Article(id=1321169905597133805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169839390053177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1144769, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713542400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-20, revisedDate=1727280000000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-26, acceptedDate=1744128000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-09, onlineDate=1792921051643, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921051643, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921051643, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921051643, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169839390053177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='6', pageStart='641', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749484800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921035859, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921035859, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=735, endPage=739, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169906016564206, articleId=1321169905597133805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Relationship between resting heart rate and detection of carotid plaques in high-risk individuals with cardiovascular disease in Nanjing city: a cross-sectional study, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the relationship between resting heart rate and the detection rate of carotid plaques in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, and to provide a reference for reducing the risk of CVD events in this population.

Methods

From January 2020 to December 2021, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 38 488 permanent residents aged 35 - 79 years from Jianye district, Pukou district, Lishui district, Gaochun district, and Jiangbei New Area in Nanjing city. Participants underwent questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and carotid ultrasound examinations to screen for high CVD risk. The 8 905 individuals identified as high-risk for CVD were divided into five groups based on their resting heart rate: ≤ 60, 61 - 70, 71 - 80, 81 - 90, and ≥ 91 beats/min. The detection rates of carotid plaques were compared among the different resting heart rate groups. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between resting heart rate and carotid plaque detection.

Results

The detection rate of carotid plaques in the 8 905 high-risk CVD individuals in Nanjing city was 39.97%. The detection rates in men and women were 42.99% and 36.25%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 41.81, P < 0.001). The detection rates of carotid plaques in the high-risk CVD individuals with resting heart rates of ≤ 60, 61 - 70, 71 - 80, 81 - 90, and ≥ 91 beats/min were 39.65%, 35.37%, 38.56%, 39.77%, and 49.80%, respectively. In men, the corresponding rates were 42.64%, 37.62%, 40.07%, 43.16%, and 54.00%, and in women, they were 36.50%, 32.77%, 36.71%, 35.28%, and 42.16%. Statistically significant differences were observed in the detection rates of carotid plaques among different resting heart rate groups in both the overall high-risk CVD population and in men and women separately (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors including sex, age, education level, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index, and central obesity, multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with a resting heart rate ≥ 91 beats/min had a 1.26-fold higher risk of carotid plaque detection compared to those with a resting heart rate ≤ 60 beats/min (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.07 - 1.68). After adjusting for age, education level, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index, and central obesity, multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that men with a resting heart rate ≥ 91 beats/min had a 1.62-fold higher risk of carotid plaque detection compared to men with a resting heart rate ≤60 beats/min (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.16 - 2.18).

Conclusions

The detection rate of carotid plaques is high in the high-risk CVD population in Nanjing city. A resting heart rate ≥ 91 beats/min is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque detection in high-risk CVD individuals, especially men.

, authors=Zimeng ZHOU1, 2, Xin HONG1, 2, Cheng ZHANG1, 2, Jinglei LI1, 2, authorsList=Zimeng ZHOU, Xin HONG, Cheng ZHANG, Jinglei LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin HONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HONG Xin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169906700235761, articleId=1321169905597133805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=南京市心血管病高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况关系, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨江苏省南京市心血管病(CVD)高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况的关系,为降低CVD高危人群心血管疾病的发生风险提供参考依据。

方法

于2020年1月—2021年12月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在南京市建邺区、浦口区、溧水区、高淳区和江北新区抽取38 488名35~79岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检测和颈动脉超声检查,并筛查CVD高危人群,将筛查出的8 905名CVD高危人群按静息心率测量值分为≤60、61~70、71~80、81~90和≥91次/分5组,比较不同静息心率组CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率,应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析CVD高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出的关系。

结果

南京市8 905名CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率为39.97%,其中男性和女性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率分别为42.99%和36.25%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.81,P<0.001);静息心率≤60、61~70、71~80、81~90和≥91次/分CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率分别为39.65%、35.37%、38.56%、39.77%和49.80%,男性CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率分别为42.64%、37.62%、40.07%、43.16%和54.00%,女性CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率分别为36.50%、32.77%、36.71%、35.28%和42.16%,不同静息心率CVD高危人群以及男性和女性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质量指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分CVD高危人群的1.26倍(OR=1.26,95%CI=1.07~1.68);在调整了年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分男性CVD高危人群的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.16~2.18)。

结论

南京市CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率较高,静息心率≥91次/分为CVD高危人群尤其是男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出的独立危险因素。

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周梓萌(1995—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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洪忻,E-mail:
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Comparison of carotid plaque detection among high-risk CVD populations with different characteristics in Nanjing city

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特征分类总CVD高危人群男性CVD高危人群女性CVD高危人群
高危人数检出例数检出率/%高危人数检出例数检出率/%高危人数检出例数检出率/%
年龄/岁35~592 71167524.901 60143427.111 11024121.71
60~796 1942 88446.56 a3 3091 67750.68 a2 8851 20741.84 a
文化程度小学及以下4 8442 14444.262 1201 05849.912 7241 08639.87
中学3 7171 31235.302 54797738.361 17033528.63
大专及以上34410329.94 a2437631.28 a1012726.73 a
婚姻状况非在婚87238143.6932915647.4254322541.44
在婚8 0333 17839.56 a4 5811 95542.683 4521 22335.43 a
吸烟情况不吸烟5 7652 21838.471 83278843.013 9331 43036.36
吸烟3 1401 34142.71 a3 0781 32342.98621829.03
饮酒情况不饮酒6 4102 51539.242 6491 15243.493 7611 36336.24
饮酒2 4951 04441.84 a2 26195942.412348536.32
高血压否1 77863535.7184535942.4993327629.58
是7 1272 92441.03 a4 0651 75243.103 0621 17238.28 a
糖尿病否5 3172 08539.213 0081 29443.022 30979134.26
是3 5881 47441.081 90281742.961 68665738.97 a
血脂异常否4 0131 72843.062 4001 11246.331 61361638.19
是4 8921 83137.43 a2 51099939.80 a2 38283234.93 a
体质量指数体重过轻1093935.78612236.07481735.42
正常体重2 5271 05941.911 36363646.661 16442336.34
超重4 1051 64940.172 3371 01443.391 76863535.92
肥胖2 16481237.52 a1 14943938.21 a1 01537336.75
中心型肥胖否3 9201 56639.952 3301 02543.991 59054134.03
是4 9851 99339.982 5801 08642.092 40590737.71 a
静息心率/(次/分)≤603 1271 24039.651 60968642.641 51855436.50
61~7078627835.3742816137.6235711732.77
71~801 65763938.5691636740.0774127236.71
81~902 5801 02639.771 46963443.161 11139235.28
≥9175537649.80 a48726354.00 a26811342.16 a
), ArticleFig(id=1321169910747738142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169905597133805, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

南京市不同特征CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类总CVD高危人群男性CVD高危人群女性CVD高危人群
高危人数检出例数检出率/%高危人数检出例数检出率/%高危人数检出例数检出率/%
年龄/岁35~592 71167524.901 60143427.111 11024121.71
60~796 1942 88446.56 a3 3091 67750.68 a2 8851 20741.84 a
文化程度小学及以下4 8442 14444.262 1201 05849.912 7241 08639.87
中学3 7171 31235.302 54797738.361 17033528.63
大专及以上34410329.94 a2437631.28 a1012726.73 a
婚姻状况非在婚87238143.6932915647.4254322541.44
在婚8 0333 17839.56 a4 5811 95542.683 4521 22335.43 a
吸烟情况不吸烟5 7652 21838.471 83278843.013 9331 43036.36
吸烟3 1401 34142.71 a3 0781 32342.98621829.03
饮酒情况不饮酒6 4102 51539.242 6491 15243.493 7611 36336.24
饮酒2 4951 04441.84 a2 26195942.412348536.32
高血压否1 77863535.7184535942.4993327629.58
是7 1272 92441.03 a4 0651 75243.103 0621 17238.28 a
糖尿病否5 3172 08539.213 0081 29443.022 30979134.26
是3 5881 47441.081 90281742.961 68665738.97 a
血脂异常否4 0131 72843.062 4001 11246.331 61361638.19
是4 8921 83137.43 a2 51099939.80 a2 38283234.93 a
体质量指数体重过轻1093935.78612236.07481735.42
正常体重2 5271 05941.911 36363646.661 16442336.34
超重4 1051 64940.172 3371 01443.391 76863535.92
肥胖2 16481237.52 a1 14943938.21 a1 01537336.75
中心型肥胖否3 9201 56639.952 3301 02543.991 59054134.03
是4 9851 99339.982 5801 08642.092 40590737.71 a
静息心率/(次/分)≤603 1271 24039.651 60968642.641 51855436.50
61~7078627835.3742816137.6235711732.77
71~801 65763938.5691636740.0774127236.71
81~902 5801 02639.771 46963443.161 11139235.28
≥9175537649.80 a48726354.00 a26811342.16 a
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南京市心血管病高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况关系
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周梓萌 1, 2 , 洪忻 1, 2, *, * , 张成 1, 2 , 李菁蕾 1, 2
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(6): 735-739
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (6) : 735 -739
南京市心血管病高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况关系
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周梓萌1, 2, 洪忻1, 2, *, * , 张成1, 2, 李菁蕾1, 2
作者信息
  • 1南京医科大学附属南京疾病预防控制中心慢病防制科,南京 210008
  • 2徐州医科大学公共卫生学院,徐州 221004
通讯作者:
洪忻,E-mail:
作者简介:

周梓萌(1995—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

Relationship between resting heart rate and detection of carotid plaques in high-risk individuals with cardiovascular disease in Nanjing city: a cross-sectional study
Zimeng ZHOU1, 2, Xin HONG1, 2 , Cheng ZHANG1, 2, Jinglei LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
  • 2School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HONG Xin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-06-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144769
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目的

探讨江苏省南京市心血管病(CVD)高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况的关系,为降低CVD高危人群心血管疾病的发生风险提供参考依据。

方法

于2020年1月—2021年12月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在南京市建邺区、浦口区、溧水区、高淳区和江北新区抽取38 488名35~79岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检测和颈动脉超声检查,并筛查CVD高危人群,将筛查出的8 905名CVD高危人群按静息心率测量值分为≤60、61~70、71~80、81~90和≥91次/分5组,比较不同静息心率组CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率,应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析CVD高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出的关系。

结果

南京市8 905名CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率为39.97%,其中男性和女性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率分别为42.99%和36.25%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.81,P<0.001);静息心率≤60、61~70、71~80、81~90和≥91次/分CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率分别为39.65%、35.37%、38.56%、39.77%和49.80%,男性CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率分别为42.64%、37.62%、40.07%、43.16%和54.00%,女性CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率分别为36.50%、32.77%、36.71%、35.28%和42.16%,不同静息心率CVD高危人群以及男性和女性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质量指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分CVD高危人群的1.26倍(OR=1.26,95%CI=1.07~1.68);在调整了年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分男性CVD高危人群的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.16~2.18)。

结论

南京市CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率较高,静息心率≥91次/分为CVD高危人群尤其是男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出的独立危险因素。

颈动脉斑块  /  检出情况  /  静息心率  /  关系  /  心血管病(CVD)  /  高危人群  /  南京市
Objective

To investigate the relationship between resting heart rate and the detection rate of carotid plaques in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, and to provide a reference for reducing the risk of CVD events in this population.

Methods

From January 2020 to December 2021, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 38 488 permanent residents aged 35 - 79 years from Jianye district, Pukou district, Lishui district, Gaochun district, and Jiangbei New Area in Nanjing city. Participants underwent questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and carotid ultrasound examinations to screen for high CVD risk. The 8 905 individuals identified as high-risk for CVD were divided into five groups based on their resting heart rate: ≤ 60, 61 - 70, 71 - 80, 81 - 90, and ≥ 91 beats/min. The detection rates of carotid plaques were compared among the different resting heart rate groups. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between resting heart rate and carotid plaque detection.

Results

The detection rate of carotid plaques in the 8 905 high-risk CVD individuals in Nanjing city was 39.97%. The detection rates in men and women were 42.99% and 36.25%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 41.81, P < 0.001). The detection rates of carotid plaques in the high-risk CVD individuals with resting heart rates of ≤ 60, 61 - 70, 71 - 80, 81 - 90, and ≥ 91 beats/min were 39.65%, 35.37%, 38.56%, 39.77%, and 49.80%, respectively. In men, the corresponding rates were 42.64%, 37.62%, 40.07%, 43.16%, and 54.00%, and in women, they were 36.50%, 32.77%, 36.71%, 35.28%, and 42.16%. Statistically significant differences were observed in the detection rates of carotid plaques among different resting heart rate groups in both the overall high-risk CVD population and in men and women separately (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors including sex, age, education level, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index, and central obesity, multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with a resting heart rate ≥ 91 beats/min had a 1.26-fold higher risk of carotid plaque detection compared to those with a resting heart rate ≤ 60 beats/min (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.07 - 1.68). After adjusting for age, education level, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index, and central obesity, multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that men with a resting heart rate ≥ 91 beats/min had a 1.62-fold higher risk of carotid plaque detection compared to men with a resting heart rate ≤60 beats/min (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.16 - 2.18).

Conclusions

The detection rate of carotid plaques is high in the high-risk CVD population in Nanjing city. A resting heart rate ≥ 91 beats/min is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque detection in high-risk CVD individuals, especially men.

carotid plaque  /  detection rate  /  resting heart rate  /  relationship  /  cardiovascular disease (CVD)  /  high-risk population  /  Nanjing city
周梓萌, 洪忻, 张成, 李菁蕾. 南京市心血管病高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况关系. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (6) : 735 -739 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144769
Zimeng ZHOU, Xin HONG, Cheng ZHANG, Jinglei LI. Relationship between resting heart rate and detection of carotid plaques in high-risk individuals with cardiovascular disease in Nanjing city: a cross-sectional study[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (6) : 735 -739 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144769
心血管病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)已成为严重威胁中国居民健康的头号杀手[1],近年来我国CVD患病率处于持续上升阶段,其疾病负担亦日渐加重。静息心率增加是CVD的危险因素,有研究表明静息心率增加与CVD事件发生风险和全因死亡风险均相关[2]。而动脉粥样硬化是CVD的病理基础,颈动脉则是反映全身动脉粥样硬化病变的一个“窗口”,其可反映全身动脉粥样硬化斑块的负荷,对CVD事件的发生具有良好的预测价值[3]。为探讨江苏省南京CVD高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况的关系,为降低CVD高危人群CVD的发生风险提供参考依据,本研究于2020年1月—2021年12月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在南京市建邺区、浦口区、溧水区、高淳区和江北新区抽取38 488名35~79岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、实验室检测和颈动脉超声检查,并筛查CVD高危人群,将筛查出的8 905名CVD高危人群进按静息心率测量值分为≤60、61~70、71~80、81~90和≥91次/分5组,比较不同静息心率组CVD高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率,应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析CVD高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出的关系。结果报告如下。
采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,首先按照地理位置和经济发展水平选取南京市建邺区、浦口区、溧水区、高淳区和江北新区5个区作为样本地区;其次整群抽取每个样本地区覆盖的所有街道/乡镇作为样本街道/乡镇;再次按人口规模排序的系统抽样方法在每个样本街道/乡镇分别随机抽取4个居委会/行政村作为样本居委会/行政村;从次在每个样本居委会/行政村以≥60户的规模划分为若干个居民/村民小组,采用简单随机抽样方法随机抽取2个居民/村民小组作为样本居民/村民小组;最后在每个样本居民/村民小组随机抽取60户,将每户中全部35~79岁且在当地居住≥6个月的常住居民作为调查对象进行CVD高危人群筛查。本研究经南京市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查批准(批号:PJ2020-B001-01)且所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书。本次应调查38 488人,实际调查38 428人,应答率为99.84%。本研究对筛查出的8 905名CVD高危人群的相关数据进行静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出关系的分析。
采用中国疾病预防控制中心慢病中心设计的调查问卷,由经过统一培训的调查员进行面访调查,内容包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况以及高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常既往疾病史和用药史等。其中,吸烟指调查时有吸烟行为且连续或累计吸烟≥6个月[4];饮酒指近12个月平均饮酒次数≥1次/周[5];高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常既往疾病史指曾在乡镇及以上级别医院确诊患有高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常。
由经过统一培训的体检人员进行身高、体重、腰围、血压和静息心率的测量。身高体重采用电子身高体重仪测量,筛查对象脱去鞋帽,着轻便衣服,身高和体重读数分别精确到0.1 cm和0.1 kg,并计算体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2;腰围采用软皮尺围绕腹部放置在髂前上嵴和12肋下缘连线的中点水平进行测量;血压的测量采用HBP-1300欧姆龙电子血压计(日本欧姆龙公司),共测量3次血压,每次间隔1 min,取后2次血压值的平均值作为最终血压值,高血压指收缩压≥140 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.1333 kPa)和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg,或调查前被乡镇及以上级别医院诊断为高血压,或近2周服用降压药物[6];静息心率应用EG-9130P心电图机(日本光电公司)记录平卧位12导联心电图,选择II导联连续描记5个QRS波群,测量RR间期,以平均RR间期计算静息心率,本研究将受试者静息心率分为≤60、61~70、71~80、81~90和≥91次/分5组。根据《成人体重判定》标准[7],体质量指数<18.5为体重过低,18.5~23.9为正常体重,24.0~27.9为超重,≥28.0为肥胖;根据《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》[8],中心型肥胖指男性腰围≥90 cm、女性腰围≥85 cm。
抽取调查对象空腹8~12 h静脉血6 mL,送各项目点指定实验室检测空腹血糖(fasting blood-glucose,FPG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC) 、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG) 、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C) 和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)。糖尿病指FPG≥7.0 mmol/L或自报在过去2周内服用降糖药物[9];血脂异常指血清中TC≥6.2 mmol/L或TG≥ 2.3 mmol/L或LDL-C≥4.1 mmol/L或HDL-C<1.0 mmol/L,或自报在过去2周内服用降脂药物[10]。
由经过统一培训的专业超声医生使用经过统一并校对的美国GE Voluson E10 三维彩色多普勒超声诊断系统 (仪器探头为 L2-12 线阵探头,频率 5.0~12.0 MHz)分别对颈总动脉、颈动脉分叉处、颈内动脉和颈外动脉进行彩色超声检查,依次测量左右颈总动脉近段、中段、远段共6个点的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(carotid intima-media thickness,cIMT) ,并记录数值及是否存在斑块。斑块形成指cIMT≥1.5 mm或比临近cIMT增厚>0.5 mm或有>50%凸向管腔[11]。
符合下述标准中任何1项即可判定为CVD高危人群: (1)既往有CVD病史;(2)空腹状态下的TC≥7.2 mmol/L或LDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L;(3)采用中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险预测(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China,China-PAR)进行为期10年的CVD风险评估并进行风险分层,其中10年CVD风险≥10%为高危[12];(4)采用国人缺血性心血管病(Ischemic cardiovascular diseases,ICVD)10年发病危险评估表,确定对应的绝对危险度并划分10年绝对风险等级,其中绝对危险度≥10%为高危[13]。
应用 SPSS 25.0 统计软件进行数据分析。定量资料采用$ \overline{x}\pm s $描述,采用方差分析进行组间比较;定性资料用频数和构成比(%) 进行统计描述,组间差异采用Pearson χ2检验。采用多因素非条件logistic 回归模型分析CVD高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出情况的关系,计算OR值及其95%CI 。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
南京市纳入分析的8 905名CVD高危人群中,男性4 910人(55.13%),女性3 995人(44.87%);年龄35~59岁2 711人(30.44%),60~79岁6 194人(69.56%) ;文化程度小学及以下4 844人(54.40%),中学3 717人(41.73%),大专及以上344人(3.86%) ;婚姻状况非在婚872人(9.80%),在婚8 033人(90.21%) ;不吸烟5 765人(64.75%),吸烟3 140人(35.25%);不饮酒6 410人(71.99%),饮酒2 495人 (28.01%);非高血压者1 778人(19.97%),高血压者7 127例(80.03%);非糖尿病者5 317人 (59.70%),糖尿病者3 588例(40.30%);非血脂异常者4 013人(45.06%),血脂异常者4 892例(54.94%);体重过轻109人(1.22%),正常体重2 527人(28.37%),超重4 105人(46.10%),肥胖2 164人(24.30%);非中心型肥胖3 920人(44.01%),中心型肥胖者4 985人(55.99%);静息心率≤60次/分755人(8.48%),61~70次/分2 580人(28.97%),71~80次/分3 127人(35.12%),81~90次/分1 657人(18.61%),≥91次/分786人(8.83%)。
南京市纳入分析的8 905名CVD高危人群中,检出颈动脉斑块3 559例,颈动脉斑块检出率为39.97%;其中,男性和女性高危人群的颈动脉斑块检出率分别为42.99%(2 111/4 910)和36.25%(1 448/3 995),差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.81,P<0.001)。南京市不同特征CVD高危人群比较,不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体质量指数、静息心率及是否高血压、血脂异常CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同特征男性CVD高危人群比较,不同年龄、文化程度、体质量指数、静息心率和是否血脂异常男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同特征女性CVD高危人群比较,不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、静息心率及是否高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、中心型肥胖女性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质量指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分CVD高危人群的1.26倍(OR=1.26,95%CI=1.07~1.68);在调整了年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质量指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分男性CVD高危人群的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.16~2.18)。
本研究结果显示,南京市CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率为39.97%,略高于江苏省CVD高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目中颈动脉斑块检出率的36.7%,这可能与CVD高危人群的性别构成、年龄范围和诊断依据等不同有关。研究表明,年龄增长是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素[14],这可能是因为随着年龄的增长,动脉血管壁弹力纤维消耗,胶原纤维增多,动脉僵硬度增加,使动脉弹性减退,从而导致动脉损害加重[15]。而静息心率随着年龄增长会逐渐减慢[14],本研究中颈动脉斑块检出率随着年龄的增加而增加,与既往研究结果一致[16]。
在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质量指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分CVD高危人群的1.26倍(OR=1.26,95%CI=1.07~1.68),提示静息心率的增加与动脉斑块的检出风险密切相关。这可能是因为心率的增加能造成血管内皮损伤、氧化应激和炎症反应,促进动脉粥样硬化[17],而动脉粥样硬化是CVD事件发生的病理基础,因此动脉粥样硬化可能是静息心率与CVD发生之间的中间过程[18];与此同时,静息心率加快能引起交感神经张力增高,进而导致神经内分泌因子增多,部分神经内分泌因子可损伤内皮功能及血管结构而引起动脉硬化;此外,静息心率加快还可导致新陈代谢加速、血压升高,并增加血管外周阻力,使脂质等血液有形成分渗入血管壁形成动脉硬化[19–20]。
在调整了年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、是否血脂异常、体质量指数和是否中心型肥胖等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,静息心率≥91次/分男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出风险为静息心率≤60次/分男性CVD高危人群的1.62倍(OR=1.62,95%CI=1.16~2.18),而女性CVD高危人群静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出风险无显著关联,与李燕等[21]研究中静息心率水平升高可能与颈动脉斑块形成有关,静息心率增快者尤其是男性,其颈动脉斑块不稳定的风险增高的结果一致。Wang L等[18]在研究颈动脉斑块形成中亦发现,在男性人群中快静息心率为颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素,而在女性人群中却无此关系,这可能与性激素的影响有关。
综上所述,南京市CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出率较高,静息心率≥91次/分为CVD高危人群尤其是男性CVD高危人群颈动脉斑块检出的独立危险因素。提示要重点关注此类人群,尽早提出防治策略进行干预,降低CVD事件的发生率,从而减轻颈动脉异常带来的疾病和经济负担。但本次的研究对象仅为南京市居民,可能不能代表其他地区居民的情况,且本次调查为横断面调查,难以进行因果关系的推断。因此,今后可收集更多地区CVD高危人群的相关数据并采用队列研究方法对静息心率与颈动脉斑块检出的关系进行进一步研究。

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2025年第41卷第6期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144769
  • 接收时间:2024-04-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-20
  • 修回日期:2024-09-26
  • 录用日期:2025-04-09
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    1南京医科大学附属南京疾病预防控制中心慢病防制科,南京 210008
    2徐州医科大学公共卫生学院,徐州 221004

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