Article(id=1321169983120458112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169924697993338, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146043, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727280000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-26, revisedDate=1731600000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-15, acceptedDate=1743523200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-02, onlineDate=1792921070126, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921070126, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921070126, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921070126, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169924697993338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='5', pageStart='513', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921056198, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921056198, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=568, endPage=573, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169983330173313, articleId=1321169983120458112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Willingness to participate in combined breast and cervical cancer screening and its influencing factors among 35 - 64 year old women participating in screening in Jinan city, 2024: a cross-sectional survey, columnId=1321169943039693150, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report–Healthy Living for Chronic Disease Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the awareness and satisfaction of women in Jinan, Shandong Province, regarding breast and cervical cancer screening programs, and to analyze their willingness to participate in combined screening for both cancers and the influencing factors, with the aim of providing a reference for promoting combined screening for these cancers.

Methods

Using cross-sectional survey methods with a self-developed questionnaire, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 569 women aged 35 - 64 years in Jinan city, Shandong province, from May to July 2024. Participants were recruited through community-based cervical and breast cancer screening programs. The survey collected data on demographic characteristics, awareness of dual-cancer screening, willingness to participate in combined screening, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression.

Results

A total of 541 valid responses were received. Of the respondents, 87.43% were aware that the government regularly provides free screening for two cancers for women of appropriate age. In addition, 93.16% and 80.78% of respondents were aware of at least one recommended screening method for breast and cervical cancer programs, respectively. For breast cancer screening, awareness of specific methods was as follows: breast examination (79.11%), breast ultrasound (66.54%), and mammography (10.35%). For cervical cancer screening, awareness rates were: HPV testing (74.86%), cytology testing (34.01%), and colposcopy (29.57%). Regarding screening preferences, 77.63% of subjects preferred a single-visit model ("complete both screenings at the same time"), while 17.74% preferred separate visits. Multiple logistic regression identified two independent factors influencing willingness to participate in joint screening: occupation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.11 - 6.23) and prior awareness of screening (OR = 6.29, 95%CI: 3.80 - 10.40). Regarding logistics, 99.26% of subjects preferred screening every 1 - 3 years and 71.90% preferred nearby community health centers. Even with full self-payment, 53.05% remained willing to choose community screening. Satisfaction rates were high: 73.94% (process arrangement), 73.57% (technical level of staff), and 72.83% (service attitude). Finally, 98.89% reported that it was convenient to participate.

Conclusions

While most women demonstrate awareness and willingness to participate in combined breast and cervical cancer screening, targeted health education remains necessary. Further research is needed to assess the feasibility of implementing this model in different regional settings.

, authors=Hongsheng SONG1, Zeyun ZHAO1, Cuiyu GONG2, Fei ZHU2, Xuelian ZHAO3, Li ZHANG1, Fanghui ZHAO3, Yuping WANG1, authorsList=Hongsheng SONG, Zeyun ZHAO, Cuiyu GONG, Fei ZHU, Xuelian ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Fanghui ZHAO, Yuping WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fanghui ZHAO, Yuping WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHAO Fanghui, E-mail:
WANG Yuping, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169983690883458, articleId=1321169983120458112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2024年济南市妇女参与乳腺癌和宫颈癌联合筛查意愿及其影响因素分析, columnId=1321169943232631136, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——健康生活方式,预防慢性病, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

调查山东省济南市妇女对乳腺癌、宫颈癌(两癌)筛查的认知及满意度情况,分析其对两癌联合筛查的参与意愿及影响因素,为两癌联合筛查模式的推广提供参考。

方法

采用横断面调查研究方法,于2024年5—7月在山东省济南市对招募的社区参与两癌筛查的569名35~64岁妇女进行问卷调查,收集基本信息、对两癌筛查的认知情况、对联合筛查的参与意愿以及满意度情况,采用χ2检验、二元logistic回归方法进行统计分析。

结果

共收集到有效问卷541份,其中87.43%的研究对象知晓政府定期为适龄妇女提供免费两癌筛查政策,分别有93.16%和80.78%的研究对象知晓乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查方案中推荐的至少一种筛查方法,其中对乳腺体检、乳腺超声、乳腺X线检查的知晓率分别为79.11%、66.54%、10.35%;对HPV检测、细胞学检测、阴道镜检查的知晓率分别为74.86%、34.01%、29.57%。针对联合筛查模式,77.63%的研究对象倾向于“一次完成两种筛查”的联合筛查模式,17.74%的研究对象倾向于选择“两种筛查分开完成”的模式。多因素logistic回归结果显示,职业(OR=2.63,95%CI=1.11~6.23)和对两癌筛查的知晓情况(OR=6.29,95%CI=3.80~10.40)为参与联合筛查意愿的独立影响因素。在筛查时间和地点方面,99.26%的研究对象希望每1~3年内参与1次两癌筛查,71.90%的研究对象表示愿意在附近的社区卫生服务中心或乡镇卫生院完成筛查。在支付意愿方面,有53.05%的研究对象在完全自费情况下依然愿意选择联合筛查。大多数研究对象对所参与的筛查满意,对流程安排、医务人员的技术水平、服务态度非常满意的分别占73.94%、73.57%、72.83%,且98.89%的研究对象均认为前来参与筛查便利。

结论

大部分妇女对两癌筛查有一定了解,且愿意参与联合筛查,但仍要重视对妇女的健康宣教;联合筛查对大多数妇女来说是一种更受欢迎的模式,但其在不同地区推广的可行性还需多角度的研究证据支持。

, authors=宋红升1, 赵泽昀1, 巩翠玉2, 朱菲2, 赵雪莲3, 张莉1, 赵方辉3, *, *, 王宇萍1, *, *, authorsList=宋红升, 赵泽昀, 巩翠玉, 朱菲, 赵雪莲, 张莉, 赵方辉, 王宇萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵方辉, 王宇萍, authorNote=

宋红升(1998—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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赵方辉,E-mail:
王宇萍,E-mail:
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宋红升(1998—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Number and proportion of people aware of breast and cervical cancer screening policies and methods among 541 women aged 35 - 64 participating in combined screening in Jinan city in 2024 by age, education, and occupation

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特征政策乳腺癌筛查方法宫颈癌筛查方法率合计χ2值P值
知晓人数占比/%知晓人数占比/%知晓人数占比/%知晓人数占比/%
年龄/岁
 35~4421495.5421796.8819687.5018883.9344.92<0.001
 45~5418685.7120092.1717882.0315772.35
 55~647373.008787.006363.004848.00
学历
 小学及以下3866.675291.234273.682849.1221.62<0.001
 初中22388.1423291.7020279.8418573.12
 高中(含中专、技校)11689.2312293.8510379.239673.85
 大专、本科及以上9695.059897.039089.118483.17
职业
 自由职业者8584.169190.107776.246968.3236.40<0.001
 农民12993.4813497.1012993.4812187.68
 企业、商业、服务业人员(包括个体)10589.7410791.458774.367765.81
 工人3880.854493.623472.343165.96
 公职人员2996.6730100.0030100.002996.67
 无业3877.554387.763673.473061.22
 其他(包括退休、家庭主妇等)4983.055593.224474.583661.02
合计47387.4350493.1643780.7839372.64
), ArticleFig(id=1321169990062031297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169983120458112, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征研究对象对筛查政策及方法的知晓情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征政策乳腺癌筛查方法宫颈癌筛查方法率合计χ2值P值
知晓人数占比/%知晓人数占比/%知晓人数占比/%知晓人数占比/%
年龄/岁
 35~4421495.5421796.8819687.5018883.9344.92<0.001
 45~5418685.7120092.1717882.0315772.35
 55~647373.008787.006363.004848.00
学历
 小学及以下3866.675291.234273.682849.1221.62<0.001
 初中22388.1423291.7020279.8418573.12
 高中(含中专、技校)11689.2312293.8510379.239673.85
 大专、本科及以上9695.059897.039089.118483.17
职业
 自由职业者8584.169190.107776.246968.3236.40<0.001
 农民12993.4813497.1012993.4812187.68
 企业、商业、服务业人员(包括个体)10589.7410791.458774.367765.81
 工人3880.854493.623472.343165.96
 公职人员2996.6730100.0030100.002996.67
 无业3877.554387.763673.473061.22
 其他(包括退休、家庭主妇等)4983.055593.224474.583661.02
合计47387.4350493.1643780.7839372.64
), ArticleFig(id=1321169990137528770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169983120458112, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Influence of age, education, occupation, and awareness of the screening program on willingness to participate in combined breast and cervical cancer screening among screened women aged 35 to 64 years in Jinan city: univariate and multivariate analyses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素愿意参与联合筛查不愿意参与联合筛查单因素分析多因素分析
人数占比/%人数占比/%OR值 95%CIOR值95%CI
年龄/岁
 35~4417979.914520.091.001.00
 45~5416977.884822.120.890.56~1.401.090.64~1.87
 55~647272.002828.000.650.38~1.121.050.53~2.11
学历
 小学及以下4477.191322.811.001.00
 初中19777.875622.131.040.52~2.060.600.27~1.35
 高中(含中专、技校)10278.462821.541.080.51~2.270.690.28~1.73
 大专、本科及以上7776.242423.760.950.44~2.050.610.22~1.66
职业
 无业3367.351632.651.001.00
 自由职业者8281.191918.812.090.96~4.562.170.92~5.11
 农民12389.131510.873.981.78~8.872.631.11~6.23
 企业、商业、服务业人员(包括个体)8068.383731.621.050.51~2.141.040.46~2.32
 工人3676.601123.401.590.64~3.911.760.64~4.82
 公职人员2376.67723.331.590.57~4.490.840.25~2.86
 其他(包括退休、家庭主妇等)4372.881627.121.300.57~2.981.480.58~3.76
两癌筛查的知晓情况
 不知晓7852.707047.301.001.00
 知晓34287.025112.986.023.89~9.316.293.80~10.40
), ArticleFig(id=1321169990242386371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169983120458112, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究对象对联合筛查的参与意愿及影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素愿意参与联合筛查不愿意参与联合筛查单因素分析多因素分析
人数占比/%人数占比/%OR值 95%CIOR值95%CI
年龄/岁
 35~4417979.914520.091.001.00
 45~5416977.884822.120.890.56~1.401.090.64~1.87
 55~647272.002828.000.650.38~1.121.050.53~2.11
学历
 小学及以下4477.191322.811.001.00
 初中19777.875622.131.040.52~2.060.600.27~1.35
 高中(含中专、技校)10278.462821.541.080.51~2.270.690.28~1.73
 大专、本科及以上7776.242423.760.950.44~2.050.610.22~1.66
职业
 无业3367.351632.651.001.00
 自由职业者8281.191918.812.090.96~4.562.170.92~5.11
 农民12389.131510.873.981.78~8.872.631.11~6.23
 企业、商业、服务业人员(包括个体)8068.383731.621.050.51~2.141.040.46~2.32
 工人3676.601123.401.590.64~3.911.760.64~4.82
 公职人员2376.67723.331.590.57~4.490.840.25~2.86
 其他(包括退休、家庭主妇等)4372.881627.121.300.57~2.981.480.58~3.76
两癌筛查的知晓情况
 不知晓7852.707047.301.001.00
 知晓34287.025112.986.023.89~9.316.293.80~10.40
), ArticleFig(id=1321169990313689540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169983120458112, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Number and proportion of very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, and very dissatisfied with medical staff procedures, skills, and services in combined breast and cervical cancer screening among 541 screened women aged 35-64 years in Jinan city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目非常满意满意不满意非常不满意
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
筛查流程安排满意度40073.9413925.6910.1810.18
筛查医务人员的技术水平39873.5714126.0620.3700
筛查医务人员服务态度39472.8314526.8020.3700
), ArticleFig(id=1321169990368215494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169983120458112, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

研究对象的筛查满意度及便利度情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目非常满意满意不满意非常不满意
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
筛查流程安排满意度40073.9413925.6910.1810.18
筛查医务人员的技术水平39873.5714126.0620.3700
筛查医务人员服务态度39472.8314526.8020.3700
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2024年济南市妇女参与乳腺癌和宫颈癌联合筛查意愿及其影响因素分析
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宋红升 1 , 赵泽昀 1 , 巩翠玉 2 , 朱菲 2 , 赵雪莲 3 , 张莉 1 , 赵方辉 3, *, * , 王宇萍 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——健康生活方式,预防慢性病 2025,41(5): 568-573
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——健康生活方式,预防慢性病 2025 , 41 (5) : 568 -573
2024年济南市妇女参与乳腺癌和宫颈癌联合筛查意愿及其影响因素分析
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宋红升1, 赵泽昀1, 巩翠玉2, 朱菲2, 赵雪莲3, 张莉1, 赵方辉3, *, * , 王宇萍1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
  • 2济南市莱芜区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心,济南 271100
  • 3国家癌症中心 国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院,北京 100021
通讯作者:
赵方辉,E-mail:
王宇萍,E-mail:
作者简介:

宋红升(1998—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

Willingness to participate in combined breast and cervical cancer screening and its influencing factors among 35 - 64 year old women participating in screening in Jinan city, 2024: a cross-sectional survey
Hongsheng SONG1, Zeyun ZHAO1, Cuiyu GONG2, Fei ZHU2, Xuelian ZHAO3, Li ZHANG1, Fanghui ZHAO3 , Yuping WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • 2Jinan Laiwu District Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, Jinan 271100, China
  • 3Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHAO Fanghui, E-mail:
    WANG Yuping, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146043
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目的

调查山东省济南市妇女对乳腺癌、宫颈癌(两癌)筛查的认知及满意度情况,分析其对两癌联合筛查的参与意愿及影响因素,为两癌联合筛查模式的推广提供参考。

方法

采用横断面调查研究方法,于2024年5—7月在山东省济南市对招募的社区参与两癌筛查的569名35~64岁妇女进行问卷调查,收集基本信息、对两癌筛查的认知情况、对联合筛查的参与意愿以及满意度情况,采用χ2检验、二元logistic回归方法进行统计分析。

结果

共收集到有效问卷541份,其中87.43%的研究对象知晓政府定期为适龄妇女提供免费两癌筛查政策,分别有93.16%和80.78%的研究对象知晓乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查方案中推荐的至少一种筛查方法,其中对乳腺体检、乳腺超声、乳腺X线检查的知晓率分别为79.11%、66.54%、10.35%;对HPV检测、细胞学检测、阴道镜检查的知晓率分别为74.86%、34.01%、29.57%。针对联合筛查模式,77.63%的研究对象倾向于“一次完成两种筛查”的联合筛查模式,17.74%的研究对象倾向于选择“两种筛查分开完成”的模式。多因素logistic回归结果显示,职业(OR=2.63,95%CI=1.11~6.23)和对两癌筛查的知晓情况(OR=6.29,95%CI=3.80~10.40)为参与联合筛查意愿的独立影响因素。在筛查时间和地点方面,99.26%的研究对象希望每1~3年内参与1次两癌筛查,71.90%的研究对象表示愿意在附近的社区卫生服务中心或乡镇卫生院完成筛查。在支付意愿方面,有53.05%的研究对象在完全自费情况下依然愿意选择联合筛查。大多数研究对象对所参与的筛查满意,对流程安排、医务人员的技术水平、服务态度非常满意的分别占73.94%、73.57%、72.83%,且98.89%的研究对象均认为前来参与筛查便利。

结论

大部分妇女对两癌筛查有一定了解,且愿意参与联合筛查,但仍要重视对妇女的健康宣教;联合筛查对大多数妇女来说是一种更受欢迎的模式,但其在不同地区推广的可行性还需多角度的研究证据支持。

乳腺癌  /  宫颈癌  /  联合筛查  /  意愿  /  影响因素  /  济南市
Objective

To investigate the awareness and satisfaction of women in Jinan, Shandong Province, regarding breast and cervical cancer screening programs, and to analyze their willingness to participate in combined screening for both cancers and the influencing factors, with the aim of providing a reference for promoting combined screening for these cancers.

Methods

Using cross-sectional survey methods with a self-developed questionnaire, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 569 women aged 35 - 64 years in Jinan city, Shandong province, from May to July 2024. Participants were recruited through community-based cervical and breast cancer screening programs. The survey collected data on demographic characteristics, awareness of dual-cancer screening, willingness to participate in combined screening, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression.

Results

A total of 541 valid responses were received. Of the respondents, 87.43% were aware that the government regularly provides free screening for two cancers for women of appropriate age. In addition, 93.16% and 80.78% of respondents were aware of at least one recommended screening method for breast and cervical cancer programs, respectively. For breast cancer screening, awareness of specific methods was as follows: breast examination (79.11%), breast ultrasound (66.54%), and mammography (10.35%). For cervical cancer screening, awareness rates were: HPV testing (74.86%), cytology testing (34.01%), and colposcopy (29.57%). Regarding screening preferences, 77.63% of subjects preferred a single-visit model ("complete both screenings at the same time"), while 17.74% preferred separate visits. Multiple logistic regression identified two independent factors influencing willingness to participate in joint screening: occupation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.11 - 6.23) and prior awareness of screening (OR = 6.29, 95%CI: 3.80 - 10.40). Regarding logistics, 99.26% of subjects preferred screening every 1 - 3 years and 71.90% preferred nearby community health centers. Even with full self-payment, 53.05% remained willing to choose community screening. Satisfaction rates were high: 73.94% (process arrangement), 73.57% (technical level of staff), and 72.83% (service attitude). Finally, 98.89% reported that it was convenient to participate.

Conclusions

While most women demonstrate awareness and willingness to participate in combined breast and cervical cancer screening, targeted health education remains necessary. Further research is needed to assess the feasibility of implementing this model in different regional settings.

breast cancer  /  cervical cancer  /  combined screening  /  willingness  /  influencing factor  /  Jinan city
宋红升, 赵泽昀, 巩翠玉, 朱菲, 赵雪莲, 张莉, 赵方辉, 王宇萍. 2024年济南市妇女参与乳腺癌和宫颈癌联合筛查意愿及其影响因素分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (5) : 568 -573 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146043
Hongsheng SONG, Zeyun ZHAO, Cuiyu GONG, Fei ZHU, Xuelian ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Fanghui ZHAO, Yuping WANG. Willingness to participate in combined breast and cervical cancer screening and its influencing factors among 35 - 64 year old women participating in screening in Jinan city, 2024: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (5) : 568 -573 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146043
乳腺癌和宫颈癌(以下简称“两癌”)是严重威胁全球女性健康的两大常见恶性肿瘤,根据世界癌症研究署发布数据估计,2022年全球女性乳腺癌新发病例约229.7万,死亡病例约66.6万,位居全球女性肿瘤发病和死亡首位;宫颈癌新发病例66.2万,死亡病例34.9万,位居全球女性肿瘤发病和死亡第4位[1]。我国乳腺癌和宫颈癌的疾病负担同样较为严重,我国肿瘤登记数据显示,2022年我国乳腺癌新发病例35.72万,死亡病例7.5万,宫颈癌新发病例15.07万,死亡病例5.57万,从2000年到2018年,我国乳腺癌和宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率均呈增长趋势[2–4]。我国政府高度重视女性两癌防控工作,2009年我国启动了首个国家政策主导的农村妇女两癌筛查项目,将农村妇女两癌免费检查项目纳入国家重大公共卫生服务项目。2019年,我国将两癌筛查项目纳入国家基本公共卫生服务项目中进行常态化工作实施,筛查服务对象范围由以往的农村适龄妇女扩大为城乡适龄(35~64岁)妇女[5]。为了切实提高两癌筛查的人群覆盖率和筛查工作的效率,许多地区实行了两癌联合筛查模式,即一次完成2种癌症筛查,而这种模式是否为具有推广价值的最佳模式尚无证据[6–7]。本研究于2024年5—7月在山东省济南市对部分社区符合两癌筛查条件的妇女进行调查,分析其对两癌筛查的参与意愿及对不同筛查模式选择的影响因素,为在全国不同地区推广适宜的筛查模式提供参考。
本研究为横断面调查研究,对象均来自山东省济南市。从济南市8个参与合作项目的社区卫生服务中心中随机抽取3个中心,采用便利抽样方法,对2024年5—7月参与两癌筛查的妇女进行调查。纳入标准:35~64岁女性,无肉眼可见的典型乳腺癌体征,有性生活、具有完整子宫颈、无肉眼可见的典型宫颈癌体征,能够理解研究程序,自愿签署知情同意书;排除标准:受孕、哺乳期妇女或计划受孕者,隆胸者,乳腺癌患者,有宫颈治疗史、骨盆放射治疗史及宫颈癌患者。共招募569名符合纳入标准并自愿参加调查的妇女,获得有效问卷541份,有效率95.08%。本研究已获得国家癌症中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院伦理委员会批准(审批号:24/026-4306),所有研究对象在参与筛查时均签署了知情同意书,并自愿参与本项研究。
采用横断面研究设计,对纳入的研究对象进行问卷调查。问卷由研究团队自行设计,主要内容包括基本信息、对两癌筛查的认知情况、对两癌联合筛查的参与意愿以及对筛查的满意度情况。基本信息包括年龄、职业、学历等信息;对两癌筛查的认知情况含4个问题,从信息的来源途径、是否知晓筛查政策、是否知晓两癌的筛查方法来评估认知情况;两癌联合筛查的参与意愿含4个问题,包括是否愿意选择联合筛查模式(即一次完成两种筛查)、筛查的时间间隔、筛查的地点以及支付意愿;筛查的满意度情况含6个问题,首先根据研究对象自己的感受选择对流程安排、医务人员的技术水平、服务态度是否为“非常满意”“满意”“不满意”或“非常不满意”,分别描述这3个方面的满意率;并了解研究对象参与筛查是否便利以及参与的此次筛查是否有不足之处(为多选题),对筛查工作是否还有其他建议等。问卷采用电子问卷形式,其中基本信息部分由经过培训的社区卫生服务中心筛查工作人员作为调查员,对研究对象进行面对面调查,对两癌筛查的认知情况、参与意愿以及满意度情况部分由调查员指导研究对象扫描电子问卷的二维码,匿名自行填写问卷,完成后交由调查员审核,合格后完成在线提交。
将面访问卷和电子问卷整理合并,建立电子数据库。采用SPSS 21软件对基本信息、两癌筛查的认知情况、两癌联合筛查的参与意愿以及对筛查的满意度等情况进行描述分析。将年龄、受教育程度、职业和认知情况纳入单因素和多因素非条件二分类logistic回归模型,分析对联合筛查参与意愿的影响因素。计数资料采用频数和百分比描述,组间比较采用χ2检验;不服从正态分布的计量资料以中位数和四分位数间距表示。二分类logistic分析结果采用OR及其95%CI表述。双侧检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
共有效调查541人,其中民族以汉族为主,共537人(99.26%);婚姻状况以已婚为主,共539人(99.63%);年龄为35~64岁,其中35~44岁224人,占41.40%,45~54岁217人,占40.11%,55~64岁100人,占18.48%;年龄中位数为47.00岁。研究对象受教育水平以初中学历居多,有253人,占46.77%,小学及以下学历有57人,占10.54%,高中(含中专、技校)学历有130人,占24.03%,大专、本科及以上学历101人,占18.67%。职业中农民的占比最高,有138人,占25.51%,自由职业者101人,占18.67%,企业、商业、服务业人员(包括个体)117人,占21.63%,工人47人,占8.69%,公职人员30人,占5.55%,无业49人,占9.06%,其他(包括退休、家庭主妇等)59人,占10.91%。
通过医务工作人员了解过两癌筛查相关信息的有384人(70.98%),在各项途径中占比最高。其余途径包括电视/网络等媒体宣传206人(38.08%),社区或乡村宣传205人(37.89%),工作单位宣传191人(35.30%),亲戚或朋友推荐91人(16.82%)。
473人(87.43%)表示知晓政府定期为适龄妇女提供免费两癌筛查政策;筛查方法中,分别有504(93.16%)和437(80.78%)名研究对象知晓乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查方法(即至少知晓筛查方案中一种筛查方法)。在具体的乳腺癌筛查方法中,428人(79.11%)知晓乳腺体检,360人(66.54%)知晓乳腺超声,56人(10.35%)知晓乳腺X线检查,有37人(6.84%)表示完全不知晓政府推荐的乳腺癌筛查方法;宫颈癌筛查的方法中,405人(74.86%)知晓HPV检测,184人(34.01%)知晓细胞学检测,160人(29.57%)知晓阴道镜检查,有104人(19.22%)表示完全不知晓政府推荐的宫颈癌筛查方法。
对筛查政策和两癌筛查方法均了解的研究对象有393(72.64%)人。不同年龄、学历、职业妇女知晓率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),随着妇女的年龄越高,知晓率呈下降趋势(χ2趋势=42.35,P<0.05);学历越高,知晓率呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=14.61,P<0.05);不同职业中,国家机关、党群组织、事业单位人员知晓率较高,无业、退休人员和家庭主妇的知晓率偏低。
7(1.29%)人表示只愿意参加乳腺癌筛查,18(3.33%)人表示只愿意参加宫颈癌筛查,516(95.38%)人表示愿意参加乳腺癌和宫颈癌两种筛查,其中有 420(77.63%)人倾向于一次完成两种筛查的联合筛查模式,另外 96(17.74%)人倾向于分开完成两种筛查。根据是否愿意参与联合筛查将妇女分为 2 组,单因素二元 logistic 回归结果显示,职业和对两癌筛查的知晓情况为参与联合筛查意愿的影响因素,而不同年龄、学历的妇女对联合筛查的参与意愿差异无统计学意义。将这些因素纳入多因素 logistic 回归模型,结果显示职业和对两癌筛查的知晓情况为参与联合筛查意愿的独立影响因素。与无业的妇女相比,农妇参与联合筛查的意愿最高(OR=2.63,95%CI=1.11~6.23),其他职业妇女的联合筛查意愿与农妇差异无统计学意义;对两癌筛查政策和方法均知晓的妇女参与联合筛查的意愿高于不知晓的妇女(OR=6.29,95%CI=3.80~10.40)。
537名(99.26%)研究对象希望1~3年内参加1次两癌筛查,希望筛查间隔在0.5年和≥4年的研究对象分别仅有3人(0.55%)和1人(0.18%)。对于“希望在什么地点参与两癌筛查”,有389名(71.90%)研究对象表示愿意在附近的社区卫生服务中心或乡镇卫生院完成筛查,有152名(28.10%)研究对象表示愿意在医院或妇幼保健院完成筛查。
对于联合筛查的支付意愿,“假如需要完全自费的情况下,调查妇女是否依然愿意选择联合筛查?”,有287名(53.05%)研究对象依然愿意选择联合筛查。“假如需要部分自费,让妇女可以以折扣价参与联合筛查”,愿意选择联合筛查的研究对象增加到310人(57.30%),且接受部分自费的妇女中最多接受的支付金额均<100元。
400名(73.94%)研究对象表示对流程安排非常满意。对筛查医务人员的技术水平、服务态度非常满意的研究对象分别有398人(73.57%)和394人(72.83%)。关于前来参与筛查是否便利的问题,535(98.89%)名研究对象都认为前来参与筛查是便利的。而关于此次筛查中的不足之处,155(28.65%)名研究对象反映了检查环节排队时间较长的问题,94人(17.38%)反映筛查的通知比较紧急导致时间安排紧张的问题,51人(9.43%)反映无法自主预约时间的问题,43人(7.95%)反映检查环节保护隐私不够到位的问题,25人(4.62%)反映后续结果何时返回不够明确的问题,24人(4.44%)反映现场秩序需改善、导诊不明确的问题,15人(2.77%)反映检查过程比较痛苦的问题。关于对两癌筛查的建议,共6名研究对象为筛查工作提出了建设性的意见,分别是增大筛查覆盖年龄、减小筛查间隔时间、增加工作人员以提高筛查效率、分批次进行筛查、扩大宣传力度以及通知时更加详细地说明注意事项。
自2009年我国农村妇女两癌筛查项目启动以来,经过医务工作者的不断努力,我国的两癌筛查工作已经取得了初步成果[8]。但两癌筛查覆盖的人群却仍不足[9–10]。妇女对两癌筛查的知晓情况以对及整体筛查流程安排的满意度情况影响妇女能否及时参加筛查,从而影响到两癌筛查的覆盖率[11-13]。
本研究中妇女对两癌筛查的知晓率较高,87.43%的妇女知晓两癌筛查这项政策,与北京市户籍人口对两癌筛查的知晓率(90.3%)[14]、深圳城市妇女对宫颈癌筛查的知晓率(84.99%)[13]结果较为接近,高于深圳农村妇女的结果(46.87%)[13]。大多数妇女知晓至少1种筛查方法,但对筛查全流程难以完全知晓,其中对宫颈癌筛查方法的知晓率明显偏低,这说明妇女对两癌筛查知识的知晓率并不高,这一结论与既往研究相似[15–17]。知晓率在不同年龄、学历、职业的妇女中有所不同,高年龄、文化程度较低、无业的妇女知晓率较低,与既往的研究结果相似[13, 18–19],提示高年龄、文化程度较低、无业的妇女是健康宣教中需要关注的重点对象。
本研究结果显示,77.63%的参与筛查妇女表示愿意选择“一次完成两种筛查”的联合筛查模式,该结果与山西襄垣县的研究结果(92.5%)相比偏低[20]。原因可能由于本研究的联合筛查模式强调“一次完成”,即在两种筛查都参加的基础上区分了“一次完成”和“分开完成”两种方案,因此会有部分妇女(17.74%)选择“分开完成”的方案,也说明了两种模式各有优势。“一次完成”的联合筛查模式是对大多数妇女有利且偏好的筛查模式,同时也能避免医务人员的重复工作,在筛查工作中应该优先采用联合筛查的模式,让妇女更全面更方便地完成筛查。
不同妇女参加联合筛查的意愿有所差异,与“无业”的妇女相比,农妇参与联合筛查的意愿较高(OR=2.63,95%CI=1.11~6.23),对两癌筛查政策和方法均知晓的妇女参与联合筛查的意愿高于不知晓的妇女(OR=6.29,95%CI=3.80~10.40),提示参与联合筛查的意愿与对信息的了解情况有关,妇女对筛查信息越了解,则更倾向于选择更有优势的联合筛查,而无业妇女与农妇的显著性差异可能也与无业人群通常获得信息途径较少有关。因此,仍要重视对妇女的健康宣教,尤其要关注“无业”妇女等群体,对重点人群精准开展健康宣教,妇女获得的信息量增加,健康意识提高,就会自觉关注自己的健康,从而主动选择更优的筛查模式[21]。
针对筛查频率,绝大多数妇女希望筛查的间隔时间在1~3年,可见妇女的健康意识较强,愿意通过定期筛查来维护自己的健康;针对筛查地点,71.90%的妇女都表示希望在附近的社区卫生服务中心或乡镇卫生院参与筛查,可见妇女参与筛查时会优先考虑便利的问题,希望在医院或妇幼保健院参与筛查的妇女主要考虑到其医务人员专业性、条件设施更齐全等优势。针对支付意愿,53.05%的妇女能接受自费的联合筛查,可以看出研究对象的健康意识比较高,该结果与2009年山西省襄垣县一项研究结果相比有所提高(愿意支付20元以上费用者不足50%)[20],看出近年来健康宣教的效果较为显著,妇女对筛查的重视程度有所提高,对筛查服务也有更多的支付意愿[22]。
本研究绝大多数妇女对筛查流程安排、医务人员的技术水平、医务人员的服务态度均满意,且大多数参加筛查比较便利,结合妇女在筛查地点的选择上优先考虑便利,因此在社区卫生服务中心以及下乡开展两癌联合筛查受妇女偏好,但其与医院相比医疗条件水平的差异仍值得关注[23]。
本研究在研究设计上存在一定的局限性:首先,虽然本研究的妇女均来自从社区招募的一般人群,但是所有妇女均为同意参加了筛查的妇女,缺少不愿意到达现场参加筛查的妇女,样本不能代表全部。其次,本研究调查了筛查的参与者对联合筛查的意愿及满意度情况,但尚缺少关于联合筛查的成本效益分析,以及在资源有限的地区是否有条件开展联合筛查的评估,因此目前尚不足以说明联合筛查模式推广的合理性。在卫生资源水平较低的地区,有能力提供筛查次数有限的情况下,让更多未参加过某种筛查的妇女及时完成第1次筛查比推广联合筛查更为重要。因此,未来仍然需要对联合筛查的卫生经济学评价以及对多部门专业人员的访谈等研究证据,以更加全面支撑联合筛查推广的合理性。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146043
  • 接收时间:2024-09-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-26
  • 修回日期:2024-11-15
  • 录用日期:2025-04-02
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    1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院,北京 100730
    2济南市莱芜区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心,济南 271100
    3国家癌症中心 国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院,北京 100021

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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