Article(id=1304735415248900646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304735403429356361, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1769961600000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789002763806, onlineDateStr=2026-09-10, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789002763806, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789002763806, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789002763806, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304735403429356361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, year='2026', volume='57', issue='14', pageStart='5353', pageEnd='5788', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785168000000', pubDateStr='2026-07-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789002760989, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789002916821, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1304736057073889492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304735403429356361, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1304736057073889493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304735403429356361, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5491, endPage=5500, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304735417140531756, articleId=1304735415248900646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=EN, title=Preparation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-stabilized baicalin nanocrystals, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=Objective To prepare Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-stabilized baicalin nanocrystals (Bai-NCs/GP) and investigate their physicochemical properties and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Methods Bai-NCs/GP were prepared using a media milling method. The formulation and process were optimized through single-factor experiments based on average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The optimized Bai-NCs/GP formulation was characterized for morphology, crystal form, solubility, and dissolution rate. LC-MS/MS was used to measure blood concentrations of Bai-NCs/GP and baicalin after oral administration in rats, comparing their bioavailability differences. Results The optimal formulation and processing parameters for Bai-NCs/GP were determined as follows: a baicalin to Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide ratio of 10:5, a baicalin content of 1.00%, a grinding speed of 1 400 r/min, and a grinding time of 24 h. Bai-NCs/GP exhibited irregular nanoparticles with an average particle size of (146.29 ± 8.07) nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.22 ± 0.01, and ζ potential of (-21.60 ± 0.58) mV. Compared to baicalin, Bai-NCs/GP showed reduced crystallinity, 43- fold increased solubility, and significantly improved dissolution rate. The peak concentration (Cmax) and AUC0t of Bai-NCs/GP were (2 318.65 ± 341.60) ng/mL and (34 439.68 ± 5 548.79) ng·h/mL, respectively, representing 2.31-fold and 2.77-fold increases over baicalin, with markedly enhanced oral bioavailability. Conclusion Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide can serve as a stabilizer in the preparation of baicalin nanocrystals. The resulting Bai-NCs/GP nanocrystals enhance the solubility and in vitro dissolution rate of baicalin, thereby improving its oral bioavailability., authors=CHEN Fangwen, ZHANG Shuangchen, ZHANG Nianzhan, SHEN Chengying, YUE Pengfei, SHEN Baode, authorsList=CHEN Fangwen, ZHANG Shuangchen, ZHANG Nianzhan, SHEN Chengying, YUE Pengfei, SHEN Baode, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304735417044062763, articleId=1304735415248900646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=CN, title=甘草多糖稳定的黄芩苷纳米晶的制备及体内外评价, columnId=1304140189132149234, journalTitle=中草药, columnName=药剂与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 制备甘草多糖稳定的黄芩苷纳米晶(Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-stabilized baicalin nanocrystals,Bai-NCs/GP),并考察其理化性质及体内药动学。方法 采用介质研磨法制备Bai-NCs/GP,以平均粒径和多分散性指数(polydispersity index,PDI)为考察指标,单因素实验优化处方和工艺;对优化所得的Bai-NCs/GP进行形态、晶型、溶解度与溶出度表征,LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠分别ig给予Bai-NCs/GP与黄芩苷后的血药浓度,对比其生物利用度差异。结果 Bai-NCs/GP的最佳处方和工艺参数为黄芩苷与甘草多糖质量比为10∶5,黄芩苷的用量为1.00%,研磨转速为1 400 r/min,研磨时间为24 h。Bai-NCs/GP呈不规则纳米颗粒,平均粒径为(146.29±8.07)nm,多分散指数(polydispersity index,PDI)为0.22±0.01,ζ电位为(-21.60±0.58)mV。与黄芩苷原料药相比,Bai-NCs/GP的结晶度降低,溶解度增加了43倍,溶出度显著改善;Bai-NCs/GP的达峰浓度(maximum plasma concentration,Cmax)和药-时曲线下面积(area under the plasma concentration-time curve,AUC₀~t)分别为(2 318.65±341.60)ng/mL和(34 439.68±5 548.79)ng·h/mL,是黄芩苷的2.31倍和2.77倍,口服生物利用度显著提高。结论 甘草多糖可以作为稳定剂用于制备黄芩苷纳米晶,所制备的Bai-NCs/GP能够提高黄芩苷的溶解度和体外溶出度,改善黄芩苷的口服生物利用度。, authors=陈芳雯1,2, 张双辰1,2, 张年战1,2, 沈成英3, 岳鹏飞1,2, 申宝德1,2, authorsList=陈芳雯, 张双辰, 张年战, 沈成英, 岳鹏飞, 申宝德, authorCompany=1 江西中医药大学 现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004;
2 经典名方现代中药创制全国重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004;
3 江西省人民医院(南昌医学院第一附属医院)药学部, 江西 南昌 330006, correspAuthors=岳鹏飞, authorNote=陈芳雯: 陈芳雯,硕士研究生,研究方向为中药新剂型与新技术。E-mail:2973170947@qq.com, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=I8g7EqZ22Py+Ym0IwwaHJQ==, pdfFileSize=1198587, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=国家自然科学基金项目 (82460852); 国家自然科学基金项目 (82260848); 江西省自然科学基金项目 (20232BAB216139); 国家青年岐黄学者培养项目 (2022256); 江西中医药大学校级科技创新团队发展计划项目 (CXTD22006))}, authors=null, keywords=[Keyword(id=1304735417308303917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304735415248900646, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=黄芩苷), Keyword(id=1304735417371218478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304735415248900646, 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provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=0, orderTime=1789002763806, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=Song S Y, Ding L, Liu G W, et al. The protective effects of baicalin for respiratory diseases: An update and future perspectives [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1129817.
Wen Y Q, Wang Y Z, Zhao C X, et al. The pharmacological efficacy of baicalin in inflammatory diseases [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(11): 9317.
Wen Y Q, Wang Y Z, Zhao C X, et al. Baicalin: An active natural product with potential medicinal values [J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2025, 27(8): 1087-1111.
朱善, 张雷, 梅佳华, 等. 21世纪国际视域下基于文献计量学的黄芩苷研究趋势及热点可视化分析[J]. 药物评价研究, 2026, 49(6): 2177-2199.
Huang T, Liu Y N, Zhang C L. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability enhancement of baicalin: A review [J]. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 2019, 44(2): 159-168.
Dhibar M, Chakraborty S, Kundu A, et al. Chemistry characterization and application of nanocrystals-based drug delivery system: present to future perspective [J]. Pharm Nanotechnol, 2023, 11(3): 265-275.
Geng T J, Banerjee P, Lu Z D, et al. Comparative study on stabilizing ability of food protein, non-ionic surfactant and anionic surfactant on BCS type II drug carvedilol loaded nanosuspension: Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic investigation [J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2017, 109: 200-208.
Yin T J, Cai H, Liu J Y, et al. Biological evaluation of PEG modified nanosuspensions based on human serum [J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2016, 83: 79-87.
Jin X, Luo Y J, Chen Y C, et al. Novel breviscapine nanocrystals modified by Panax notoginseng saponins for enhancing bioavailability and synergistic anti-platelet aggregation effect [J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2019, 175: 333-342.
Long J Y, Song J W, Zhang X M, et al. Tea saponins as natural stabilizers for the production of hesperidin nanosuspensions [J]. Int J Pharm, 2020, 583: 119406.
Chen Y C, Liu Y, Xu J N, et al. A natural triterpenoid saponin as multifunctional stabilizer for drug nanosuspension powder [J]. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2017, 18(7): 2744-2753.
Hang L Y, Hu F, Shen C Y, et al. Development of herpetrione nanosuspensions stabilized by glycyrrhizin for enhancing bioavailability and synergistic hepatoprotective effect [J]. Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2021, 47(10): 1664-1673.
Shen B D, Zhu Y W, Wang F X, et al. Fabrication and in vitro/vivo evaluation of quercetin nanocrystals stabilized by glycyrrhizic acid for liver targeted drug delivery [J]. Int J Pharm X, 2024, 7:100246.
Chen L, Xue Y Y, Wang F, et al. Differences in the permeation of licoricchalcone A-polysaccharide self-assembled nanoparticles on healthy and DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in Bal b/c mice [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2024, 282: 136984.
王梦琳, 胡宇峰, 马思媛, 等. 微型化介质研磨法制备大黄素纳米混悬剂及其体外评价[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(20): 6918-6928.
Guo J J, Yue P F, Lv J L, et al. Development and in vivo/in vitro evaluation of novel herpetrione nanosuspension [J]. Int J Pharm, 2013, 441(1): 227-233.
高慧冰, 李元春, 李甜甜, 等. 甲氨蝶呤-烟酰胺共无定型物的体内外性质评价及增溶机制研究[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2025, 60(5): 474-480.
Yang Y J, Yu M L, Mo Y L, et al. Metal-ion-binding properties of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide extracted from licorice: Structural characterization and potential application in drug delivery [J]. Carbohydr Polym, 2024, 346: 122658.
万鹏, 赵瑞芝, 胡巧红. 中药多糖对黄芩苷的溶解度及其药动学的影响[J]. 广东药科大学学报, 2017, 33(4): 439-442.
寇应琳, 徐向宇, 孙宁. 染料木素纳米混悬剂制备及其体内药动学研究[J]. 中成药, 2023, 45(4): 1045-1051.
Song Q Q, Wang Y K, Huang L X, et al. Review of the relationships among polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and human health [J]. Food Res Int, 2021, 140: 109858.
Song Q B, Zou J J, Li D, et al. Gastrointestinal metabolism of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides and its related hypoglycemic mechanism based on gut microbial transformation [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2024, 280: 135847.
李晓蒙, 郑妩媚, 张智强. 柚皮素磷脂复合物纳米混悬剂制备及其体内药动学研究[J]. 中成药, 2024, 46(1): 41-48.
Shen C Y, Yang Y Q, Shen B D, et al. Self-discriminating fluorescent hybrid nanocrystals: Efficient and accurate tracking of translocation via oral delivery [J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(1): 436-450.
Shen B D, Shen C Y, Zhu W F, et al. The contribution of absorption of integral nanocrystals to enhancement of oral bioavailability of quercetin [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2021, 11(4): 978-988.
Gotch F, Nadell J, Edelman I S. Gastrointestinal water and electroyltes. IV. The equilibration of deuterium oxide (D2O) in gastrointestinal contents and the proportion of total body water (T.B.W.) in the gastrointestinal tract [J]. J Clin Invest, 1957, 36(2): 289-296.)
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中草药 | 药剂与工艺 2026,57(14): 5491-5500
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中草药 |药剂与工艺 2026 , 57 (14) : 5491 -5500
甘草多糖稳定的黄芩苷纳米晶的制备及体内外评价
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陈芳雯1,2, 张双辰1,2, 张年战1,2, 沈成英3, 岳鹏飞1,2, 申宝德1,2
作者信息
    1 江西中医药大学 现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004;
    2 经典名方现代中药创制全国重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330004;
    3 江西省人民医院(南昌医学院第一附属医院)药学部, 江西 南昌 330006
通讯作者:
岳鹏飞
作者简介:
陈芳雯: 陈芳雯,硕士研究生,研究方向为中药新剂型与新技术。E-mail:2973170947@qq.com
Preparation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-stabilized baicalin nanocrystals
  • CHEN Fangwen, ZHANG Shuangchen, ZHANG Nianzhan, SHEN Chengying, YUE Pengfei, SHEN Baode
  • Affiliations
    doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012
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    目的 制备甘草多糖稳定的黄芩苷纳米晶(Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-stabilized baicalin nanocrystals,Bai-NCs/GP),并考察其理化性质及体内药动学。方法 采用介质研磨法制备Bai-NCs/GP,以平均粒径和多分散性指数(polydispersity index,PDI)为考察指标,单因素实验优化处方和工艺;对优化所得的Bai-NCs/GP进行形态、晶型、溶解度与溶出度表征,LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠分别ig给予Bai-NCs/GP与黄芩苷后的血药浓度,对比其生物利用度差异。结果 Bai-NCs/GP的最佳处方和工艺参数为黄芩苷与甘草多糖质量比为10∶5,黄芩苷的用量为1.00%,研磨转速为1 400 r/min,研磨时间为24 h。Bai-NCs/GP呈不规则纳米颗粒,平均粒径为(146.29±8.07)nm,多分散指数(polydispersity index,PDI)为0.22±0.01,ζ电位为(-21.60±0.58)mV。与黄芩苷原料药相比,Bai-NCs/GP的结晶度降低,溶解度增加了43倍,溶出度显著改善;Bai-NCs/GP的达峰浓度(maximum plasma concentration,Cmax)和药-时曲线下面积(area under the plasma concentration-time curve,AUC₀~t)分别为(2 318.65±341.60)ng/mL和(34 439.68±5 548.79)ng·h/mL,是黄芩苷的2.31倍和2.77倍,口服生物利用度显著提高。结论 甘草多糖可以作为稳定剂用于制备黄芩苷纳米晶,所制备的Bai-NCs/GP能够提高黄芩苷的溶解度和体外溶出度,改善黄芩苷的口服生物利用度。
    黄芩苷  /  甘草多糖  /  纳米晶  /  介质研磨法  /  溶解度  /  药动学  /  溶出度  /  晶型  /  生物利用度
    Objective To prepare Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-stabilized baicalin nanocrystals (Bai-NCs/GP) and investigate their physicochemical properties and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Methods Bai-NCs/GP were prepared using a media milling method. The formulation and process were optimized through single-factor experiments based on average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The optimized Bai-NCs/GP formulation was characterized for morphology, crystal form, solubility, and dissolution rate. LC-MS/MS was used to measure blood concentrations of Bai-NCs/GP and baicalin after oral administration in rats, comparing their bioavailability differences. Results The optimal formulation and processing parameters for Bai-NCs/GP were determined as follows: a baicalin to Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide ratio of 10:5, a baicalin content of 1.00%, a grinding speed of 1 400 r/min, and a grinding time of 24 h. Bai-NCs/GP exhibited irregular nanoparticles with an average particle size of (146.29 ± 8.07) nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.22 ± 0.01, and ζ potential of (-21.60 ± 0.58) mV. Compared to baicalin, Bai-NCs/GP showed reduced crystallinity, 43- fold increased solubility, and significantly improved dissolution rate. The peak concentration (Cmax) and AUC0t of Bai-NCs/GP were (2 318.65 ± 341.60) ng/mL and (34 439.68 ± 5 548.79) ng·h/mL, respectively, representing 2.31-fold and 2.77-fold increases over baicalin, with markedly enhanced oral bioavailability. Conclusion Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide can serve as a stabilizer in the preparation of baicalin nanocrystals. The resulting Bai-NCs/GP nanocrystals enhance the solubility and in vitro dissolution rate of baicalin, thereby improving its oral bioavailability.
    baicalin  /  Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide  /  nanocrystals  /  media grinding  /  solubility  /  pharmacokinetics  /  dissolution  /  crystal form  /  bioavailability
    陈芳雯, 张双辰, 张年战, 沈成英, 岳鹏飞, 申宝德. 甘草多糖稳定的黄芩苷纳米晶的制备及体内外评价. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (14) : 5491 -5500 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012
    CHEN Fangwen, ZHANG Shuangchen, ZHANG Nianzhan, SHEN Chengying, YUE Pengfei, SHEN Baode. Preparation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-stabilized baicalin nanocrystals[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (14) : 5491 -5500 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012

      国家自然科学基金项目 (82460852); 国家自然科学基金项目 (82260848); 江西省自然科学基金项目 (20232BAB216139); 国家青年岐黄学者培养项目 (2022256); 江西中医药大学校级科技创新团队发展计划项目 (CXTD22006)

    参考文献 引证文献
    排序方式:
    Song S Y, Ding L, Liu G W, et al. The protective effects of baicalin for respiratory diseases: An update and future perspectives [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1129817.
    Wen Y Q, Wang Y Z, Zhao C X, et al. The pharmacological efficacy of baicalin in inflammatory diseases [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(11): 9317.
    Wen Y Q, Wang Y Z, Zhao C X, et al. Baicalin: An active natural product with potential medicinal values [J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2025, 27(8): 1087-1111.
    朱善, 张雷, 梅佳华, 等. 21世纪国际视域下基于文献计量学的黄芩苷研究趋势及热点可视化分析[J]. 药物评价研究, 2026, 49(6): 2177-2199.
    Huang T, Liu Y N, Zhang C L. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability enhancement of baicalin: A review [J]. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 2019, 44(2): 159-168.
    Dhibar M, Chakraborty S, Kundu A, et al. Chemistry characterization and application of nanocrystals-based drug delivery system: present to future perspective [J]. Pharm Nanotechnol, 2023, 11(3): 265-275.
    Geng T J, Banerjee P, Lu Z D, et al. Comparative study on stabilizing ability of food protein, non-ionic surfactant and anionic surfactant on BCS type II drug carvedilol loaded nanosuspension: Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic investigation [J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2017, 109: 200-208.
    Yin T J, Cai H, Liu J Y, et al. Biological evaluation of PEG modified nanosuspensions based on human serum [J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2016, 83: 79-87.
    Jin X, Luo Y J, Chen Y C, et al. Novel breviscapine nanocrystals modified by Panax notoginseng saponins for enhancing bioavailability and synergistic anti-platelet aggregation effect [J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2019, 175: 333-342.
    Long J Y, Song J W, Zhang X M, et al. Tea saponins as natural stabilizers for the production of hesperidin nanosuspensions [J]. Int J Pharm, 2020, 583: 119406.
    Chen Y C, Liu Y, Xu J N, et al. A natural triterpenoid saponin as multifunctional stabilizer for drug nanosuspension powder [J]. AAPS PharmSciTech, 2017, 18(7): 2744-2753.
    Hang L Y, Hu F, Shen C Y, et al. Development of herpetrione nanosuspensions stabilized by glycyrrhizin for enhancing bioavailability and synergistic hepatoprotective effect [J]. Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2021, 47(10): 1664-1673.
    Shen B D, Zhu Y W, Wang F X, et al. Fabrication and in vitro/vivo evaluation of quercetin nanocrystals stabilized by glycyrrhizic acid for liver targeted drug delivery [J]. Int J Pharm X, 2024, 7:100246.
    Chen L, Xue Y Y, Wang F, et al. Differences in the permeation of licoricchalcone A-polysaccharide self-assembled nanoparticles on healthy and DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in Bal b/c mice [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2024, 282: 136984.
    王梦琳, 胡宇峰, 马思媛, 等. 微型化介质研磨法制备大黄素纳米混悬剂及其体外评价[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(20): 6918-6928.
    Guo J J, Yue P F, Lv J L, et al. Development and in vivo/in vitro evaluation of novel herpetrione nanosuspension [J]. Int J Pharm, 2013, 441(1): 227-233.
    高慧冰, 李元春, 李甜甜, 等. 甲氨蝶呤-烟酰胺共无定型物的体内外性质评价及增溶机制研究[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2025, 60(5): 474-480.
    Yang Y J, Yu M L, Mo Y L, et al. Metal-ion-binding properties of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide extracted from licorice: Structural characterization and potential application in drug delivery [J]. Carbohydr Polym, 2024, 346: 122658.
    万鹏, 赵瑞芝, 胡巧红. 中药多糖对黄芩苷的溶解度及其药动学的影响[J]. 广东药科大学学报, 2017, 33(4): 439-442.
    寇应琳, 徐向宇, 孙宁. 染料木素纳米混悬剂制备及其体内药动学研究[J]. 中成药, 2023, 45(4): 1045-1051.
    Song Q Q, Wang Y K, Huang L X, et al. Review of the relationships among polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and human health [J]. Food Res Int, 2021, 140: 109858.
    Song Q B, Zou J J, Li D, et al. Gastrointestinal metabolism of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides and its related hypoglycemic mechanism based on gut microbial transformation [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2024, 280: 135847.
    李晓蒙, 郑妩媚, 张智强. 柚皮素磷脂复合物纳米混悬剂制备及其体内药动学研究[J]. 中成药, 2024, 46(1): 41-48.
    Shen C Y, Yang Y Q, Shen B D, et al. Self-discriminating fluorescent hybrid nanocrystals: Efficient and accurate tracking of translocation via oral delivery [J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(1): 436-450.
    Shen B D, Shen C Y, Zhu W F, et al. The contribution of absorption of integral nanocrystals to enhancement of oral bioavailability of quercetin [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2021, 11(4): 978-988.
    Gotch F, Nadell J, Edelman I S. Gastrointestinal water and electroyltes. IV. The equilibration of deuterium oxide (D2O) in gastrointestinal contents and the proportion of total body water (T.B.W.) in the gastrointestinal tract [J]. J Clin Invest, 1957, 36(2): 289-296.
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    doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.14.012
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    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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