中草药

中药挥发油高效提取新技术进展与发展趋势

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中草药 | 综述 2026,57(18): 7451-7461

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中草药 |综述 2026 , 57 (18) : 7451 -7461

中药挥发油高效提取新技术进展与发展趋势

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赵美润^1,2, 江婉¹, 张瑶¹, 傅艺¹, 罗文宇¹, 张普照¹, 郑琴^1,3, 祁晓旭², 伍振峰^1,2, 岳鹏飞^1,2

作者信息

通讯作者:

岳鹏飞

作者简介:

赵美润: 赵美润，硕士研究生，研究方向为中药新剂型与新技术。E-mail:zmr11202580@163.com

Research progress and development trend of new high-efficiency extraction technologies for volatile oils from traditional Chinese medicine

ZHAO Meirun^1,2, JIANG Wan¹, ZHANG Yao¹, FU Yi¹, LUO Wenyu¹, ZHANG Puzhao¹, ZHENG Qin^1,3, QI Xiaoxu², WU Zhenfeng^1,2, YUE Pengfei^1,2

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.18.031

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摘要

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中药挥发油是中药发挥药效的重要物质基础之一，其提取技术直接决定产品的药效、安全性与质量稳定性。然而，传统提取方法普遍存在提取效率偏低、热敏性成分易破坏、有机溶剂残留等问题，严重影响挥发油的品质与规模化应用。因此，发展绿色高效的新型提取技术已成为推动该领域技术进步的关键方向。系统概述了溶剂萃取、水蒸气蒸馏等常规提取技术的应用现状及其固有局限，论述了通过工艺参数优化、设备结构改进及结合超声、微波等物理场辅助技术提升传统方法效能的研究策略。同时，总结了超临界流体提取、亚临界提取、超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取、离子液体提取及脉冲电场辅助提取等新兴技术的技术最新进展与研究概况。最后，展望了多技术协同联用、绿色溶媒替代及智能调控系统构建等未来发展趋势，为中药挥发油提取技术的创新与产业化应用提供参考。

关键词

中药挥发油 / 提取技术 / 亚临界提取 / 离子液体提取 / 微波辅助提取

Abstract

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Volatile oil in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the important material bases for TCM to exert pharmacological effects, and its extraction technology directly determines the efficacy, safety and quality stability of the product. However, traditional extraction methods generally have problems such as low extraction efficiency, susceptible degradation of heat-sensitive constituents, and organic solvent residues, which seriously affect the quality and large-scale application of volatile oils. Therefore, the development of green and efficient new extraction technologies has become a key direction to promote technological progress in this field. This paper systematically summarizes the application status and inherent limitations of conventional extraction technologies such as solvent extraction and steam distillation, and discusses the research strategies to improve the efficiency of traditional methods through process parameter optimization, equipment structure improvement, and combination of ultrasonic, microwave and other physics auxiliary technologies. At the same time, the latest technical progress and research overview of emerging technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ionic liquid extraction and pulsed electric field-assisted extraction are summarized. Finally, the future development trends of multi-technology collaboration, green solvent substitution and intelligent regulation system construction are prospected, providing references for the innovation and industrial application of TCM volatile oil extraction technologies.

Key words

volatile oil / extraction technology / subcritical extraction / ionic liquid extraction / microwave-assisted extraction

引用本文

赵美润, 江婉, 张瑶, 傅艺, 罗文宇, 张普照, 郑琴, 祁晓旭, 伍振峰, 岳鹏飞. 中药挥发油高效提取新技术进展与发展趋势. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (18) : 7451 -7461 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.18.031

ZHAO Meirun, JIANG Wan, ZHANG Yao, FU Yi, LUO Wenyu, ZHANG Puzhao, ZHENG Qin, QI Xiaoxu, WU Zhenfeng, YUE Pengfei. Research progress and development trend of new high-efficiency extraction technologies for volatile oils from traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (18) : 7451 -7461 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.18.031

基金

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江西省重点研发计划重点项目 (20243BCC31010); 国家自然科学基金资助项目 (82474087); 江西省赣鄱英才计划 (gpyc20250055)

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2026年第57卷第18期

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.18.031

接收时间：2026-03-14
首发时间：2026-10-29

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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