Article(id=1320438240423825920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146335, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730649600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-04, revisedDate=1751904000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-08, acceptedDate=1768752000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-19, onlineDate=1792746609072, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746609072, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746609072, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746609072, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438090615862080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='4', pageStart='385', pageEnd='512', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746573356, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748076043, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444393430040620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444393430040621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=424, endPage=428, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438240658706946, articleId=1320438240423825920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Mechanism of tea polyphenols delaying sarcopenia in the rat model of aged T2DM by ameliorating muscle fat infiltration, columnId=1320438240595792385, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Experimental Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on sarcopenia in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Methods

Thirty 8-week-old SD rats were assigned into a control group (n=10) and a modeling group (n=20) according to body weight. The aged T2DM model was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with injection of D-galactose and streptozotocin (STZ). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥16.7 mmol/L and elevated P53 protein expression mark the occurrence of diabetes and aging. The relative wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle was compared among the control, model, and TP intervention (administration with TP at 300 mg/kg for 8 consecutive weeks after modeling for 7 weeks) groups. The area of intermuscular adipose tissue was observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and semi-quantitatively analyzed. The expression levels of proteins including Wnt10b, β-catenin, PPAR-γ, and CEBPB in the gastrocnemius muscle were determined by Western blot.

Results

The TP intervention group had lower FBG, higher relative wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle, and lower intermuscular fat infiltration (a decrease of 18.60%) at the end of the intervention than the model group (all P<0.05). TP intervention improved the pancreatic tissue structure in shape and area and alleviated the vacuolation of islet cells compared with the model group. In addition, TP intervention up-regulated the expression of Wnt10b and β-catenin while down-regulating the expression of PPARγ and CEBPB (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

TP intervention may improve muscle mass and reduce fat infiltration in the gastrocnemius muscle by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that regulates the differentiation of adipocytes.

, authors=Cheng ZHANG1, Chenyang LI2, Lushan XUE1, Shuangzhi CHEN1, Xi WANG1, Haifeng ZHAO1, 3, authorsList=Cheng ZHANG, Chenyang LI, Lushan XUE, Shuangzhi CHEN, Xi WANG, Haifeng ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haifeng ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHAO Haifeng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438248317506069, articleId=1320438240423825920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=茶多酚通过改善肌肉脂肪浸润延缓衰老T2DM模型大鼠肌肉衰减机制, columnId=1320438240746787332, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=实验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于Wnt/β-catenin通路探讨茶多酚(Tea polyphenols, TP)通过改善肌肉脂肪浸润减缓衰老T2DM模型大鼠腓肠肌肌肉衰减的机制。

方法

30只8 w龄SD大鼠,按体重分为对照组和造模组。利用高糖高脂饲养及注射STZ诱导T2DM,腹腔注射D–半乳糖诱导衰老,从而构建衰老T2DM大鼠模型。空腹血糖(FBG)≥16.7 mmol/L以及腓肠肌P53蛋白表达明显高于对照组分别作为糖尿病和衰老发生的判定标准。实验中对照组、衰老T2DM组及TP干预组(7w造模成功后,300 mg/kg TP连续干预8w)进行比较分析。大鼠腓肠肌相对湿重、HE染色观察并半定量分析肌间脂肪组织的面积,Western blot法检测腓肠肌Wnt10b、β-catenin、PPAR-γ、CEBPB等蛋白的表达。

结果

与模型组相比,TP干预组大鼠FBG水平在干预结束时降低(P<0.05)、腓肠肌相对湿重平均提高约38.10%(P<0.05)、肌间脂肪浸润平均减少约18.60%(P<0.05)。此外,TP干预后胰腺组织结构在形状、面积及胰岛细胞的胞浆疏松或空泡化程度较模型组有较明显改善。腓肠肌Wnt10b和β-catenin蛋白表达水平上调,PPARγ和CEBPB蛋白表达水平下降(均P<0.05)。

结论

TP干预可以改善肌肉质量,减少腓肠肌脂肪浸润,其部分作用机理可能与激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控下游脂肪细胞的分化有关。

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张骋(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:营养与疾病

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赵海峰,E-mail:
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注:a 与对照组比较P<0.05 , b 与模型组比较P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=VYUV94xXIFbOW52jAgrzHA==, figureFileBig=AU0ueta6Qzv5jCtSoxc+wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438261886079564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438240423825920, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HE staining (100×), semi-quantitative analysis of intermuscular fat area, and relative wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle in each group of rats (n=3), figureFileSmall=+UAT0tjYH73mOq5+bY2AJQ==, figureFileBig=g1mSSN9a6tU5NShu49CdFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438261948994125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438240423825920, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同组别大鼠腓肠肌HE染色(100×)、肌间脂肪半定量分析及相对湿重(n=3)

注:绿色纵向箭头示意为肌纤维面积,黄色横向箭头示意为肌间脂肪面积如图(A);Bar=200 μm. 肌间脂肪半定量分析如图(B);腓肠肌湿重比如图(C);a 与对照组比较P < 0.05 , b 与模型组比较P < 0.05。

, figureFileSmall=+UAT0tjYH73mOq5+bY2AJQ==, figureFileBig=g1mSSN9a6tU5NShu49CdFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438262125154894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438240423825920, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=HE staining in pancreatic tissue of rats in each group (100×), figureFileSmall=NWnviwXeR7FXaJ+yYlTDxQ==, figureFileBig=JjmYqCsjrOEDkT80e50Mgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438262204846671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438240423825920, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组大鼠胰腺组织HE染色(100×)

注:黑色圈出部分为胰岛;Bar=100 μm。

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注:a 与对照组比较P < 0.05 , b 与模型组比较P < 0.05。

, figureFileSmall=pqCnoI8HqqFNvN93h2NipQ==, figureFileBig=XipwfgUzz4Gx6G0bTTNa0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438262406173266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438240423825920, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

FBG levels in rats of each group at different time points ($ \overline{x} $± s, n=10, mmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别适应性喂养1w后注射STZ 2 w后TP干预8 w后
对照组6.49 ± 0.976.05 ± 0.556.10 ± 0.57
模型组6.85 ± 0.8426.06 ± 4.29a27.21 ± 3.40a
干预组7.03 ± 0.5620.10 ± 2.92a20.44 ± 1.10ab
F值1.163116.387266.130
), ArticleFig(id=1320438262473282131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438240423825920, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组大鼠血清不同时间节点FBG水平比较($ \overline{x} $± s,n=10,mmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别适应性喂养1w后注射STZ 2 w后TP干预8 w后
对照组6.49 ± 0.976.05 ± 0.556.10 ± 0.57
模型组6.85 ± 0.8426.06 ± 4.29a27.21 ± 3.40a
干预组7.03 ± 0.5620.10 ± 2.92a20.44 ± 1.10ab
F值1.163116.387266.130
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茶多酚通过改善肌肉脂肪浸润延缓衰老T2DM模型大鼠肌肉衰减机制
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张骋 1 , 李晨阳 2 , 薛璐珊 1 , 陈爽直 1 , 王希 1 , 赵海峰 1, 3, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 实验研究 2026,42(4): 424-428
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中国公共卫生 |实验研究 2026 , 42 (4) : 424 -428
茶多酚通过改善肌肉脂肪浸润延缓衰老T2DM模型大鼠肌肉衰减机制
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张骋1, 李晨阳2, 薛璐珊1, 陈爽直1, 王希1, 赵海峰1, 3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学教研室 / 营养与食品科学研究所,太原 030001
  • 2山西医科大学第二临床医学院,太原 030001
  • 3煤炭环境致病与防治教育部重点实验室,太原 030001
通讯作者:
赵海峰,E-mail:
作者简介:

张骋(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:营养与疾病

Mechanism of tea polyphenols delaying sarcopenia in the rat model of aged T2DM by ameliorating muscle fat infiltration
Cheng ZHANG1, Chenyang LI2, Lushan XUE1, Shuangzhi CHEN1, Xi WANG1, Haifeng ZHAO1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health / Nutritional and Food Sciences Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • 2The Second Clinical Medical School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHAO Haifeng, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146335
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目的

基于Wnt/β-catenin通路探讨茶多酚(Tea polyphenols, TP)通过改善肌肉脂肪浸润减缓衰老T2DM模型大鼠腓肠肌肌肉衰减的机制。

方法

30只8 w龄SD大鼠,按体重分为对照组和造模组。利用高糖高脂饲养及注射STZ诱导T2DM,腹腔注射D–半乳糖诱导衰老,从而构建衰老T2DM大鼠模型。空腹血糖(FBG)≥16.7 mmol/L以及腓肠肌P53蛋白表达明显高于对照组分别作为糖尿病和衰老发生的判定标准。实验中对照组、衰老T2DM组及TP干预组(7w造模成功后,300 mg/kg TP连续干预8w)进行比较分析。大鼠腓肠肌相对湿重、HE染色观察并半定量分析肌间脂肪组织的面积,Western blot法检测腓肠肌Wnt10b、β-catenin、PPAR-γ、CEBPB等蛋白的表达。

结果

与模型组相比,TP干预组大鼠FBG水平在干预结束时降低(P<0.05)、腓肠肌相对湿重平均提高约38.10%(P<0.05)、肌间脂肪浸润平均减少约18.60%(P<0.05)。此外,TP干预后胰腺组织结构在形状、面积及胰岛细胞的胞浆疏松或空泡化程度较模型组有较明显改善。腓肠肌Wnt10b和β-catenin蛋白表达水平上调,PPARγ和CEBPB蛋白表达水平下降(均P<0.05)。

结论

TP干预可以改善肌肉质量,减少腓肠肌脂肪浸润,其部分作用机理可能与激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控下游脂肪细胞的分化有关。

茶多酚  /  衰老T2DM  /  肌肉衰减  /  肌肉脂肪浸润  /  Wnt/β-catenin通路
Objective

To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on sarcopenia in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Methods

Thirty 8-week-old SD rats were assigned into a control group (n=10) and a modeling group (n=20) according to body weight. The aged T2DM model was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with injection of D-galactose and streptozotocin (STZ). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥16.7 mmol/L and elevated P53 protein expression mark the occurrence of diabetes and aging. The relative wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle was compared among the control, model, and TP intervention (administration with TP at 300 mg/kg for 8 consecutive weeks after modeling for 7 weeks) groups. The area of intermuscular adipose tissue was observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and semi-quantitatively analyzed. The expression levels of proteins including Wnt10b, β-catenin, PPAR-γ, and CEBPB in the gastrocnemius muscle were determined by Western blot.

Results

The TP intervention group had lower FBG, higher relative wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle, and lower intermuscular fat infiltration (a decrease of 18.60%) at the end of the intervention than the model group (all P<0.05). TP intervention improved the pancreatic tissue structure in shape and area and alleviated the vacuolation of islet cells compared with the model group. In addition, TP intervention up-regulated the expression of Wnt10b and β-catenin while down-regulating the expression of PPARγ and CEBPB (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

TP intervention may improve muscle mass and reduce fat infiltration in the gastrocnemius muscle by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that regulates the differentiation of adipocytes.

tea polyphenols  /  aged T2DM  /  sarcopenia  /  muscle fat infiltration  /  Wnt/β-catenin pathway
张骋, 李晨阳, 薛璐珊, 陈爽直, 王希, 赵海峰. 茶多酚通过改善肌肉脂肪浸润延缓衰老T2DM模型大鼠肌肉衰减机制. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (4) : 424 -428 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146335
Cheng ZHANG, Chenyang LI, Lushan XUE, Shuangzhi CHEN, Xi WANG, Haifeng ZHAO. Mechanism of tea polyphenols delaying sarcopenia in the rat model of aged T2DM by ameliorating muscle fat infiltration[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (4) : 424 -428 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146335
肌肉减少症,也称肌少症,是一种年龄增长导致的肌肉功能衰退、质量减少的疾病,常与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)合并发生[1]。糖尿病导致的胰岛素抵抗和血糖升高,使肌肉蛋白质分解增加,合成减少,进而引起骨骼肌的糖脂代谢异常,加重胰岛素抵抗的恶性循环[2]。糖尿病合并肌少症的发病机制尚未完全阐明。2019欧洲防治肌少症专家共识中对于肌少症的定义为肌肉质量降低和肌肉脂肪浸润等机制导致的肌肉功能衰退[3]。Wnt/β-catenin是在生物体中具有调节细胞分化功能的重要信号通路。正常情况下,β–连环蛋白(β-catenin)处于静默状态,但当肌肉发生脂肪浸润并超过其自身调控能力时,则触发β-catenin信号传导,减少其在细胞内的降解并使其稳定,抑制下游因子的活性,限制脂肪过度分化。活化的Wnt通路可以下调下游脂肪细胞分化的关键转录因子PPARγ(Peroxisome Proliferators Activated Receptors-gamma)和CEBPB(CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Beta)的表达,抑制脂肪细胞分化[4]。茶多酚(Tea polyphenols, TP)作为茶叶中主要发挥作用的物质,很多研究关注到了TP对于肌肉衰减的影响[5–6]。本研究采用课题组前期通过腹腔注射D–半乳糖诱导衰老,以及高糖高脂饲养及注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ)诱导T2DM构建衰老T2DM大鼠模型[7]。观察TP通过减缓肌肉脂肪浸润改善衰老T2DM模型大鼠合并肌肉衰减,以期为老年T2DM合并肌少症的防治提供参考。
链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin, STZ, 美国Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.);D–半乳糖(Amresco, Inc. 美国);TP(纯度≥ 98%, 西安霖草生物工程有限公司)。Wnt10b(Wnt Family Member 10B)抗体(武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司),β-catenin、PPARγ、CEBPB抗体(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司),GAPDH(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)抗体(武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司),二抗:辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗兔IgG(Immunoglobulin G)抗体(武汉博士德生物工程有限公司)。
中国食品药品检定研究院购买30只8 w龄雄性SD大鼠,许可证号SCXK(京)2022–0002。动物实验计划通过山西省肿瘤医院动物实验伦理审查委员会审查(伦理备案号:2022002)。在1 w适应性饲养后,将各组依据体重分为对照组10只,造模组20只。对照组喂饲维持饲料;造模组喂饲高脂饲料(含20%猪油、10%蔗糖、1%胆酸钠、2.5%胆固醇、66.5%基础饲料),并每日注射50 mg/kg D–半乳糖,4 w后禁食12 h,30 mg/kg STZ溶液一次性腹腔注射。STZ注射后的第3,7,14天进行空腹血糖值(fasting blood glucose, FBG)测定,当血糖值均≥ 16.7 mmol/L时,即判定T2DM模型成功诱导。后将造模组大鼠随机分成模型组与TP干预组各10只。两组均以高脂饲料喂养8 w,并每日给予50 mg/kg D–半乳糖诱发衰老,其间干预组每日300 mg/kg TP灌胃。每周称量大鼠体重。干预结束后,腓肠肌P53蛋白表达作为本实验的衰老标志。
大鼠禁食8 h,尾尖处采血后使用血糖仪测量FBG水平。胰腺组织固定在4%多聚甲醛后经梯度酒精脱水、石蜡包埋、连续切片3张、脱蜡、HE染色封片后,在光学显微镜(200×)下拍照观察胰腺组织形态和病理变化。
干预结束后,20%乌拉坦麻醉大鼠,分别取各组大鼠两侧后肢腓肠肌组织并测量其湿重。肌肉相对湿重:腓肠肌重量(g)/体重(g)×100%。其中每组随机选择3只大鼠并将其腓肠肌进行石蜡包埋,连续切片3张、脱蜡、HE染色封片后,在光学显微镜(100×)下拍照观察腓肠肌形态和病理变化。最后计算腓肠肌组织切片中肌间脂肪面积比例,肌间脂肪面积:肌间脂肪面积(%)/总体面积(%)×100%。使用Image J软件进行半定量分析。
取腓肠肌组织,加入RIPA裂解液裂解后匀浆,BCA定量蛋白。每个孔内加入10 μl总蛋白样品进行电泳后转膜,再用封闭液封闭2 h,加入稀释比例为1:1 000的GAPDH、Wnt10b、CEBPB、β-catenin、P53以及稀释比例为1:2000的PPAR-γ抗体,4℃过夜。TBST清洗3遍,二抗(1:5000)室温孵育1 h,再清洗3遍,加入显影液显影,最后用Image J软件分析条带灰度值。
数据处理采用 SPSS 26.0软件进行,结果用${\bar x}$ ± s表示。通过Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验后,使用One-way ANOVA法分析总体差异,方差齐者组间两两比较以LSD法进行分析,方差不齐者以Dunnett法进行分析,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。采用GraphPad Prism 10.0软件进行数据可视化。
实验前3组大鼠FBG水平无统计学差异(F=1.163,P>0.05),注射STZ 2 w后,各组大鼠FBG水平差异具有统计学意义(F=116.387,P<0.05),TP干预8 w后,各组大鼠FBG水平差异同样具有统计学意义(F=266.130,P<0.05),但干预组大鼠的FBG水平较模型组明显下降(P<0.05)。
干预后各组大鼠腓肠肌P53表达具有统计学差异(F=29.243,P<0.05)。模型组大鼠腓肠肌P53蛋白表达明显高于对照组(P<0.05),干预组相较于模型组P53表达明显下调(P<0.05)。
如图2(A)所示,HE染色结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组肌纤维面积减少,肌纤维排列紊乱,结构分散,肌束内及肌束间质脂肪面积明显增大。TP干预组肌纤维面积有所恢复,肌间脂肪面积小于模型组。如图2(B)所示,各组大鼠腓肠肌肌间脂肪面积总体差异具有统计学意义(F=42.887,P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组肌间脂肪面积均值增加约72.96%(P<0.05)。TP干预组相较于模型组脂肪面积降低约18.60%(P<0.05)。如图2(C)所示,各组大鼠腓肠肌肌肉湿重比总体差异具有统计学意义(F=121.036,P<0.05)。与对照组相比,模型组的相对湿重显著降低约56.21%(P<0.05),干预组腓肠肌相对湿重相对于模型组明显上升约38.10%(P<0.05)。
对照组胰腺组织胰岛形态规整,边缘光滑,组织内可见较多的细胞,位于细胞中央的细胞核较大且呈圆形。模型组胰腺组织中胰岛形状不规则,胰岛面积显著增大且与周围组织界限模糊,部分细胞的胞浆疏松或出现空泡化现象。干预组的胰岛形状及胰岛细胞的胞浆疏松或空泡化程度均有明显改善,胰岛面积较模型组有所减小。
如图4所示,各组大鼠腓肠肌Wnt10b、β-catenin、PPAR-γ、CEBPB蛋白表达量总体差异具有统计学意义(F=7.101,F=9.891,F=18.990,F=11.545,均P<0.05)。如图4(B,C)所示,TP干预8 w后,模型组大鼠腓肠肌Wnt10b、β-catenin表达水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。而TP干预组大鼠Wnt10b、β-catenin蛋白在腓肠肌中的表达明显升高(P<0.05)。如图4(D,E)所示,模型组大鼠PPAR-γ、CEBPB的表达相较于对照组显著提高(P<0.05),而干预组PPAR-γ、CEBPB的表达与模型组相比明显降低(P<0.05)。蛋白条带结果如图4(A)所示。
根据《IDF全球糖尿病地图(第十一版)》统计,我国糖尿患者数已超过1.4亿,位居全球第一[8]。而老年人是糖尿病高发人群,所以积极探索老年糖尿病及其并发症的防治尤为重要。本实验采用高糖高脂饲料喂养,结合腹腔注射STZ来诱导T2DM[7]。D–半乳糖经半乳糖氧化酶作用会转化为过氧化氢和醛糖,能较好地模拟自然衰老的过程,P53作为细胞周期调节分子,能激活细胞周期相关激酶抑制剂,导致细胞周期停滞,是衰老的标志物[9]。本研究中,在腹腔注射STZ后的2 w内,造模组的大鼠FBG均达到或超过16.7 mmol/L,而且实验结束后,造模组大鼠P53的表达显著高于对照组,表明衰老T2DM大鼠模型建立成功。在进行了8 w的TP干预后,与模型组相比,干预组的大鼠FBG以及腓肠肌中P53的表达显著降低。结果表明,TP对衰老T2DM模型大鼠的FBG水平以及衰老均表现出了一定的积极作用。
临床上常采取骨骼肌质量指数作为肌肉衰减症的主要评价指标,且有研究采取骨骼肌相对湿重作为动物肌肉衰减症模型评判标准[10, 11]。本实验中,模型组相较于对照组肌肉相对湿重明显降低,提示衰老T2DM会出现明显的肌肉衰减。此外,也观察到肌间脂肪浸润明显增加。TP灌胃干预8 w后,干预组大鼠与模型组相比,肌肉相对湿重有所升高且肌间脂肪浸润明显减少,提示TP在一定程度上可以改善衰老T2DM模型大鼠合并肌肉衰减的症状。
以往对于肌少症防治的研究主要聚焦在肌肉量变化,大量研究专注于肌纤维本身的降解而引起的力量衰减现象[12]。而近年来肌肉脂肪浸润机制越来越受到科学界的关注,多项研究表明,当Wnt通路被适当活化时,可通过稳定β-catenin及增加Wnt10b,下调脂肪细胞分化关键转录因子PPARγ与CEBPB的表达,抑制下游脂肪合成相关因子的表达,从而降低肌内脂肪沉积,但此环节被抑制后,脂肪细胞分化显著增强[13]。在本研究中,观察到相对于模型组,干预组大鼠腓肠肌组织中Wnt10b及β-catenin的表达上调,而PPARγ和CEBPB的表达显著降低。因此,本研究认为这可能是因为TP通过减少β-catenin的异常降解,并上调Wnt10b的表达,从而共同阻断下游脂肪分化基因的传导,减少肌肉脂质沉积,恢复肌纤维数量,改善肌肉质量,减缓骨骼肌衰减。
综上所述,TP可改善衰老T2DM大鼠合并肌肉衰减。其部分机制与减缓肌肉脂肪浸润有关。但要进一步明确该通路改变与TP改善衰老T2DM大鼠合并肌肉衰减的因果关系,今后需要进行激动剂或抑制剂的在体验证。

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2026年第42卷第4期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146335
  • 接收时间:2024-11-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04
  • 修回日期:2025-07-08
  • 录用日期:2026-01-19
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    1山西医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学教研室 / 营养与食品科学研究所,太原 030001
    2山西医科大学第二临床医学院,太原 030001
    3煤炭环境致病与防治教育部重点实验室,太原 030001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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