中草药

失眠症发病机制及中医药防治研究进展

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中草药 | 综述 2026,57(7): 2836-2847

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中草药 |综述 2026 , 57 (7) : 2836 -2847

失眠症发病机制及中医药防治研究进展

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郁利霞¹, 邹云娇¹, 程盼盼¹, 段昱岑¹, 王亦舟¹, 李雨涵¹, 马毅^1,2, 晋玲^1,2,3

作者信息

通讯作者:

马毅

作者简介:

郁利霞: 郁利霞,硕士,从事中药资源评价、保护与可持续利用。E-mail:15239314310@163.com

Research progress on pathogenesis of insomnia and prevention-treatment of traditional Chinese medicine

YU Lixia, ZOU Yunjiao, CHENG Panpan, DUAN Yucen, WANG Yizhou, LI Yuhan, MA Yi, JIN Ling

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.032

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摘要

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失眠症作为一种全球高发且易慢性化的睡眠障碍性疾病，发病率持续攀升，常合并焦虑、抑郁等多种并发症，严重影响患者身心健康与社会功能。目前，失眠症的治疗以认知行为疗法等非药物干预为基础，存在明显睡眠功能障碍及伴随症状时需联合药物干预，但现有药物存在成瘾性、停药反跳等局限性，尚无针对失眠症的特异性根治药物。现代医学认为失眠的发病机制涉及神经递质失衡、炎症反应、氧化应激、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能障碍、激素紊乱、生物钟基因表达异常等多因素交互作用。中医药凭借其多机制、多通路、多靶点的优势，在改善失眠核心症状、延缓病程慢性化、降低复发风险及协同改善共病状态方面显示出独特潜力。然而，当前研究仍缺乏对失眠发病机制及其相互作用关系的直观梳理，更少有将各机制与中药调控作用及信号通路进行系统对应与整合的研究。通过系统检索分析数据库文献，对失眠症的发病机制及中医药防治研究进行梳理总结，旨在为中医药治疗失眠症的临床应用提供科学依据和理论支撑。

关键词

失眠症 / 发病机制 / 信号通路 / 神经递质 / 炎症反应 / HPA轴 / 生物钟基因 / 中医药

Abstract

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Insomnia disorder, a highly prevalent and often chronic sleep disorder globally, exhibits a continuously rising incidence rate. It is frequently comorbid with various complications such as anxiety and depression, severely impacting patients’ physical and mental health as well as social functioning. Current treatment strategies for insomnia are primarily based on non-pharmacological interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy, while pharmacological interventions are required when significant sleep dysfunction and accompanying symptoms are present. However, existing medications are associated with limitations including addiction potential and rebound insomnia upon discontinuation, and no specific curative drugs targeting the root cause of insomnia is currently available. Modern medical research suggests that the pathogenesis of insomnia involves multifactorial interactions, including neurotransmitter imbalances, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, hormonal disturbances, and abnormal expression of circadian clock genes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), leveraging its multi-mechanism, multi-pathway, and multi-target advantages, demonstrates unique potential in improving core symptoms of insomnia, delaying disease progression, reducing relapse risk, and synergistically ameliorating comorbid conditions. Nevertheless, existing studies still lack intuitive elucidation of the pathogenesis of insomnia and its interactive relationships, and there is particularly limited research systematically correlating and integrating these mechanisms with TCM regulatory effects and signaling pathways. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews and analyzes database literature to summarize the pathogenesis of insomnia and TCM prevention and treatment research, aiming to provide scientific evidence and theoretical support for the clinical application of TCM in treating insomnia disorder.

Key words

insomnia / pathogenesis / signaling pathways / neurotransmitters / inflammatory response / HPA axis / clock genes / traditional Chinese medicine

引用本文

郁利霞, 邹云娇, 程盼盼, 段昱岑, 王亦舟, 李雨涵, 马毅, 晋玲. 失眠症发病机制及中医药防治研究进展. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (7) : 2836 -2847 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.032

YU Lixia, ZOU Yunjiao, CHENG Panpan, DUAN Yucen, WANG Yizhou, LI Yuhan, MA Yi, JIN Ling. Research progress on pathogenesis of insomnia and prevention-treatment of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (7) : 2836 -2847 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.032

基金

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国家现代农业产业技术体系资助 (CARS-21)

参考文献

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2026年第57卷第7期

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.032

接收时间：2025-11-04
首发时间：2026-09-09

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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