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Article(id=1321170117354963439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169992024961657, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146090, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728230400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-07, revisedDate=1736697600000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-13, acceptedDate=1739721600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-17, onlineDate=1792921102130, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921102130, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921102130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921102130, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169992024961657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='385', pageEnd='512', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921072250, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921072250, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=468, endPage=471, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170117564678640, articleId=1321170117354963439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023 and provide scientific evidence for developing JE prevention and control strategies.

Methods

JE incidence data from 2012 to 2023 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were collected through the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software.

Results

A total of 168 JE cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.030/100 000. Seven deaths occurred, resulting in a case fatality rate of 4.17%. The incidence rate decreased from 0.153/100 000 (71 cases) in 2012 to 0.006/100 000 (3 cases) in 2023. Among the cases, 107 were male (average annual incidence rate 0.036/100 000) and 61 were female (average annual incidence rate 0.022/100 000). JE cases exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, mainly concentrated between June and July each year, accounting for 77.38% of the total cases. Cases were sporadic and mainly distributed in Hechi city (37 cases, 22.02%), Yulin city (31 cases, 18.45%), Guigang city (22 cases, 13.10%), Baise city (20 cases, 11.90%), Laibin city (11 cases, 6.55%), and Hezhou city (11 cases, 6.55%), accounting for 78.57% of the total cases. The majority of cases (164, 97.62%) were among individuals aged 0–14 years. The primary occupations of the cases were students (80 cases, 47.62%), scattered children (71 cases, 42.26%), and children in nurseries (14 cases, 8.33%). Among the cases, 44 (26.19%) had a history of JE vaccination, while 124 (73.81%) had no vaccination history or unknown vaccination status.

Conclusions

Both the incidence and case fatality rates of JE in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are relatively low, indicating effective control of the disease. Children aged 0–14 years are the key target population for prevention and control. Continued efforts should be made to promote JE vaccination and strengthen health education among key populations in key areas.

, authors=Jiagui CHEN1, Qiuyun DENG1, 2, Jinfa DU1, Rencong YANG1, Shiyi CHEN1, Liang LIANG1, Ming GAN1, Lili DENG1, authorsList=Jiagui CHEN, Qiuyun DENG, Jinfa DU, Rencong YANG, Shiyi CHEN, Liang LIANG, Ming GAN, Lili DENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiuyun DENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DENG Qiuyun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170117988303345, articleId=1321170117354963439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2012—2023年广西地区流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析广西地区2012—2023年流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）的流行病学特征，为制定乙脑防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2012—2023年广西地区乙脑发病资料，采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行流行病学描述性分析。

结果

2012—2023年广西地区共报告乙脑168例，年均发病率为0.030/10万，死亡7例、病死率4.17%，发病率从2012年的0.153/10万（71例）下降至2023年的0.006/10万（3例），其中男性107例、年均报告发病率0.036/10万，女性61例、年均发病率0.022/10万。乙脑发病季节明显，主要集中在每年6—7月、占总发病数的77.38%。病例呈散发，报告病例主要分布在河池市（37例，22.02%）、玉林市（31例，18.45%）、贵港市（22例，13.10%）、百色市（20例，11.90%）、来宾市（11例，6.55%）和贺州市（11例，6.55%），共占总发病数的78.57%。病例以0～14岁人群为主（164例，97.62%）；职业分布主要为学生（80例，47.62%）、散居儿童（71例，42.26%）、幼托儿童（14例，8.33%）。病例中有免疫接种史44例（26.19%），无免疫接种史和不详共124例（73.81%）。

结论

广西乙脑发病率和病死率均较低，乙脑发病得到有效控制，0～14岁人群是防控的重点人群；建议继续做好乙脑的疫苗接种，加强重点地区重点人群的宣传教育。

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陈加贵（1987—），硕士，研究方向：传染病预防与控制

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邓秋云，E-mail：
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Addressing vaccine-preventable encephalitis in vulnerable populations[J]. 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2012—2023年广西地区流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析
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陈加贵 1 , 邓秋云 1, 2, *, * , 杜进发 1 , 杨仁聪 1 , 陈世毅 1 , 梁亮 1 , 甘明 1 , 邓丽丽 1
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(4): 468-471
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (4) : 468 -471
2012—2023年广西地区流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析
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陈加贵1, 邓秋云1, 2, *, * , 杜进发1, 杨仁聪1, 陈世毅1, 梁亮1, 甘明1, 邓丽丽1
作者信息
  • 1广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心，南宁 530028
  • 2广西病毒性肝炎防制研究重点实验室，南宁 530028
通讯作者:
邓秋云，E-mail：
作者简介:

陈加贵（1987—），硕士，研究方向：传染病预防与控制

Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023
Jiagui CHEN1, Qiuyun DENG1, 2 , Jinfa DU1, Rencong YANG1, Shiyi CHEN1, Liang LIANG1, Ming GAN1, Lili DENG1
Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
  • 2Guangxi Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    DENG Qiuyun, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146090
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摘要
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目的

分析广西地区2012—2023年流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）的流行病学特征，为制定乙脑防控策略提供科学依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2012—2023年广西地区乙脑发病资料，采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行流行病学描述性分析。

结果

2012—2023年广西地区共报告乙脑168例，年均发病率为0.030/10万，死亡7例、病死率4.17%，发病率从2012年的0.153/10万（71例）下降至2023年的0.006/10万（3例），其中男性107例、年均报告发病率0.036/10万，女性61例、年均发病率0.022/10万。乙脑发病季节明显，主要集中在每年6—7月、占总发病数的77.38%。病例呈散发，报告病例主要分布在河池市（37例，22.02%）、玉林市（31例，18.45%）、贵港市（22例，13.10%）、百色市（20例，11.90%）、来宾市（11例，6.55%）和贺州市（11例，6.55%），共占总发病数的78.57%。病例以0～14岁人群为主（164例，97.62%）；职业分布主要为学生（80例，47.62%）、散居儿童（71例，42.26%）、幼托儿童（14例，8.33%）。病例中有免疫接种史44例（26.19%），无免疫接种史和不详共124例（73.81%）。

结论

广西乙脑发病率和病死率均较低，乙脑发病得到有效控制，0～14岁人群是防控的重点人群；建议继续做好乙脑的疫苗接种，加强重点地区重点人群的宣传教育。

流行性乙型脑炎  /  流行病学特征  /  疫苗接种  /  广西壮族自治区
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023 and provide scientific evidence for developing JE prevention and control strategies.

Methods

JE incidence data from 2012 to 2023 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were collected through the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software.

Results

A total of 168 JE cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.030/100 000. Seven deaths occurred, resulting in a case fatality rate of 4.17%. The incidence rate decreased from 0.153/100 000 (71 cases) in 2012 to 0.006/100 000 (3 cases) in 2023. Among the cases, 107 were male (average annual incidence rate 0.036/100 000) and 61 were female (average annual incidence rate 0.022/100 000). JE cases exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, mainly concentrated between June and July each year, accounting for 77.38% of the total cases. Cases were sporadic and mainly distributed in Hechi city (37 cases, 22.02%), Yulin city (31 cases, 18.45%), Guigang city (22 cases, 13.10%), Baise city (20 cases, 11.90%), Laibin city (11 cases, 6.55%), and Hezhou city (11 cases, 6.55%), accounting for 78.57% of the total cases. The majority of cases (164, 97.62%) were among individuals aged 0–14 years. The primary occupations of the cases were students (80 cases, 47.62%), scattered children (71 cases, 42.26%), and children in nurseries (14 cases, 8.33%). Among the cases, 44 (26.19%) had a history of JE vaccination, while 124 (73.81%) had no vaccination history or unknown vaccination status.

Conclusions

Both the incidence and case fatality rates of JE in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are relatively low, indicating effective control of the disease. Children aged 0–14 years are the key target population for prevention and control. Continued efforts should be made to promote JE vaccination and strengthen health education among key populations in key areas.

Japanese encephalitis  /  epidemiological characteristics  /  vaccination  /  Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
陈加贵, 邓秋云, 杜进发, 杨仁聪, 陈世毅, 梁亮, 甘明, 邓丽丽. 2012—2023年广西地区流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (4) : 468 -471 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146090
Jiagui CHEN, Qiuyun DENG, Jinfa DU, Rencong YANG, Shiyi CHEN, Liang LIANG, Ming GAN, Lili DENG. Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (4) : 468 -471 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146090
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流行性乙型脑炎（简称“乙脑”）是一种由乙脑病毒引起的人畜共患自然疫源性疾病，以蚊虫为传播媒介、主要指携带乙脑病毒的三带喙库蚊[1–2]，引起一种脑实质炎症为主要病变的中枢神经系统急性传染病[3–4]。人对乙脑病毒普遍易感，在夏秋季流行，患者起病急，以高热、惊厥、昏迷等中枢神经系统症状为主，后遗症严重，病死率可达20%～30%[5]，是亚洲最常见的流行性脑炎。乙脑于1871年在日本首次发现后，逐渐传播至东亚的韩国、中国、东南亚的菲律宾、印尼、泰国、越南，再到南亚的印度、斯里兰卡，还传播至太平洋的巴布亚新几内亚和澳大利亚北部[6]，是严重威胁儿童健康的公共卫生问题，可产生极大的疾病负担[7]。随着乙脑疫苗的接种和全面纳入免疫规划后，广西地区乙脑发病率大幅度下降，虽然乙脑防控取得了一定成效，但因乙脑病例常伴随严重后遗症的特点，乙脑防控仍不可忽视，近年来人群发病有成年化趋势，有待进一步研究。为了解广西地区乙脑的发病规律和流行特征，为乙脑的防控提供依据，本研究对2012—2023年广西地区乙脑的监测数据进行流行病学分析，结果报告如下。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　数据来源
病例资料来自中国疾病预防控制信息系统，收集发病日期为2012年1月1日—2023年12月31日并已终审的现住址为广西地区的乙脑病例，包括不同年龄、性别、职业患者的发病数据；乙脑突发公共卫生事件信息来源于中国疾病预防控制系统的突发公共卫生事件报告信息系统；人口学资料来源于广西壮族自治区统计年鉴；疫苗接种数据来源于广西壮族自治区免疫规划信息管理系统，按照接种门诊的在册和临时接种条件查询数据。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　病例纳入标准
按照《全国流行性乙型脑炎监测方案》[8]开展个案调查和报告乙脑病例，监测病例分类为疑似病例、临床诊断病例和实验室诊断病例，依据《流行性乙型脑炎诊断标准： WS214—2008》[9]诊断乙脑病例，本研究乙脑病例包括临床诊断病例和实验室诊断病例。
1.2.2　统计分析
采用Excel 2010软件建立数据库，以[n(%)]描述计数资料，对2012—2023年广西乙脑数据的时间、地区、年龄、性别和职业等信息进行描述性流行病学分析。使用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析，采用χ2检验进行比较和趋势分析，以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结　果
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2.1　发病概况（表1）
2012—2023年广西地区共报告乙脑168例，年均发病率为0.030/10万，各年报告发病率0.006/10万～0.153/10万，其中死亡7例，死亡率0.001/10万、病死率4.17%，病例呈散发。其中2012年报告乙脑71例（42.26%），发病率为0.153/10万；从2013年开始，报告乙脑病例数明显下降，2013—2015年发病率在0.032/10万～0.045/10万；从2016年起乙脑年发病例数每年均少于10例，2021—2023年乙脑发病降低至年均发病率0.006/10万。
2.2　时间分布
2012—2023年广西地区乙脑发病时间段为每年的5—12月，其中发病高峰为6—7月，共累计报告乙脑病例为130例（77.38%），占当年报告乙脑病例的比例为33.33%～100.00%；每年1—4月均无乙脑报告，其他月份乙脑病例报告数分别为：5月11例（6.55%）、8月8例（4.76%）、9月4例（2.38%）、10月13例（7.74%）、11月1例（9.09%）、12月1例（9.09%）。
2.3　地区分布
广西壮族自治区14个市均有病例报告，主要分布在内陆地区，沿海地区病例较少（钦州市7例、北海市3例、防城港2例）。累计报告病例数居前6位的分别是河池市（37例，22.02%）、玉林市（31例，18.45%）、贵港市（22例，13.10%）、百色市（20例，11.90%）、来宾市（11例，6.55%）和贺州市（11例，6.55%），年均报告发病率前6位分别是防城港市（0.112/10万）、河池市（0.108/10万）、来宾市（0.103/10万）、北海市（0.094/10万）、百色市（0.093/10万）、贺州市（0.091/10万）；报告病例分布于全区58个县（市、区），累计报告病例数居前5位的县（市、区）分别是北流市（16例）、桂平市（14例）、天峨县（12例）、兴宾区（9例）、平南县（7例）。
2.4　人群分布
2.4.1　性别分布
男性107例（63.69%）、平均发病率为0.036/10万，女性61例（36.31%）、平均发病率为0.022/10万，男女性别1.75 : 1。7例死亡病例中男性4例、女性3例，男性与女性病死率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.000，P=1.00）。
2.4.2　年龄分布
发病年龄最小为3月龄，最大44岁，以0～14岁人群为主发病共164例（97.62%），15～<30岁3例（1.79%），≥30岁1例（0.60%），其中0～<5岁发病率最高（0.383/10万、55例），其次5～<10岁（0.363/10万、72例），10～<15岁（0.099/10万、37例），以每3年的乙脑合计发病按照年龄组统计，5～<10岁组发病数构成呈下降趋势（趋势χ2=5.724，P=0.02），≥10岁组发病数构成呈上升趋势（趋势χ2=29.489，P=0.00）。
2.4.3　职业分布
报告的168例乙脑病例中，以学生（80例，47.62%）、散居儿童（71例，42.26%）、幼托儿童（14例，8.33%）为主，其他职业（3例，1.79%）。2012—2023年广西乙脑病例职业分布主要为学生（30.99%～87.50%）、散居儿童（0～59.15%）和幼托儿童（0～14.28%），其中2012年报告学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童病例最多，分别为22例（30.99%）、42例（59.15%）和7例（9.86%）。
2.5　接种率调查
2.5.1　病例免疫接种史
调查所有病例的乙脑疫苗免疫接种史，其中有乙脑疫苗接种史44例（26.19%）、无乙脑疫苗接种史26例（15.48%），乙脑疫苗接种史不详98例（58.33%）。未到8月龄接种乙脑疫苗而发病的婴幼儿情况，26例无乙脑疫苗接种史病例中有20例发病时间在2012—2017年（≤8月龄1例，10月龄～10岁19例），有6例发病时间在2018—2023年（≤8月龄4例、4～11岁2例）。根据最后一次接种时间与发病时间间隔统计，12例1剂次免疫史的病例平均接种（2.64±2.98）年后发病，31例2剂次免疫史的病例平均接种（4.14±2.77）年后发病，1例3剂次免疫史的病例接种4.92年后发病。
2.5.2　适龄儿童接种率
对出生日期为2009年1月1日—2021年12月31日的3岁出生队列儿童统计乙脑疫苗第1剂次和第2剂次的接种情况，查询时间段2012—2024年第1剂次乙脑疫苗接种率92.96%～99.64%，平均接种率97.47%，第2剂次乙脑疫苗接种率81.53%～98.33%，平均接种率91.87%，其中2020—2024年第1剂和第2剂乙脑疫苗接种率均达到96.00%以上。
3　讨　论
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乙脑是东南亚和西太平洋地区一种常见的中枢神经系统急性传染病，是我国和西太平洋地区主要的公共卫生问题之一，每年导致大量人群感染和死亡[10]，因此，乙脑防控至关重要。20世纪90年代，广西地区乙脑年均发病率为1.31/10万；1990—2007年广西共报告7 839例乙脑病例，死亡600例，年均病死率7.65%[11]。王淼等[12]在国内部分地区开展的免疫规划疫苗可预防疾病经济负担和生命质量调查表明，乙脑人均总经济负担为36 717.02元/例，在7种被调查的疾病中，与流脑同属于经济负担较重且在发病期生命质量较差的疾病。2007年国家将乙脑疫苗纳入免疫规划[2]，随着乙脑疫苗接种率的不断提高，乙脑病例不断减少[13]，2008—2023年广西地区共报告504例乙脑病例，死亡21例，年均发病率为 0.07/10万，年均死亡率0.003/10万，年均病死率2.63%，发病率由2008年的0.26/10万，下降至2023年的0.006/10万，呈低发和散发状态，乙脑防控效果显著。
广西壮族自治区位于中国华南地区西部，整个地势为四周多山地与高原，而中部与南部多为平地，总体为山地丘陵性盆地地貌。广西地区累计报告乙脑病例较多的地区为河池市、玉林市、贵港市、百色市，地区分布表明，发病县区分别位于广西西北部[14]、东南部、中东部和西部，恰好分布在广西境域的周边，这些地区多山地丘陵，地理位置和气候条件适合三带喙库蚊生长；一方面交通不便，乙脑防控工作难度较大；另一方面居民住家周围有稻田、水洼、猪圈、鸭圈等环境易于蚊虫孳生，甚至部分农村个别住宅仍保留楼下牲畜喂养、楼上居住生活的传统模式，致使人处于蚊虫的高密度环境中，极大可能会被携带乙脑病毒的蚊虫叮咬。随着人们生活环境改善及消灭蚊虫等综合措施，极大减少了乙脑传播。然而，新的现代化农业可为蚊虫提供不再受季节和气候影响更长期的生存环境，有利于乙脑的当地循环及近距离传播[15]；沿海城市港口频繁贸易，可为乙脑病毒空间传播和迁徙创造条件；旅游业的发展可导致输入性乙脑病例增加，给乙脑防控工作提出了更大的挑战。提示在加强爱国运动的同时，应加强防蚊灭蚊工作、消灭蚊虫孳生地，坚持乙脑高发地区病例监测，以降低乙脑病毒传播风险。
广西地区乙脑发病呈现明显的季节性特征，高峰期在6—7月，早于北方地区，可能与广西属于亚热带季风气候区，大部地区气候温暖，为蚊虫的滋生提供了良好的环境有关。4—9月为广西雨季，容易发生洪涝灾害，灾后蚊虫媒介大量滋生可能也是导致乙脑病例增加的原因之一。广西乙脑病例分布在5—12月，与江苏省流行期5—10月的研究结果相似[16]，提示夏秋冬是预防乙脑的季节，雨季来临应采取清除住户附近污水、洼水、罐水，驱蚊灭蚊等方式防止蚊虫叮咬。2012—2023年广西地区乙脑发病年龄构成呈现出向大年龄方向推移，与国内河南省、甘肃省、河北省乙脑的变化趋势一致[17–19]。自2016年，广西地区10岁以上的乙脑病例构成逐渐上升，并有成人乙脑出现，可能与小年龄组儿童随着乙脑疫苗的接种得到疫苗保护、发病率逐渐降低，同时成人未接种过乙脑疫苗，未经过自然免疫，致使大年龄组的发病比例呈上升趋势有关，与国外成人乙脑高发情况一致[20–22]。提示应继续保持乙脑疫苗的高接种率，查漏补种，关注成人乙脑的发病风险。广西地区男性乙脑发病率高于女性，与四川省的乙脑病例研究一致[23]，这种差异可能与男性活动性较大、暴露风险较高有关；随着经济的发展，男女在职业、社会活动等方面的差别越来越小。有研究表明，乙脑流行区或既往有乙脑疫苗免疫史是乙脑中和抗体阳转率的影响因素[24]，所以，可在乙脑流行区通过接种乙脑疫苗提高乙脑免疫水平。同时应加强乙脑防护知识宣传，提高公众自我保护和免疫服务意识。2012—2023年广西报告的乙脑病例中，学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童占总报告的98.21%。根据免疫接种史调查发现，仅接种1剂次乙脑减毒活疫苗的乙脑病例平均接种2.64年后发病，接种2剂次乙脑减毒活疫苗乙脑病例平均经过4.14年后发病。张学潮等[25]在杭州市健康人群乙脑IgG抗体水平研究中发现，儿童乙脑抗体水平较高而青少年和成人偏低，抗体水平随乙脑疫苗免疫后时间推移呈下降趋势。广西地区报告成人乙脑占比为1.79%，职业分布为农民、工人、家务及待业，该部分人群发病与未接种过乙脑疫苗有关，从事家畜饲养的工作较多，人群易感[26]。提示不但需加强健康教育人群防病意识、进一步提高卫生条件，还应针对高危人群提出针对性免疫策略，以降低乙脑发病。
综上所述，2012—2023年广西乙脑发病率呈现下降趋势，乙脑防控效果显著。0～14岁人群仍是重点防控的发病人群，成年人发病不可忽视。在乙脑流行高峰期前加强防蚊、灭蚊工作，加大乙脑疫苗预防接种宣传，做好适龄儿童查漏补种工作，维持疫苗高接种率和巩固人群免疫屏障，加强风险地区监测和病例及时救治，持续完善和强化乙脑综合防控体系，降低乙脑发病率。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146090
  • 接收时间：2024-10-07
  • 首发时间：2026-10-25
  • 出版时间：2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-07
  • 修回日期：2025-01-13
  • 录用日期：2025-02-17
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    1广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心，南宁 530028
    2广西病毒性肝炎防制研究重点实验室，南宁 530028

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邓秋云，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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