Article(id=1321169704060834635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169668631548508, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1145591, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722441600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-01, revisedDate=1726070400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-12, acceptedDate=1745251200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-22, onlineDate=1792921003593, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921003593, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921003593, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921003593, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169668631548508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='9', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757433600000', pubDateStr='2025-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792920995147, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792920995147, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1124, endPage=1128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169704270549836, articleId=1321169704060834635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis of hepatitis A and B incidence trends in China, 2004–2020, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the trends in hepatitis A (HA) and hepatitis B (HB) incidence in China and provide evidence for scientific prevention and control.

Methods

Data on HA and HB incidence from 2004 to 2020 were collected from the Public Health Science Data Center for 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China′s mainland . Joinpoint regression and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) models were used to analyze the overall trends, age, period, and birth cohort effects of HA and HB.

Results

The overall incidence of HA showed a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2020 (AAPC= –11.23%, 95%CI: –13.32% to –9.09%), with decreasing trends observed in both 2004–2012 (EAPC= –15.47%, 95%CI: –18.57% to –12.24%) and 2012–2020 (EAPC= –6.79%, 95%CI: –10.21% to –3.23%). The overall incidence of HB showed no significant trend from 2004 to 2020 (AAPC= –0.43%, 95%CI: –2.95%–2.17%). From 2004 to 2020, the highest HA incidence rates were observed in the 5–9 (71 223 cases, 5.34/100 000), 0–4 (53 493 cases, 3.92/100 000), and 10-14 (48 481 cases, 3.49/100 000) age groups. The age group with the highest HA incidence shifted from younger age groups (≤14 years) in 2004 to older age groups (≥75 years) after 2017. From 2004 to 2020, the highest HB incidence rates were observed in the 25–29 (1 981 536 cases, 114.46/100 000), 30–34 (1 878 450 cases, 110.13/100 000), and 50–54 (1 500 335 cases, 99.61/100 000) age groups. The age group with the highest HB incidence shifted from the 15–24 age group in 2004 to the 50–59 age group after 2016. The birth cohort risk of HA showed an inverted "V" shape, with a decreasing trend in those born after 2000 (P<0.05). The birth cohort risk of HB also showed an inverted "V" shape, with a decreasing trend in those born after 1995 (P<0.05).

Conclusions

After the inclusion of HA and HB vaccines in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China, the incidence rates in the target populations have decreased significantly. From 2004 to 2020, significant changes were observed in the high-risk populations for both HA and HB, with a trend towards higher age groups.

, authors=Tian LIU1, Zhiqiang LIN2, Quan XIANG1, Dexin RUAN1, Zhou QIN1, Jing ZHAO3, authorsList=Tian LIU, Zhiqiang LIN, Quan XIANG, Dexin RUAN, Zhou QIN, Jing ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHAO Jing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169707672130405, articleId=1321169704060834635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2004—2020年中国甲肝和乙肝发病趋势贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析中国甲肝和乙肝发病趋势变化,为科学防控提供依据。

方法

自公共卫生科学数据中心收集中国大陆31个省(自治区、直辖市)2004—2020年甲肝和乙肝发病数据。利用joinpoint回归、贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列(Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort,BAPC)模型分别对甲肝、乙肝总体趋势、年龄特征、时期特征和出生队列特征进行分析。

结果

2004—2020年甲肝总体呈下降趋势(AAPC= –11.23%,95%CI= –13.32%~–9.09%),其中2004—2012年(EAPC= –15.47%,95%CI= –18.57%~–12.24%)、2012—2020年(EAPC= –6.79%,95%CI= –10.21%~–3.23%)甲肝均呈下降趋势。2004—2020年乙肝总体无明显趋势变化(AAPC= –0.43%,95%CI= –2.95%~2.17%)。2004—2020年全国甲肝总体发病率以5~9岁(71 223例,5.34/10万)、0~4岁(53 493例,3.92/10万)、10~14岁(48 481例,3.49/10万)年龄组最高;甲肝高发年龄由2004年低年龄组(≤14岁)转向2017年后的高年龄组(≥75岁)。2004—2020年全国乙肝总体发病率以25~29岁(1 981 536例,114.46/10万)、30~34岁(1 878 450例,110.13/10万)、50~54岁(1 500 335例,99.61/10万)年龄组最高;乙肝高发年龄由2004年15~24岁年龄组转向2016年后的50~59岁年龄组。甲肝出生队列发病风险呈倒“V”型,2000年后出生人群发病风险逐年下降(P<0.05)。乙肝出生队列发病风险呈倒“V”型,1995年后出生人群发病风险逐年下降(P<0.05)。

结论

我国甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗纳入扩大免疫规划(EPI)后,目标人群发病率明显下降;2004—2020年我国甲肝、乙肝高发人群均出现了明显变化,高发年龄均出现向高年龄组转移的趋势。

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刘天(1991—),副主任医师,研究方向:急性传染病防制

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赵婧, E-mail:
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刘天(1991—),副主任医师,研究方向:急性传染病防制

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注:a:2004—2020年全国甲肝逐年发病率joinpoint回归拟合结果;b:2004—2020年全国乙肝逐年发病率joinpoint回归拟合结果。

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2004—2020年中国甲肝和乙肝发病趋势贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列分析
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刘天 1 , 林志强 2 , 向泉 1 , 阮德欣 1 , 秦周 1 , 赵婧 3, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(9): 1124-1128
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (9) : 1124 -1128
2004—2020年中国甲肝和乙肝发病趋势贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列分析
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刘天1, 林志强2, 向泉1, 阮德欣1, 秦周1, 赵婧3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1荆州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,荆州 434000
  • 2荆州市中心医院公共卫生科,荆州 434000
  • 3中国疾病预防控制中心卫生应急中心(传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室),北京 102206
通讯作者:
赵婧, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘天(1991—),副主任医师,研究方向:急性传染病防制

Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis of hepatitis A and B incidence trends in China, 2004–2020
Tian LIU1, Zhiqiang LIN2, Quan XIANG1, Dexin RUAN1, Zhou QIN1, Jing ZHAO3
Affiliations
  • 1Department for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jingzhou 434000, China
  • 2Department of Public Health, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou 434000, China
  • 3Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases), Beijing 102206, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHAO Jing, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145591
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目的

分析中国甲肝和乙肝发病趋势变化,为科学防控提供依据。

方法

自公共卫生科学数据中心收集中国大陆31个省(自治区、直辖市)2004—2020年甲肝和乙肝发病数据。利用joinpoint回归、贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列(Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort,BAPC)模型分别对甲肝、乙肝总体趋势、年龄特征、时期特征和出生队列特征进行分析。

结果

2004—2020年甲肝总体呈下降趋势(AAPC= –11.23%,95%CI= –13.32%~–9.09%),其中2004—2012年(EAPC= –15.47%,95%CI= –18.57%~–12.24%)、2012—2020年(EAPC= –6.79%,95%CI= –10.21%~–3.23%)甲肝均呈下降趋势。2004—2020年乙肝总体无明显趋势变化(AAPC= –0.43%,95%CI= –2.95%~2.17%)。2004—2020年全国甲肝总体发病率以5~9岁(71 223例,5.34/10万)、0~4岁(53 493例,3.92/10万)、10~14岁(48 481例,3.49/10万)年龄组最高;甲肝高发年龄由2004年低年龄组(≤14岁)转向2017年后的高年龄组(≥75岁)。2004—2020年全国乙肝总体发病率以25~29岁(1 981 536例,114.46/10万)、30~34岁(1 878 450例,110.13/10万)、50~54岁(1 500 335例,99.61/10万)年龄组最高;乙肝高发年龄由2004年15~24岁年龄组转向2016年后的50~59岁年龄组。甲肝出生队列发病风险呈倒“V”型,2000年后出生人群发病风险逐年下降(P<0.05)。乙肝出生队列发病风险呈倒“V”型,1995年后出生人群发病风险逐年下降(P<0.05)。

结论

我国甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗纳入扩大免疫规划(EPI)后,目标人群发病率明显下降;2004—2020年我国甲肝、乙肝高发人群均出现了明显变化,高发年龄均出现向高年龄组转移的趋势。

甲肝  /  乙肝  /  joinpoint回归  /  贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列
Objective

To analyze the trends in hepatitis A (HA) and hepatitis B (HB) incidence in China and provide evidence for scientific prevention and control.

Methods

Data on HA and HB incidence from 2004 to 2020 were collected from the Public Health Science Data Center for 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China′s mainland . Joinpoint regression and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) models were used to analyze the overall trends, age, period, and birth cohort effects of HA and HB.

Results

The overall incidence of HA showed a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2020 (AAPC= –11.23%, 95%CI: –13.32% to –9.09%), with decreasing trends observed in both 2004–2012 (EAPC= –15.47%, 95%CI: –18.57% to –12.24%) and 2012–2020 (EAPC= –6.79%, 95%CI: –10.21% to –3.23%). The overall incidence of HB showed no significant trend from 2004 to 2020 (AAPC= –0.43%, 95%CI: –2.95%–2.17%). From 2004 to 2020, the highest HA incidence rates were observed in the 5–9 (71 223 cases, 5.34/100 000), 0–4 (53 493 cases, 3.92/100 000), and 10-14 (48 481 cases, 3.49/100 000) age groups. The age group with the highest HA incidence shifted from younger age groups (≤14 years) in 2004 to older age groups (≥75 years) after 2017. From 2004 to 2020, the highest HB incidence rates were observed in the 25–29 (1 981 536 cases, 114.46/100 000), 30–34 (1 878 450 cases, 110.13/100 000), and 50–54 (1 500 335 cases, 99.61/100 000) age groups. The age group with the highest HB incidence shifted from the 15–24 age group in 2004 to the 50–59 age group after 2016. The birth cohort risk of HA showed an inverted "V" shape, with a decreasing trend in those born after 2000 (P<0.05). The birth cohort risk of HB also showed an inverted "V" shape, with a decreasing trend in those born after 1995 (P<0.05).

Conclusions

After the inclusion of HA and HB vaccines in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China, the incidence rates in the target populations have decreased significantly. From 2004 to 2020, significant changes were observed in the high-risk populations for both HA and HB, with a trend towards higher age groups.

hepatitis A  /  hepatitis B  /  joinpoint regression  /  Bayesian age-period-cohort
刘天, 林志强, 向泉, 阮德欣, 秦周, 赵婧. 2004—2020年中国甲肝和乙肝发病趋势贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (9) : 1124 -1128 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145591
Tian LIU, Zhiqiang LIN, Quan XIANG, Dexin RUAN, Zhou QIN, Jing ZHAO. Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis of hepatitis A and B incidence trends in China, 2004–2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (9) : 1124 -1128 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145591
病毒性肝炎是由多种肝炎病毒感染引起,以肝脏损害为主的一组全身性传染病。目前按病原学明确分类的有甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型、戊型、庚型6型肝炎病毒[1]。6型病毒性肝炎中,乙型病毒性肝炎(简称“乙肝”)、甲型病毒性肝炎(简称“甲肝”)疫苗分别于2002年、2008年纳入国家扩大免疫规划(Expanded Program Immunization, EPI)[2–3]。比较疫苗纳入EPI前后疾病流行特征变化,是评价乙肝疫苗、甲肝疫苗效果常用方法。既往研究常采用横断面调查[4–5]、回顾性队列分析[6–7]等方法,分析不同时期、不同年龄和不同队列人群发病率的变化,探讨疫苗纳入EPI后的疾病流行特征变化。但时期、年龄和出生年份任一因素单独分析往往受其他两个因素的混杂影响,控制混杂影响是科学探讨疫苗作用的关键[8]。年龄–时期–出生队列(age-period-cohort, APC)分析目前已被广泛应用于艾滋病[9]、肺结核[10]等传染病的研究,但在甲肝、乙肝中的应用较少。受限于数据,本研究利用贝叶斯年龄–时期–出生队列(bayesian age-period-cohort, BAPC)分析,同时引入joinpoint回归模型方法,探讨中国2004—2020年甲肝、乙肝发病趋势变化,并探究年龄、时期及出生队列3个因素在疫苗纳入EPI后的变化,以期能够为我国甲肝和乙肝防控工作提供参考依据。
自公共卫生科学数据中心收集中国大陆31个省(自治区、直辖市)2004—2020年甲肝、乙肝逐年分年龄发病数、发病率数据。利用公式人口数=发病数/发病率计算得到各年龄组人口数。
利用joinpoint回归模型分析甲肝和乙肝发病率长期趋势变化;利用BAPC分析年龄、时期和出生队列在甲肝和乙肝发病率的流行特征。
相比于传统单一回归模型,joinpoint回归可以识别出疾病发病率趋势中具有统计学意义的变化区段,在一定程度上避免了描述性分析中的主观判断[11]。该方法通过计算每个趋势区段的平均年变化百分比(AAPC)、估计年变化百分比(EAPC)和相应的95%置信区间(CI),并使用蒙特卡洛模拟进行显著性检验。本研究以人群为基础分析肝炎发病率的趋势变化,因变量服从泊松分布,最终选定对数线性模型。使用网格搜索法(grid search method, GSM)确定最优连接点个数。当APC>或<0时,分别呈现单调上升或下降的趋势。
该方法是在传统APC模型基础上演变而来。该模型克服了传统APC年龄、时期和出生队列必须等距(如年龄5岁为一组时,时期必须为5年间隔)的缺陷,建模更加灵活。传统APC模型是对数线性poisson回归模型,公式为:
$ \log \left( {{Y_{ap}}} \right) = \mu+ {\alpha _a} + {\beta _p} + {\gamma _c} + {\varepsilon _{ap}} \text{,} $
其中$ {Y_{ap}} $是年龄组a和时间段p的发病率或死亡率;$ \mu $是整体的截距项;$ {\alpha _a} $是年龄效应,表示不同年龄组对发病率或死亡率的影响;$ {\beta _p} $是时期效应,表示不同时间段对发病率或死亡率的影响;$ {\gamma _c} $是队列效应,表示不同出生队列对发病率或死亡率的影响,通常由年龄和时期决定,即$ c = p - a $,$ {\varepsilon _{ap}} $是随机误差项[12]。BAPC模型建模包括设定先验分布、构建似然函数、从后验分布抽取样本估计效应3步。本研究使用随机游走一阶先验模型;似然函数设定为所有观测值的联合概率,即所有年龄组和时间段的泊松分布的乘积;后验分布抽取样本采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)算法进行[13]。本研究年龄组为5岁一组,包括0~、5~、10~、......、85~共18个年龄组;时期为2004—2020年共17年;出生队列为1919—2020年共102年。以40~44岁、2012年和1969年分别作为年龄、时期和出生队列参照组,计算RR值,再计算RR值的后验分布的百分位数,得到95%CI。
利用Excel 365收集整理数据,joinpoint4.8.0.1软件用于joinpoint回归模型建立,R4.3.1用于BAPC模型建立。检验水准α=0.05。
GSM确定甲肝、乙肝数据连接点数分别为1和3个。2004—2020年甲肝总体呈下降趋势(AAPC= –11.23%,95%CI= –13.32%~–9.09%),其中2004—2012年(EAPC= –15.47%,95%CI= –18.57%~–12.24%)、2012—2020年(EAPC= –6.79%,95%CI= –10.21%~–3.23%)甲肝均呈下降趋势。2004—2020年乙肝总体无明显趋势变化(AAPC= –0.43%,95%CI= –2.95%~2.17%);其中2004—2007年呈上升趋势(EAPC=9.53%,95%CI=2.80%~16.70%),2007—2015年呈下降趋势(EAPC= –3.68%,95%CI= –5.30%~–2.04%),2015年后趋势变化无统计学意义。
2004—2020年全国甲肝总体发病率以5~9岁(71 223例,5.34/10万)、0~4岁(53 493例,3.92/10万)、10~14岁(48 481例,3.49/10万)年龄组最高,≥85岁年龄组发病率(3 064例,2.744/10万)最低。比较2004—2008年、2009—2020年不同年龄组发病率变化,所有年龄组发病率均呈下降趋势,下降幅度介于32.83%~84.23%;发病率下降幅度最大的年龄组为5~9岁(84.23%)、10~14岁(77.84%)、20~24岁(77.41%),下降幅度最小的年龄组为≥85岁(32.83%)。从年龄发病率顺位随年份变化趋势来看,甲肝高发年龄由2004年低年龄组转向2017年后的高年龄组。2004—2020年全国乙肝总体发病率以25~29岁(1 981 536例,114.46/10万)、30~34岁(1 878 450例,110.13/10万)、50~54岁(1 500 335例,99.61/10万)年龄组最高,0~4岁年龄组发病率(78 620例,5.77/10万)最低。比较2004—2008年、2009—2020年不同年龄组发病率变化,≤29岁年龄组发病率下降,≥45岁人群发病率上升。从年龄发病率顺位随年份变化趋势来看,乙肝高发年龄由2004年15~24岁年龄组转向2016年后的50~59岁年龄组。
总体来看,2004—2020年全国甲肝年龄分布呈U型,<15岁和≥65岁人群发病风险高;时期分布来看,甲肝发病风险随着年份增加,发病风险呈逐年下降趋势;出生队列发病风险呈倒“V”型,2000年后出生人群发病风险逐年下降(P<0.05)。2004—2020年全国乙肝年龄分布呈波动上升趋势,≥45年龄组较40~44岁参照组发病风险更高(P<0.05);与joinpoint回归结果类似,乙肝发病率无明显趋势变化,维持较高发病水平;出生出列发病风险呈倒“V”型,1995年后出生人群发病风险逐年下降(P<0.05)。
Joinpoint回归联合APC分析探讨疾病的趋势变化是目前热门分析方法,能很好地探讨疾病在不同维度趋势变化。但APC分析对数据有较高要求,目前在甲肝及乙肝趋势分析中的应用常见于时间跨度更长的GBD预测数据[14]或针对0~9岁低年龄人群的分析[15],但上述分析往往存在数据准确性差、全面性不够等问题。本研究基于中国疾病预防控制中心研发的《传染病监测信息系统》的疾病资料,利用BAPC联合joinpoint回归分析全国甲肝、乙肝发病趋势变化,数据准确性好,分析更全面,结果更可信。分析结果显示,2004—2020年全国甲肝发病率总体呈下降趋势。分阶段来看,2012年前下降幅度更大,这与甲肝疫苗纳入EPI[16]、卫生条件和生活方式的改善等[17]多种因素有关。从出生队列来看,2000年后出生人群发病风险随着年份增加逐年下降,提示我国EPI实施对目标人群发挥了很好的保护作用,与其他研究结果一致[16, 18–19]。2012年后全国甲肝发病趋势下降趋缓,提示2012年后随着疫苗接种、卫生条件改善措施等综合措施使得易感人群降至一定水平;现行措施对易感人群仍能发挥一定保护作用,但保护作用和保护效果有所下降。分年龄来看,2012年后高年龄组人群逐渐成为甲肝的高发人群,该人群非甲肝疫苗覆盖人群,且免疫力下降[20],这给我国甲肝防控带来更大挑战。为进一步降低我国甲肝流行,今后有必要针对高年龄人群免疫策略开展进一步研究[4]。
Joinpoint回归和BAPC分析结果均显示,2004—2020年全国乙肝发病率总体无明显趋势变化,这与Zhang M Y等[21]研究结果一致,提示乙肝仍然是我国重大公共卫生问题,防控形势依然严峻。从流行特征来看,≥45岁人群较40~44岁乙肝发病风险更高;且乙肝高发年龄呈现向高年龄组转移的趋势,一方面提示我国未来乙肝防控的重点应以高年龄人群为主;另一方面也反映出我国乙肝疫苗接种策略效果显著。我国自1992年以来为新生儿免费接种乙肝疫苗,至2020年≤35岁较40~44岁发病风险低;同时出生队列分析显示1995年后出生人群发病风险逐年下降,以上结果相互印证,说明乙肝疫苗对我国适龄儿童发挥了很好的保护作用。但值得注意的是,2010年后出生人群乙肝发病风险下降趋缓。一项模型研究结果显示,围生期抗病毒预防是影响我国实现世界卫生组织2030年儿童乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)感染率降至0.1%目标的主要影响因素,需将2030年成功阻断覆盖率扩大到80%或90%方可确保我国如期实现该目标[22],这可能是我国进一步降低低年龄人群乙肝发病率的关键。
综上所述,我国甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗纳入EPI后,目标人群发病率明显下降,为甲肝、乙肝的控制发挥了关键作用。2004—2020年我国甲肝、乙肝高发人群均出现了明显变化,高发年龄均出现向高年龄组转移的趋势,我国应针对新特征实施更有针对性的防控措施。

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2025年第41卷第9期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145591
  • 接收时间:2024-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-01
  • 修回日期:2024-09-12
  • 录用日期:2025-04-22
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    1荆州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,荆州 434000
    2荆州市中心医院公共卫生科,荆州 434000
    3中国疾病预防控制中心卫生应急中心(传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室),北京 102206

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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