Article(id=1321170077664264349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169992024961657, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1144867, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714492800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-01, revisedDate=1725724800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-08, acceptedDate=1740067200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-21, onlineDate=1792921092667, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1744214400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921092667, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921092667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921092667, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169992024961657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='385', pageEnd='512', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744214400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921072250, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921072250, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=432, endPage=437, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170079555895454, articleId=1321170077664264349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=The knee osteoarthritis prevalence and associated influencing factors among adult residents in Urumqi city, columnId=1320427696342020970, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Epidemiological Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its influencing factors among adult residents in Urumqi city, Xinjiang, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of KOA.

Methods

From June to August 2023, an online survey was conducted via Wenjuanxing using electronic questionnaires to investigate the prevalence of KOA and its related influencing factors among 5 000 adult residents aged 18 years old from 12 communities selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in Urumqi city.

Results

Among the 4 638 adult residents in Urumqi city finally included in the analysis, 444 had KOA, with a prevalence rate of 9.6%. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥40 years, sleep disorders, regular lifestyle, history of knee trauma, family history of arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia were risk factors for KOA in adult residents of Urumqi city. Education level of junior high school and above and daily water intake ≥500 mL were protective factors against KOA in adult residents of Urumqi city.

Conclusions

The prevalence of KOA among adult residents in Urumqi city is relatively low. Age, education level, daily water intake, sleep disorders, lifestyle regularity, history of knee trauma, family history of arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia are the main influencing factors of KOA in adult residents in this area.

, authors=Lingyun SHI1, 2, 3, Siqi LI2, Yuan ZHANG1, Jiaxue LI1, Jiaju ZHAO1, Guoliang HOU1, Maimaiti PALIDA1, authorsList=Lingyun SHI, Siqi LI, Yuan ZHANG, Jiaxue LI, Jiaju ZHAO, Guoliang HOU, Maimaiti PALIDA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Maimaiti PALIDA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
MAYMATI Parida, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170080176652449, articleId=1321170077664264349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2023年乌鲁木齐市成年居民膝骨关节炎患病情况及其影响因素分析, columnId=1320427696509793132, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=流行病学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解新疆乌鲁木齐市成年居民膝骨关节炎(KOA)患病情况及其影响因素,为KOA的预防控制提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年6—8月采用电子问卷通过问卷星的方式线上对乌鲁木齐市多阶段随机整群抽取的12个社区共5 000名≥18岁成年居民的KOA患病情况及其相关影响因素进行了调查。

结果

乌鲁木齐市最终纳入分析的4 638名成年居民中,患KOA者444例,KOA患病率为9.6%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥40岁、有睡眠障碍、生活作息规律、既往有膝关节外伤、有关节炎家族史、冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症和高尿酸血症是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的危险因素;文化程度初中及以上和每日饮水量≥500 mL是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的保护因素。

结论

乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病率相对较低,年龄、文化程度、每日饮水量、有无睡眠障碍、生活作息是否规律、既往有无膝关节外伤、有无关节炎家族史以及是否冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症、高尿酸血症是该地区成年居民KOA患病的主要影响因素。

, authors=史凌云1, 2, 3, 李思琦2, 张远1, 李佳雪1, 赵家菊1, 侯国梁1, 帕丽达·买买提1, *, *, authorsList=史凌云, 李思琦, 张远, 李佳雪, 赵家菊, 侯国梁, 帕丽达·买买提, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=帕丽达·买买提, authorNote=

史凌云(1979—),主任护师,博士在读,研究方向:健康护理

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帕丽达·买买提,E-mail:
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Comparison of knee osteoarthritis prevalence among adult residents with different characteristics of gender,age, nationality, BMI,education level,marital status, occupation type, average monthly income (Yuan), residence, smoking and drinking, sleep disorders, regular lifestyle, history of knee trauma, family history of arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia in Urumqi city

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特征分类调查人数KOA患病例数KOA患病率/%χ2值P值
性别男性2 1572109.70.120.726
女性2 4812349.4
年龄/岁<402 4671626.660.51<0.001
40~591 51618111.9
≥6065510115.4
民族汉族3 1662588.123.37<0.001
其他民族1 47218612.6
体质量指数体重过轻315154.813.59<0.001
正常体重2 3431998.5
超重1 42915610.9
肥胖5517413.4
文化程度小学及以下4188921.376.47<0.001
初中/中专/高中1 30814210.9
大专及以上2 9122137.3
婚姻状况非在婚1 264957.58.500.004
在婚3 37434910.3
职业类型办公室工作人员1 8131689.311.370.010
体力劳动者1 2591259.9
常驻户外工作者2483815.3
其他1 3181138.6
月平均收入/元<3 0001 02811210.95.400.020
3 000~4 9991 34614310.6
5 000~7 9991 5171258.2
8 000~9 999447398.7
≥10 000300258.3
居住地城市3 9083348.534.19<0.001
郊区801721.3
农村6509314.3
吸烟情况否3 3643029.05.020.025
是1 27414211.1
饮酒情况否2 2311968.83.080.079
是2 40724810.3
每周锻炼时间/h<12 4112349.70.510.776
1~2.41 5801539.7
≥2.5647578.8
每日盐摄入量/g<6590569.528.49<0.001
6~102 4991716.8
≥111 54921714.0
每日饮水量/mL<50079713216.645.16<0.001
500~9991 7901598.9
≥1 0002 0511537.5
睡眠障碍无3 2142026.3163.21<0.001
有1 22423018.8
生活作息规律否2 0461517.420.34<0.001
是2 59229311.3
工作时需要长时间站立或走动否2 1871858.55.930.015
是2 45125910.6
工作时需要频繁地弯曲或扭转膝盖否2 7842107.533.15<0.001
是1 85423412.6
工作时需要重复进行蹲下或爬楼梯的动作否3 1692427.643.35<0.001
是1 46920213.8
工作时需要承受重物否3604287.859.92<0.001
是1 03416315.8
既往膝关节外伤无41442455.9602.36<0.001
有49419940.3
关节炎家族史否3 4312587.564.22<0.001
是1 20718615.4
冠心病否4 2283598.564.69<0.001
是4108520.7
高血压否3 7853098.547.22<0.001
是85313515.8
糖尿病否4 2273578.470.04<0.001
是4118721.2
高脂血症否4 2633678.656.62<0.001
是3757720.5
高尿酸血症否4 5214209.316.59<0.001
是1172420.5
), ArticleFig(id=1321170084576477403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170077664264349, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乌鲁木齐市不同特征成年居民KOA患病情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数KOA患病例数KOA患病率/%χ2值P值
性别男性2 1572109.70.120.726
女性2 4812349.4
年龄/岁<402 4671626.660.51<0.001
40~591 51618111.9
≥6065510115.4
民族汉族3 1662588.123.37<0.001
其他民族1 47218612.6
体质量指数体重过轻315154.813.59<0.001
正常体重2 3431998.5
超重1 42915610.9
肥胖5517413.4
文化程度小学及以下4188921.376.47<0.001
初中/中专/高中1 30814210.9
大专及以上2 9122137.3
婚姻状况非在婚1 264957.58.500.004
在婚3 37434910.3
职业类型办公室工作人员1 8131689.311.370.010
体力劳动者1 2591259.9
常驻户外工作者2483815.3
其他1 3181138.6
月平均收入/元<3 0001 02811210.95.400.020
3 000~4 9991 34614310.6
5 000~7 9991 5171258.2
8 000~9 999447398.7
≥10 000300258.3
居住地城市3 9083348.534.19<0.001
郊区801721.3
农村6509314.3
吸烟情况否3 3643029.05.020.025
是1 27414211.1
饮酒情况否2 2311968.83.080.079
是2 40724810.3
每周锻炼时间/h<12 4112349.70.510.776
1~2.41 5801539.7
≥2.5647578.8
每日盐摄入量/g<6590569.528.49<0.001
6~102 4991716.8
≥111 54921714.0
每日饮水量/mL<50079713216.645.16<0.001
500~9991 7901598.9
≥1 0002 0511537.5
睡眠障碍无3 2142026.3163.21<0.001
有1 22423018.8
生活作息规律否2 0461517.420.34<0.001
是2 59229311.3
工作时需要长时间站立或走动否2 1871858.55.930.015
是2 45125910.6
工作时需要频繁地弯曲或扭转膝盖否2 7842107.533.15<0.001
是1 85423412.6
工作时需要重复进行蹲下或爬楼梯的动作否3 1692427.643.35<0.001
是1 46920213.8
工作时需要承受重物否3604287.859.92<0.001
是1 03416315.8
既往膝关节外伤无41442455.9602.36<0.001
有49419940.3
关节炎家族史否3 4312587.564.22<0.001
是1 20718615.4
冠心病否4 2283598.564.69<0.001
是4108520.7
高血压否3 7853098.547.22<0.001
是85313515.8
糖尿病否4 2273578.470.04<0.001
是4118721.2
高脂血症否4 2633678.656.62<0.001
是3757720.5
高尿酸血症否4 5214209.316.59<0.001
是1172420.5
), ArticleFig(id=1321170084664557788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170077664264349, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in adult residents of Urumqi city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄/岁40~59<400.5380.15811.567<0.0011.7131.256~2.336
≥600.8270.20815.763<0.0012.2861.520~3.439
文化程度初中/中专/高中小学及以下–0.4910.1906.6900.0100.6120.422~0.888
大专及以上–0.7240.21811.046<0.0010.4850.317~0.743
每日饮水量/mL500~999<500–0.3640.1595.2280.0220.6950.509~0.949
≥1 000–0.5300.16410.4160.0010.5890.427~0.812
睡眠障碍有无0.9490.12260.488<0.0012.5822.033~3.279
生活作息规律是否0.4690.12913.125<0.0011.5981.240~2.060
既往膝关节外伤是否1.9990.133226.046<0.0017.3825.688~9.579
关节炎家族史是否0.7950.12938.001<0.0012.2141.720~2.851
冠心病是否0.6380.16914.227<0.0011.8921.358~2.635
糖尿病是否0.5230.1689.6750.0021.6871.213~2.345
高脂血症是否0.4560.1736.9770.0081.5781.125~2.214
高尿酸血症是否0.6610.2845.4270.0201.9381.111~3.380
), ArticleFig(id=1321170084748443869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170077664264349, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Waldχ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄/岁40~59<400.5380.15811.567<0.0011.7131.256~2.336
≥600.8270.20815.763<0.0012.2861.520~3.439
文化程度初中/中专/高中小学及以下–0.4910.1906.6900.0100.6120.422~0.888
大专及以上–0.7240.21811.046<0.0010.4850.317~0.743
每日饮水量/mL500~999<500–0.3640.1595.2280.0220.6950.509~0.949
≥1 000–0.5300.16410.4160.0010.5890.427~0.812
睡眠障碍有无0.9490.12260.488<0.0012.5822.033~3.279
生活作息规律是否0.4690.12913.125<0.0011.5981.240~2.060
既往膝关节外伤是否1.9990.133226.046<0.0017.3825.688~9.579
关节炎家族史是否0.7950.12938.001<0.0012.2141.720~2.851
冠心病是否0.6380.16914.227<0.0011.8921.358~2.635
糖尿病是否0.5230.1689.6750.0021.6871.213~2.345
高脂血症是否0.4560.1736.9770.0081.5781.125~2.214
高尿酸血症是否0.6610.2845.4270.0201.9381.111~3.380
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2023年乌鲁木齐市成年居民膝骨关节炎患病情况及其影响因素分析
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史凌云 1, 2, 3 , 李思琦 2 , 张远 1 , 李佳雪 1 , 赵家菊 1 , 侯国梁 1 , 帕丽达·买买提 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 流行病学研究 2025,41(4): 432-437
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中国公共卫生 |流行病学研究 2025 , 41 (4) : 432 -437
2023年乌鲁木齐市成年居民膝骨关节炎患病情况及其影响因素分析
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史凌云1, 2, 3, 李思琦2, 张远1, 李佳雪1, 赵家菊1, 侯国梁1, 帕丽达·买买提1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆医科大学护理学院,乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 2新疆医科大学第一附属医院,乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 3新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830000
通讯作者:
帕丽达·买买提,E-mail:
作者简介:

史凌云(1979—),主任护师,博士在读,研究方向:健康护理

The knee osteoarthritis prevalence and associated influencing factors among adult residents in Urumqi city
Lingyun SHI1, 2, 3, Siqi LI2, Yuan ZHANG1, Jiaxue LI1, Jiaju ZHAO1, Guoliang HOU1, Maimaiti PALIDA1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
  • 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Chin
  • 3Xinjiang Regional Center for Population Diseases and Healthcare Research, Urumqi 830000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    MAYMATI Parida, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-04-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144867
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目的

了解新疆乌鲁木齐市成年居民膝骨关节炎(KOA)患病情况及其影响因素,为KOA的预防控制提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年6—8月采用电子问卷通过问卷星的方式线上对乌鲁木齐市多阶段随机整群抽取的12个社区共5 000名≥18岁成年居民的KOA患病情况及其相关影响因素进行了调查。

结果

乌鲁木齐市最终纳入分析的4 638名成年居民中,患KOA者444例,KOA患病率为9.6%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥40岁、有睡眠障碍、生活作息规律、既往有膝关节外伤、有关节炎家族史、冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症和高尿酸血症是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的危险因素;文化程度初中及以上和每日饮水量≥500 mL是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的保护因素。

结论

乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病率相对较低,年龄、文化程度、每日饮水量、有无睡眠障碍、生活作息是否规律、既往有无膝关节外伤、有无关节炎家族史以及是否冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症、高尿酸血症是该地区成年居民KOA患病的主要影响因素。

膝骨关节炎(KOA)  /  患病  /  影响因素  /  成年居民  /  乌鲁木齐市
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its influencing factors among adult residents in Urumqi city, Xinjiang, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of KOA.

Methods

From June to August 2023, an online survey was conducted via Wenjuanxing using electronic questionnaires to investigate the prevalence of KOA and its related influencing factors among 5 000 adult residents aged 18 years old from 12 communities selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in Urumqi city.

Results

Among the 4 638 adult residents in Urumqi city finally included in the analysis, 444 had KOA, with a prevalence rate of 9.6%. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥40 years, sleep disorders, regular lifestyle, history of knee trauma, family history of arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia were risk factors for KOA in adult residents of Urumqi city. Education level of junior high school and above and daily water intake ≥500 mL were protective factors against KOA in adult residents of Urumqi city.

Conclusions

The prevalence of KOA among adult residents in Urumqi city is relatively low. Age, education level, daily water intake, sleep disorders, lifestyle regularity, history of knee trauma, family history of arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia are the main influencing factors of KOA in adult residents in this area.

knee osteoarthritis (KOA)  /  prevalence  /  influencing factors  /  adult residents  /  Urumqi city
史凌云, 李思琦, 张远, 李佳雪, 赵家菊, 侯国梁, 帕丽达·买买提. 2023年乌鲁木齐市成年居民膝骨关节炎患病情况及其影响因素分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (4) : 432 -437 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144867
Lingyun SHI, Siqi LI, Yuan ZHANG, Jiaxue LI, Jiaju ZHAO, Guoliang HOU, Maimaiti PALIDA. The knee osteoarthritis prevalence and associated influencing factors among adult residents in Urumqi city[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (4) : 432 -437 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144867
骨关节炎(osteoarthritis, OA)是一种关节软骨的退行性病变,其主要特征为持续性疼痛和渐进性运动能力下降[1]。根据发病部位的不同,OA可分为多个亚型,其中膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis, KOA)的发病率尤为显著,是导致劳动力丧失的重要疾病负担[2]。有研究表明,在全球≥15岁人群中,KOA的患病率高达16%,其患病率会随着年龄的增长而逐渐上升,且KOA患病率前5位的国家大多位于亚洲地区[3]。KOA患者常因慢性疼痛而表现出失眠、焦虑以及工作效率和生活质量的明显下降,同时还会因无法进行适当的身体锻炼而促使其他基础疾病的发生和发展,从而严重危害身体健康[4]。目前针对KOA的治疗效果不尽如人意,非甾体类抗炎药(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs)通常用于早期KOA的治疗,但长期服用此类药物常伴有胃肠道不适等不良反应[5],尽管膝关节置换术在治疗严重型KOA方面可能取得了良好效果,但其所带来的经济负担同样不可忽视[6],因此早期对KOA进行预防干预具有重要意义。为了解新疆乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病情况及其影响因素,为KOA的预防和控制提供参考依据,本研究于2023年6—8月采用电子问卷通过问卷星的方式线上对新疆乌鲁木齐市多阶段随机整群抽取的12个社区共5 000名≥18岁成年居民的KOA患病情况及其相关影响因素进行了调查。结果报告如下。
采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,首先在乌鲁木齐市随机抽取新市区、天山区、头屯河区和米东区4个行政区作为样本地区,然后在每个样本地区分别随机抽取3个社区共12个社区作为样本社区,最后将12个样本社区中全部≥18岁成年居民作为调查对象进行问卷调查。本研究经新疆医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审查批准(批号:230306-112),且所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书。本次调查共发放问卷5 000份,回收有效问卷4638份,问卷有效回收率为92.8%。
采用自行设计调查问卷,在与乌鲁木齐市各样本社区卫生服务中心负责人取得联系后,通过问卷星平台将问卷发放至各社区卫生服务中心负责人,由社区卫生服务中心工作人员统一发放至参与调查的居民,要求调查对象当天完成填写,问卷回收后由≥2名经过统一培训的调查员对问卷进行审核,剔除作答时间<5 min及作答率<85%的问卷。问卷内容包括性别、年龄、民族、身高、体重、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业类型、月平均收入、居住地、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、每周锻炼时间、每日盐摄入量、每日饮水量、有无睡眠障碍、生活作息是否规律、工作时是否需要长时间站立或走动、工作时是否需要频繁弯曲或扭转膝盖、工作时是否需要重复进行蹲下或爬楼梯的动作、工作时是否需要承受重物、既往有无膝关节外伤、有无关节炎家族史以及冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、高尿酸血症和KOA等并根据自报身高和体重计算体质量指数(BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。其中,吸烟指一生中吸烟量≥100支[7];饮酒指每周摄入乙醇>30 g(相当于50 mL白酒/1 000 mL啤酒/100 mL红酒或黄酒)且持续≥1年‌‌[8];冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、高尿酸血症和KOA等疾病史指曾被二级及以上医疗机构确诊;体质量指数<18.5为体重过轻,18.5~23.9为正常体重,24.0~27.9为超重,≥28.0为肥胖[9]。
采用Excel 2019建立数据库,应用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行一般描述性分析、χ2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
乌鲁木齐市最终纳入分析的4 638名成年居民中,男性2 157人(46.51%),女性2 481人(53.49%);年龄<40岁2 467人(53.19%),40~59岁1 516人(32.69%),≥60岁655人(14.12%);汉族3 166人(68.26%),少数民族1 472人(31.74%);体重过轻315人(6.79%),正常体重2 343人(50.52%),超重1 429人(30.81%),肥胖551人(11.88%);文化程度小学及以下418人(9.01%),初中/中专/高中1 308人(28.20%),大专及以上2 912人(62.79%);婚姻状况非在婚1 264人(27.25%),在婚3 374人(72.75%);职业类型为办公室工作人员1 813人(39.09%),体力劳动者1 259人(27.15%),常驻户外工作者248人(5.35%),其他1 318人(28.42%);月平均收入<3 000元1 028人(22.16%),3 000~4 999元1 346人(29.02%),5 000~7 999元1 517人(32.71%),8 000~9 999元447人(9.64%),≥10 000元300人(6.47%);居住在城市3 908人(84.26%),城郊80人(1.72%),农村650人(14.01%);不吸烟3 364人(72.53%),吸烟1 274人(27.47%);不饮酒2 231人(48.10%),饮酒2 407人(51.90%);每周锻炼时间<1 h者2 411人(51.98%),1~2.4 h者1 580人(34.07%),≥2.5 h者647人(13.95%);每日盐摄入量<6 g者590人(12.72%),6~10 g者2 499人(53.88%),≥11 g者1 549人(33.40%);每日饮水量<500 mL者797人(17.18%),500~999 mL者1 790人(38.59%),≥1 000 mL者2 051人(44.22%);无睡眠障碍3 214人(73.61%),有睡眠障碍1 224人(26.39%);生活作息不规律2 046人(44.11%),规律2 592人(55.89%);工作时不需要长时间站立或走动2 187人(47.15%),需要长时间站立或走动2 451人(52.85%);工作时不需要频繁弯曲或扭转膝盖2 784人(60.03%),需要频繁弯曲或扭转膝盖1 854 人(39.97%);工作时不需要重复进行蹲下或爬楼梯的动作3 169人(68.33%),需要重复进行蹲下或爬楼梯的动作1 469人(31.67%);工作时不需要承受重物3 604人(77.71%),需要承受重物1 034人(22.29%);既往无膝关节外伤4 144人(89.35%),有膝关节外伤494人(10.65%);无关节炎家族史3 431人(73.98%),有关节炎家族史1 207人(26.02%);非冠心病4 228人(91.16%),冠心病410例(8.84%);非高血压3 785人(81.61%),高血压853例(18.39%);非糖尿病4 227人(91.14%),糖尿病411例(8.86%);非高脂血症4 263人(91.91%),高脂血症375例(8.09%);非高尿酸血症4 521人(97.48%),高尿酸血症117例(2.52%)。
乌鲁木齐市最终纳入分析的4 638名成年居民中,患KOA者444例,KOA患病率为9.6%;乌鲁木齐市不同特征成年居民比较,不同年龄、民族、体质量指数、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业类型、月平均收入、居住地、吸烟情况、每日盐摄入量、每日饮水量、有无睡眠障碍、生活作息是否规律、工作时是否需要长时间站立或走动、工作时是否需要频繁弯曲或扭转膝盖、工作时是否需要重复进行蹲下或爬楼梯的动作、工作时是否需要承受重物、既往有无膝关节外伤、有无关节炎家族史、是否冠心病、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否高脂血症和是否高尿酸血症成年居民KOA患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
以乌鲁木齐市成年居民是否患KOA为因变量(0=否,1=是),以年龄、民族、体质量指数、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业类型、月平均收入、居住地、吸烟情况、每日盐摄入量、每日饮水量、有无睡眠障碍、生活作息是否规律、工作时是否需要长时间站立或走动、工作时是否需要频繁弯曲或扭转膝盖、工作时是否需要重复进行蹲下或爬楼梯的动作、工作时是否需要承受重物、既往有无膝关节外伤、有无关节炎家族史、是否冠心病、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否高脂血症和是否高尿酸血症共24个因素为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示,年龄≥40岁、有睡眠障碍、生活作息规律、既往有膝关节外伤、有关节炎家族史、冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症和高尿酸血症是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的危险因素,文化程度初中及以上和每日饮水量≥500 mL是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的保护因素。
随着人口老龄化进程的加速和肥胖人群的增加,KOA的患病率一直处于上升趋势[1]。本次调查结果显示,乌鲁木齐市成年居民的KOA患病率为9.6%,略低于中国中老年人KOA患病率的9.95%[10]和天津市农村地区中老年居民的10.3%[11],提示乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病率相对较低。
本研究结果显示,年龄≥40岁是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的危险因素。这可能是因为KOA属于退行性疾病,与年龄密切相关,随着年龄的增长,关节软骨组织的自我修复能力不足以有效对抗局部或全身性疾病对膝关节的损伤和破坏[12],因此年龄较大居民KOA的患病率较高。一项整合多篇文献的荟萃分析结果亦显示,≥40岁人群发生KOA的风险明显高于<40岁人群[13],与本研究结果一致。此外,遗传因素是KOA的一个重要原因,既往研究表明中国汉族人群的D14等位基因与KOA易感性呈相关性[14]。本研究结果亦显示,有关节炎家族史成年居民KOA的患病风险是无关节炎家族史成年居民的2.214倍(OR=2.214,95%CI=1.720~2.851)。
研究表明,机械性膝关节负荷的增加或外伤是KOA患病的重要危险因素,导致膝关节物理负荷增加的因素,如肥胖和长期剧烈运动等均可能加速膝关节的损伤[15]。此外,膝关节外伤可能对膝关节软骨、半月板、韧带和周围肌肉的结构或功能造成影响,引发炎症损伤,促进KOA的发生[16],因此本研究中既往有膝关节外伤成年居民的KOA患病风险较高。值得注意的是,虽然膝关节外伤对KOA患病有明显影响[17],但KOA患者发生外伤的机会同样也会有所增加,因此应谨慎对待此结论。类似地,本研究结果中可能受到因果倒置影响的因素还包括睡眠障碍和生活作息规律。研究表明,KOA患者由于慢性炎症疼痛刺激会导致睡眠障碍[18],但也有研究表明较差的睡眠质量会增加KOA的患病风险[19],因此在今后的研究中仍需进一步探索KOA患病与睡眠障碍之间的关系。生活作息规律是KOA发病危险因素,一方面,有研究表明,生活作息规律可能涉及特定的日常活动模式,例如长时间重复的活动(如跪地、深蹲和职业性体力劳动等),这些活动增加了膝关节的机械负荷,从而加速关节软骨的退化[20],同时Jayabalan P等[21]研究表明过于规律的生活方式可能减少活动模式的多样性,而多样化的活动则有助于膝关节的健康;另一方面,KOA患者活动功能往往受限,因此在本研究中生活作息规律者的KOA患病率却较低。
早期研究认为KOA主要是由膝关节的局部炎症性病变或损伤引起的,然而近年来,随着对KOA认识的深入和对慢性疾病机制性研究的不断拓展,越来越多的证据表明KOA的发生和发展与代谢综合征密切相关[22–24]。代谢综合征是一组相互关联的生理、生化和代谢紊乱相关疾病,主要与冠脉血管疾病和2型糖尿病相关[25]。对于糖尿病患者来说,持续高血糖导致的全身组织广泛慢性炎症刺激是其基本特征,膝关节处的炎症由终末糖基化产物积累所致,这将增加糖尿病患者患KOA的敏感性,特别是由于膝关节血供较差,因糖尿病引起的小动脉病变可使膝关节的营养物质供应更加不足[26];此外,患有糖尿病的成年人往往伴有肥胖,且在直立状态下膝关节更易受到机械性损伤,这些因素均会导致慢性炎症性疾病患者KOA患病风险的大大增加[25,27]。本研究结果亦显示,患冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症和高尿酸血症成年居民KOA的患病风险显著增加。
本研究结果显示,文化程度初中及以上是乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病的保护因素,这可能是因为文化程度较高者从事的体力劳动较少,因此膝关节不容易受到重力损伤。本研究中,每日饮水量500~999 和≥1 000 mL成年居民KOA的患病风险分别为每日饮水量<500 mL成年居民的0.695倍(OR=0.695,95%CI=0.509~0.949)和0.589倍(OR=0.589,95%CI=0.427~0.812)。有研究表明,充足的饮水摄入量可促进滑膜液生成增加、降低炎症并促进新生软骨细胞的发育[28],因此足量饮水可能对膝关节具有保护作用。
综上所述,乌鲁木齐市成年居民KOA患病率相对较低,年龄、文化程度、每日饮水量、有无睡眠障碍、生活作息是否规律、既往有无膝关节外伤、有无关节炎家族史以及是否冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症、高尿酸血症是该地区成年居民KOA患病的主要影响因素,该结果可为KOA的预防控制提供参考依据。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性:首先,由于本研究为横断面调查,无法确定疾病的因果关系,只能揭示变量之间的关联;其次,本研究分析数据均为调查对象自我报告,可能会存在回忆偏倚,尤其是在疾病状况和生活方式的报告上;再次,本研究样本仅限于乌鲁木齐市成年居民,可能无法代表其他地区的情况;最后,尽管考虑了多种潜在的混杂因素,但仍可能有相关因素未被纳入而影响最终结果。因此,在今后的研究中应收集更多的样本数据进行纵向研究设计以进一步验证本研究结果。

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2025年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144867
  • 接收时间:2024-05-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-01
  • 修回日期:2024-09-08
  • 录用日期:2025-02-21
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    1新疆医科大学护理学院,乌鲁木齐 830000
    2新疆医科大学第一附属医院,乌鲁木齐 830000
    3新疆区域人群疾病与健康照护研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830000

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