Article(id=1304415558896735161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304415531491152712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.09.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764604800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788926504109, onlineDateStr=2026-09-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788926504109, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788926504109, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788926504109, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304415531491152712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, year='2026', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='3261', pageEnd='3684', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778515200000', pubDateStr='2026-05-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788926497576, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788926796984, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1304416787358049066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304415531491152712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1304416787358049067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304415531491152712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3530, endPage=3537, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304415559341331387, articleId=1304415558896735161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=EN, title=Genetic diversity analysis and DNA fingerprint construction of Dendrobium linawianum populations, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=Objective This study employed iPBS molecular marker technology to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation relationships among 32 Dendrobium linawianum germplasm resources from different regions. Methods A “0, 1” matrix was constructed using Excel 2016, and the genetic similarity coefficient (Gs) was calculated using NTSYS-pc 2.10e to construct a UPGMA cluster dendrogram. Additionally, various genetic diversity indices were calculated using Popgene 1.32. Results A total of 84 clear bands were amplified from the six selected iPBS primers, including 76 polymorphic bands, with a polymorphism rate of 90.48% and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.46, indicating high polymorphism of the iPBS primers. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.547 6 to 0.965 5, with an average of 0.766 8. At a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.732, the 32 germplasm samples were classified into four populations. The average observed allele number (Na), average effective allele number (Ne), Nei's genetic diversity index (h), and Shannon diversity information index (I) were 1.631 0, 1.381 6, 0.219 0, and 0.326 7, respectively. Genetic structure analysis revealed that the genetic diversity (Ht), gene differentiation coefficients (Hs) among populations, and genetic differentiation coefficients (Gst) were 0.281 3, 0.219 0, and 0.221 3, respectively. Genetic variation among populations accounted for 22.13% of total variation, while genetic variation within populations accounted for 77.87%, indicating that genetic variation was primarily derived from within populations. Furthermore, DNA fingerprinting of 32 germplasm resources was successfully constructed based on 19 polymorphic loci with six primers, which provided a reference for the classification and identification of D. linawianum. Conclusion The genetic diversity of D. linawianum was significantly lower between populations than within populations, and the genetic variation was mainly within populations. The genetic differentiation characteristics of germplasm resources are significantly correlated with their geographical distribution patterns. This study not only elucidates the genetic relationships among different germplasm of D. linawianum and the characteristics of population genetic diversity, but also provides an important theoretical basis for the subsequent scientific conservation and sustainable utilization of D. linawianum germplasm resources., authors=YIN Wenyi, HUANG Changyan, LU Shunjiao, DENG Jieling, HUANG Yuhong, LI Huan, CUI Xueqiang, ZHANG Zibin, authorsList=YIN Wenyi, HUANG Changyan, LU Shunjiao, DENG Jieling, HUANG Yuhong, LI Huan, CUI Xueqiang, ZHANG Zibin, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304415559186142138, articleId=1304415558896735161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=CN, title=矩唇石斛居群遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建, columnId=1304140203967410414, journalTitle=中草药, columnName=药材与资源, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 采用iPBS分子标记技术,分析32份不同地区矩唇石斛Dendrobium linawianum种质资源的遗传多样性及分化关系。方法 构建“0,1”矩阵,通过NTSYS-pc 2.10e计算遗传相似系数(Gs)并构建UPGMA聚类树状图,利用Popgene 1.32计算各项遗传多样性指数。结果 6条iPBS引物共扩增出84条清晰条带,其中多态性条带76条,多态性比率90.48%,平均多态信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)0.46;Gs变化范围为0.547 6~0.965 5,平均值为0.766 8,Gs为0.732时,32份种质分为4个类群;居群平均观测等位基因数(observed number of alleles,Na)、平均有效等位基因数(effective number of alleles,Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei’s gene diversity index,h)、Shannon多样性信息指数(Shannon information index,I)分别为1.631 0、1.381 6、0.219 0、0.326 7;居群遗传结构分析显示,基因多样度(total genetic diversity,Ht)、各居群基因分化系数(gene diversity within population,Hs)、居群间遗传分化系数(coefficient of gene differentiation,Gst)分别为0.281 3、0.219 0、0.221 3,居群间遗传变异占总变异的22.13%,居群内遗传变异占总变异的77.87%,说明遗传变异主要来源于居群内。此外,基于6条引物的19个多态位点成功构建了32份种质的DNA指纹图谱,为矩唇石斛品种分类与鉴定提供了参考。结论 矩唇石斛居群内遗传多样性高于居群间,遗传变异以居群内为主,且种质资源的遗传分化特征与地理分布具有显著相关性。明确了矩唇石斛不同种质间的遗传关系及其居群遗传多样性特征,可为该物种种质资源的科学保护与可持续利用提供理论依据。, authors=殷文忆1,2, 黄昌艳1, 陆顺教3, 邓杰玲1, 黄玉红4, 李还2, 崔学强1, 张自斌1, authorsList=殷文忆, 黄昌艳, 陆顺教, 邓杰玲, 黄玉红, 李还, 崔学强, 张自斌, authorCompany=1 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所, 广西 南宁 530007; 2 广西大学林学院, 亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室, 广西 南宁 530004; 3 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所, 海南 海口 571101; 4 南宁青秀山花卉有限责任公司, 广西 南宁 530000, correspAuthors=崔学强, authorNote=殷文忆: 殷文忆,硕士研究生,研究方向为园林植物资源与应用。E-mail:172966801@qq.com, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+x4CnTD/36N5tzi0tNh74g==, pdfFileSize=1753718, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, 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The Dendrobium Orchid:Botany,horticulture, and utilization[J]. Crop Sci, 2023, 63(4):1829-1888. 马良,陈松泉,庄莉彬. 35种石斛兰观赏价值评价[J].亚热带植物科学, 2019, 48(3):269-273. Mou Z M, Zhao Y, Ye F, et al. Identification, biological activities and biosynthetic pathway of Dendrobium alkaloids[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:605994. Yuan Y D, Li C T, Qiu S M, et al. Exploring the medicinal potential of Dendrobium:Uncovering the spatial distribution of flavonoids and alkaloids in 15 species of Dendrobium using MALDI-MSI[J]. Sci Hortic, 2024,338:113738. 黄丽乔,李明帆,赵志然,等.石斛化学成分及其胃肠道保护作用机制研究进展[J].中草药, 2025, 56(11):4147-4157. 何涛,淳泽,罗傲雪,等.四川石斛野生资源及其保护研究[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2008, 14(5):710-715. 崔学强,唐璇,黄昌艳,等. 22种石斛兰遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[J].分子植物育种, 2021,19(9):596-603. 林榕燕,罗远华,樊荣辉,等.文心兰杂交后代的ESTSSR和SRAP分子标记鉴定[J].福建农业学报, 2021,36(12):72-86. 黄佳维,陈小玲,陈前程,等. ISSR和SRAP分子标记在石斛属植物杂交育种上的应用效果[J].现代农业科技, 2025(12):145-148. Coutinho J P, Carvalho A, Martín A, et al. Molecular characterization of Fagaceae species using inter-primer binding site(iPBS)markers[J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2018, 45(2):133-142. Aydın F,Özer G, Alkan M, et al. The utility of iPBS retrotransposons markers to analyze genetic variation in yeast[J]. Int J Food Microbiol, 2020, 325:108647. Işık Mİ, Türkog lu A, Yaman M, et al. Understanding genetic diversity and population structure in forage pea(Pisum sativum var. arvense L.)using inter-primer binding site(iPBS)retrotransposon marker[J]. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 2025, 72(7):8389-8403. Xu J Y, Zhu Y, Yi Z, et al. Molecular diversity analysis of Tetradium ruticarpum(WuZhuYu)in China based on inter-primer binding site(iPBS)markers and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)markers[J]. Chin J Nat Med, 2018,16(1):1-9. Sagbas H I, Ercisli S, Aydin M, et al. Evaluation of genetic diversity using iPBS-SCoT marker methods in native hawthorn genetic resources and speciesıdentification by using DNA barcoding method[J]. Cell Mol Biol, 2023,69(10):43-55. Yin W Y, Cui X Q, Zhao Q J, et al. Genetic relationship analysis and fingerprint construction of some species in the genus Vanda(Orchidaceae)by interprimer binding site(iPBS)markers[J]. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 2025, 72(1):935-946. 赵秋菊,崔学强,邓杰玲,等.石斛兰杂交后代i PBS标记鉴定及遗传分析[J].中国农业大学学报, 2024,29(9):78-89. Duan Y B, Guo D L, Guo L L, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of tree peony germplasm using iPBS markers[J].Genet Mol Res, 2015, 14(3):7556-7566. Kalendar R, Antonius K, Smýkal P, et al. iPBS:A universal method for DNA fingerprinting and retrotransposon isolation[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 2010, 121(8):1419-1430. De Riek J, Calsyn E, Everaert I, et al. AFLP based alternatives for the assessment of distinctness, uniformity and stability of sugar beet varieties[J]. Theor Appl Genet,2001, 103(8):1254-1265. Amiteye S. Basic concepts and methodologies of DNA marker systems in plant molecular breeding[J]. Heliyon,2021, 7(10):e08093. Zhang F P, Deng J J, Guo Y, et al. Comparative chloroplast genomic analysis of an important horticultural plant,Dendrobium sulcatum(Orchidaceae)and phylogenetic position in Dendrobium[J]. Hortic Environ Biotechnol,2025, 66(1):13-24. 刘贝宁,李刘敏,陈发兴.基于RAPD分子标记的观赏春石斛遗传多样性分析[J].东南园艺, 2023, 11(4):257-264. 马佳梅,殷寿华.西双版纳地区流苏石斛遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].云南植物研究, 2009, 31(1):35-41. Wahba L E, Hazlina N, Fadelah A, et al. Genetic relatedness among Dendrobium(Orchidaceae)species and hybrids using morphological and AFLP markers[J].HortScience, 2014, 49(5):524-530. 苑鹤,林二培,朱波,等.铁皮石斛人工栽培居群的遗传多样性研究[J].中草药, 2011, 42(3):566-569. Liu H J, Wang Z, Zhang Y L, et al. Geographic isolation and environmental heterogeneity contribute to genetic differentiation in Cephalotaxus oliveri[J]. Ecol Evol,2023, 13(3):e9869. Pérez-Alquicira J, Wehncke E V, García-Loza G A, et al.Geographic isolation and long-distance gene flow influence the genetic structure of the blue fan palm Brahea armata(Arecaceae)[J]. J Plant Res, 2023, 136(3):277-290. Freeland J R, Biss P, Silvertown J. Contrasting patterns of pollen and seed flow influence the spatial genetic structure of sweet vernal grass(Anthoxanthum odoratum)populations[J]. J Hered, 2012, 103(1):28-35. Zhang Z, Gale S W, Li J H, et al. Pollen-mediated gene flow ensures connectivity among spatially discrete subpopulations of Phalaenopsis pulcherrima, a tropical fooddeceptive orchid[J]. BMC Plant Biol, 2019, 19(1):597. White T L, Adams W T, Neale D B. Within-population variation-genetic diversity, mating systems and stand Structure[M]. CABI:Forest Genetics, 2007:149-186. Chiu M C, Nukazawa K, Resh V H, et al. Environmental effects, gene flow and genetic drift:Unequal influences on genetic structure across landscapes[J]. J Biogeogr, 2023,50(2):352-364. Williams C, Waser N. Spatial genetic structure of Delphinium nuttallianum populations:Inferences about gene flow[J]. Heredity, 1999, 83(Pt 5):541-550. Bhardwaj V, Patil V, Gopal K, et al. DNA fingerprinting for varietal identification and genetic fidelity[M].Udaipur:Agrotech publishing academy, 2016:62-65. Yan D K, Zhu F, Wang H L, et al. Comprehensive duck DNA fingerprinting based on machine learning for breed identification[J]. Poult Sci, 2025, 104(8):105359. Gao S F, Peng J J, Wang Y, et al. Application of DNA fingerprint constructed by molecular marker technology in individual identification[J]. Chin J Wildlife, 30(5):269-273. 赵秋菊,崔学强,邓杰玲,等.金钗石斛居群遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[J].中草药, 2023,54(19):6434-6442. 崔学强,唐璇,黄昌艳,等.基于i PBS标记的石斛兰种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[J].热带作物学报, 2021, 42(2):317-324. Ye M R, Hou B W, Luo J, et al. Genetic diversity and conservation of the endangered herb Dendrobium moniliforme based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers[J]. Sci Hortic, 2015, 189:51-58. Pu S X, Yu H, Li G L, et al. Methods of Dendrobium rust detection and analysis on the genetic structure of Dendrobium rust populations[J]. Int J Agric Biol, 2025, 21(4):58-63.)
Genetic diversity analysis and DNA fingerprint construction of Dendrobium linawianum populations
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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.09.021
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摘要
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目的 采用iPBS分子标记技术,分析32份不同地区矩唇石斛Dendrobium linawianum种质资源的遗传多样性及分化关系。方法 构建“0,1”矩阵,通过NTSYS-pc 2.10e计算遗传相似系数(Gs)并构建UPGMA聚类树状图,利用Popgene 1.32计算各项遗传多样性指数。结果 6条iPBS引物共扩增出84条清晰条带,其中多态性条带76条,多态性比率90.48%,平均多态信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)0.46;Gs变化范围为0.547 6~0.965 5,平均值为0.766 8,Gs为0.732时,32份种质分为4个类群;居群平均观测等位基因数(observed number of alleles,Na)、平均有效等位基因数(effective number of alleles,Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei’s gene diversity index,h)、Shannon多样性信息指数(Shannon information index,I)分别为1.631 0、1.381 6、0.219 0、0.326 7;居群遗传结构分析显示,基因多样度(total genetic diversity,Ht)、各居群基因分化系数(gene diversity within population,Hs)、居群间遗传分化系数(coefficient of gene differentiation,Gst)分别为0.281 3、0.219 0、0.221 3,居群间遗传变异占总变异的22.13%,居群内遗传变异占总变异的77.87%,说明遗传变异主要来源于居群内。此外,基于6条引物的19个多态位点成功构建了32份种质的DNA指纹图谱,为矩唇石斛品种分类与鉴定提供了参考。结论 矩唇石斛居群内遗传多样性高于居群间,遗传变异以居群内为主,且种质资源的遗传分化特征与地理分布具有显著相关性。明确了矩唇石斛不同种质间的遗传关系及其居群遗传多样性特征,可为该物种种质资源的科学保护与可持续利用提供理论依据。
关键词
矩唇石斛
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种质资源
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iPBS标记
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亲缘关系
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遗传多样性
Abstract
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Objective This study employed iPBS molecular marker technology to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation relationships among 32 Dendrobium linawianum germplasm resources from different regions. Methods A “0, 1” matrix was constructed using Excel 2016, and the genetic similarity coefficient (Gs) was calculated using NTSYS-pc 2.10e to construct a UPGMA cluster dendrogram. Additionally, various genetic diversity indices were calculated using Popgene 1.32. Results A total of 84 clear bands were amplified from the six selected iPBS primers, including 76 polymorphic bands, with a polymorphism rate of 90.48% and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.46, indicating high polymorphism of the iPBS primers. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.547 6 to 0.965 5, with an average of 0.766 8. At a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.732, the 32 germplasm samples were classified into four populations. The average observed allele number (Na), average effective allele number (Ne), Nei's genetic diversity index (h), and Shannon diversity information index (I) were 1.631 0, 1.381 6, 0.219 0, and 0.326 7, respectively. Genetic structure analysis revealed that the genetic diversity (Ht), gene differentiation coefficients (Hs) among populations, and genetic differentiation coefficients (Gst) were 0.281 3, 0.219 0, and 0.221 3, respectively. Genetic variation among populations accounted for 22.13% of total variation, while genetic variation within populations accounted for 77.87%, indicating that genetic variation was primarily derived from within populations. Furthermore, DNA fingerprinting of 32 germplasm resources was successfully constructed based on 19 polymorphic loci with six primers, which provided a reference for the classification and identification of D. linawianum. Conclusion The genetic diversity of D. linawianum was significantly lower between populations than within populations, and the genetic variation was mainly within populations. The genetic differentiation characteristics of germplasm resources are significantly correlated with their geographical distribution patterns. This study not only elucidates the genetic relationships among different germplasm of D. linawianum and the characteristics of population genetic diversity, but also provides an important theoretical basis for the subsequent scientific conservation and sustainable utilization of D. linawianum germplasm resources.
YIN Wenyi, HUANG Changyan, LU Shunjiao, DENG Jieling, HUANG Yuhong, LI Huan, CUI Xueqiang, ZHANG Zibin.
Genetic diversity analysis and DNA fingerprint construction of Dendrobium linawianum populations[J].
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,
2026
, 57
(9)
: 3530
-3537
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.09.021
Ketsa S, Warrington I J. The Dendrobium Orchid:Botany,horticulture, and utilization[J]. Crop Sci, 2023, 63(4):1829-1888. 马良,陈松泉,庄莉彬. 35种石斛兰观赏价值评价[J].亚热带植物科学, 2019, 48(3):269-273. Mou Z M, Zhao Y, Ye F, et al. Identification, biological activities and biosynthetic pathway of Dendrobium alkaloids[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12:605994. Yuan Y D, Li C T, Qiu S M, et al. Exploring the medicinal potential of Dendrobium:Uncovering the spatial distribution of flavonoids and alkaloids in 15 species of Dendrobium using MALDI-MSI[J]. Sci Hortic, 2024,338:113738. 黄丽乔,李明帆,赵志然,等.石斛化学成分及其胃肠道保护作用机制研究进展[J].中草药, 2025, 56(11):4147-4157. 何涛,淳泽,罗傲雪,等.四川石斛野生资源及其保护研究[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2008, 14(5):710-715. 崔学强,唐璇,黄昌艳,等. 22种石斛兰遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[J].分子植物育种, 2021,19(9):596-603. 林榕燕,罗远华,樊荣辉,等.文心兰杂交后代的ESTSSR和SRAP分子标记鉴定[J].福建农业学报, 2021,36(12):72-86. 黄佳维,陈小玲,陈前程,等. ISSR和SRAP分子标记在石斛属植物杂交育种上的应用效果[J].现代农业科技, 2025(12):145-148. Coutinho J P, Carvalho A, Martín A, et al. Molecular characterization of Fagaceae species using inter-primer binding site(iPBS)markers[J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2018, 45(2):133-142. Aydın F,Özer G, Alkan M, et al. The utility of iPBS retrotransposons markers to analyze genetic variation in yeast[J]. Int J Food Microbiol, 2020, 325:108647. Işık Mİ, Türkog lu A, Yaman M, et al. Understanding genetic diversity and population structure in forage pea(Pisum sativum var. arvense L.)using inter-primer binding site(iPBS)retrotransposon marker[J]. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 2025, 72(7):8389-8403. Xu J Y, Zhu Y, Yi Z, et al. Molecular diversity analysis of Tetradium ruticarpum(WuZhuYu)in China based on inter-primer binding site(iPBS)markers and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)markers[J]. Chin J Nat Med, 2018,16(1):1-9. Sagbas H I, Ercisli S, Aydin M, et al. Evaluation of genetic diversity using iPBS-SCoT marker methods in native hawthorn genetic resources and speciesıdentification by using DNA barcoding method[J]. Cell Mol Biol, 2023,69(10):43-55. Yin W Y, Cui X Q, Zhao Q J, et al. Genetic relationship analysis and fingerprint construction of some species in the genus Vanda(Orchidaceae)by interprimer binding site(iPBS)markers[J]. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 2025, 72(1):935-946. 赵秋菊,崔学强,邓杰玲,等.石斛兰杂交后代i PBS标记鉴定及遗传分析[J].中国农业大学学报, 2024,29(9):78-89. Duan Y B, Guo D L, Guo L L, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of tree peony germplasm using iPBS markers[J].Genet Mol Res, 2015, 14(3):7556-7566. Kalendar R, Antonius K, Smýkal P, et al. iPBS:A universal method for DNA fingerprinting and retrotransposon isolation[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 2010, 121(8):1419-1430. De Riek J, Calsyn E, Everaert I, et al. AFLP based alternatives for the assessment of distinctness, uniformity and stability of sugar beet varieties[J]. Theor Appl Genet,2001, 103(8):1254-1265. Amiteye S. Basic concepts and methodologies of DNA marker systems in plant molecular breeding[J]. Heliyon,2021, 7(10):e08093. Zhang F P, Deng J J, Guo Y, et al. Comparative chloroplast genomic analysis of an important horticultural plant,Dendrobium sulcatum(Orchidaceae)and phylogenetic position in Dendrobium[J]. Hortic Environ Biotechnol,2025, 66(1):13-24. 刘贝宁,李刘敏,陈发兴.基于RAPD分子标记的观赏春石斛遗传多样性分析[J].东南园艺, 2023, 11(4):257-264. 马佳梅,殷寿华.西双版纳地区流苏石斛遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].云南植物研究, 2009, 31(1):35-41. Wahba L E, Hazlina N, Fadelah A, et al. Genetic relatedness among Dendrobium(Orchidaceae)species and hybrids using morphological and AFLP markers[J].HortScience, 2014, 49(5):524-530. 苑鹤,林二培,朱波,等.铁皮石斛人工栽培居群的遗传多样性研究[J].中草药, 2011, 42(3):566-569. Liu H J, Wang Z, Zhang Y L, et al. Geographic isolation and environmental heterogeneity contribute to genetic differentiation in Cephalotaxus oliveri[J]. Ecol Evol,2023, 13(3):e9869. Pérez-Alquicira J, Wehncke E V, García-Loza G A, et al.Geographic isolation and long-distance gene flow influence the genetic structure of the blue fan palm Brahea armata(Arecaceae)[J]. J Plant Res, 2023, 136(3):277-290. Freeland J R, Biss P, Silvertown J. Contrasting patterns of pollen and seed flow influence the spatial genetic structure of sweet vernal grass(Anthoxanthum odoratum)populations[J]. J Hered, 2012, 103(1):28-35. Zhang Z, Gale S W, Li J H, et al. Pollen-mediated gene flow ensures connectivity among spatially discrete subpopulations of Phalaenopsis pulcherrima, a tropical fooddeceptive orchid[J]. BMC Plant Biol, 2019, 19(1):597. White T L, Adams W T, Neale D B. Within-population variation-genetic diversity, mating systems and stand Structure[M]. CABI:Forest Genetics, 2007:149-186. Chiu M C, Nukazawa K, Resh V H, et al. Environmental effects, gene flow and genetic drift:Unequal influences on genetic structure across landscapes[J]. J Biogeogr, 2023,50(2):352-364. Williams C, Waser N. Spatial genetic structure of Delphinium nuttallianum populations:Inferences about gene flow[J]. Heredity, 1999, 83(Pt 5):541-550. Bhardwaj V, Patil V, Gopal K, et al. DNA fingerprinting for varietal identification and genetic fidelity[M].Udaipur:Agrotech publishing academy, 2016:62-65. Yan D K, Zhu F, Wang H L, et al. Comprehensive duck DNA fingerprinting based on machine learning for breed identification[J]. Poult Sci, 2025, 104(8):105359. Gao S F, Peng J J, Wang Y, et al. Application of DNA fingerprint constructed by molecular marker technology in individual identification[J]. Chin J Wildlife, 30(5):269-273. 赵秋菊,崔学强,邓杰玲,等.金钗石斛居群遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[J].中草药, 2023,54(19):6434-6442. 崔学强,唐璇,黄昌艳,等.基于i PBS标记的石斛兰种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[J].热带作物学报, 2021, 42(2):317-324. Ye M R, Hou B W, Luo J, et al. Genetic diversity and conservation of the endangered herb Dendrobium moniliforme based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers[J]. Sci Hortic, 2015, 189:51-58. Pu S X, Yu H, Li G L, et al. Methods of Dendrobium rust detection and analysis on the genetic structure of Dendrobium rust populations[J]. Int J Agric Biol, 2025, 21(4):58-63.