Article(id=1321169995929866912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169924697993338, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146131, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=1734192000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-15, acceptedDate=1744387200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-12, onlineDate=1792921073181, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921073181, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921073181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921073181, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169924697993338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='5', pageStart='513', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921056198, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921056198, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=585, endPage=591, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169996366074529, articleId=1321169995929866912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Trend and prediction of daily incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen, 2011 - 2023 with projections to 2024: a Prophet model approach, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the performance of the Prophet model in predicting the daily incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen city, to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, public holidays, and school vacations (summer/winter) on HFMD predictions, and to provide new insights for HFMD surveillance and early warning systems.

Methods

Using daily incidence rate data of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen city from 2011 to 2023 as a training set, we constructed different Prophet models based on two factors: (1) whether data from the COVID-19 epidemic period were included, and (2) whether holiday effects were adjusted. These models were then used to predict the daily incidence rate from January to July 2024, and the predictions were compared with the actual observations. Model performance was evaluated using four metrics: mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE).

Results

Compared to the Prophet model trained on data during the COVID-19 pandemic, the baseline Prophet model (without pandemic data) achieved reductions in daily average MSE, MAE, RMSE, and SMAPE of 45.64%, 27.63%, 25.89%, and 7.97%, respectively. After controlling for holiday effects, the MAE, RMSE, and SMAPE values remained unchanged. When the prediction horizon exceeded 4 months, the daily MSE decreased by 3.81%. For predictions within 4 months, the model yielded MSE, MAE, RMSE, and SMAPE values (with 95% confidence intervals) of 0.42 (0.33, 0.90), 0.51 (0.45, 0.75), 0.65 (0.57, 0.95), and 0.42 (0.24, 0.44), respectively. In contrast, the predictions at 7 months showed higher errors: MSE 1.78 (0.39, 29.61), MAE 0.94 (0.48, 3.05), RMSE 1.33 (0.63, 5.44), and SMAPE 0.40 (0.33, 0.43).

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 - 2022), the daily HFMD incidence rate significantly affected the performance of the Prophet model. While controlling for holidays and school vacations (winter/summer) had a limited effect on short-term predictions, it improved the model′s accuracy for long-term predictions.

, authors=Wenhai LU1, 3, Lixia SONG2, 3, Huawei XIONG2, Zhigao CHEN2, Yan LU2, Yanpeng CHENG2, Zhen ZHANG2, authorsList=Wenhai LU, Lixia SONG, Huawei XIONG, Zhigao CHEN, Yan LU, Yanpeng CHENG, Zhen ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhen ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Zhen, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170005140558534, articleId=1321169995929866912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=基于Prophet模型的深圳市手足口病日发病率趋势分析与预测, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评价Prophet模型在深圳市手足口病日发病率预测中的效果,分析新冠病毒感染疫情、法定节假日及寒暑假期对手足口病预测的影响,为手足口病监测预警提供新思路。

方法

以深圳市2011—2023年手足口病日发病率数据为训练集,根据是否纳入新冠病毒感染疫情期间数据、是否控制假期项构建不同的Prophet模型,预测2024年1—7月的日发病率并与实际值比较,采用均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、对称平均绝对误差百分比(SMAPE)等4个指标评价拟合及预测效果。

结果

与纳入新冠病毒感染疫情期间数据的Prophet模型相比,未纳入的Prophet模型日均MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE分别下降了45.64%、27.63%、25.89%、7.97%。控制假期项后模型MAE、RMSE、SMAPE无变化,但在预测时间跨度超过4个月时,日均MSE值降低了3.81%。在4个月内模型预测的MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE(95%CI)依次为0.42(0.33,0.90)、0.51(0.45,0.75)、0.65(0.57,0.95)、0.42(0.24,0.44),而预测7个月时预测的MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE(95%CI)分别为1.78(0.39,29.61)、0.94(0.48,3.05)、1.33(0.63,5.44)、0.40(0.33,0.43)。

结论

新冠病毒感染疫情期间(2020—2022年)手足口病日发病率对Prophet模型有较大的影响,控制节假日及寒暑假对短期预测效果的作用有限,但在长期预测时可提高模型精度。

, authors=卢文海1, 3, 宋丽霞2, 3, 熊华威2, 陈志高2, 路滟2, 程雁鹏2, 张振2, *, *, authorsList=卢文海, 宋丽霞, 熊华威, 陈志高, 路滟, 程雁鹏, 张振, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张振, authorNote=

卢文海(1994—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:传染病监测预警

, correspAuthorsNote=
张振,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 《中国公共卫生》编辑部 2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=nQ+QphLt4mxBz6nK/I1xRQ==, magXml=TBHsgnJyo43+24De5pCGhA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Qs44Q9rrhKzL+hipoTSEZw==, pdfFileSize=4424066, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=OejUQVZsMxIC++2e0iZSOw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=NWZmTYajNpN9WrjfdQVV+A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1321170006017168081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169995929866912, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170007694889684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169995929866912, authorId=1321170006017168081, language=EN, stringName=Wenhai LU, firstName=Wenhai, middleName=null, lastName=LU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Pingdi Street Public Health Service Center, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518117, China
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基于Prophet模型的深圳市手足口病日发病率趋势分析与预测
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卢文海 1, 3 , 宋丽霞 2, 3 , 熊华威 2 , 陈志高 2 , 路滟 2 , 程雁鹏 2 , 张振 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(5): 585-591
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (5) : 585 -591
基于Prophet模型的深圳市手足口病日发病率趋势分析与预测
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卢文海1, 3, 宋丽霞2, 3, 熊华威2, 陈志高2, 路滟2, 程雁鹏2, 张振2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1深圳市龙岗区坪地公共卫生服务中心疾病预防控制科,深圳 518117
  • 2深圳市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,深圳 518055
  • 3深圳市第七期现场流行病学培训项目,深圳 518055
通讯作者:
张振,E-mail:
作者简介:

卢文海(1994—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:传染病监测预警

Trend and prediction of daily incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen, 2011 - 2023 with projections to 2024: a Prophet model approach
Wenhai LU1, 3, Lixia SONG2, 3, Huawei XIONG2, Zhigao CHEN2, Yan LU2, Yanpeng CHENG2, Zhen ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Pingdi Street Public Health Service Center, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518117, China
  • 2Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • 3The 7th Field Epidemiology Training Program in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Zhen, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146131
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目的

评价Prophet模型在深圳市手足口病日发病率预测中的效果,分析新冠病毒感染疫情、法定节假日及寒暑假期对手足口病预测的影响,为手足口病监测预警提供新思路。

方法

以深圳市2011—2023年手足口病日发病率数据为训练集,根据是否纳入新冠病毒感染疫情期间数据、是否控制假期项构建不同的Prophet模型,预测2024年1—7月的日发病率并与实际值比较,采用均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、对称平均绝对误差百分比(SMAPE)等4个指标评价拟合及预测效果。

结果

与纳入新冠病毒感染疫情期间数据的Prophet模型相比,未纳入的Prophet模型日均MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE分别下降了45.64%、27.63%、25.89%、7.97%。控制假期项后模型MAE、RMSE、SMAPE无变化,但在预测时间跨度超过4个月时,日均MSE值降低了3.81%。在4个月内模型预测的MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE(95%CI)依次为0.42(0.33,0.90)、0.51(0.45,0.75)、0.65(0.57,0.95)、0.42(0.24,0.44),而预测7个月时预测的MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE(95%CI)分别为1.78(0.39,29.61)、0.94(0.48,3.05)、1.33(0.63,5.44)、0.40(0.33,0.43)。

结论

新冠病毒感染疫情期间(2020—2022年)手足口病日发病率对Prophet模型有较大的影响,控制节假日及寒暑假对短期预测效果的作用有限,但在长期预测时可提高模型精度。

手足口病  /  Prophet模型  /  时间序列分析  /  预测  /  深圳市
Objective

To evaluate the performance of the Prophet model in predicting the daily incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen city, to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, public holidays, and school vacations (summer/winter) on HFMD predictions, and to provide new insights for HFMD surveillance and early warning systems.

Methods

Using daily incidence rate data of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen city from 2011 to 2023 as a training set, we constructed different Prophet models based on two factors: (1) whether data from the COVID-19 epidemic period were included, and (2) whether holiday effects were adjusted. These models were then used to predict the daily incidence rate from January to July 2024, and the predictions were compared with the actual observations. Model performance was evaluated using four metrics: mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE).

Results

Compared to the Prophet model trained on data during the COVID-19 pandemic, the baseline Prophet model (without pandemic data) achieved reductions in daily average MSE, MAE, RMSE, and SMAPE of 45.64%, 27.63%, 25.89%, and 7.97%, respectively. After controlling for holiday effects, the MAE, RMSE, and SMAPE values remained unchanged. When the prediction horizon exceeded 4 months, the daily MSE decreased by 3.81%. For predictions within 4 months, the model yielded MSE, MAE, RMSE, and SMAPE values (with 95% confidence intervals) of 0.42 (0.33, 0.90), 0.51 (0.45, 0.75), 0.65 (0.57, 0.95), and 0.42 (0.24, 0.44), respectively. In contrast, the predictions at 7 months showed higher errors: MSE 1.78 (0.39, 29.61), MAE 0.94 (0.48, 3.05), RMSE 1.33 (0.63, 5.44), and SMAPE 0.40 (0.33, 0.43).

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 - 2022), the daily HFMD incidence rate significantly affected the performance of the Prophet model. While controlling for holidays and school vacations (winter/summer) had a limited effect on short-term predictions, it improved the model′s accuracy for long-term predictions.

hand, foot, and mouth disease  /  Prophet model  /  time series analysis  /  prediction  /  Shenzhen city
卢文海, 宋丽霞, 熊华威, 陈志高, 路滟, 程雁鹏, 张振. 基于Prophet模型的深圳市手足口病日发病率趋势分析与预测. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (5) : 585 -591 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146131
Wenhai LU, Lixia SONG, Huawei XIONG, Zhigao CHEN, Yan LU, Yanpeng CHENG, Zhen ZHANG. Trend and prediction of daily incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen, 2011 - 2023 with projections to 2024: a Prophet model approach[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (5) : 585 -591 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146131
手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)是一种具有高度传染性的自限性疾病,主要通过粪–口途径、呼吸道或接触病毒污染物传播[1]。手足口病常在托幼机构及中小学校引起暴发疫情,虽然多数症状较轻,但也可引起严重并发症,甚至导致死亡[2]。深圳市手足口病发病趋势呈现复杂的单双峰混合特征[3],这使得预测手足口病发病趋势变得更为困难。早期识别和预警手足口病流行趋势,从而最大限度降低其社会危害和经济损失一直是深圳市手足口病防控工作的重点。
目前已有多种机器学习方法可用于手足口病发病率的监测预警,如自回归移动平均模型、长短期记忆网络模型、神经网络自回归模型等[4, 5],但这些模型多是对周、月、年发病率进行预测。近年来在许多时间序列研究中表现优异的Prophet模型,可对手足口病逐日发病率进行预测,可将传染病监测预警关口再向前移,该模型已在各类疾病监测预警中取得较好效果[6–8]。目前深圳市尚无利用Prophet模型对手足口病日发病率预测的研究,本研究以深圳市2011—2023年手足口病日发病率数据为训练集,评价Prophet模型对手足口病日发病率的预测效果,分析节假日及新冠病毒感染疫情对模型准确性的影响,为疾病预警提供实际指导。
2011年1月—2024年7月深圳市手足口病日发病数据来源于中国疾病预防控制中心《传染病信息报告管理系统》。深圳市人口数据来源于深圳市统计局公布的统计年鉴。法定节假日安排及深圳市中小学寒暑假时间来源于中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部官网、深圳市教育局。本研究以2011年1月—2023年12月的手足口病逐日发病率作为训练集构建Prophet模型,2024年1—7月的手足口病逐日发病率作为测试集验证模型预测效果。
Prophet模型是Facebook 2017年开发的一种关于时间序列预测的算法[9]。它能够分析时间序列数据中的非线性趋势,并与每年、每周以及每日的季节性变化以及假期的影响相匹配。Prophet模型将时间序列分解成四部分,分别是趋势项、节假日项、季节项以及误差项,公式如下[10]:
$ y\left(t\right)=g\left(t\right)+s\left(t\right)+h\left(t\right)+\varepsilon \left(t\right) $式中$ y $为预测变量、$ t $为时间、$ g\left(t\right) $表示趋势项、$ s\left(t\right) $为周期项、$ h\left(t\right) $为节假日项、$ \varepsilon \left(t\right) $为误差项。本研究自动选择变化点,选择logistic增长模型,采用季节相乘模型,置信区间设置95%,不确定样本数设置为1 000。
本研究使用均方误差(mean squared error,MSE)、绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)、均方根误差(root mean squared error,RMSE)和对称平均绝对百分比误差(symmetric mean absolute percentage error,SMAPE)对模型预测精度进行评价[11]。这些指标值越小,模型性能越好。其中SMAPE值的范围为0~2,越接近0表明模型效果越好,该值可用于不同模型性能之间的相互比较。评价指标公式如下:
$ \begin{split} & \mathrm{MSE}=\frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n(y_i-\hat{y}_i)^2\text{,}\mathrm{MAE}=\frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n\left|y_i-\hat{y}_i\right|\text{,} \\ &\mathrm{RMSE}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n\left(y_i-\hat{y}_i\right)^2}\text{,} \\ &\mathrm{SMAPE}=\frac{100\mathrm{\%}}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n\dfrac{\left|y_i-\hat{y}_i\right|}{\left|\dfrac{\left|y_i\right|+\left|\hat{y}_i\right|}{2}\right|}。\end{split} $
其中n为样本量,$ {y}_{i} $为实际值,$ {\hat{y}}_{i} $为预测值。
所有数据的处理、统计分析及绘图均在R4.2.1软件中完成,R软件的“Prophet”包用于构建Prophet模型,采用滑动窗口法训练模型。偏态分布采用中位数(四分位数间距)[M(P25,P75)]描述。
2011—2023年深圳市手足口病逐日发病率如图1所示,日发病率在0.06/100万~88.56/100万之间波动,2011—2015年呈上升趋势,2016—2022年呈下降趋势,2023年出现趋势性反弹上升。从图1中可以看到,深圳市手足口病日发病率具有明显的季节性,为了更加清晰地显示手足口病的季节性变化规律,本研究通过Prophet模型提取了数据中的年周期性,如图2所示,可以发现深圳市手足口病发病率年周期性呈5—7月、9—10月双高峰上升流行态势,与实际手足口病发病率趋势一致。在大多数年份中,第1个峰值高于第2个峰值(见图1)。
鉴于2020—2022年手足口病的发病率较低(见图1),考虑新冠病毒感染疫情期间公共场所人流量控制、学校停课、提倡居民佩戴口罩出行等措施对肠道传染病的影响,本研究分别构建了纳入和不纳入新冠病毒感染疫情期间(2020—2022年)手足口病发病率的模型,以评估该部分数据对模型的影响。从图3中可以看到未纳入2020—2022年数据的模型2,其MSE、MAE、RMSE及SMAPE值均优于纳入2020—2022年数据的模型1,当预测时间跨度超过4个月时,模型2在MSE、MAE、RMSE以及SMAPE等评价指标上展现出了显著的性能优势,与模型1相比,模型2 日均MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE分别下降了45.64%、27.63%、25.89%、7.97%。
在模型2的基础上,纳入7个国家法定节假日及寒暑假期项构建了模型3,以探讨假期项对Prophet模型的影响。结果显示(见图4)在MAE(模型2日均MAE为1.69,模型3日均MAE为1.70)、RMSE(模型2日均RMSE为2.86,模型3日均RMSE为2.82)和SMAPE(模型2日均SMAPE为0.36,模型3日均SMAPE为0.35)上二者几乎一致,而MSE在短期预测时,二者一致(日均MSE均为1.21),但在预测时间跨度超过4个月时,考虑假期项的模型相对有更好的表现,日均MSE值能降低3.81%。进一步分析具体节假日的影响,对Prophet模型进行了成分分解,提取假期项见图5、6。结果显示元旦、春节、清明、五一劳动节,对手足口病的发病率具有负向作用,影响系数约−0.5%,而每年端午节、中秋节及国庆对手足口病发病率具有正向作用,影响系数约1%。寒假对手足口病发病率具有负向作用,而暑假在7月份表现对发病率具有正向作用,在8月则出现正负交替的现象。在所有节假日中端午和国庆节对手足口病发病率影响最大。
使用模型3对深圳市2011—2023年的数据进行拟合,采用滑动窗口方式对模型拟合能力进行检验,初始步长为6年,每隔1年滑动1次,模型拟合效果如图7所示。模型在短期内预测具有良好的性能。使用模型3对深圳市2024年手足口病日发病率进行预测,拟合及预测效果如图8所示,模型性能见图4。模型能较好地预测深圳市手足口病的日发病率,在4个月内模型具有良好的预测性能,其MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE分别为0.42(0.33,0.90)、0.51(0.45,0.75)、0.65(0.57,0.95)、0.42(0.24,0.44),而预测7个月时预测性能较差,其MSE、MAE、RMSE、SMAPE分别为1.78(0.39,29.61)、0.94(0.48,3.05)、1.33(0.63,5.44)、0.40(0.33,0.43)。
本研究从逐日发病率的角度再次证实深圳市手足口病发病率呈现夏、秋双流行高峰趋势[12],而受新冠病毒感染疫情影响的2020—2022年手足口病发病率有所下降且流行模式有所改变,与其他研究结果一致[13, 14]。
与SARIMA、指数平滑法等时间序列预测模型相比,Prophet模型更加简单和灵活且可以处理缺失值[9],在模型构建时能够考虑趋势性、周期性、特殊事件[15],对异常值、缺失值具有很好的稳健性。本研究考虑了新冠病毒感染疫情对手足口病发病率的影响[14, 16],删除2020—2022年数据后,模型性能有较大提升,提示在进行时间序列分析时需要考虑此3年数据对模型的影响。尽管本研究删除了这部分数据,但纳入了10年的手足口病周期性数据,这保证了Prophet模型具有足够拟合数据从而保证其较好的预测能力[17]。本研究构建的Prophet模型在短期(4个月)内预测时,模型具有出色的预测性能,表明模型能够很好地预测深圳市手足口病日发病趋势,但在进行长期(7个月)预测时误差相对较大。
在Prophet模型中控制假期项对模型预测性能提升有限,这一结果与刘天等人[18]结果类似,其发现控制节假日及寒暑假对提升SARIMAX模型预测精度有限(预测时间约1个月),但本研究同时发现在进行相对长期(时间跨度>4个月)预测时控制节假日项模型性能更精确、有效。
深圳作为一线大都市,流动人口多,寒假、春节多数儿童随父母返回家乡,儿童通过学校、公共场所的密切接触减少,这可能是寒假、春节对手足口病发病率影响为负向效应的原因[6, 19],但这种影响有限。而暑假对手足口病发病率的影响复杂,可能是暑假假期伊始正值旅游旺季,儿童公共场所游玩频次增加,增加了儿童感染的可能性[20],暑假中期部分儿童外出长途旅行或返回家乡,导致易感人群的减少,而假期末学校开学时间相对集中,使得手足口病流行期间集体感染成为可能。由于手足口病发病率还与气候因素[21, 22]存在关系,假期效应的具体机制很难解释,未来将气候因素加入Prophet模型以进一步进行验证研究。
多项研究表明Prophet模型在疾病预测中优于其他时间序列模型[8, 23],本研究也发现,与其他研究相比(基于SMAPE)[24],本研究模型性能表现更加优异。这不仅是因为模型本身具有优异性能,还得益于考虑了疾病非正常年份及法定节假日、寒暑假期对手足口病发病率的影响。但由于Prophet模型本身也存在一些不足,如无法提取数据中的非线性趋势,因此期待进一步提升预测精度,需深入研究与其他机器学习模型的组合从而增强模型的预测能力,如SARIMA-Prophet模型[23]、Prophet-LSTM模型[25]等。

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2025年第41卷第5期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146131
  • 接收时间:2024-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06
  • 修回日期:2024-12-15
  • 录用日期:2025-04-12
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    1深圳市龙岗区坪地公共卫生服务中心疾病预防控制科,深圳 518117
    2深圳市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,深圳 518055
    3深圳市第七期现场流行病学培训项目,深圳 518055

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