(id=1321170692725387298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170685322441704, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
东部文化程度初中小学及以下–0.2970.2082.0400.1530.7430.495~1.117
高中/中专及以上–0.9760.3756.7730.0090.3770.181~0.786
个人年收入/元 5000~9999<50000.5880.2376.1240.0131.8001.130~2.867
10 000~14 9991.4250.31420.574<0.0014.1572.246~7.695
≥15 0000.9380.20720.561<0.0012.5561.704~3.834
社会参与情况高频低频–0.4920.1688.5480.0030.6110.440~0.850
就业情况离退休在业–0.8470.3047.7740.0050.4290.236~0.778
失业或无业0.3580.2033.0900.0791.4300.960~2.131
中部文化程度初中小学及以下0.1650.2210.5580.4551.1800.765~1.819
高中/中专及以上0.9020.27710.611<0.0012.4651.432~4.242
患慢性病是否0.6260.18811.036<0.0011.8691.292~2.704
就业情况离退休在业–1.2960.37212.148<0.0010.2740.132~0.567
失业或无业0.3120.1992.4640.1171.3670.925~2.018
西部文化程度初中小学及以下0.2190.3440.4050.5251.2450.634~2.444
高中/中专及以上–1.0360.4146.2760.0120.3550.158~0.798
患慢性病是否0.7730.23510.783<0.0012.1661.366~3.436
吸烟情况吸烟不吸烟0.7310.3604.1250.0422.0771.026~4.204
社会参与情况高频低频–0.9900.24915.805<0.0010.3710.228~0.605
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中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素:一项横断面研究
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张翔 1, 2, *, * , 宓金融 1 , 贾常离 1 , 徐玲莉 1 , 陈迎春 1, 2
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量 2025,41(12): 1409-1417
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量 2025 , 41 (12) : 1409 -1417
中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素:一项横断面研究
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张翔1, 2, *, * , 宓金融1, 贾常离1, 徐玲莉1, 陈迎春1, 2
作者信息
  • 1华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院,武汉 430000
  • 2湖北省人文社科重点研究基地农村健康服务研究中心,武汉 430000
通讯作者:
张翔,E-mail:
作者简介:

张翔(1967—),教授,博士,研究方向:农村卫生服务体系

Contract signing and utilization of family doctor services and their influencing factors among rural empty nesters in eastern, central, and western China: a cross-sectional study
Xiang ZHANG1, 2 , Jinrong MI1, Changli JIA1, Lingli XU1, Yingchun CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
  • 2Rural Health Service Research Center, Hubei Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Xiang, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146422
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目的

了解中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素,为促进农村空巢老年人健康服务提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年7月—2024年8月采用分层随机抽样方法,在中国东部地区的浙江省和山东省、中部地区的河南省和湖北省、西部地区的重庆市和甘肃省共6个省/直辖市抽取48个村2 208名≥60岁农村空巢老年人进行个体特征、个人行为、人际层次、社区层次、政策层次和家庭医生服务签约和使用情况等方面的问卷调查。分析我国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素。

结果

中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务总体签约率和使用率分别为49.82%和42.93%;其中东部地区分别为39.41%和36.97%;中部地区分别为36.46%和23.80%;西部地区分别为83.68%和79.34%。不同地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=358.842、450.389,均P<0.001)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,东部地区个人年收入≥5 000元农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均较高;文化程度高中/中专及以上、高频社会参与和离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均较低;中部地区文化程度高中/中专及以上、离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离1~3 km、有城镇职工基本医疗保险和有商业医疗保险农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高;文化程度高中/中专及以上和患慢性病农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高,离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均较低;西部地区女性、患慢性病和吸烟农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高;患慢性病和吸烟农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高;使用互联网和高频社会参与农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较低;文化程度高中/中专及以上和高频社会参与农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较低。

结论

中国西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均最高;文化程度、个人年收入、社会参与和就业情况是东部地区空巢老年人签约和使用家庭医生服务的共同影响因素;文化程度和就业情况是中部地区空巢老年人签约和使用家庭医生服务的共同影响因素;是否患慢性病、吸烟情况和社会参与情况是西部地区空巢老年人签约和使用家庭医生服务的共同影响因素。

家庭医生服务  /  签约  /  影响因素  /  农村  /  空巢老年人
Objective

To understand the contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among rural elderly empty nesters in eastern, central and western China and the factors influencing them, thereby providing a basis for improving the health of rural empty nesters.

Methods

A total of 2 208 rural empty nesters aged ≥ 60 years from 48 villages in six provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions (Zhejiang and Shandong in eastern China, Henan and Hubei in central China, and Chongqing and Gansu in western China) were selected by stratified random sampling from July 2023 to August 2024. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information on individual characteristics, personal behaviors, interpersonal relationship, community conditions, medical insurance, and contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among rural empty nesters in eastern, central and western China. Furthermore, the factors affecting them were analyzed.

Results

The overall contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services among rural empty nesters were 49.82% and 42.93% in eastern, central and western China, respectively. Specifically, the contract signing and utilization rates were 39.41% and 36.97% in eastern China, 36.46% and 23.80% in central China, and 83.68% and 79.34% in western China, with differences (χ2 = 358.842, 450.389, both P < 0.001) among different regions. The results of multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analyses showed that in eastern China, the contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services were higher for rural empty nesters with annual personal income ≥ 5 000 CNY and lower for rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above, frequent social participation, and retirement. In central China, the contract signing rate was higher among rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above, home address 1 km to 3 km from the nearest medical service institution, and basic medical insurance for urban workers or commercial medical insurance; the utilization rate was higher among rural empty nesters with the education background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above and chronic diseases; the contract signing rate and utilization rate were lower among retired rural empty nesters. In western China, females, chronic disease patients, and smokers among rural empty nesters demonstrated higher contract signing rates, while chronic disease patients and smokers showed higher utilization rates; the contract signing rate was lower among rural empty nesters who used the Internet and had frequent social participation; the utilization rate was lower among rural empty nesters with the educational background of senior high school/technical secondary school and above and frequent social participation.

Conclusions

The contract signing and utilization rates of family doctor services are the highest among the rural empty nesters in western China. The factors influencing the contract signing and utilization of family doctor services among empty nesters were educational background, annual personal income, social participation, and employment in eastern China, educational background and employment in central China, and chronic diseases, smoking, and social participation in western China.

family doctor services  /  contract signing  /  influencing factors  /  rural areas  /  empty nesters
张翔, 宓金融, 贾常离, 徐玲莉, 陈迎春. 中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素:一项横断面研究. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1409 -1417 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146422
Xiang ZHANG, Jinrong MI, Changli JIA, Lingli XU, Yingchun CHEN. Contract signing and utilization of family doctor services and their influencing factors among rural empty nesters in eastern, central, and western China: a cross-sectional study[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1409 -1417 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146422
空巢老年人是指无子女或不与子女共同生活的独居老年人或者仅与配偶居住的老年人[1]。研究表明,中国空巢老年人生命质量低、疾病负担重的主要原因之一是疾病预防和治疗缺位[2]。而家庭医生作为基层卫生服务的重要组成部分,在管理慢性病和公共卫生预防方面均发挥着核心作用,是推动疾病防控关口前移的关键[3]。2022年,国家卫生健康委等六部委联合发布的《关于推进家庭医生签约服务高质量发展的指导意见》[4]中强调,2035年基本实现家庭医生签约全覆盖,体现了我国对落实家庭医生签约服务以及提高居民健康水平的高度重视。有研究预计,2050年空巢老年人的规模将提升至2亿人[5],这将给基层卫生服务带来巨大挑战。由于空巢老年人面临的健康风险更大、生命质量更低[6]、慢性病患病率更高[7],且农村空巢老年人较城市空巢老年人的健康状况更差、疾病负担更重和自我养老能力更差[8],所以,发挥家庭医生“健康守门人”角色对农村空巢老年人进行连续性的健康管理以及精准化、便捷的家庭医生服务显得至关重要。但目前对于家庭医生签约现况的研究较多集中在市级层面[9–10],尚缺少对全国农村层面的研究分析。因此,为了解中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及其影响因素,为促进农村空巢老年人健康提供参考依据,本研究于2023年7月—2024年8月,采用分层随机抽样方法在中国东部地区的浙江省和山东省、中部地区的河南省和湖北省、西部地区的重庆市和甘肃省共6个省/直辖市抽取48个村2 208名≥60岁农村空巢老年人进行个体特征、个人行为、人际层次、社区层次、政策层次和家庭医生服务使用情况等方面的问卷调查;分析我国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约和使用情况及影响因素。结果报告如下。
采用分层随机抽样方法。首先在中国东、中、西部地区分别抽取2个省/直辖市(中国东部地区为浙江省和山东省、中部地区为河南省和湖北省、西部地区为重庆市和甘肃省)作为样本地区;其次按照经济发展程度在每个样本地区分别抽取排名分别在1/3位和2/3位的2个县/区,共12个县/区作为样本县/区,再次在每个样本县/区分别随机抽取2个镇共24个镇作为样本镇,从次在每个样本镇随机抽取2个行政村共48个行政村作为样本行政村,最后整群抽取每个样本行政村中全部≥60岁农村居民进行问卷调查。本次共发放调查问卷7110份,回收有效问卷7004份,问卷有效回收率为98.51%。本研究最终纳入2 208名≥60岁农村空巢老年人的相关数据进行分析。
采用根据社会生态系统模型[11–12]自行设计的调查问卷,由经过统一培训的调查员进行面访调查。内容包括:(1)个体特征:包括地区、性别、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入和慢性病患病情况。其中,慢性病患者指曾在一级及以上医疗机构确诊患有慢性病者。(2)个人行为:包括吸烟、饮酒和体育锻炼情况。其中,吸烟情况根据“您目前或曾经吸烟吗?”的问题进行判定,回答为“吸烟”者判定为吸烟,回答为“不吸烟”或“已戒烟”者判定为不吸烟[13];饮酒指饮酒≥1次/周且持续≥6个月[14];高频体育锻炼指进行高强度体育锻炼(如跑步、游泳、快速骑行等)≥4次/周且≥30分/次或中等强度体育锻炼(如快走、慢骑自行车、园艺等)≥60分/次,反之为低频体育锻炼[15]。(3)人际层次:包括婚姻状况、互联网使用情况和社会参与情况。其中,互联网使用指使用智能手机时长≥1 h/d[16];高频社会参与指参与社会活动(如广场舞、打牌、下棋等娱乐活动,志愿者活动,拜佛、做礼拜等宗教活动等)≥1次/周,反之为低频社会参与[17]。(4)社区层次:包括离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离和就业情况。(5)政策层次:包括有无城镇职工基本医疗保险、城乡居民基本医疗保险和商业医疗保险。(6)家庭医生服务签约和使用情况。
采用R 4.3.1统计软件进行一般描述性分析,χ2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
中国东、中、西部地区2 208名农村空巢老年人中,东部地区779人(35.3%),中部地区853人(38.6%),西部地区576人(26.1%);男性1 063人(48.1%),女性1 145人(51.9%);年龄60~69岁1 122人(50.8%),70~79岁923人(41.8%),≥80岁163人(7.4%);文化程度小学及以下1 569人(71.1%),初中451人(20.4%),高中/中专及以上188人(8.5%);个人年收入<5 000元1 252人(56.7%),5000~9 999元418人(18.9%),10 000~14 999元128人(5.8%),≥15 000元410人(18.6%);未患慢性病834人(37.8%),患慢性病1 374例(62.2%);不吸烟1 798人(81.4%),吸烟410人(18.6%);不饮酒1 821人(82.5%),饮酒387人(17.5%);低频体育锻炼1 052人(47.6%),高频体育锻炼1 156人(52.4%);非在婚311人(14.1%),在婚1 897人(85.9%);无互联网使用1 185人(53.7%),有互联网使用1 023人(46.3%);低频社会参与1 079人(48.9%),高频社会参与1 129人(51.1%);离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离<1 km者1 422人(64.4%),1~3 km者727人(32.9%),≥4 km者59人(2.7%);在业815人(36.9%),离退休258人(11.7%),失业或无业1 135人(51.4%);无城镇职工基本医疗保险2 132人(96.6%),有城镇职工基本医疗保险76人(3.4%);无城乡居民基本医疗保险82人(3.7%),有城乡居民基本医疗保险2 126人(96.3%);无商业医疗保险1 896人(85.9%),有商业医疗保险312人(14.1%)。
中国东、中、西部地区2 208名农村空巢老年人中,家庭医生服务签约者1 100人,家庭医生服务签约率为49.82%;其中东、中、西部地区家庭医生服务签约率分别为39.41%(307/779)、36.46%(311/853)和83.68%(482/576),不同地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率不同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=358.842,P<0.001)。东部地区不同特征农村空巢老年人比较,不同文化程度、个人年收入、社会参与情况和就业情况农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);中部不同特征农村空巢老年人比较,不同年龄、文化程度和就业情况农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);西部不同特征农村空巢老年人比较,不同年龄、文化程度、社会参与情况及是否患慢性病、互联网使用农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
中国东、中、西部地区2 208名农村空巢老年人中,家庭医生服务使用者948人,家庭医生服务使用率为42.93%;其中东、中、西部地区家庭医生服务使用率分别为36.97%(288/779)、23.80%(203/853)和79.34%(457/576);不同地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用率不同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=450.389,P<0.001)。东部地区不同特征农村空巢老年人比较,不同文化程度、个人年收入、社会参与情况、就业情况和是否患慢性病农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用率不同差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);中部地区不同特征农村空巢老年人比较,不同文化程度、饮酒情况、就业情况和是否患慢性病农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用率不同差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);西部地区不同特征农村空巢老年人比较,不同文化程度、吸烟情况、体育锻炼、社会参与情况以及是否患慢性病、互联网使用、有商业医疗保险农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用率不同差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
分别以东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人是否签约家庭医生服务为因变量(0=未签约,1=签约),以性别、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入、慢性病患病情况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体育锻炼情况、婚姻状况、互联网使用情况、社会参与情况、离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离、就业情况、有无城镇职工基本医疗保险、有无城乡居民基本医疗保险和有无商业医疗保险共16个因素为自变量,进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示,东部地区个人年收入≥5 000元农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高;文化程度高中/中专及以上、高频社会参与和离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较低;中部地区文化程度高中/中专及以上、离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离1~3 km、有城镇职工基本医疗保险和有商业医疗保险农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高,离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较低;西部地区女性、患慢性病和吸烟农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高,使用互联网和高频社会参与农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较低。
分别以东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人是否使用家庭医生服务为因变量(0=未使用,1=使用),以性别、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入、慢性病患病情况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体育锻炼情况、婚姻状况、互联网使用情况、社会参与情况、离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离、就业情况、有无城镇职工基本医疗保险、有无城乡居民基本医疗保险和有无商业医疗保险共16个因素为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示,东部地区个人年收入≥5 000元农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高,文化程度高中/中专及以上、高频社会参与和离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较低;中部地区文化程度高中/中专及以上和患慢性病农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高,离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较低;西部地区患慢性病和吸烟农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高,文化程度高中/中专及以上和高频社会参与农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较低。
调查结果显示,中国东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率分别为49.82%和42.93%;其中东、中、西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率分别为39.41%和36.97%、36.46%和23.80%、83.68%和79.34%;西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均最高,这可能是因为西部农村地广人稀、交通不便、医疗资源地理可及性较差;同时老年人慢性病高发,家庭医生成为老年人获取健康服务的主要途径[18]。本次调查中,农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率虽高于刘慧等[19]研究四川省成都市老年人家庭医生服务签约率的47.3%和王芳等[20]研究北京市东城区一般人群家庭医生服务签约率的36.26%,但仍低于徐晓莉等[21]调查中上海市闵行区糖尿病患者家庭医生服务签约率的90.07%;农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用率低于王丽娟等[22]调查上海市闵行区长护险居家照护居民家庭医生服务使用率的57.64%以及胡小璞等[23]调查浙江省杭州市主城区签约居民家庭医生服务项目使用率的66.25%和何梅亮等[24]调查广东省深圳市宝安区签约患者电子健康档案使用率的83.87%~95.32%。不同研究中,家庭医生服务签约率和使用率的不同可能与研究对象和研究地区的差异有关。目前大多研究主要针对全体居民[20]和特定病种患者[21]等,而本研究对象则为农村空巢老年人群。该人群通常面临经济状况不佳和文化水平较低的状况,因此,获取健康信息的渠道受限,进而对家庭医生服务的认知和接受程度不高[25];且由于缺乏子女的陪伴,更容易与社会脱节,进一步减少了接触家庭医生服务的机会[26]。此外,农村地区基础设施相对落后、基层卫生服务能力薄弱,使得医疗服务的覆盖范围更加局限[27]。因此,对于该人群的家庭医生服务签约和使用情况更应加以关注。
多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度高中/中专及以上农村空巢老年人仅在中部地区的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率较高,在东部地区家庭医生服务签约率和使用率以及西部地区家庭医生服务使用率则较低,这可能与中部地区青壮年外流严重有关[28]。Zhang J X等[29]研究表明,缺失家庭成员的支持可能迫使空巢老年人更加依赖基层医疗服务。与此同时,黄妮[30]的研究表明,中部地区基层医疗资源与需求具有较高的适配性,其耦合协调度优于西部地区。因此,中部地区文化程度较高的老年人群体可能会更理性地评估家庭医生的性价比优势,将其作为就诊的最优解,而西部地区老年人则较少使用家庭医生服务。此外,东部地区卫生资源丰富,但优质资源的集中则会导致文化程度较高的农村老年人更倾向于选择医院而非家庭医生,这与Xie X Y等[31]的研究结果一致。
本研究结果显示,东部和西部地区高频社会参与农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均较低,这可能是因为社会参与度较高的老年人往往健康状态更好[32],从而可能对家庭医生服务的依赖性相对较低[33]。东部和中部地区离退休农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率较低,与王俊杰等[34]研究结果一致。中部和西部地区患慢性病农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务使用率较高,与茹文臣等[35 – 36]的研究结果一致。这可能与老年人更易患慢性病[37],医疗需求也随之增加相关[38–39];还可能与慢性病患者作为家庭医生开展医疗保健服务的重点对象,因此,得到家庭医生更多的关注与服务有关[26]。
本研究中,东部地区个人年收入≥5 000元农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率较高,这可能与收入较高的农村空巢老年人不仅有能力购买医疗服务[40–41],还重视自身健康状况相关。中部地区离家庭住址最近医药服务机构距离1~3 km农村空巢老年人的家庭医生签约率较高,与Li J等[33]研究结果一致,可能是因为家离医疗机构较近(<1 km)时会因便利性而缺少签约动力,而离医疗机构较远(≥4 km)时家庭医生的地理优势消失,居民就医决策核心会从空间可及性转向服务质量优先,与蒋翠珍等[42]研究结果一致。中部地区有城镇职工基本医疗保险或商业医疗保险农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高,可能与这2种保险类型在报销比例上优于城乡居民基本医疗保险有关。因此,拥有这2种保险者的家庭医生服务签约意愿较强。西部地区吸烟农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率和使用率较高,与Nie Z Q等[43]研究结果一致。这可能是因为吸烟是心血管疾病[44]和慢性阻塞性肺疾病[45]等的危险因素之一。因此,吸烟者更可能被纳入家庭医生服务的重点管理对象,从而签约并使用相关服务。西部地区互联网使用农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较低,可能与居民通过互联网可以获取健康信息[46],从而减少了其对家庭医生的需求有关;还可能因为互联网的使用对农村空巢老年人的身心健康有显著正向影响[47–48],从而导致健康的农村空巢老年人认为签约家庭医生并非必要[33]。西部地区女性农村空巢老年人的家庭医生服务签约率较高,与王广通等[49]研究结果一致。可能与女性老年人更注重健康管理和自身健康监测,从而能够更主动签约家庭医生服务[50]。
综上所述,中国西部地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务签约率和使用率均最高,且不同地区农村空巢老年人家庭医生签约和使用情况影响因素存在差异。因此,家庭医生服务在农村空巢老年人中的落实应在不同地区有所侧重,以保证高效的资源配置。虽然本研究为全国性调查,但尚未对不同家庭医生服务类型的影响因素进行探究。因此,在今后的研究中可对农村空巢老年人家庭医生服务使用类型的影响因素做进一步探索。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146422
  • 接收时间:2024-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14
  • 修回日期:2025-04-12
  • 录用日期:2025-08-28
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作者信息
    1华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院,武汉 430000
    2湖北省人文社科重点研究基地农村健康服务研究中心,武汉 430000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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