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Article(id=1321170014137336455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169924697993338, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1145887, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=1734278400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-16, acceptedDate=1744300800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-11, onlineDate=1792921077521, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921077521, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921077521, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921077521, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169924697993338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='5', pageStart='513', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921056198, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921056198, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=636, endPage=640, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170014317691528, articleId=1321170014137336455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Exploration of blended learning reform in practical public health talent training, columnId=1320431897281413811, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Public Health Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the implementation of the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, the construction of public health practice bases and the cultivation of practice-oriented public health professionals have become increasingly important. School of Public Health, Peking University based on the integration of its existing practical teaching bases, has explored a new practical teaching model. This model uses traditional base practice as the main thread, enhanced by practical micro-courses, and verified by practical case assessments. The school has strengthened the construction of a "dual-qualified" faculty team in public health, established a comprehensive practical teaching evaluation system, and built a high-level practical teaching platform for public health. This new model provides a valuable reference for cultivating practice-oriented public health professionals who meet the needs of social development and public health undertakings.

, authors=Xiangrong XU, Shengfeng WANG, Jianrong ZHANG, Yanping ZHU, Jing HE, Yajun XU, authorsList=Xiangrong XU, Shengfeng WANG, Jianrong ZHANG, Yanping ZHU, Jing HE, Yajun XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yajun XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
XU Yajun, E-mail:
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在《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》实施背景下，公共卫生专业实践基地建设与实战型公共卫生人才培养的重要性日益凸显。北京大学公共卫生学院在整合原有实践教学基地的基础上，探索以传统基地实践为主线，以实践微课程为升华，以实践案例考核为检验的新型实践教学模式。加强了公共卫生“双师型”教师队伍建设，建立全过程的实践教学评价体系，搭建高水平公共卫生实践教学平台，为培养适应社会发展和公共卫生事业需求的实战型公共卫生人才提供有益参考。

, authors=徐相蓉, 王胜锋, 张建荣, 朱燕萍, 贺婧, 许雅君*, *, authorsList=徐相蓉, 王胜锋, 张建荣, 朱燕萍, 贺婧, 许雅君, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=许雅君, authorNote=

徐相蓉（1990—），硕士，研究方向：医学教育管理

, correspAuthorsNote=
许雅君，E-mail：
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徐相蓉（1990—），硕士，研究方向：医学教育管理

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Content of the practical microbiology course

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序号实践技能课前沿进展课
1新冠病毒感染疫情现场调查与处置新冠病毒感染防控的国际进展
2卫生应急队伍建设公共卫生应急管理国际进展
3布鲁菌病现场的防控布鲁菌病防控的国际进展
4实验室生物安全知识生物安全实验室的国际进展
5雾霾对人群健康影响监测大气污染防控的国际进展
6地方性砷中毒的防控砷中毒防控的国际进展
7基于大数据的疾病防控实践基于大数据应急防控国际进展
8鼠疫现场的防控鼠疫疫苗的国际进展
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实践微课程的内容

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序号实践技能课前沿进展课
1新冠病毒感染疫情现场调查与处置新冠病毒感染防控的国际进展
2卫生应急队伍建设公共卫生应急管理国际进展
3布鲁菌病现场的防控布鲁菌病防控的国际进展
4实验室生物安全知识生物安全实验室的国际进展
5雾霾对人群健康影响监测大气污染防控的国际进展
6地方性砷中毒的防控砷中毒防控的国际进展
7基于大数据的疾病防控实践基于大数据应急防控国际进展
8鼠疫现场的防控鼠疫疫苗的国际进展
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Students′ understanding of the course content before and after class

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课程课前课后χ2值P值
人数知晓率/%人数知晓率/%
新冠病毒感染疫情现场调查与处置4754.74280.89.653 3<0.001
新冠病毒感染疫情防控的国际进展3540.74282.421.097 6<0.001
卫生应急队伍建设3540.74076.917.139 8<0.001
公共卫生应急管理国际进展3034.94178.825.073 3<0.001
布鲁菌病现场的防控2124.44076.936.220 4<0.001
布鲁菌病防控的国际进展1922.14076.939.805 1<0.001
实验室生物安全知识4046.54178.814.461 1<0.001
生物安全实验室的国际进展2529.13975.027.489 5<0.001
大气污染监测4957.04180.46.832 40.003
大气污染防控的国际进展2832.64384.332.607 3<0.001
地方性砷中毒的防控3034.94180.425.073 3<0.001
砷中毒防控的国际进展1922.14180.442.473 2<0.001
基于大数据的疾病防控实践3743.03876.011.797 1<0.001
基于大数据应急防控国际进展2731.44282.431.599 3<0.001
鼠疫现场的防控2225.63874.529.746 8<0.001
鼠疫疫苗的国际进展2326.74180.435.373 5<0.001
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学生在课前与课后对授课内容的知晓情况

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课程课前课后χ2值P值
人数知晓率/%人数知晓率/%
新冠病毒感染疫情现场调查与处置4754.74280.89.653 3<0.001
新冠病毒感染疫情防控的国际进展3540.74282.421.097 6<0.001
卫生应急队伍建设3540.74076.917.139 8<0.001
公共卫生应急管理国际进展3034.94178.825.073 3<0.001
布鲁菌病现场的防控2124.44076.936.220 4<0.001
布鲁菌病防控的国际进展1922.14076.939.805 1<0.001
实验室生物安全知识4046.54178.814.461 1<0.001
生物安全实验室的国际进展2529.13975.027.489 5<0.001
大气污染监测4957.04180.46.832 40.003
大气污染防控的国际进展2832.64384.332.607 3<0.001
地方性砷中毒的防控3034.94180.425.073 3<0.001
砷中毒防控的国际进展1922.14180.442.473 2<0.001
基于大数据的疾病防控实践3743.03876.011.797 1<0.001
基于大数据应急防控国际进展2731.44282.431.599 3<0.001
鼠疫现场的防控2225.63874.529.746 8<0.001
鼠疫疫苗的国际进展2326.74180.435.373 5<0.001
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实战型公共卫生人才培养目标下混合式实践教学改革探讨
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徐相蓉 , 王胜锋 , 张建荣 , 朱燕萍 , 贺婧 , 许雅君 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 公共卫生论坛 2025,41(5): 636-640
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中国公共卫生 |公共卫生论坛 2025 , 41 (5) : 636 -640
实战型公共卫生人才培养目标下混合式实践教学改革探讨
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徐相蓉, 王胜锋, 张建荣, 朱燕萍, 贺婧, 许雅君*, *
作者信息
  • 北京大学公共卫生学院，北京 100191
通讯作者:
许雅君，E-mail：
作者简介:

徐相蓉（1990—），硕士，研究方向：医学教育管理

Exploration of blended learning reform in practical public health talent training
Xiangrong XU, Shengfeng WANG, Jianrong ZHANG, Yanping ZHU, Jing HE, Yajun XU
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    XU Yajun, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145887
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在《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》实施背景下，公共卫生专业实践基地建设与实战型公共卫生人才培养的重要性日益凸显。北京大学公共卫生学院在整合原有实践教学基地的基础上，探索以传统基地实践为主线，以实践微课程为升华，以实践案例考核为检验的新型实践教学模式。加强了公共卫生“双师型”教师队伍建设，建立全过程的实践教学评价体系，搭建高水平公共卫生实践教学平台，为培养适应社会发展和公共卫生事业需求的实战型公共卫生人才提供有益参考。

公共卫生  /  预防医学  /  实践教学  /  实战型人才  /  人才培养

Under the implementation of the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline, the construction of public health practice bases and the cultivation of practice-oriented public health professionals have become increasingly important. School of Public Health, Peking University based on the integration of its existing practical teaching bases, has explored a new practical teaching model. This model uses traditional base practice as the main thread, enhanced by practical micro-courses, and verified by practical case assessments. The school has strengthened the construction of a "dual-qualified" faculty team in public health, established a comprehensive practical teaching evaluation system, and built a high-level practical teaching platform for public health. This new model provides a valuable reference for cultivating practice-oriented public health professionals who meet the needs of social development and public health undertakings.

public health  /  preventive medicine  /  practical teaching  /  practice-oriented professionals  /  personnel training
徐相蓉, 王胜锋, 张建荣, 朱燕萍, 贺婧, 许雅君. 实战型公共卫生人才培养目标下混合式实践教学改革探讨. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (5) : 636 -640 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145887
Xiangrong XU, Shengfeng WANG, Jianrong ZHANG, Yanping ZHU, Jing HE, Yajun XU. Exploration of blended learning reform in practical public health talent training[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (5) : 636 -640 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145887
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党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把维护人民健康摆在更加突出的位置，将健康中国提升为国家战略，公共卫生的重要性日益凸显[1]。2020年6月，习近平总书记主持召开专家学者座谈会，强调“要建设一批高水平公共卫生学院，着力培养能解决病原学鉴定、疫情形势研判和传播规律研究、现场流行病学调查、实验室检测等实际问题的人才”，为今后一个时期公共卫生教育的发展指明了方向。为落实习近平总书记重要讲话精神、回应社会现实需求，2021年教育部办公厅、国家发展改革委办公厅、国家卫生健康委办公厅和国家疾控局筹建组四部门印发《关于开展高水平公共卫生学院建设的通知》[2]，要求建设全方位、高质量公共卫生实践教学基地，加强协同育人，提升公共卫生实践能力，也对公共卫生人才培养的实践教学提出了更高标准、更符合实战的要求。2022年7月，教育部官网公示了全国18所国家高水平公共卫生学院建设高校名单，标志着我国公共卫生教育进入了“健康中国”发展战略的快车道。近3年的新型冠状病毒感染疫情（以下简称“新冠疫情”）防控，进一步暴露出我国公共卫生人才数量严重不足与质量不高的问题，亟须建设一支应急能力和专业素养兼备的实战型公共卫生人才队伍。公共卫生工作具有专业性和实践性强的鲜明特点，其人才培养的国际共识是让学生能够“在学中干、在干中学”[3]。北京大学公共卫生学院以高水平公共卫生学院建设为契机，积极构建以实践为导向、多学科融合支撑、院校行业全过程协同的培养新模式。特别是针对增强学生突发公共卫生事件应急能力，学院探索线上与线下结合的混合式实践教学新路径，为预防医学专业本科生的实践能力培养提供了新的思路。
1　公共卫生混合式实践教学模式的设计
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实践教学基地作为培养公共卫生专业人才的重要环节，北京大学公共卫生学院在北京、青岛、深圳等国内多地建立了27个预防医学专业实践教学基地，在瑞士世界卫生组织、非洲马拉维、亚洲的格鲁吉亚和缅甸建立了4个海外教学科研基地，已经连续15年圆满完成预防医学长学制学生在基地的专业实践培训。在抗击新冠疫情的过程暴露了我国公共卫生教育存在很多问题和短板。以实践教学为例，我国公共卫生实践教学缺乏稳定、高质量、标准化的教学实践基地；缺少实践教学经费和相关资源保障；缺少高质量、实践性强案例教材；无法发挥、锻炼和提升学生现场实践和解决问题能力的作用[3]。尽管学院已经建立各类实践基地，但与其他院校一样仍不同程度地存在上述问题[4–5]，亟须进一步完善。
1.1　重构实践型育人方式
本研究的实践教学设计理念是整合校内与校外实践教学资源，加强校外专业实习与校内理论教学的衔接，形成系统性和整体性的实践教学体系，构建以胜任力为导向的专业实践培养体系。内容涵盖两个部分，第一部分是实践基地轮转教学：学生深入基层公共卫生领域，展开时长9周的基层实践，同时通过8个精心设计的实践微课程（共计16次课），拓展专业前沿知识、强化关键技能；第二部分是公共卫生实践科研培训：结合专业实践经历，学生利用3个月左右时间在基地教师和学校导师的共同指导下，完成实践专题报告，将理论与实践深度融合。这两大板块共同构建了一个完善的实践教学体系。本研究在整合原有实践教学基地的基础上，充分考虑实践教学的目的、不同实践基地的特色，充分发挥混合式教学的形式多样性、学习机动性等优势，打破时间、空间的限制，着重探讨以传统基地实践为主线、以实践微课程为升华、以实践案例考核为检验的新型实践教学模式改革成效。该模式高度重视对传染病防控处置能力的培养，充分发挥不同实践基地的专长。
1.2　建设实践教学课程体系（表1）
实践基地教学具体分为实践微课程、实操巩固、工作周记实践案例考核3部分，共安排10周时间，其中基地实践环节9周。8个实践微课程的主题侧重基地实践的热点领域，每个主题都从现场实践技能、前沿知识进展两个角度安排针对性的专题报告，共计16次课（表1），旨在弥补不同实习基地教学内容的差异，升华凝练实践教学的技能和知识，拓展公共卫生前沿进展和热点话题。实操巩固，是将实践内容按业务分为四大模块，包括传染病控制、慢性病控制与管理、公共卫生监测的管理和实验室检测，模块内的科室分配根据各教学基地的具体情况而定。通过为期9周的基层实践，掌握基本的公共卫生实践操作和技能，解决实际生活中的公共卫生问题。工作周记实践案例考核是指前6周，在保证不影响每个基地各自特色教学的前提下，全面培养和锻炼流行病学调查、健康教育等公共卫生基本技能。实践过程中，要求学生完成“基地实践日志”，并鼓励发挥学生创造力，用文字、图片、微视频等形式记录基地学习和收获，定期在班级内部线上分享交流。后面4周，各组学生同步开始线上实践微课程，从理论和进展两方面丰富提升实践能力。
1.3　采用实践教学“双师制”培养
教学部分的师资由教学基地富有实战经验的教师和北京大学公共卫生学院的师资共同担任，实行“同一堂课双教师”的设置，一方面发挥学院教师理论积累丰富的优势，另一方面发挥基地教师实践经验多样的特点，从而实现从理论和实践两个层面满足学生培养的需求，同时又从师资建设角度磨合形成最优的教学梯队。学院建立“双师”沟通机制，定期召开“双师”联席会议，讨论学生在实习过程中遇到的问题和困难，共同制定解决方案。通过“双师制”培养，共同强化学生实践技能培养，在学校内加强实验、实训教学，提高学生的基本实验技能。在实习过程中，注重引导学生将所学理论知识与实践工作相结合，培养学生的综合实践能力。
1.4　优化实践教学效果评价
实践成绩考核充分切合实践基地与课程设置的初衷，以实践能力考核为主，具体包括3部分考核，总分设置为100分：教师对学生实践参与的评价（占10%），学生参与程度和表现的互评（占10%），实践案例考核（占80%）。实践案例考核部分设置案例分析、个体防护、样本采集与检测、卫生处理、流行病学调查、虚拟仿真实验6个部分。实践案例考核要求学生以组为单位，围绕实践教学所涉及的领域，自行选择一个案例/话题/场景，梳理相关基础知识及国内外进展，结合公共卫生专业特色加以解读和运用。现场以汇报形式开展实践案例分享，充分考核同学对实践问题的深入思考和系统研判能力。
2　混合式实践教学效果评价
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2.1　实施与效果评价方法
本实践教学模式首次在2018级预防医学长学制本科生中实施。采用问卷与访谈相结合评价教学模式效果。问卷部分在第一节课前与最后一次课后，利用问卷星收集学生的课程反馈。反馈内容包括学生对授课内容的掌握情况、课程满意度及完善建议。访谈部分基于问卷分析结果，针对性了解学生的课程建议。分类变量采用频数（构成比）描述，采用χ2检验比较组间差异。采用R统计软件，以双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.2　实施效果与访谈结果（表2）
共86名学生完成课前调查，其中男生35人（40.7%）；共52名学生完成课后调查，其中男生23人（44.2%）。全部小组均完成了基地实践日志的撰写，并持续完成了每周线上分享及组间讨论交流。100%的学生认为课程符合预期，其中完全符合的比例达15.7%。98.1%的学生对课程满意，其中非常满意的比例达15.4%。实践案例考核中，共汇报8个案例，主题分别是“鼠疫耶尔森菌起源探索”“国际新冠病毒感染疫情防控措施优化及其对我国的启示”“2022年不明原因儿童急性肝炎病因探索”“布鲁菌病防控难点及应对策略”“大数据在疾病监测中的应用”“西南某地不明原因疾病调查”“新冠病毒感染疫情中高校聚集性疫情的处置”和“中国不同发展阶段大气污染防控重点和难点”，每个案例都配备了基地与高校至少两位教师全程指导答疑。学生整体表现非常积极，各组汇报思路各有特色，语言组织流畅，问题分析逻辑清晰、专业结合紧密，不少小组提出了深度的思考和建议，如对于疫情污名化、甲类传染病的特殊性等。汇报老师也在内容深度、政策建议适用性等方面提出优化建议；学生反馈“这种模式既锻炼了文献查阅的科研技能，又启发同学们对于当下发生的时事通过查找证据得出自己的结论”。
2.3　学生综合成绩比较
在教学改革之前，考核方式仅依赖于实践结束后的单一综合考试。而教学改革之后，考核方式变得更加全面和多元。鉴于授课教师团队保持不变，且核心知识点与教学大纲内容在本质上维持一致，并采用严格控制成绩分布的措施，以此有效平衡难度差异。基于上述措施，教学改革前后的学生成绩具有高度的可比性。2018级学生的平均成绩为（86.942±4.847）分，高于2017级学生的（85.138±4.944）分，差异有统计学意义（t= –2.423，P=0.016）。表明混合式实践教学改革对学生平均成绩的提升产生了积极影响，为公共卫生专业的实践改革提供了参考与借鉴。
3　混合式实践教学的思考与挑战
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专业实践是实战型公共卫生人才培养的重要环节，目前院校教育与实践基地实践相融合已成为培养公共卫生人才的主要方式。本研究探索了一种“基地实践教学–实践微课程–实践案例考核”的混合式实践教学模式，评价发现学生的接受度高、知识提升效果较好，实践能力考核得当，学生互动反馈积极。此外，建成了国内第一套公共卫生实践系列微课，使学生既掌握技能又能同时了解领域进展。本研究的探索主要是基于新冠感染背景，以实战型公共卫生人才为培养目标，对传统实践教学模式及效果提出了巨大挑战。
3.1　设置面向实际需求的实践教学内容
实践教学内容设置是否合理、考核是否完善，将直接影响公共卫生人才培养目标的实现。从内容上，实践教学应该着力培养和训练学生发现、分析和解决问题以及团队协作及时应对和防控突发疫情的实战能力[6]。以慢性病调研为载体的实践模式，显然无法满足新冠病毒感染对预防医学专业本科生的能力需求[7]。本研究在课程设计初期，就高度重视传染病防控技能的培训，开设了新冠感染、鼠疫、布鲁菌病等传染病内容，后续调查中部分学生想进一步补充传染病的内容，体现了学生群体对于传染病相关培养目标的兴趣基础浓厚，为教学内容进一步丰富完善提供了重要支撑和信心。
3.2　构建“线上导学–线下研学–线上促学”3 阶段混合式教学方式
通过本次调查，教学形式上进行了改革创新，学生可应用线上资源，了解预防医学基本知识。结合线上资源，观看微课视频、经典案例等，学习期间实时交流讨论，提出问题、反馈难点，熟悉本领域的发展动态和未来趋势。教师线下开展翻转课堂等活动，通过模拟案例分析、现场检测和应急处置等公共卫生专项培训，将理论知识转化成实践能力。通过展示作品、小组共创、成效评价和反思复盘，激发学生积极性和学习兴趣，持续提升学生能力发展、知识建构和素质养成。混合式教学使得学生享有充分的自主学习权，但学生没有较强的自主学习能力，学习效果难以保证。本研究还发现极少部分学生未完成某些主题的学习内容，与既往多项研究的发现一致[8–10]。为此，后续课程需要进一步做好教学过程的跟踪管理，同时也需丰富授课形式，通过设计互动活动（如测试题、抢答、感受留言等）最大程度地调动学生参与互动的积极性，有效提高教学效率。
3.3　加强公共卫生“双师型”教师队伍建设
教师作为教学的主体，其知识结构决定了学生的知识来源[9]，因此授课团队的组建至关重要。但是，目前包括北京大学在内的全国各公共卫生学院，实践型教师队伍建设机制很不完善，实践型师资人员缺乏和教学业务能力欠缺已经成为人才培养质量提升的重要瓶颈[10]。目前，高校青年教师大多理论水平和科研能力较强，却缺乏在疾病预防控制中心等单位的工作经历，对公共卫生机构的工作内容了解甚少。部分教师无预防医学背景，不具备以公共卫生思维培养学生解决实际问题的能力[10]。为此，本研究参考既往研究思路[9]，尝试积极牵手传染病、地方病防控经验丰富、设施建设水平高的各实践基地，充分利用基地经验丰富的专业技术人员，再加上高校教师对同领域的前沿知识补充介绍，从实战与前沿两个视角满足学生的学习需求和培养要求。调查还发现鲜活的现场案例及实际工作经验，使得学生更加深入地学习了解一线工作内容和要求。
3.4　建立全过程的实践教学评价体系
提升学生和基地带教师资对实习意义的认识和学习主动性是改善实习效果的关键，因此建立了全过程的教学评价体系，以及相关激励措施。前期强化实习前的教育和引导、实习过程中建立实习反馈和激励机制以及鼓励自主学习和团队合作等措施，进而激发学生的学习主动性。同时，学院通过加强带教老师的培训和教育、明确其职责和期望、建立互动平台、表彰优秀带教老师，以此提升带教老师对实习带教的认识和投入。在考核形式上，实践教学的考核必然要考查学生的实战能力，而传统的笔试方式很难反映学生分析问题、解决问题、团队协作等能力[11]。本研究采用过程评价与终末评价相结合的方式。专门设计了“我的实践日志”，让学生们以文字、照片、视频等各种形式记录自己在基地的工作和生活，并在班级群内分享讨论，形成了积极主动而又融洽的学习氛围。同时也作为过程性评价的一部分纳入考核。终末评价采用实践案例考核的形式，让学生选择感兴趣的话题，以团队为单位集体查阅资料、拟定解决思路和汇报框架，并配备高校教师与实践基地教师各1人，为学生解疑答惑。案例汇报阶段，通过教师、学生的多方提问交流，深化案例的知识点与指导价值。学生反馈“这部分对于今后就业以及我们如何认识公卫人在社会中的贡献有很大帮助”，很好地达到了课程设计的既定目标。
3.5　亟须搭建完善高水平公共卫生实践教学平台
为了满足学生多样化的学习需求，在与公共卫生机构、医疗机构等建立合作关系，搭建实践教学基地的基础上，学院正在建设全过程、高水平实践教学平台。平台内容包括立体化教材、公共卫生案例库、实践教学在线课程、虚拟仿真课程等内容。实践教学也需要相应教材，但目前我国尚缺乏配套的案例教材。因此学院正着力打造公共卫生案例库，通过把国内外历次重大突发公共卫生事件和重大疫情防控救治的经验与教训总结成案例，帮助学生从中建立概念、学习经验、汲取教训、形成预案，让案例教学成为公共卫生实践教学的重要补充。此外，学院已经建设成一批虚拟仿真课程，比如“食品卫生HACCP（即危害分析与关键控制点）虚拟仿真实验”课程的建设，将短时间无法经历和切身体验的食品安全链条，及肉眼不可见的系统内部变化以虚拟仿真形式体现。学院基于搭建的高水平公共卫生实践教学平台，打破学科边界，加强公共卫生学科与实践教学基地和其他学科育人资源的共建共享，提高实践教学资源的利用效率。
本研究不足之处主要是仅对混合式实践教学模式展开了一轮应用，后续考虑继续在北京大学公共卫生学院推进完善该实践教学模式。
公共卫生实践教学对于培养预防医学专业本科生的实战能力至关重要，在疫情后时代，更应该不断改革与创新，本研究所探讨的实战型公共卫生人才培养目标下“基地实践教学–实践微课程–实践案例考核”的混合式实践教学模式，为公共卫生实践教学改革提供了建设思路和有益参考。

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2025年第41卷第5期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145887
  • 接收时间：2024-09-09
  • 首发时间：2026-10-25
  • 出版时间：2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-09
  • 修回日期：2024-12-16
  • 录用日期：2025-04-11
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    北京大学公共卫生学院，北京 100191

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许雅君，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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