Article(id=1321169947217215556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169924697993338, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146065, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727625600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-30, revisedDate=1733760000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-10, acceptedDate=1741708800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-12, onlineDate=1792921061567, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921061567, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921061567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921061567, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169924697993338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='5', pageStart='513', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921056198, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921056198, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=513, endPage=519, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169947468873798, articleId=1321169947217215556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Survey on the awareness, use of and attitude of trying heated tobacco products in middle school and college students in Guangzhou city: a cross-sectional survey, columnId=1321169947393376325, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report – Resist the Temptation: Say No to the First Cigarette, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the awareness, use, and attitudes toward heated tobacco products (HTPs) among middle and college students in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province.

Methods

From January to March 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a self-administered questionnaire survey among 10 069 middle and college students in Guangzhou city. The survey collected information on demographics, smoking status, smoking severity index, HTP awareness, ever-use, current use, attitudes toward trying HTPs, and reasons for trying HTPs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, and association rule mining.

Results

A total of 8 377 valid questionnaires were collected. The current smoking rate among the surveyed students was 4.64%. Regarding HTP awareness, 27.40% had "heard of" HTPs and 21.11% had "seen" them. Current smokers (38.30% "heard of", 37.53% "seen") and college students (32.26% "heard of", 24.14% "seen") had higher HTP awareness (P <0.05). The ever-use rate of HTPs was 0.13%, and the current use rate was 0.08%. Among current smokers, males with severe tobacco dependence and smoking family members or friends (5.77%) and college students with below-average economic status (8.57%) had a higher probability of current HTP use than the overall rate (1.80%). Regarding attitudes toward trying HTPs, 3.41% were "very interested" and 4.72% were "somewhat interested." The most common reasons for trying HTPs were "less harmful to health" (24.67%), "simply like it, no particular reason" (24.23%), "curiosity" (13.36%), and "can reduce smoking" (10.28%). College students (4.72% "very interested", 8.32% "somewhat interested") and current smokers (11.57% "very interested", 18.51% "somewhat interested") showed greater interest in trying HTPs (all P <0.05). Never-smokers with above-average economic status and smoking family members or friends (21.37%) and current smokers with severe tobacco dependence (25.86%) had a higher probability of being interested in trying HTPs than the overall population.

Conclusions

The extremely low HTP use rate among middle and college students in Guangzhou city reflects the effectiveness of tobacco control efforts in China, but challenges remain. Continued efforts are needed to prohibit the sale and promotion of HTPs and to further strengthen tobacco control efforts for students, especially specific subgroups, through school policies, teacher and school doctor training, and student-targeted interventions.

, authors=Kun XIAO1, 2, Cuiling ZHANG3, Cuichan ZHONG1, Yueling JIN1, Lanfang LIANG1, Yongqi WANG1, Zhenyu LIANG4, Pusheng XU2, authorsList=Kun XIAO, Cuiling ZHANG, Cuichan ZHONG, Yueling JIN, Lanfang LIANG, Yongqi WANG, Zhenyu LIANG, Pusheng XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pusheng XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
XU Pusheng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169947888304199, articleId=1321169947217215556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=广州市中学生和大学生对加热型烟草制品知晓、使用及尝试态度调查, columnId=1321169925570408573, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——拒绝烟草诱惑,对第一支烟说不, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解广东省广州市中学生及大学生对加热型烟草制品(HTP)的知晓率、使用率和尝试态度。

方法

于2024年1—3月,采取分层整群随机抽样法,对广州市10 069名中学生和大学生进行自填问卷调查,收集一般资料、吸烟状况、吸烟严重度指数、HTP知晓情况、曾经使用情况、当前使用情况、尝试使用HTP态度、尝试使用HTP原因等信息,并对资料进行计量、对比和关联规则分析。

结果

共获取有效问卷8 377份。受访学生现在吸烟率为4.64%。HTP知晓情况方面,“听说过”和“见到过”的比例分别为27.40%和21.11%,现在吸烟者(“听说过”为38.30%,“见到过”为37.53%)、大学生(“听说过”为32.26%,“见到过”为24.14%)对HTP的知晓率更高(P<0.05)。使用情况方面,HTP曾经使用率为0.13%,当前使用率为0.08%。现在吸烟者中,重度烟草依赖且家人亲朋中有吸烟者的男性(5.77%)、经济状况低于平均水平的大学生(8.57%)当前使用HTP的概率高于整体(1.80%)。在尝试态度方面,“非常感兴趣”和“有点感兴趣”的比例分别为3.41%和4.72%,“对健康的危害比较小”“单纯喜欢,没有什么原因”“好奇”和“可以减少吸烟量”是尝试使用HTP最常见的主要原因,分别占24.67%、24.23%、13.36%和10.28%。对尝试HTP非常感兴趣和有点感兴趣的大学生(4.72%、8.32%)、现在吸烟者(11.57%、18.51%)比例更大(均P<0.05)。经济状况高于平均水平且家人亲朋有吸烟者的从不吸烟者(21.37%)、重度烟草依赖的现在吸烟者(25.86%)对尝试使用HTP感兴趣的概率高于整体。

结论

广州市中学生及大学生HTP使用率极低,反映我国控烟工作取得成效,但挑战仍然存在。需要继续禁止HTP的销售和传播,并分别从学校政策、教师和校医、学生层面进一步开展对学生群体,尤其是其中特殊群体的控烟工作。

, authors=萧鲲1, 2, 张翠玲3, 钟翠婵1, 金跃玲1, 梁兰芳1, 王泳琪1, 梁振宇4, 许浦生2, *, *, authorsList=萧鲲, 张翠玲, 钟翠婵, 金跃玲, 梁兰芳, 王泳琪, 梁振宇, 许浦生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=许浦生, authorNote=

萧鲲(1984—),主任医师,硕士,研究方向:烟草病学、精神病共患躯体疾病

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许浦生,E-mail:
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Prev Chronic Dis, 2019, 13: 16: E74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321169959531692209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cruz-Jiménez L, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Coutiño-Escamilla L, et al. Adult smokers' awareness and interest in trying heated tobacco products: perspectives from Mexico, where HTPs and E-cigarettes are banned[J]. 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Innovative care for chronic conditions: building blocks for action[J]. 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Distribution of general characteristics of the survey participants in gender, attending school, smokers among relatives and family members, financial situation, permanent residence, smoking status, smokers HSI score, tobacco products currently in use

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项目分类人数构成比/%
性别男性490458.54
女性347341.46
就读学校中学553966.12
大学2 83833.88
亲朋家人中吸烟者有682681.49
无99411.87
不确定5576.65
经济状况高于平均水平2032.42
平均水平3 28839.25
低于平均水平1 83621.92
不确定3 05036.41
常住地城市市区2 79633.38
城市郊区1 03312.33
县/镇2 52730.17
乡村2 02124.13
吸烟状况从不吸烟者742488.62
现在吸烟者3894.64
已戒烟者5646.73
吸烟者HSI得分≥4分5814.91
<4分33185.09
当前使用的烟草制品CC35290.49
ENDS112.83
HTP51.29
CC+ENDS194.88
CC+HTP10.26
CC+ENDS+HTP10.26
), ArticleFig(id=1321169954876014732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象一般情况分布构成

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项目分类人数构成比/%
性别男性490458.54
女性347341.46
就读学校中学553966.12
大学2 83833.88
亲朋家人中吸烟者有682681.49
无99411.87
不确定5576.65
经济状况高于平均水平2032.42
平均水平3 28839.25
低于平均水平1 83621.92
不确定3 05036.41
常住地城市市区2 79633.38
城市郊区1 03312.33
县/镇2 52730.17
乡村2 02124.13
吸烟状况从不吸烟者742488.62
现在吸烟者3894.64
已戒烟者5646.73
吸烟者HSI得分≥4分5814.91
<4分33185.09
当前使用的烟草制品CC35290.49
ENDS112.83
HTP51.29
CC+ENDS194.88
CC+HTP10.26
CC+ENDS+HTP10.26
), ArticleFig(id=1321169954955706509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of HTP awareness among students with different smoking statuses and school stages

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吸烟状况及学段调查人数听说过HTP见到过HTP
人数知晓率/%人数知晓率/%
从不吸烟者7424198926.79 a1 47119.81 a
现在吸烟者38914938.3014637.53
已戒烟者56415727.84 a15126.77 a
中学生组55391 35124.391 08319.55
大学生组2 83894432.26 b68524.14 b
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不同吸烟状况及学段学生HTP知晓情况比较

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吸烟状况及学段调查人数听说过HTP见到过HTP
人数知晓率/%人数知晓率/%
从不吸烟者7424198926.79 a1 47119.81 a
现在吸烟者38914938.3014637.53
已戒烟者56415727.84 a15126.77 a
中学生组55391 35124.391 08319.55
大学生组2 83894432.26 b68524.14 b
), ArticleFig(id=1321169955106701455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of HTP use among students with different smoking statuses and in different school stages in Guangzhou city

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吸烟状况及学段调查人数曾经使用过当前使用
人数占比/%人数占比/%
从不吸烟者742400.0000.00
现在吸烟者389112.8371.80
已戒烟者56400.0000.00
中学生组553930.0530.05
大学生组2 83880.28 a40.14
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广州市不同吸烟状况及不同学段学生HTP使用情况比较

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吸烟状况及学段调查人数曾经使用过当前使用
人数占比/%人数占比/%
从不吸烟者742400.0000.00
现在吸烟者389112.8371.80
已戒烟者56400.0000.00
中学生组553930.0530.05
大学生组2 83880.28 a40.14
), ArticleFig(id=1321169955270279313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Association rule analysis of characteristics of people currently using and previously using HTP

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规则后项前项实例支持度/%置信度/%提升
1当前使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.641.8021.54
2当前使用HTP现在吸烟者;重度烟草依赖;家人亲朋中有吸烟者;男性520.625.7769.04
3当前使用HTP现在吸烟者;经济状况低于平均水平;大学生350.428.57102.58
4曾经使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.642.8321.54
5曾经使用HTP现在吸烟者;女性;大学生300.3610.0076.16
6曾经使用HTP曾经使用电子烟;曾经使用燃烧卷烟;见到过HTP;中学生290.3510.3578.78
), ArticleFig(id=1321169955370942610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

当前使用和曾经使用HTP的人群特征关联规则分析

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规则后项前项实例支持度/%置信度/%提升
1当前使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.641.8021.54
2当前使用HTP现在吸烟者;重度烟草依赖;家人亲朋中有吸烟者;男性520.625.7769.04
3当前使用HTP现在吸烟者;经济状况低于平均水平;大学生350.428.57102.58
4曾经使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.642.8321.54
5曾经使用HTP现在吸烟者;女性;大学生300.3610.0076.16
6曾经使用HTP曾经使用电子烟;曾经使用燃烧卷烟;见到过HTP;中学生290.3510.3578.78
), ArticleFig(id=1321169955446440083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of HTP trying attitudes among students with different smoking statuses in different schools in Guangzhou city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸烟状况及学段调查人数非常感兴趣有点感兴趣不确定不感兴趣肯定不会尝试
选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%
从不吸烟者74242253.032783.756268.432 68336.14361248.65
现在吸烟者3894511.57 ab7218.51 ab4812.3415439.597017.99
已戒烟者564162.83457.988515.0724643.6217230.50
中学生组55391522.741592.8757110.312 16639.102 49144.97
大学生组2 8381344.72 c2368.32 c1886.62 c91732.31 c1 36348.03 c
), ArticleFig(id=1321169955517743252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

广州市不同吸烟状况、不同就读学校的学生HTP尝试态度比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸烟状况及学段调查人数非常感兴趣有点感兴趣不确定不感兴趣肯定不会尝试
选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%选择人数选择率/%
从不吸烟者74242253.032783.756268.432 68336.14361248.65
现在吸烟者3894511.57 ab7218.51 ab4812.3415439.597017.99
已戒烟者564162.83457.988515.0724643.6217230.50
中学生组55391522.741592.8757110.312 16639.102 49144.97
大学生组2 8381344.72 c2368.32 c1886.62 c91732.31 c1 36348.03 c
), ArticleFig(id=1321169955589046421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Association rule analysis of characteristics of people interested in trying HTP

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规则后项前项实例支持度/%置信度/%提升
1有点兴趣尝试使用HTP从不吸烟者7 42488.623.750.79
2有点兴趣尝试使用HTP家人亲朋有吸烟者;大学生;从不吸烟2 15125.687.301.55
3有点兴趣尝试使用HTP家人亲朋有吸烟者;经济状况为平均水平;大学生;从不吸烟者6858.1810.072.14
4非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP从不吸烟者7 42488.623.030.89
5非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP经济状况高于平均水平;家人亲朋有吸烟者;从不吸烟者1171.4021.376.26
6有点兴趣尝试使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.6418.513.93
7有点兴趣尝试使用HTP当前使用燃烧卷烟;家人亲朋有吸烟者;大学生;现在吸烟者1141.3628.956.14
8有点兴趣尝试使用HTP曾经使用电子烟;听说过HTP;现在吸烟者630.7528.576.06
9非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.6411.573.39
10非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP重度烟草依赖;现在吸烟者580.6925.867.58
), ArticleFig(id=1321169955664543894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169947217215556, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

对尝试使用HTP感兴趣的人群特征关联规则分析

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规则后项前项实例支持度/%置信度/%提升
1有点兴趣尝试使用HTP从不吸烟者7 42488.623.750.79
2有点兴趣尝试使用HTP家人亲朋有吸烟者;大学生;从不吸烟2 15125.687.301.55
3有点兴趣尝试使用HTP家人亲朋有吸烟者;经济状况为平均水平;大学生;从不吸烟者6858.1810.072.14
4非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP从不吸烟者7 42488.623.030.89
5非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP经济状况高于平均水平;家人亲朋有吸烟者;从不吸烟者1171.4021.376.26
6有点兴趣尝试使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.6418.513.93
7有点兴趣尝试使用HTP当前使用燃烧卷烟;家人亲朋有吸烟者;大学生;现在吸烟者1141.3628.956.14
8有点兴趣尝试使用HTP曾经使用电子烟;听说过HTP;现在吸烟者630.7528.576.06
9非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP现在吸烟者3894.6411.573.39
10非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP重度烟草依赖;现在吸烟者580.6925.867.58
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广州市中学生和大学生对加热型烟草制品知晓、使用及尝试态度调查
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萧鲲 1, 2 , 张翠玲 3 , 钟翠婵 1 , 金跃玲 1 , 梁兰芳 1 , 王泳琪 1 , 梁振宇 4 , 许浦生 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——拒绝烟草诱惑,对第一支烟说不 2025,41(5): 513-519
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——拒绝烟草诱惑,对第一支烟说不 2025 , 41 (5) : 513 -519
广州市中学生和大学生对加热型烟草制品知晓、使用及尝试态度调查
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萧鲲1, 2, 张翠玲3, 钟翠婵1, 金跃玲1, 梁兰芳1, 王泳琪1, 梁振宇4, 许浦生2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1广州市白云区第二人民医院 广州市第一人民医院白云医院,广州 510450
  • 2广东省健康管理学会基层医疗及健康教育专业委员会,广州 510080
  • 3广州医科大学附属脑科医院,广州 510380
  • 4广州医科大学附属第一医院 广州呼吸健康研究院 国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心 国家呼吸医学中心,广州 510120
通讯作者:
许浦生,E-mail:
作者简介:

萧鲲(1984—),主任医师,硕士,研究方向:烟草病学、精神病共患躯体疾病

Survey on the awareness, use of and attitude of trying heated tobacco products in middle school and college students in Guangzhou city: a cross-sectional survey
Kun XIAO1, 2, Cuiling ZHANG3, Cuichan ZHONG1, Yueling JIN1, Lanfang LIANG1, Yongqi WANG1, Zhenyu LIANG4, Pusheng XU2
Affiliations
  • 1The Second Hospital of Baiyun District, The Baiyun Hospital of Guangzhou First People′s Hospital, Guangzhou 510450, China
  • 2Primary Healthcare and Health Education Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Health Management Association, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • 3The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510380, China
  • 4First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    XU Pusheng, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146065
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目的

了解广东省广州市中学生及大学生对加热型烟草制品(HTP)的知晓率、使用率和尝试态度。

方法

于2024年1—3月,采取分层整群随机抽样法,对广州市10 069名中学生和大学生进行自填问卷调查,收集一般资料、吸烟状况、吸烟严重度指数、HTP知晓情况、曾经使用情况、当前使用情况、尝试使用HTP态度、尝试使用HTP原因等信息,并对资料进行计量、对比和关联规则分析。

结果

共获取有效问卷8 377份。受访学生现在吸烟率为4.64%。HTP知晓情况方面,“听说过”和“见到过”的比例分别为27.40%和21.11%,现在吸烟者(“听说过”为38.30%,“见到过”为37.53%)、大学生(“听说过”为32.26%,“见到过”为24.14%)对HTP的知晓率更高(P<0.05)。使用情况方面,HTP曾经使用率为0.13%,当前使用率为0.08%。现在吸烟者中,重度烟草依赖且家人亲朋中有吸烟者的男性(5.77%)、经济状况低于平均水平的大学生(8.57%)当前使用HTP的概率高于整体(1.80%)。在尝试态度方面,“非常感兴趣”和“有点感兴趣”的比例分别为3.41%和4.72%,“对健康的危害比较小”“单纯喜欢,没有什么原因”“好奇”和“可以减少吸烟量”是尝试使用HTP最常见的主要原因,分别占24.67%、24.23%、13.36%和10.28%。对尝试HTP非常感兴趣和有点感兴趣的大学生(4.72%、8.32%)、现在吸烟者(11.57%、18.51%)比例更大(均P<0.05)。经济状况高于平均水平且家人亲朋有吸烟者的从不吸烟者(21.37%)、重度烟草依赖的现在吸烟者(25.86%)对尝试使用HTP感兴趣的概率高于整体。

结论

广州市中学生及大学生HTP使用率极低,反映我国控烟工作取得成效,但挑战仍然存在。需要继续禁止HTP的销售和传播,并分别从学校政策、教师和校医、学生层面进一步开展对学生群体,尤其是其中特殊群体的控烟工作。

学生  /  加热型烟草制品  /  知晓率  /  使用率  /  态度  /  广州市
Objective

To investigate the awareness, use, and attitudes toward heated tobacco products (HTPs) among middle and college students in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province.

Methods

From January to March 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a self-administered questionnaire survey among 10 069 middle and college students in Guangzhou city. The survey collected information on demographics, smoking status, smoking severity index, HTP awareness, ever-use, current use, attitudes toward trying HTPs, and reasons for trying HTPs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, and association rule mining.

Results

A total of 8 377 valid questionnaires were collected. The current smoking rate among the surveyed students was 4.64%. Regarding HTP awareness, 27.40% had "heard of" HTPs and 21.11% had "seen" them. Current smokers (38.30% "heard of", 37.53% "seen") and college students (32.26% "heard of", 24.14% "seen") had higher HTP awareness (P <0.05). The ever-use rate of HTPs was 0.13%, and the current use rate was 0.08%. Among current smokers, males with severe tobacco dependence and smoking family members or friends (5.77%) and college students with below-average economic status (8.57%) had a higher probability of current HTP use than the overall rate (1.80%). Regarding attitudes toward trying HTPs, 3.41% were "very interested" and 4.72% were "somewhat interested." The most common reasons for trying HTPs were "less harmful to health" (24.67%), "simply like it, no particular reason" (24.23%), "curiosity" (13.36%), and "can reduce smoking" (10.28%). College students (4.72% "very interested", 8.32% "somewhat interested") and current smokers (11.57% "very interested", 18.51% "somewhat interested") showed greater interest in trying HTPs (all P <0.05). Never-smokers with above-average economic status and smoking family members or friends (21.37%) and current smokers with severe tobacco dependence (25.86%) had a higher probability of being interested in trying HTPs than the overall population.

Conclusions

The extremely low HTP use rate among middle and college students in Guangzhou city reflects the effectiveness of tobacco control efforts in China, but challenges remain. Continued efforts are needed to prohibit the sale and promotion of HTPs and to further strengthen tobacco control efforts for students, especially specific subgroups, through school policies, teacher and school doctor training, and student-targeted interventions.

students  /  heated tobacco products (HTP)  /  awareness  /  use  /  attitudes  /  Guangzhou city
萧鲲, 张翠玲, 钟翠婵, 金跃玲, 梁兰芳, 王泳琪, 梁振宇, 许浦生. 广州市中学生和大学生对加热型烟草制品知晓、使用及尝试态度调查. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (5) : 513 -519 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146065
Kun XIAO, Cuiling ZHANG, Cuichan ZHONG, Yueling JIN, Lanfang LIANG, Yongqi WANG, Zhenyu LIANG, Pusheng XU. Survey on the awareness, use of and attitude of trying heated tobacco products in middle school and college students in Guangzhou city: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (5) : 513 -519 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146065
加热型烟草制品(heated tobacco products, HTP)是一种新型烟草制品,是指通过电子热源加热烟草以产生含有尼古丁的气溶胶供吸烟者吸入的设备。目前研究发现,HTP并未比燃烧卷烟更安全,且不利于促使吸烟者戒烟,并可能通过门户效应产生新的吸烟者,从而阻碍吸烟率的下降。在控烟政策对燃烧卷烟(combustible cigarette, CC)及我国俗称电子烟的“电子尼古丁传输系统”(Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, ENDS)管控力度越来越大的背景下,即使是在未正式上市和合法销售的地区,HTP仍可能迅速流行[1]。为此,本研究于2024年1月1日—3月31日,采用分层随机整群抽样法在广东省广州市抽取10 069名中学生及大学生对HTP的知晓率、曾经使用率、当前使用率、尝试态度等进行问卷调查,了解并分析HTP在该群体中的流行状况,为控烟政策的实施和控烟目标的实现提供参考。
采取分层整群随机抽样法,于2024年1月1日—3月31日,在广州市的11个行政区随机各抽取1所中学,在番禺区大学城、白云区高校群、老城区(越秀区和海珠区)高校中各抽取1所本科和专科学校,再从每所学校每个年级中随机抽取1~2个班的学生作为调查对象进行问卷调查。本次应调查10 069人,实际调查8 502人,应答率为84.43%,剔除不合理问卷125份,共纳入8 377份有效问卷进行分析。本研究经广州市第一人民医院白云医院伦理委员会批准(批件号:k-2022-11-06),所有调查对象均签署知情同意书并根据意愿选择是否进行问卷调查。
基于前期研究基础、国际研究进展、专家意见和《中国临床戒烟指南(2015年版)》[2]、《世界卫生组织(WHO)关于吸烟情况调查方法标准化的建议》[3]、《世界卫生组织关于吸烟行为调查的基本原则》[4]等自行设计调查问卷,内容包括一般资料(性别、年龄、就读学校、亲朋家人中吸烟者、经济状况自我评价、常住地)、吸烟状况、吸烟严重度指数(heaviness of smoking index,HSI)[5]、HTP知晓情况、曾经使用情况、当前使用情况、尝试使用HTP态度、尝试使用HTP原因等,其中HTP知晓率的调查以图文形式询问,所有受访对象都看到“IQOS”(全球最畅销HTP品牌)和“ZERO零加”(最畅销的国产HTP品牌)的HTP图像示例,以及以下描述:“加热不燃烧烟草产品是一种新型烟草制品,包括烟杆和烟弹(如图),它的使用方法是加热烟草,而不像传统卷烟那样需要燃烧,所以不易产生烟雾和烟灰。一些品牌是IQOS、lil、ibuddy、ZERO零加、功夫等”,然后询问受访对象在本次调查之前是否见过或听说过任何HTP。调查问卷进行信度及效度检验,要求:(1)信度检验,要求信度系数 Cronbach′s α值>0.7;(2)内容效度检验:通过具备烟草病学研究经验的戒烟专家的审阅;(3)结构效度检验:要求 KMO 值>0.6。问卷调查采用自填的方式完成。由经过统一培训的调查员现场通过二维码发放电子版调查问卷,说明调查目的,解释相关定义但避免干扰作答,不限定答卷时间,强调匿名和问卷信息严格保密。调查过程中校方人员及家长回避。
“现在吸烟者”为在调查前30 d内吸过烟的人;“已戒烟者”为每天吸烟连续至少6个月,但在调查时已不再吸烟的人;“从不吸烟者”为从未有过连续吸烟行为的人,包括香烟、雪茄、电子烟、加热型烟草制品等[6]。“经济状况自我评价”为受访对象对自身经济状况的主观感知,由于未成年人及学生经济尚未独立,对于家庭收入难以判定,但国外研究显示经济水平可能与HTP的使用和意愿相关[7],因此参考相关文献“感知的家庭富裕程度”(perceived family affluence)[8]的方式采用自我评价进行调查。HSI评估包含2个问题,每个问题的答案对应相应的得分,问题1:早晨醒来后多长时间吸第1支烟?回答>60 min为0分,31~60 min为1分,6~30 min为2分,≤5 min为3分;问题2:每天吸多少支烟?回答≤10支为0分,11~20支为1分,21~30支为2分,≥31支为3分。2个问题的总分≥4分为重度烟草依赖[9]。
先进行数据清洗,剔除不合理应答的数据,如矛盾应答、应答时间过短的问卷。采用WPS 2023软件进行计量分析,采用 SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,不同组间频数及率的比较采用χ2检验、连续性校正χ2检验或 Fisher 精确检验,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。采用SPSS modeler 18.0进行基于Apiori算法的关联规则分析,分别以“曾经使用HTP”“当前使用HTP”和“对尝试使用HTP非常感兴趣”“对尝试使用HTP有点兴趣”为后项,以一般资料和吸烟状况为前项,设置最小支持度为0.2%,最小置信度为1%,提升度>1的规则为强关联规则,其中支持度表示某个项集出现的频率;置信度表示当前项出现时后项同时出现的频率;提升度指前项和后项一同出现的频率,反映了关联规则中的前项与后项的相关性,提升度>1且越高表明正相关性越高[10]。
8 377名受访学生中,男性4 904人(58.54%),女性3 473人(41.46%);中学生5 539人(66.12%),大学生2 838人(33.88%);从不吸烟者7 424人(88.62%),现在吸烟者389人(4.64%),已戒烟者564人(6.73%)。现在吸烟者中,重度烟草依赖58人(14.91%);单用燃烧卷烟352人(90.49%),单用电子烟11人(2.83%),单用加热型烟草制品5人(1.29%),混合吸烟21人(5.40%)。
明确听说过HTP者2 295人(27.40%),未听说过HTP者4 075人(48.65%),不确定是否听说过HTP者2 007人(23.95%)。明确见到过HTP者1 768人(21.11%),未见到过HTP者5 070人(60.52%),不确定是否见到过HTP者1 539人(18.37%)。与从不吸烟者和已戒烟者相比,现在吸烟者听说过(χ2=27.652、9.432,均P<0.01)和见到过(χ2=59.989、10.083,均P<0.01)HTP的比例更大;与中学生组相比,大学生组听说过(χ2=45.026,P<0.01)和见到过(χ2=58.792,P<0.01)HTP的比例更大,差异均有统计学意义。
现在吸烟者中,中学生257人,吸烟率4.64%,重度烟草依赖42人(16.34%);大学生132人,吸烟率4.65%,重度烟草依赖16人(12.12%)。两者在吸烟率、重度烟草依赖度上比较差异均无统计学意义。389名现在吸烟者中,曾经使用HTP者11人(2.83%),当前使用HTP者7人(1.80%),所有受访的从不吸烟者和已戒烟者均未曾使用过HTP。曾经使用过HTP者11人,占8 377名受访者的0.13%;当前使用HTP者7人,占8 377名受访者的0.08%。中学生组与大学生组在当前使用HTP的比例上无差异。与中学生组相比,大学生组的HTP曾经使用率更高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。
运行基于Apiori算法的关联规则模型,共得出关联规则538条,根据研究目的和临床实际所需挑选意义最大的关联规则6条,其中:(1)规则1~3提示,现在吸烟者当前使用HTP的概率为1.80%,若其为重度烟草依赖、家人亲朋中有吸烟者的男性,则该概率明显提升至5.77%,若其为经济状况低于平均水平的大学生,则该概率明显提升至8.57%;(2)规则4~6提示,现在吸烟者曾经使用HTP的概率为2.83%,若其为女性大学生,则该概率明显提升至10.00%,若其为曾经使用电子烟和燃烧卷烟、见到过HTP的中学生,则该概率明显提升至10.35%。
受访学生中对尝试使用HTP“非常感兴趣”286人(3.41%),“有点感兴趣”395人(4.72%)。与从不吸烟者和已戒烟者相比,现在吸烟者对尝试使用HTP表示“非常感兴趣”(χ2=80.751、29.294,均P<0.01)和“有点感兴趣”(χ2=188.302、23.703,均P<0.01)的比例更大;与中学生相比,大学生对尝试使用HTP表示“非常感兴趣”(χ2=22.252,P<0.01)、“有点感兴趣”(χ2=123.835,P<0.01)、“肯定不会尝试”(χ2=7.049,P<0.01)的比例更大,“不确定”(χ2=30.915,P<0.01)、“不感兴趣”(χ2=37.231,P<0.01)的比例更小,差异均有统计学意义。
运行基于Apiori算法的关联规则模型,共得出关联规则2 539条,根据研究目的和临床实际所需挑选意义最大的关联规则10条,其中:(1)规则1~6提示,从不吸烟者中,有点兴趣尝试使用HTP的概率为3.75%,若其为家人亲朋有吸烟者的大学生,则该概率明显提升至7.30%,若其为经济状况低于平均水平的大学生,则该概率明显提升至8.57%;若其为家人亲朋有吸烟者、经济状况为平均水平的大学生,则该概率明显提升至10.07%;非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP的概率为3.03%,若其经济状况高于平均水平且家人亲朋有吸烟者,则该概率明显提升至21.37%;(2)规则7~10提示,现在吸烟者中,有点兴趣尝试使用HTP的概率为18.51%,若为当前使用燃烧卷烟、家人亲朋有吸烟者的大学生,则该概率明显提升至28.95%;若其曾经使用电子烟且听说过HTP,则该概率明显提升至28.57%;非常感兴趣尝试使用HTP的概率为11.57%,若其为重度烟草依赖,则该概率明显提升至25.86%。
受访学生对尝试使用HTP产生兴趣的最常见原因依次为:“对健康的危害比较小”168人(24.67%),“单纯喜欢,没有什么原因”165人(24.23%)、“可以减少吸烟量”91人(13.36%)、“好奇”70人(10.28%)。中学生与大学生在尝试使用HTP最主要原因分布上的差异无统计学意义。
我国是世界上最大的烟草生产国、消费国和受害国,吸烟被认为是我国当前最重要的公共卫生问题之一[11]。2009年,原卫生部等4部委联合印发的《关于2011年起全国医疗卫生系统全面禁烟的决定》明确要求所有的医疗卫生机构积极建设无烟单位、开设戒烟门诊或设立戒烟医生,我国控烟工作逐渐取得巨大成果,且我国相关法律法规已明确将HTP纳入了监管范围,未批准HTP在境内上市销售,任何市场主体不得非法经营HTP。但中国香港的经验表明,即使在未正式上市的地区,HTP仍可能迅速流行[12–13],而且可能对年轻群体更具吸引力[14–15]。因此,大学生和中学生作为年轻群体的重要组成,有必要了解其对HTP的知晓率、使用状况和尝试态度,为我国控烟政策的实施和控烟目标的达成提供参考[16]。
在知晓HTP方面,27.40%的受访学生听说过HTP,21.11%的受访学生见到过HTP,显著高于2017年国际烟草控制青年烟草和电子烟调查(International Tobacco Control Youth Tobacco and E-cigarette Survey)数据中16~19岁青少年对IQOS(世界上最大的烟草公司菲利普莫里斯国际集团公司的HTP品牌)的知晓率(7.0%)[17]和2019—2020年美国加利福尼亚州一项针对150 516名高中学生进行HTP调查的知晓率(8.9%)[18],但低于2019年波兰一项针对1 344名医学生的调查(76.5%)[19]。提示学生群体仍有各种渠道了解HTP,可能与HTP制造商或生产企业在口味[20]、品牌命名[21]、产品包装[15, 22–23]等方面都在刻意吸引年轻群体有关。而且,本研究中大学生及现在吸烟者知晓HTP的比例高于中学生及从不吸烟者,表明随着国家对HTP的管控,人们获取HTP的渠道愈加困难、成本愈加增高,较年轻的群体和对烟草使用没有刻意关注的群体较少机会了解和接触HTP。但需要警惕的是,我国市场上已推出了类似于HTP原理、通过电子热源加热普通燃烧卷烟而非专用HTP烟弹的设备,并以“智能烟斗”“智能滤焦器”“电加热烤烟斗”等名目在购物平台上销售,提示有必要持续加强对新型烟草制品的管控。
在HTP使用方面,本次受访中学生和大学生的HTP曾经使用率(0.13%)和当前使用率(0.08%)均极低,明显低于2020年危地马拉一项针对2 870名13~17岁学生的现在使用率(2.9%)[24]、2020年中国香港针对731名年轻吸烟者的HTP现在使用率(37.9%)[13],2024年美国一项针对222万名中学生(初中生64万,高中生158万)的调查发现HTP现在使用率为0.8%(初中生0.7%,高中生0.9%)[25],表明我国对HTP的监管在调查区域内取得显著成效。但对比分析和关联规则分析发现,特定人群使用HTP的概率明显高于整体,其中,经济状况低于平均水平的大学生现在吸烟者使用HTP的概率最高,与中国香港、日本和韩国相关研究发现HTP使用与较高的社会经济地位有关的结论不同[7, 12],推测与低社会经济地位人群的吸烟率较高[26],因此有更大的可能性接触和使用HTP有关。但由于频数过少(3人)且关联规则不具备因果关系,故无法进一步分析该差异是否与学生户籍、性别、烟草依赖严重程度、吸烟原因等因素有关。
在尝试HTP态度方面,受访学生对使用HTP表示不感兴趣(36.80%)或肯定不会尝试(46.01%)的比例明显低于加拿大、英国、美国、危地马拉和墨西哥类似研究的结果[17, 24, 27],但特定人群有兴趣尝试使用HTP的概率明显高于整体,如重度烟草依赖的现在吸烟者、经济状况高于平均水平且家人亲朋有吸烟者的从不吸烟者对尝试使用HTP非常感兴趣的概率最高,结合尝试使用HTP的主要原因分布,推测该关联与HTP在宣传时强调“暴露改良(exposure modification)”但吸烟者容易将其误认为“风险改良(risk modification)”有关[1]。对于非吸烟者,这种混淆可能导致其对烟草依赖的危害感知下降,并可能在同伴效应(peer effect)[28]的作用下对尝试使用HTP产生兴趣;对于现在吸烟者,这种混淆可能使其误以为可以通过使用HTP以减少烟草依赖对健康的伤害,而并非接受规范的戒烟治疗。提示有必要就特定人群开展针对性的控烟宣传和校内教育,从而提高其对HTP等新型烟草制品危害的认识,增强其抵御能力。
需要强调的是,知晓、使用和尝试态度紧密相关且相互影响。即使无法购买HTP专用烟弹,吸烟者对其知晓和尝试态度可能促使他们转向使用传统燃烧卷烟的加热烟具,增加控烟难度,而无烟校园环境,可能降低学生群体尝试使用的兴趣。而且由于各国控烟政策不一致、研究对象不一,使跨国比较的可比性具备挑战[24]。因此基于调查结果,在新型烟草制品和新型研究不断出现的背景下,我国控烟工作需基于“烟草依赖是一种致死性慢病”的理念和创新型慢性病管理框架(Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework, ICCC)[29]的模式,进一步深化针对学生的控烟工作。从宏观层面,将控烟工作融入校园规章,视其为学生健康管理的目标之一。在校园内进行新型烟草制品危害的宣传教育,利用新媒体和网络小游戏等受欢迎的方式进行控烟宣传[30],探讨在学校增设烟草病学课程的必要性和可行性。加强教师和校医的控烟知识和技能培训,使其成为控烟的先行者。从微观层面,设立自助式检测点如“健康小屋”,鼓励学生接受规范戒烟治疗,报销部分费用,帮助学生开展烟草病学相关宣传和筛查。
本研究是广州市首个关于HTP知晓率、使用率和尝试使用态度的调查研究,调查区域涵盖广州市市区、郊区、县镇和乡村,研究结论具备代表性;调查问卷经信度及效度检验,研究结论较为可信。但亦存在局限性,包括研究对象的吸烟状况为自我报告,未经生物学验证;调查期间HTP已禁止销售,未有与HTP被允许销售时的数据作对比;调查期间,采用电子热源对普通燃烧卷烟进行加热的设备尚未发售,因此未纳入调查;研究对象局限于学生群体,未包含其他职业状况的青少年;由于当前使用率及曾经使用率极低,实例过少,未能使用logistic回归分析探索使用HTP的影响因素;采取自填式问卷,问卷填写过程无监督,回收率较低等,今后进一步研究需完善和改进。

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2025年第41卷第5期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146065
  • 接收时间:2024-09-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30
  • 修回日期:2024-12-10
  • 录用日期:2025-03-12
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    1广州市白云区第二人民医院 广州市第一人民医院白云医院,广州 510450
    2广东省健康管理学会基层医疗及健康教育专业委员会,广州 510080
    3广州医科大学附属脑科医院,广州 510380
    4广州医科大学附属第一医院 广州呼吸健康研究院 国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心 国家呼吸医学中心,广州 510120

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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