Article(id=1321170694499581985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170520196895605, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1145398, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720454400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-09, revisedDate=1731859200000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-18, acceptedDate=1737648000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-24, onlineDate=1792921239733, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921239733, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921239733, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921239733, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170520196895605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='257', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741536000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921198175, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921198175, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=340, endPage=348, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170694868680738, articleId=1321170694499581985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Effect of daily average temperature on years of life lost due to non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To understand the impact of daily average temperature on years of life lost (YLL) due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and to provide scientific evidence for reducing the loss of life expectancy caused by daily average temperature. Methods Mortality surveillance data for residents reported from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, were collected from seven mortality surveillance sites (Tianshan district, Urumqi city; Karamay district, Karamay city; Yizhou district, Hami city; Korla city; Hotan county; Artux city; and Tacheng city) in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region through the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Population Mortality Information Reporting System. Air quality data from the National Environmental Expertise Service Platform and meteorological data from the Climate Center of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Meteorological Bureau for the same period were also collected. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of daily average temperature on residents' YLL and the lag effect. Subgroup analyses were conducted for different genders and age groups to identify sensitive populations. Results A total of 57 094 non-accidental deaths and 26 8484 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths were reported in the seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2019. The daily average YLL values for non-accidental deaths and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths were (795.18±210.15) years and (332.15±111.58) years, respectively. The YLL values for both non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths showed a certain degree of seasonal fluctuation with daily average temperature from 2015 to 2019 in the seven surveillance sites. The trends in YLL for both causes of death were opposite to the temperature trend, with the highest YLL values occurring in January and December. DLNM analysis showed that the effect of high temperature (>22.57 °C) on the overall YLL was greatest on the day of exposure. For every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths increased by [16.021 (95%CI: 10.125–21.917)] years and [5.821 (95%CI: 2.579–9.063)] years, respectively. The effect of low temperature (<−1.04°C) on overall YLL had a lag effect, with the maximum effect occurring at lag 2 days for non-accidental deaths and lag 5 days for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths. For every 1°C decrease in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths at lag 2 days and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths at lag 5 days increased by [9.126 (95%CI: 0.872–17.053)] years and [2.739 (95%CI:0.983~5.086)] years, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of high temperature (>22.57 °C) on YLL was greatest on the day of exposure for both males and females. For every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths in males on the day of exposure increased by [7.559 (95%CI: 3.161–11.956)] years, and the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in females on the day of exposure increased by [8.462 (95%CI: 4.994–11.930)] years and [3.589 (95%CI: 1.862–5.315)] person-years, respectively. The effect of low temperature (<−1.04 °C) on YLL had a lag effect for both males and females, with the maximum effect occurring at lag 3 days for non-accidental deaths in males and at lag 2 days for non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in females. For every 1 °C decrease in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths at lag 3 days in males increased by [6.831 (95%CI: 0.657–13.625)] years, and the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths at lag 7 days and lag 6 days in females increased by [4.530 (95%CI: 0.235–7.864)] years and [1.824 (95%CI: 0.189–3.382)] years, respectively. The effect of high temperature (>22.57 °C) on YLL was greatest on the day of exposure for both residents aged <65 years and ≥65 years. For every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths on the day of exposure increased by [8.487 (95%CI: 3.398–13.577)] years for residents aged <65 years, and the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths on the day of exposure increased by [7.524 (95%CI: 4.949–10.099)] person-years and [3.690 (95%CI: 1.884–5.497)] person-years, respectively, for residents aged ≥65 years. The effect of low temperature (< −1.04 °C) on YLL had a lag effect for both residents aged <65 years and ≥65 years, with the maximum effect occurring at lag 3 days for non-accidental deaths in residents aged <65 years and on the day of exposure for non-accidental deaths and at lag 4 days for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in residents aged ≥65 years. For every 1 °C decrease in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths at lag 3 days in residents aged <65 years increased by [4.235 (95%CI: 1.583–9.648)] years, and the YLL due to non-accidental deaths on the day of exposure and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths at lag 4 days in residents aged ≥65 years increased by [8.277 (95%CI: 1.885–14.668)] years and [2.855 (95%CI: 0.273–5.192)] years, respectively. Conclusions Both high and low temperatures increase YLL in residents of the seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, with a lag effect. Females and residents aged ≥65 years are sensitive populations.

, authors=Xixi DENG1, Peihua LIAO2, Yi ZHANG2, Tie WANG3, Wei ZHE2, authorsList=Xixi DENG, Peihua LIAO, Yi ZHANG, Tie WANG, Wei ZHE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei ZHE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHE Wei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170698551279671, articleId=1321170694499581985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL影响, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡早死所致生命损失年(YLL)的影响,为减少日均气温造成的居民寿命损失提供科学依据。

方法

收集中国疾病预防控制中心人口死亡信息报告系统中新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市天山区、克拉玛依市克拉玛依区、哈密市伊州区、库尔勒市、和田县、阿图什市和塔城市7个死因监测点2015年1月1日—2019年12月31日上报的居民死因监测数据以及同期国家环境专业知识服务平台空气质量数据和新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气候中心气象因素数据,应用分布滞后非线性模型(DLNM)定量分析日均气温对居民YLL的影响及滞后效应,并对不同性别和年龄居民进行亚组分析以确定敏感人群。

结果

新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年共报告非意外死亡57 094例和心脑血管系统疾病死亡26 848例,居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡每日平均YLL值分别为(795.18±210.15)年和(332.15±111.58)年。新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年日均气温与居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡的YLL值均呈一定的季节性波动,居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL的变化趋势与气温变化趋势相反,YLL值在1月份和12月份最高。DLNM分析结果显示,高温(>22.57℃)对总体居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日的效应值最大,日均气温每升高1℃,总体居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[16.021(95%CI=10.125~21.917)]年和[5.821(95%CI=2.579~9.063)]年;低温(< –1.04 ℃)对总体居民YLL值的影响则具有滞后性,非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡分别在滞后2 d和滞后5 d的效应值最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,居民滞后2 d非意外死亡和滞后5 d心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[9.126(95%CI=0.872~17.053)]年和[2.739(95%CI=0.983~5.086)]年。亚组分析结果显示,高温(>22.57℃)对男性居民和女性居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日的效应值均最大,日均气温每升高1℃,男性居民暴露当日非意外死亡的YLL值增加[7.559(95%CI=3.161~11.956)]年,女性居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[8.462(95%CI=4.994~11.930)]年和[3.589(95%CI=1.862~5.315)]年;低温(< –1.04 ℃)对男性居民和女性居民YLL值的影响则具有滞后性,男性居民非意外死亡在滞后3 d及女性居民非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡在滞后2 d的效应值均最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,男性居民滞后3 d非意外死亡的YLL值增加[6.831(95%CI=0.657~13.625)]年,女性居民滞后7 d和滞后6 d非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[4.530(95%CI=0.235~7.864)]年和[1.824(95%CI=0.189~3.382)]年;高温(>22.57℃)对<65岁居民和≥65岁居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日的效应值均最大,日均气温每升高1℃,<65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡的YLL值增加[8.487(95%CI=3.398~13.577)]年,≥65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[7.524(95%CI=4.949~10.099)]年和[3.690(95%CI=1.884~5.497)]年;低温(<–1.04 ℃)对<65岁居民和≥65岁居民YLL值的影响则具有滞后性,<65岁居民非意外死亡在滞后3 d及≥65岁居民非意外死亡在暴露当日和心脑血管疾病死亡在滞后4 d的效应值均最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,<65岁居民滞后3 d非意外死亡的YLL值增加[4.235(95%CI=1.583~9.648)]年,≥65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡和滞后4 d心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[8.277(95%CI=1.885~14.668)]年和[2.855(95%CI=0.273~5.192)]年。

结论

高温和低温均会增加新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点居民的YLL且存在滞后效应,其中女性和≥65岁居民为敏感人群。

, authors=邓希希1, 廖佩花2, 张艺2, 王铁3, 者炜2, *, *, authorsList=邓希希, 廖佩花, 张艺, 王铁, 者炜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=者炜, authorNote=

邓希希(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与统计学

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者炜,E-mail:
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邓希希(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与统计学

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邓希希(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与统计学

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figureFileSmall=sv2FsAe8BYwyXfX5N4AHTA==, figureFileBig=Ab9KYEBsQiS+f8GKzSPAwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170950402458494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170694499581985, language=CN, label=图7, caption=高温和低温对≥65岁居民意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡YLL影响的滞后效应, figureFileSmall=sv2FsAe8BYwyXfX5N4AHTA==, figureFileBig=Ab9KYEBsQiS+f8GKzSPAwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170950473761663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170694499581985, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Daily years of life lost (YLL) due to non-accidental deaths and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in residents of seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2019

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项目 $\bar x \pm s $MinP25MP75Max
非意外死亡795.18±210.15277.21639.80784.58920.941 733.18
 男性486.71±151.87117.48377.91474.57581.131 176.57
 女性308.46±119.7828.27220.23294.79382.48810.67
 <65岁472.33±175.6463.30340.74461.04578.381 225.08
 ≥65岁322.84±91.4874.42259.44315.32379.71767.90
心脑血管系统疾病死亡332.15±111.5865.73252.09320.49400.29799.42
 男性211.26±84.9920.96150.29202.59262.97517.53
 女性120.89±61.240.0076.85113.09158.11358.63
 <65岁173.40±88.650.00106.80164.52228.07547.93
 ≥65岁158.75±59.820.00115.24155.33196.98450.68
), ArticleFig(id=1321170950540870528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170694499581985, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点居民2015—2019年非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡每日YLL/年

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项目 $\bar x \pm s $MinP25MP75Max
非意外死亡795.18±210.15277.21639.80784.58920.941 733.18
 男性486.71±151.87117.48377.91474.57581.131 176.57
 女性308.46±119.7828.27220.23294.79382.48810.67
 <65岁472.33±175.6463.30340.74461.04578.381 225.08
 ≥65岁322.84±91.4874.42259.44315.32379.71767.90
心脑血管系统疾病死亡332.15±111.5865.73252.09320.49400.29799.42
 男性211.26±84.9920.96150.29202.59262.97517.53
 女性120.89±61.240.0076.85113.09158.11358.63
 <65岁173.40±88.650.00106.80164.52228.07547.93
 ≥65岁158.75±59.820.00115.24155.33196.98450.68
), ArticleFig(id=1321170952201814913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170694499581985, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Basic characteristics of air pollutants and meteorological factors in seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类 $\bar x \pm s $MinP25MP75Max
大气污染物PM2.5/(μg/m3)52.26±31.8811.8029.1243.8267.61314.90
PM10/(μg/m3)142.30±93.3035.2090.73120.13161.531 214.60
CO/(mg/m3)1.18±0.570.390.740.991.543.31
O3/(μg/m3)87.35±27.1324.5663.8686.35108.62164.14
SO2/(μg/m3)11.83±8.063.387.5610.0913.8592.59
NO2/(μg/m3)32.91±11.4811.7123.8031.0140.47102.18
气象因素日均气温/℃10.80±12.91–16.53–1.0413.3822.5733.20
湿度/%48.60±13.9613.9637.7046.4859.1682.23
风速/(m/s)1.96±0.530.881.571.922.274.46
气压/hPa914.41±10.36731.16908.76914.40920.20939.94
), ArticleFig(id=1321170952273118082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170694499581985, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年大气污染物和气象因素基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类 $\bar x \pm s $MinP25MP75Max
大气污染物PM2.5/(μg/m3)52.26±31.8811.8029.1243.8267.61314.90
PM10/(μg/m3)142.30±93.3035.2090.73120.13161.531 214.60
CO/(mg/m3)1.18±0.570.390.740.991.543.31
O3/(μg/m3)87.35±27.1324.5663.8686.35108.62164.14
SO2/(μg/m3)11.83±8.063.387.5610.0913.8592.59
NO2/(μg/m3)32.91±11.4811.7123.8031.0140.47102.18
气象因素日均气温/℃10.80±12.91–16.53–1.0413.3822.5733.20
湿度/%48.60±13.9613.9637.7046.4859.1682.23
风速/(m/s)1.96±0.530.881.571.922.274.46
气压/hPa914.41±10.36731.16908.76914.40920.20939.94
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新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL影响
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邓希希 1 , 廖佩花 2 , 张艺 2 , 王铁 3 , 者炜 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(3): 340-348
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (3) : 340 -348
新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL影响
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邓希希1, 廖佩花2, 张艺2, 王铁3, 者炜2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 2新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐 830001
  • 3新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气候中心,乌鲁木齐 830002
通讯作者:
者炜,E-mail:
作者简介:

邓希希(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与统计学

Effect of daily average temperature on years of life lost due to non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Xixi DENG1, Peihua LIAO2, Yi ZHANG2, Tie WANG3, Wei ZHE2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
  • 2Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830001, China
  • 3Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Bureau Climate Centre, Urumqi 830002, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHE Wei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145398
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目的

了解新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡早死所致生命损失年(YLL)的影响,为减少日均气温造成的居民寿命损失提供科学依据。

方法

收集中国疾病预防控制中心人口死亡信息报告系统中新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市天山区、克拉玛依市克拉玛依区、哈密市伊州区、库尔勒市、和田县、阿图什市和塔城市7个死因监测点2015年1月1日—2019年12月31日上报的居民死因监测数据以及同期国家环境专业知识服务平台空气质量数据和新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气候中心气象因素数据,应用分布滞后非线性模型(DLNM)定量分析日均气温对居民YLL的影响及滞后效应,并对不同性别和年龄居民进行亚组分析以确定敏感人群。

结果

新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年共报告非意外死亡57 094例和心脑血管系统疾病死亡26 848例,居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡每日平均YLL值分别为(795.18±210.15)年和(332.15±111.58)年。新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年日均气温与居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡的YLL值均呈一定的季节性波动,居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL的变化趋势与气温变化趋势相反,YLL值在1月份和12月份最高。DLNM分析结果显示,高温(>22.57℃)对总体居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日的效应值最大,日均气温每升高1℃,总体居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[16.021(95%CI=10.125~21.917)]年和[5.821(95%CI=2.579~9.063)]年;低温(< –1.04 ℃)对总体居民YLL值的影响则具有滞后性,非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡分别在滞后2 d和滞后5 d的效应值最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,居民滞后2 d非意外死亡和滞后5 d心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[9.126(95%CI=0.872~17.053)]年和[2.739(95%CI=0.983~5.086)]年。亚组分析结果显示,高温(>22.57℃)对男性居民和女性居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日的效应值均最大,日均气温每升高1℃,男性居民暴露当日非意外死亡的YLL值增加[7.559(95%CI=3.161~11.956)]年,女性居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[8.462(95%CI=4.994~11.930)]年和[3.589(95%CI=1.862~5.315)]年;低温(< –1.04 ℃)对男性居民和女性居民YLL值的影响则具有滞后性,男性居民非意外死亡在滞后3 d及女性居民非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡在滞后2 d的效应值均最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,男性居民滞后3 d非意外死亡的YLL值增加[6.831(95%CI=0.657~13.625)]年,女性居民滞后7 d和滞后6 d非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[4.530(95%CI=0.235~7.864)]年和[1.824(95%CI=0.189~3.382)]年;高温(>22.57℃)对<65岁居民和≥65岁居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日的效应值均最大,日均气温每升高1℃,<65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡的YLL值增加[8.487(95%CI=3.398~13.577)]年,≥65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[7.524(95%CI=4.949~10.099)]年和[3.690(95%CI=1.884~5.497)]年;低温(<–1.04 ℃)对<65岁居民和≥65岁居民YLL值的影响则具有滞后性,<65岁居民非意外死亡在滞后3 d及≥65岁居民非意外死亡在暴露当日和心脑血管疾病死亡在滞后4 d的效应值均最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,<65岁居民滞后3 d非意外死亡的YLL值增加[4.235(95%CI=1.583~9.648)]年,≥65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡和滞后4 d心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[8.277(95%CI=1.885~14.668)]年和[2.855(95%CI=0.273~5.192)]年。

结论

高温和低温均会增加新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点居民的YLL且存在滞后效应,其中女性和≥65岁居民为敏感人群。

日均气温  /  早死所致生命损失年(YLL)  /  非意外死亡  /  心脑血管系统疾病死亡  /  影响  /  新疆维吾尔自治区

Objective To understand the impact of daily average temperature on years of life lost (YLL) due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and to provide scientific evidence for reducing the loss of life expectancy caused by daily average temperature. Methods Mortality surveillance data for residents reported from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, were collected from seven mortality surveillance sites (Tianshan district, Urumqi city; Karamay district, Karamay city; Yizhou district, Hami city; Korla city; Hotan county; Artux city; and Tacheng city) in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region through the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Population Mortality Information Reporting System. Air quality data from the National Environmental Expertise Service Platform and meteorological data from the Climate Center of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Meteorological Bureau for the same period were also collected. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of daily average temperature on residents' YLL and the lag effect. Subgroup analyses were conducted for different genders and age groups to identify sensitive populations. Results A total of 57 094 non-accidental deaths and 26 8484 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths were reported in the seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2019. The daily average YLL values for non-accidental deaths and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths were (795.18±210.15) years and (332.15±111.58) years, respectively. The YLL values for both non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths showed a certain degree of seasonal fluctuation with daily average temperature from 2015 to 2019 in the seven surveillance sites. The trends in YLL for both causes of death were opposite to the temperature trend, with the highest YLL values occurring in January and December. DLNM analysis showed that the effect of high temperature (>22.57 °C) on the overall YLL was greatest on the day of exposure. For every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths increased by [16.021 (95%CI: 10.125–21.917)] years and [5.821 (95%CI: 2.579–9.063)] years, respectively. The effect of low temperature (<−1.04°C) on overall YLL had a lag effect, with the maximum effect occurring at lag 2 days for non-accidental deaths and lag 5 days for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths. For every 1°C decrease in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths at lag 2 days and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths at lag 5 days increased by [9.126 (95%CI: 0.872–17.053)] years and [2.739 (95%CI:0.983~5.086)] years, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of high temperature (>22.57 °C) on YLL was greatest on the day of exposure for both males and females. For every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths in males on the day of exposure increased by [7.559 (95%CI: 3.161–11.956)] years, and the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in females on the day of exposure increased by [8.462 (95%CI: 4.994–11.930)] years and [3.589 (95%CI: 1.862–5.315)] person-years, respectively. The effect of low temperature (<−1.04 °C) on YLL had a lag effect for both males and females, with the maximum effect occurring at lag 3 days for non-accidental deaths in males and at lag 2 days for non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in females. For every 1 °C decrease in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths at lag 3 days in males increased by [6.831 (95%CI: 0.657–13.625)] years, and the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths at lag 7 days and lag 6 days in females increased by [4.530 (95%CI: 0.235–7.864)] years and [1.824 (95%CI: 0.189–3.382)] years, respectively. The effect of high temperature (>22.57 °C) on YLL was greatest on the day of exposure for both residents aged <65 years and ≥65 years. For every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths on the day of exposure increased by [8.487 (95%CI: 3.398–13.577)] years for residents aged <65 years, and the YLL due to non-accidental and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths on the day of exposure increased by [7.524 (95%CI: 4.949–10.099)] person-years and [3.690 (95%CI: 1.884–5.497)] person-years, respectively, for residents aged ≥65 years. The effect of low temperature (< −1.04 °C) on YLL had a lag effect for both residents aged <65 years and ≥65 years, with the maximum effect occurring at lag 3 days for non-accidental deaths in residents aged <65 years and on the day of exposure for non-accidental deaths and at lag 4 days for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths in residents aged ≥65 years. For every 1 °C decrease in daily average temperature, the YLL due to non-accidental deaths at lag 3 days in residents aged <65 years increased by [4.235 (95%CI: 1.583–9.648)] years, and the YLL due to non-accidental deaths on the day of exposure and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deaths at lag 4 days in residents aged ≥65 years increased by [8.277 (95%CI: 1.885–14.668)] years and [2.855 (95%CI: 0.273–5.192)] years, respectively. Conclusions Both high and low temperatures increase YLL in residents of the seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, with a lag effect. Females and residents aged ≥65 years are sensitive populations.

daily average temperature  /  years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality  /  non-accidental mortality  /  cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality  /  impact  /  Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
邓希希, 廖佩花, 张艺, 王铁, 者炜. 新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL影响. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (3) : 340 -348 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145398
Xixi DENG, Peihua LIAO, Yi ZHANG, Tie WANG, Wei ZHE. Effect of daily average temperature on years of life lost due to non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in seven mortality surveillance sites in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (3) : 340 -348 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145398
近年来,全球气候变暖趋势仍在持续,中国气象局发布的《中国气候变化蓝皮书(2023)》报告称,2022年全球平均气温较工业革命前上升了1.13 ℃[1],气候变化所带来的健康问题不仅是未来的潜在威胁,目前已然成为21世纪亟待应对的严峻挑战[2–3]。多项流行病学研究表明,环境温度与人群死亡之间存在显著相关性,无论是高温还是低温均可能增加人们的死亡风险[4–6],但气温对健康的影响并非立即显现,而是具有一定的滞后效应[7]。现有研究通常采用死亡率指标评估温度与人口健康之间的关系,然而在计算死亡率时,每个死亡都被视为同等重要,因此在评估不同年龄组之间的2个变量关系时常常忽略过早死亡的影响[8]。早死所致生命损失年(years of life lost,YLL)考虑了过早死亡和死亡时的预期寿命,能更准确地反映气温因素对人群的影响[9],是一种可以更精确和全面评估疾病负担的方法。为了解新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL的影响,为减少日均气温造成的居民寿命损失提供科学依据,本研究收集中国疾病预防控制中心人口死亡信息报告系统中新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市天山区、克拉玛依市克拉玛依区、哈密市伊州区、库尔勒市、和田县、阿图什市和塔城市7个死因监测点2015年1月1日—2019年12月31日上报的居民死因监测数据以及同期国家环境专业知识服务平台空气质量数据和新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气候中心气象因素数据,应用分布滞后非线性模型(distributed lag nonlinear model,DLNM)定量分析日均气温对居民YLL的影响及滞后效应,并对不同性别和年龄居民进行亚组分析以确定敏感人群。结果报告如下。
收集中国疾病预防控制中心人口死亡信息报告系统中新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市天山区、克拉玛依市克拉玛依区、哈密市伊州区、库尔勒市、和田县、阿图什市和塔城市7个死因监测点2015年1月1日—2019年12月31日上报的居民死因监测数据。按照《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》第十版(International Statistical Classification of Disease,10th Revision,ICD-10)[10]选取ICD-10编码为非意外死亡(A00~R99)和心脑血管系统疾病死亡(I00~I99)的相关数据进行分析。同期大气污染物数据来源于国家环境专业知识服务平台(http://envi.ckcest.cn/environment),包括细颗粒物(fine particulate matter, PM2.5)、可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter, PM10)、一氧化碳(carbon monoxide, CO)、臭氧(ozone, O3)、二氧化硫(sulfur dioxide, SO2)和二氧化氮(nitrogen dioxide, NO2)等,以研究地区大气污染物日均浓度值作为研究人群日均暴露水平,其中O3为最大8 h平均浓度均值(ozone-8 hour, O3-8 h),其他为24 h平均浓度均值。同期气象监测数据来源于新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气候中心,包括日均气温、湿度、风速和气压等。
采用Excel 2016建立数据库,应用SPSS 25.0和R 3.6.3软件进行统计分析。按照2017年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease,GBD 2017)中提供的最小风险参考寿命图[11]计算出不同性别、年龄、疾病种类死亡的每日YLL值。建立基于高斯分布的模型分析日均气温对YLL的影响,在对时间趋势、周末效应、气压以及相对湿度等可能的干扰因素进行控制之后,模型公式为:$ \mathrm{E}\left(\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{t}}\right)\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{L}=\beta\; \mathrm{T}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{p}+\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}(\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e},df)+n\mathrm{s}(\mathrm{H},df)+ \mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}(\mathrm{P},df)+\mathrm{D}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{W}+\alpha\mathrm{。} $式中,YLLt代表第t天的日非意外死亡或日心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值;Temp代表每日的日均温度;β代表用来衡量气温影响的系数;Time代表长期趋势;H代表相对湿度;P代表平均气压;df为自由度;ns为关于时间的自然立方样条函数,用于控制长期趋势和季节趋势;DOW代表星期几效应;α为截距。在最终确定的模型中,根据既往研究[12]和赤池信息准则(akaike information criterion,AIC)[13]设定时间趋势的df为7/年,污染物和其他气象因素的df都被设定为3,气温的最长滞后天数被设定为30 d。本研究以日均气温的P75(22.57 ℃)和P25(–1.04 ℃)分别作为高温和低温的气温截点,绘制日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL值的滞后效应图。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点居民2015—2019年共报告非意外死亡57 094例,日均非意外死亡31例;男性33 773例(59.15%),女性23 321例(40.85%);年龄<65岁19 394例(33.97%),≥65岁37 700例(66.03%)。新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点居民2015—2019年共报告心脑血管系统疾病死亡26 848例,日均心脑血管系统疾病死亡15例;男性15 901例(59.23%),女性10 947例(40.77%);年龄<65岁8 218例(30.61%),≥65岁18 630例(69.39%)。新疆维吾尔自治区居民2015—2019年不同性别、年龄、疾病种类死亡的每日YLL值具体见表1,同期大气污染物和气象因素基本特征见表2。
新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年日均气温及居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL均呈一定的季节性波动,居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL的变化趋势与气温变化趋势相反,非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡主要集中在春冬季节,YLL值在1月份和12月份最高(见图1)。
以新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年中位数日均气温(13.38 ℃)作为参照值绘制2015—2019年日均气温在不同滞后时间下(0~30 d)与居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL值关联的三维图。结果显示,日均气温与居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL值之间均存在显著非线性关系,高温和低温均可导致居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL的增加,其中高温表现为急性效应,以暴露当日效应最大,但持续时间较短;低温则效应具有滞后性,对YLL值的影响通常在滞后2~4 d开始出现,随着滞后时间的增加,效应先增大而后减小(见图2)。
DLNM分析结果显示,高温对居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日即产生效应且效应值为最大,随后逐渐下降,效应仅持续5 d;日均气温每升高1 ℃,居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[16.021(95%CI=10.125~21.917)]年和[5.821(95%CI=2.579~9.063)]年。而低温对居民YLL值的影响则具有滞后性,非意外死亡YLL值在滞后2~6 d上升,滞后2 d效应值为最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,居民滞后2 d非意外死亡的YLL值增加[9.126(95%CI=0.872~17.053)]年;心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL值在滞后4~5 d上升,滞后5 d效应值为最大,日均气温每降低1 ℃,居民滞后5 d心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值增加[2.739(95%CI=0.983~5.086)]年(见图3)。
高温对男性居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日即产生效应且效应值为最大,随后逐渐下降,效应仅持续4 d;日均气温每升高1 ℃,男性居民暴露当日非意外死亡的YLL值增加[7.559(95%CI=3.161~11.956)]年。低温对男性居民非意外死亡YLL值的影响在滞后2~4 d上升,在滞后3 d的效应值为最大;日均气温每降低1 ℃,男性居民滞后2 d非意外死亡的YLL值增加[6.831(95%CI=0.657~13.625)]年。高温和低温对男性居民心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL影响的单日滞后效应差异均无统计意义(均P>0.05)(见图4)。
高温对女性居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日即产生效应且效应值为最大,随后逐渐下降,效应仅持续5 d;日均气温每升高1 ℃,女性居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[8.462(95%CI=4.994~11.930)]年和[3.589(95%CI=1.862~5.315)]年。低温对女性居民非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡YLL值的影响分别在滞后4~7 d和5~6 d上升,分别在滞后7 d和6 d的效应值为最大;日均气温每降低1 ℃,女性居民滞后7 d和滞后6 d非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[4.530(95%CI=0.235~7.864)]年和[1.824(95%CI=0.189~3.382)]年(见图5)。
高温对<65岁居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日即产生效应且效应值为最大,随后逐渐下降,效应仅持续4 d;日均气温每升高1 ℃,<65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡的YLL值增加[8.487(95%CI=3.398~13.577)]年。低温对<65岁居民非意外死亡YLL值的影响在滞后5~6 d上升,在滞后6 d的效应值为最大;日均气温每降低1 ℃,<65岁居民滞后6 d非意外死亡的YLL值增加[4.235(95%CI=1.583~9.648)]年。高温和低温对<65岁居民心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL影响的单日滞后效应差异均无统计意义(均P>0.05)(见图6)。
高温对≥65岁居民YLL值的影响在暴露当日即产生效应且效应值为最大,随后逐渐下降,效应仅持续5 d;日均气温每升高1 ℃,≥65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[7.524(95%CI=4.949~10.099)]年和[3.690(95%CI=1.884~5.497)]年。低温对≥65岁居民非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡YLL值的影响分别在滞后0~5 d和2~6 d上升,分别在暴露当日和滞后4 d的效应值为最大;日均气温每降低1 ℃,≥65岁居民暴露当日非意外死亡和滞后4 d心脑血管系统疾病死亡的YLL值分别增加[8.277(95%CI=1.885~14.668)]年和[2.855(95%CI=0.273~5.192)]年(见图7)。
本研究采用DLNM模型分析新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点2015—2019年日均气温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡YLL的影响。结果显示,高温和低温均可增加居民非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡的YLL值,与既往研究结果相似[14],这一现象的生物学机制尚未完全阐明,可能涉及多种生理过程。例如暴露在高温环境中会导致胆固醇水平和血液浓度升高,而暴露在低温环境中则可能减少皮肤的血液供应,使更多血液流向核心器官以维持体温。这些变化均会增加体温调节系统的负担,在严重情况下可能导致生理功能失常,甚至危及生命[15–16]。
在探讨滞后效应时,本研究结果显示,高温对居民非意外死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡YLL的影响是即时、迅速的,其效应在暴露当日即显现,但仅持续5 d;而低温的滞后效应则显得较为迟缓,非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡YLL值分别在滞后2~6 d和4~5 d上升。江苏省无锡市的研究表明,高温对非意外死亡YLL的影响在滞后0~3 d存在,低温的影响在滞后3 d才出现且持续14 d[17];而甘肃省兰州市的研究则表明,低温在滞后1周后才对YLL产生影响,此效应可持续至滞后30 d,高温则在滞后7 d内均有影响[18]。不同地区研究结果存在差异可能与气候条件、人口结构、经济发展水平以及居民身体适应能力等因素有关[19]。
有研究表明,性别和年龄在调节人群对高温和低温的敏感性方面发挥作用[20]。本研究通过对不同性别居民进行亚组分析发现,男性居民较女性居民因气温变化导致的死亡效应较低,与既往研究[21–22]结果一致。这种性别间的敏感性差异可能归因于生理结构的不同、社会角色分配的差异以及环境暴露机会的不均等[23]。本研究通过对不同年龄居民进行亚组分析发现,高温和低温对≥65岁居民YLL的影响较<65岁居民更为显著,即老年人更易受气温变化的影响,这一结论与既往研究[24–25]结果一致。造成这种差异的原因可能是因为老年人的体温调节能力相对较弱,对气候的适应能力较差,加之免疫力下降,因此更容易受极端天气的影响[26]。此外,≥65岁居民患慢性病的比例明显较高[27],而极端气温可能会导致个体面临的健康问题和慢性病患病风险的增加。
综上所述,高温和低温均可增加新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点居民非意外死亡和心脑血管系统疾病死亡的YLL。其中,女性和≥65岁居民更易受极端气温的影响,为敏感人群。因此,今后在应对极端气温影响时应注意区分高温和低温,及时采取相应的预防措施,如,建立高温热浪预警系统以及确保足够的医疗资源如救护车、医疗设施和药品等以迎接高温天气的挑战;在寒潮来临时密切关注寒潮后几天的健康状况,并延长医疗服务时间以保障居民健康。此外,在气温变化时还要增强对敏感人群的保护,防止其受到极端气温的危害。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性:首先,本研究仅对新疆维吾尔自治区7个死因监测点的数据进行了分析,因此研究结果在外推时需谨慎;其次,由于本研究采用的为回顾性分析方法,因此不可避免地会面临死亡案例报告不全的问题,这可能会造成一些偏倚;再次,本研究使用日均气温代表居民的暴露程度,这也可能产生一定的偏差;最后,本研究属于生态学研究,并未考虑个体的既往病史和吸烟习惯等因素,而这些因素的差异可能对研究结果产生影响。因此,在今后的研究中应适当增加研究区域并综合更全面的个体暴露因素进行更深入分析以进一步验证和完善现有研究结果,为制定更有效的公共卫生政策和预防措施提供科学依据。

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2025年第41卷第3期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145398
  • 接收时间:2024-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-09
  • 修回日期:2024-11-18
  • 录用日期:2025-01-24
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    1新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,乌鲁木齐 830011
    2新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,乌鲁木齐 830001
    3新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气候中心,乌鲁木齐 830002

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