Article(id=1321170619505426934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170430187130949, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1144875, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714752000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-04, revisedDate=1728748800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-13, acceptedDate=1731945600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-19, onlineDate=1792921221853, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921221853, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921221853, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921221853, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170430187130949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='2', pageStart='129', pageEnd='256', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739116800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921176716, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921176716, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=176, endPage=181, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170621183148535, articleId=1321170619505426934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province: a cross-sectional survey, columnId=1320427696342020970, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Epidemiological Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influencing factors among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province, and to provide a reference for the development of local COPD prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Study participants were 6 600 permanent residents aged 40 years and older recruited from urban/rural communities of 11 county-level COPD surveillance sites (counties/districts) in Hebei province using multistage random sampling. Face-to-face interviews with a standardized questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, physical examinations, and pulmonary function tests were conducted among the participants from July 2019 to May 2020. The prevalence of COPD was estimated using complex weighting adjustments, and a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the main factors influencing COPD among the participants.

Results

Of the 6 228 participants finally included in the analysis, 565 cases of COPD were identified. After complex weighting, the prevalence of COPD was 9.10%. Multivariate survey logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years, current smoking, previous smoking history, history of respiratory diseases, family history of respiratory diseases, and chronic respiratory symptoms were risk factors for COPD in the participants; while, female gender, ethnic minority, and residence in central and southern Hebei province were protective factors against COPD.

Conclusions

The prevalence of COPD among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province is relatively low. Gender, age, ethnicity, geographic region, smoking status, history of respiratory diseases, family history of respiratory diseases, and chronic respiratory symptoms are the main influencing factors of COPD among residents of the province.

, authors=Weiwei SHI1, Yanxin YANG1, 2, Yajing CAO1, Jingjing ZHAO1, Mei LI1, Yuhuan LIU1, Jixin SUN1, Ze CUI1, Xiaoli LIU1, authorsList=Weiwei SHI, Yanxin YANG, Yajing CAO, Jingjing ZHAO, Mei LI, Yuhuan LIU, Jixin SUN, Ze CUI, Xiaoli LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoli LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Xiaoli, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170621720019450, articleId=1321170619505426934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=河北省≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及其影响因素分析, columnId=1320427696509793132, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=流行病学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解河北省≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患病情况及其影响因素,为制定当地的慢阻肺防控措施提供参考依据。

方法

于2019年7月—2020年5月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在河北省保定市定州市、衡水市冀州区、保定市莲池区、廊坊市香河县、保定市雄县、张家口市万全区、承德市双桥区、唐山市滦州市、沧州市新华区、邯郸市鸡泽县和邢台市内丘县11个县区监测点抽取6 600名≥40岁常住居民进行问卷调查、身体测量和肺功能检查,经复杂加权调整后估算慢阻肺的患病率,并应用survey logistic多因素回归模型分析该地区≥40岁居民患病的主要影响因素。

结果

河北省最终纳入分析的6 228名≥40岁居民中,患慢阻肺者565例,经复杂加权后慢阻肺患病率为9.10%;survey logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,年龄≥50岁、现在吸烟、既往吸烟、有呼吸系统疾病史、有呼吸系统疾病家族史和有慢性呼吸道症状是河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病的危险因素,女性、少数民族、冀中和冀南地区是河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病的保护因素。

结论

河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病率较低,性别、年龄、民族、地区、吸烟情况、有无呼吸系统疾病史、有无呼吸系统疾病家族史和有无慢性呼吸道症状是当地居民慢阻肺患病的主要影响因素。

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史卫卫(1979—),主任技师,博士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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刘晓丽,E-mail:
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COPD prevalence in 6 628 Hebei province residents aged 40 years and older by gender, age, ethnicity, education, marital status, occupation, geographic region, residence, smoking, use of polluting fuels for cooking/heating, occupational exposure to dust/hazardous gas, individual/family history of respiratory disease, symptoms of chronic respiratory disease, and body mass index

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特征分类调查人数慢阻肺患病例数慢阻肺患病率a/%Rao-Scott χ2值P值
性别男性2 87042814.85160.385<0.001
女性3 3581374.09
年龄/岁40~491 474644.7781.092<0.001
50~592 2721657.42
60~691 87923612.21
≥7060310016.90
民族汉族60165569.255.7210.017
少数民族21294.20
文化程度小学及以下2 6372419.190.1180.943
初中2 2732159.18
高中及以上1 3181098.73
婚姻状况非在婚478459.890.2980.585
在婚57505209.05
职业农林牧渔水利生产人员2 5802539.6612.0520.034
商业服务/运输业人员356216.80
机关企事业干部/职工145107.24
其他劳动者929838.97
未就业/家务人员1 5681207.69
地区冀中2 8442749.278.1490.043
冀北1 12811811.24
冀东1 106787.20
冀南1 150958.83
居住地城镇36683339.100.0010.995
农村2 5602329.11
吸烟情况从不吸烟44222485.68162.722< 0.001
现在吸烟1 39424817.40
既往吸烟4126917.71
烹饪使用污染燃料否58005178.834.2160.040
是4284812.25
取暖使用污染燃料否41163508.414.8260.028
是2 11221510.33
职业粉尘接触史无45133688.3716.733< 0.001
有1 71519711.04
职业有害气体接触史无51904448.549.4070.002
有1 03812112.00
呼吸系统疾病史无54114358.1436.733< 0.001
有81713015.54
呼吸系统疾病家族史无50003967.9032.994< 0.001
有1 22816913.90
慢性呼吸道症状无58324858.3446.462< 0.001
有3968019.87
体质指数体重过低62914.0221.038< 0.001
正常体重1 79820911.73
超重2 6432258.53
肥胖1 7251227.02
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河北省不同特征≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病情况比较

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特征分类调查人数慢阻肺患病例数慢阻肺患病率a/%Rao-Scott χ2值P值
性别男性2 87042814.85160.385<0.001
女性3 3581374.09
年龄/岁40~491 474644.7781.092<0.001
50~592 2721657.42
60~691 87923612.21
≥7060310016.90
民族汉族60165569.255.7210.017
少数民族21294.20
文化程度小学及以下2 6372419.190.1180.943
初中2 2732159.18
高中及以上1 3181098.73
婚姻状况非在婚478459.890.2980.585
在婚57505209.05
职业农林牧渔水利生产人员2 5802539.6612.0520.034
商业服务/运输业人员356216.80
机关企事业干部/职工145107.24
其他劳动者929838.97
未就业/家务人员1 5681207.69
地区冀中2 8442749.278.1490.043
冀北1 12811811.24
冀东1 106787.20
冀南1 150958.83
居住地城镇36683339.100.0010.995
农村2 5602329.11
吸烟情况从不吸烟44222485.68162.722< 0.001
现在吸烟1 39424817.40
既往吸烟4126917.71
烹饪使用污染燃料否58005178.834.2160.040
是4284812.25
取暖使用污染燃料否41163508.414.8260.028
是2 11221510.33
职业粉尘接触史无45133688.3716.733< 0.001
有1 71519711.04
职业有害气体接触史无51904448.549.4070.002
有1 03812112.00
呼吸系统疾病史无54114358.1436.733< 0.001
有81713015.54
呼吸系统疾病家族史无50003967.9032.994< 0.001
有1 22816913.90
慢性呼吸道症状无58324858.3446.462< 0.001
有3968019.87
体质指数体重过低62914.0221.038< 0.001
正常体重1 79820911.73
超重2 6432258.53
肥胖1 7251227.02
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Influence of gender, age, ethnicity, geographic region, smoking, individual/family history of respiratory disease, and chronic respiratory disease symptom on the prevalence of COPD among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province: multivariate survey logistic regression analysis

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因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值OR值95%CIP值
性别女性男性–1.0740.12870.0600.3420.266~0.439< 0.001
年龄/岁50~5940~490.5520.15812.1901.7361.274~2.366< 0.001
60~691.0830.16045.0362.9522.159~4.036< 0.001
≥701.3190.18749.8513.7412.594~5.396< 0.001
民族少数民族汉族–0.8560.3545.8550.4250.212~0.8500.016
地区冀北冀中–0.0660.1420.2170.9360.703~1.2330.641
冀东–0.4360.1498.5740.6460.480~0.8640.003
冀南–0.3430.1386.1330.7100.542~0.9410.013
吸烟情况现在吸烟从不吸烟0.5870.12123.6591.7981.420~2.278< 0.001
既往吸烟0.3690.1684.8211.4461.040~2.0090.028
呼吸系统疾病史有无0.5320.12119.3481.7021.343~2.158< 0.001
呼吸系统疾病家族史有无0.4210.10815.1761.5231.233~1.882< 0.001
慢性呼吸道症状有无0.4730.1509.9081.6041.195~2.1540.002
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河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病影响因素surveylogistic多因素回归分析

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因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值OR值95%CIP值
性别女性男性–1.0740.12870.0600.3420.266~0.439< 0.001
年龄/岁50~5940~490.5520.15812.1901.7361.274~2.366< 0.001
60~691.0830.16045.0362.9522.159~4.036< 0.001
≥701.3190.18749.8513.7412.594~5.396< 0.001
民族少数民族汉族–0.8560.3545.8550.4250.212~0.8500.016
地区冀北冀中–0.0660.1420.2170.9360.703~1.2330.641
冀东–0.4360.1498.5740.6460.480~0.8640.003
冀南–0.3430.1386.1330.7100.542~0.9410.013
吸烟情况现在吸烟从不吸烟0.5870.12123.6591.7981.420~2.278< 0.001
既往吸烟0.3690.1684.8211.4461.040~2.0090.028
呼吸系统疾病史有无0.5320.12119.3481.7021.343~2.158< 0.001
呼吸系统疾病家族史有无0.4210.10815.1761.5231.233~1.882< 0.001
慢性呼吸道症状有无0.4730.1509.9081.6041.195~2.1540.002
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河北省≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及其影响因素分析
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史卫卫 1 , 杨妍鑫 1, 2 , 曹亚景 1 , 赵晶晶 1 , 李玫 1 , 刘玉环 1 , 孙纪新 1 , 崔泽 1 , 刘晓丽 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 流行病学研究 2025,41(2): 176-181
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中国公共卫生 |流行病学研究 2025 , 41 (2) : 176 -181
河北省≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及其影响因素分析
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史卫卫(1979—),主任技师,博士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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史卫卫(1979—),主任技师,博士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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史卫卫1, 杨妍鑫1, 2, 曹亚景1, 赵晶晶1, 李玫1, 刘玉环1, 孙纪新1, 崔泽1, 刘晓丽1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1河北省疾病预防控制中心,石家庄 050021
  • 2河北大学,保定 071002
通讯作者:
刘晓丽,E-mail:
作者简介:

史卫卫(1979—),主任技师,博士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province: a cross-sectional survey
Weiwei SHI1, Yanxin YANG1, 2, Yajing CAO1, Jingjing ZHAO1, Mei LI1, Yuhuan LIU1, Jixin SUN1, Ze CUI1, Xiaoli LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
  • 2Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Xiaoli, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144875
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目的

了解河北省≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患病情况及其影响因素,为制定当地的慢阻肺防控措施提供参考依据。

方法

于2019年7月—2020年5月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在河北省保定市定州市、衡水市冀州区、保定市莲池区、廊坊市香河县、保定市雄县、张家口市万全区、承德市双桥区、唐山市滦州市、沧州市新华区、邯郸市鸡泽县和邢台市内丘县11个县区监测点抽取6 600名≥40岁常住居民进行问卷调查、身体测量和肺功能检查,经复杂加权调整后估算慢阻肺的患病率,并应用survey logistic多因素回归模型分析该地区≥40岁居民患病的主要影响因素。

结果

河北省最终纳入分析的6 228名≥40岁居民中,患慢阻肺者565例,经复杂加权后慢阻肺患病率为9.10%;survey logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,年龄≥50岁、现在吸烟、既往吸烟、有呼吸系统疾病史、有呼吸系统疾病家族史和有慢性呼吸道症状是河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病的危险因素,女性、少数民族、冀中和冀南地区是河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病的保护因素。

结论

河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病率较低,性别、年龄、民族、地区、吸烟情况、有无呼吸系统疾病史、有无呼吸系统疾病家族史和有无慢性呼吸道症状是当地居民慢阻肺患病的主要影响因素。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  患病情况  /  影响因素  /  河北省
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influencing factors among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province, and to provide a reference for the development of local COPD prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Study participants were 6 600 permanent residents aged 40 years and older recruited from urban/rural communities of 11 county-level COPD surveillance sites (counties/districts) in Hebei province using multistage random sampling. Face-to-face interviews with a standardized questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, physical examinations, and pulmonary function tests were conducted among the participants from July 2019 to May 2020. The prevalence of COPD was estimated using complex weighting adjustments, and a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the main factors influencing COPD among the participants.

Results

Of the 6 228 participants finally included in the analysis, 565 cases of COPD were identified. After complex weighting, the prevalence of COPD was 9.10%. Multivariate survey logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years, current smoking, previous smoking history, history of respiratory diseases, family history of respiratory diseases, and chronic respiratory symptoms were risk factors for COPD in the participants; while, female gender, ethnic minority, and residence in central and southern Hebei province were protective factors against COPD.

Conclusions

The prevalence of COPD among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province is relatively low. Gender, age, ethnicity, geographic region, smoking status, history of respiratory diseases, family history of respiratory diseases, and chronic respiratory symptoms are the main influencing factors of COPD among residents of the province.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  prevalence  /  influencing factor  /  Hebei province
史卫卫, 杨妍鑫, 曹亚景, 赵晶晶, 李玫, 刘玉环, 孙纪新, 崔泽, 刘晓丽. 河北省≥40岁居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及其影响因素分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (2) : 176 -181 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144875
Weiwei SHI, Yanxin YANG, Yajing CAO, Jingjing ZHAO, Mei LI, Yuhuan LIU, Jixin SUN, Ze CUI, Xiaoli LIU. Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents aged 40 years and older in Hebei province: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (2) : 176 -181 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144875
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称“慢阻肺”)是一类常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病,因明显暴露于有毒颗粒和气体引起的气道或肺泡异常所致[1]。一项meta分析结果显示,2019年全球居民慢阻肺患病率上升至13.1%,其中非洲地区、亚洲地区、美洲地区、欧洲地区和大洋洲地区的慢阻肺患病率分别为13.9%、13.5%、13.2%、12.4%和11.6%[2]。2019年疾病负担研究结果亦显示,慢阻肺已成为中国居民的第3位死亡原因[3],严重威胁民众生命健康,且给社会造成巨大的疾病负担和经济损失。因此,掌握人群慢阻肺流行特征及其相关危险因素成为当前需迫切解决的问题。为了解河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病情况及其影响因素,为制定当地的慢阻肺防控措施提供参考依据,本研究于2019年7月—2020年5月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在河北省保定市定州市、衡水市冀州区、保定市莲池区、廊坊市香河县、保定市雄县、张家口市万全区、承德市双桥区、唐山市滦州市、沧州市新华区、邯郸市鸡泽县和邢台市内丘县11个县区监测点抽取6 600名≥40岁常住居民进行问卷调查、身体测量和肺功能检查,经复杂加权调整后估算慢阻肺的患病率,并应用survey logistic多因素回归模型分析该地区≥40岁居民患病的主要影响因素。结果报告如下。
采用多阶段随机抽样方法,首先根据地区和城镇化水平在河北省抽取保定市定州市、衡水市冀州区、保定市莲池区、廊坊市香河县、保定市雄县、张家口市万全区、承德市双桥区、唐山市滦州市、沧州市新华区、邯郸市鸡泽县和邢台市内丘县共11个县区作为监测点,其次在每个监测点分别随机抽取3个乡镇/街道作为样本乡镇/街道,再次在每个样本乡镇/街道分别随机抽取2个村/居委会作为样本乡镇/街道,从次在每个样本村/居委会分别随机抽取100户家庭作为样本家庭户,最后在每个样本家庭户中分别随机抽取1名调查前12个月内在当地居住≥6个月的≥40岁常住居民进行问卷调查、身体测量和肺功能检查。本研究经中国疾病预防控制中心慢病中心伦理审查委员会审批通过(批号:IRB2019-008),且所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书。本次应调查6 600人,实际有效调查6 228人,有效应答率为94.36%。
采用中国疾病预防控制中心编制的标准化问卷,由经过统一培训的调查员进行面访调查。内容包括性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、地区、居住地、吸烟情况、烹饪是否使用污染燃料、取暖是否使用污染燃料、有无职业粉尘接触史、有无职业有害气体接触史、有无呼吸系统疾病史、有无呼吸系统疾病家族史和有无慢性呼吸道症状。本研究中,现在吸烟指调查前12个月内有吸烟行为者,包括每天吸烟/偶尔吸烟者;既往吸烟指曾经吸烟但调查时已不再吸烟者;使用污染燃料指在室内使用煤、煤油、木炭、木头、动物粪便等污染燃料进行烹饪或取暖;有职业粉尘/有害气体接触史指在工作中接触过灰尘、烟尘、烟雾、矿尘等粉尘或汽油、农药、油烟等有害气体且从事相关工作>1年;有呼吸系统疾病史指经乡镇卫生院或社区卫生服务中心及以上级别医疗机构确诊患有鼻炎、哮喘、慢性支气管炎、肺心病、肺气肿、支气管扩张、肺间质纤维化、肺动脉高血压、肺血管栓塞、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征等呼吸系统疾病;有慢性呼吸道症状指未感冒时经常有每天≥4次、每周≥4天、1年中持续≥3个月连续1年的慢性咳嗽、慢性咳痰和呼吸困难症状。
由经过统一培训的专业人员进行身高和体重的测量以及肺功能检查,并计算体质量指数=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。根据《中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南》[4],体质指数<18.5为体重过低,18.5~23.9为正常体重,24.0~27.9为超重,≥28.0为肥胖。肺功能采用德国耶格MasterScreenSeS型便携式肺功能仪[伟亚安医疗器械(上海)有限公司]进行检查,检查指标包括1秒用力呼气容积(the first second forced expiratory volume,FEV1)和用力肺活量(forced vital reserve%,FVC)等。检查时受试者平静呼吸,后经接口器深吸气至完全,突发呼气、即尽可能快地最大用力呼气、起始无犹豫,继续均匀和完全地呼气,呼气过程无中断、无咳嗽,受试者应继续主动地、尽可能长地呼气,一般至少呼气6 s,呼气完全后应立刻尽最大努力并吸气至肺总量位,再回到平静呼吸,即完成1次肺功能测定;完成基础肺功能测试后进行支气管舒张试验,吸入支气管扩张沙丁胺醇气雾剂400 μg,15 min后重复测定肺功能,支气管舒张试验后FEV1/FVC<70%的调查对象即可诊断为慢阻肺患者[1]。
应用SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析。采用频数和构成比进行一般描述性分析,采用复杂抽样设计的Rao-Scott χ2检验比较不同特征居民慢阻肺患病率的差异,采用survey logistic多因素回归模型分析慢阻肺患病的主要影响因素。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
河北省最终纳入分析的6 228名≥40岁居民中,男性2 870人(46.08%),女性3 358人(53.92%);年龄40~89岁,平均年龄为(57.0±9.3)岁,其中40~49岁1 474人(23.67%),50~59岁2 272人(36.48%),60~69岁1 879人(30.17%),≥70岁603人(9.68%);汉族6 016人(96.60%),少数民族212人(3.40%);文化程度小学及以下2 637人(42.34%),初中2 273人(36.50%),高中及以上1 318人(21.16%);非在婚状态478人(7.68%),在婚5 750人(92.32%);职业为农林牧渔水利生产人员2 580人(41.42%),商业服务/运输业人员356人(5.72%),机关企事业干部/职工145人(2.33%),其他劳动者929人(14.92%),未就业/家务人员1 568人(25.18%),离退休人员650人(10.44%);冀中地区2 844人(45.66%),冀北地区1 128人(18.12%),冀东地区1 106人(17.76%),冀南地区1 150人(18.46%);居住在城镇3 668人(58.90%),农村2 560人(41.10%);从不吸烟4 422人(71.86%),现在吸烟1 394人(21.94%),既往吸烟412人(6.20%);烹饪未使用污染燃料5 800人(93.13%),烹饪使用污染燃料428人(6.87%);取暖未使用污染燃料4 116人(66.09%),使用污染燃料2 112人(33.91%);无职业粉尘接触史4 513人(77.52%),有职业粉尘接触史1 715人(22.48%);无职业有害气体接触史5 190人(83.33%),有职业有害气体接触史1 038人(16.67%);无呼吸系统疾病史5 411人(86.88%),有呼吸系统疾病史817人(13.12%);无呼吸系统疾病家族史5 000人(80.28%),有呼吸系统疾病家族史1 228人(19.72%);无慢性呼吸道症状5 832人(93.64%),有慢性呼吸道症状396人(6.36%);体重过低62人(1.00%),正常体重1 798人(28.87%),超重2 643人(42.43%),肥胖1 725人(27.70%)。
河北省最终纳入分析的6 228名≥40岁居民中,患慢阻肺者565例,经复杂加权后慢阻肺患病率为9.10%;河北省不同特征≥40岁居民比较,不同性别、年龄、民族、职业、地区、吸烟情况、体质指数以及烹饪是否使用污染燃料、取暖是否使用污染燃料、有无职业粉尘接触史、有无职业有害气体接触史、有无呼吸系统疾病史、有无呼吸系统疾病家族史、有无慢性呼吸道症状的≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
以河北省≥40岁居民是否患慢阻肺为因变量(0=否,1=是),以性别、年龄、民族、职业、地区、吸烟情况、体质指数以及烹饪是否使用污染燃料、取暖是否使用污染燃料、有无职业粉尘接触史、有无职业有害气体史、有无呼吸系统疾病史、有无呼吸系统疾病家族史和有无慢性呼吸道症状共14个因素为自变量进行survey logistic多因素回归分析。结果显示,年龄≥50岁、现在吸烟、既往吸烟、有呼吸系统疾病史、有呼吸系统疾病家族史和有慢性呼吸道症状是河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病的危险因素,女性、少数民族、冀中和冀南地区是河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病的保护因素。
慢阻肺是一种常见慢性病,其前期病情隐匿,极易错过最佳治疗时机,给家庭和社会造成巨大经济负担[5]。本次调查结果显示,河北省≥40岁居民经复杂加权后慢阻肺患病率为9.10%,低于2015年中国≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病率的13.6%。既往研究结果显示,我国华北地区慢阻肺患病率为13.7%[6],河北省作为华北地区的一部分,本次调查的慢阻肺患病率低于华北地区平均水平,可能与各地区经济水平、生活环境和居民生活习惯的不同有关。
本次调查结果显示,男性居民慢阻肺患病率高于女性居民,可能与男性的吸烟率较女性高有关,本研究中吸烟亦为河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病的主要危险因素,现在吸烟和既往吸烟居民慢阻肺患病风险分别为从不吸烟居民的1.798倍(OR=1.798,95%CI=1.420~2.278)和1.446倍(OR=1.446,95%CI=1.040~2.009)。与既往研究结果一致[7–8],随着年龄的升高,慢阻肺的患病风险随之增高,本研究中河北省≥70岁居民慢阻肺患病风险为40 ~ 49岁居民的3.741倍(OR=3.741,95%CI=2.594~5.396),与四川省[9]和浙江省[10]的研究结果一致。本次调查中,汉族居民的慢阻肺患病率高于少数民族,与刘岚等[11]研究结果不一致,这可能与本次调查中的汉族居民较多有关,且其他民族的调查对象以回族居多,多数回族居民无吸烟行为,减少了吸烟这个重要的危险因素暴露,因此本次调查中少数民族慢阻肺的患病率较低。
本次调查中,河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病率与其所在地区有关,冀北地区居民慢阻肺的患病率最高(11.24%),冀东地区居民慢阻肺的患病率最低(7.20%)。有研究表明冷空气会导致呼吸系统疾病人数增多[12],这也可能是导致冀北地区慢阻肺患病率较高的原因之一。因为冀北地区的气温与冀东和冀南地区相比较低,尤其在冬季,强冷空气或寒潮天气发生时,人们可能因吸入低温空气而刺激呼吸道,更易引发呼吸系统疾病,从而增加了慢阻肺的患病风险。此外,ChanK H等[13]在中国进行的一项研究结果表明长期使用污染燃料烹饪会增加慢阻肺患病风险,还有研究表明吸入颗粒物会诱发慢阻肺等慢性呼吸系统疾病[14]。冀北地区因天气寒冷而冬季采暖期相对较长,且在冬季常采用传统煤炉或烧柴作为主要烹饪和取暖方式,使得大气中的颗粒物和有害气体增多,进而使人体吸入有害气体,这也可导致冀北地区居民的慢阻肺患病率较高。而冀东地区靠山临海,医疗基础设施建设较完善,当地居民烹饪和取暖使用污染燃料占比较小,空气质量较好,因此冀东地区居民慢阻肺的患病率较低。
本研究结果还显示,有呼吸系统疾病史、呼吸系统疾病家族史和慢性呼吸道症状居民的慢阻肺患病率高于无呼吸系统疾病史、呼吸系统疾病家族史和慢性呼吸道症状的居民,与既往研究结果一致[15–16]。慢阻肺是一种进行性、不可逆的疾病,既往呼吸系统疾病可能导致肺组织的慢性炎症和损伤,从而为慢阻肺的发生提供生理基础。有研究表明,慢阻肺具有多基因遗传性[17],还有研究表明谷胱甘肽S–转移酶基因M1和T1多态性等基因会影响个体慢阻肺的发生风险,使其更易受外界有害因素(如吸烟、空气污染、职业粉尘等)的影响,从而导致呼吸系统疾病的发生[18];此外,家族成员之间可能有类似的生活方式和生活环境,如吸烟或暴露于污染环境中,这亦会增加慢阻肺的患病风险。慢性咳嗽、咳痰和呼吸困难等呼吸道症状往往是慢阻肺早期表现或其他呼吸系统疾病的征兆,这些症状提示呼吸道可能有长期的慢性炎症或其他损伤,随着时间的推移,肺功能下降的风险增加,最终可能导致慢阻肺的发生。因此,建议加强对有呼吸系统疾病史、呼吸系统疾病家族史和慢性呼吸道症状人群慢阻肺的宣传教育,并对其定期进行检查肺功能,从而及时发现肺功能下降趋势,尽早进行干预;也可采用个性化健康管理计划对有呼吸系统疾病家族史的人群提供定期体检、生活方式调整和专业医疗等建议。
综上所述,河北省≥40岁居民慢阻肺患病率总体相对较低,性别、年龄、民族、地区、吸烟情况、有无呼吸系统疾病史、有无呼吸系统疾病家族史和有无慢性呼吸道症状是当地居民慢阻肺患病的主要影响因素。因此,在今后防控工作中应关注患病率较高的地区,加大对当地居民慢阻肺相关知识的宣传力度,加强慢阻肺相关危险因素的控制措施,并将男性、高龄、有吸烟行为、有个人或家族呼吸系统疾病史、有慢性呼吸道症状者作为慢阻肺防控的高危人群重点加以关注。

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2025年第41卷第2期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144875
  • 接收时间:2024-05-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-04
  • 修回日期:2024-10-13
  • 录用日期:2024-11-19
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    1河北省疾病预防控制中心,石家庄 050021
    2河北大学,保定 071002

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刘晓丽,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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