Article(id=1304414704814814115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414700964443026, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.04.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762358400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788926300480, onlineDateStr=2026-09-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788926300480, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788926300480, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788926300480, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304414700964443026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, year='2026', volume='57', issue='4', pageStart='1209', pageEnd='1596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772208000000', pubDateStr='2026-02-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788926299563, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788926573099, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1304415848316297970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414700964443026, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1304415848316297971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414700964443026, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1228, endPage=1233, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304414705150358437, articleId=1304414704814814115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=EN, title=Chemical constituents from Dendrobium huoshanense, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=Objective To study on the chemical constituents from Dendrobium huoshanense. Methods The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, semi-prepared HPLC and other chromatography techniques. Their structures were elucidated by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Results Eleven compounds (111) were isolated, and were identified as trans-ferulic acid nonadecyl ester (1), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid nonadecyl ester (2), 2,4,7-trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (3), naringenin (4), 5-hydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxybibenzyl (5), 5-hydroxy-3-methoxybibenzyl (6), dendrogratiol A (7), amoenylin (8), methyl ferulate (9), protocatechuic acid (10), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11). At a concentration of 100 μmol/L, compounds 4 and 7 exhibited inhibitory rates of 39.0% and 38.3% against tyrosinase, respectively. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, named dendrohuoshanin A and dendrohuoshanin B. Compounds 3, 5, 79 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 was the first to be separated and purified through phytochemical methods from this plant. Compounds 1, 2, and 9 belong to simple phenylpropanoids, compound 3 is a dihydrophenanthrene, compound 4 is a dihydroflavone, and compounds 58 are bibenzyls. Compounds 4 and 7 show potential skin-whitening effects., authors=JIAO Yang, ZHOU Wanqing, TANG Shengan, LIAO Maoliang, authorsList=JIAO Yang, ZHOU Wanqing, TANG Shengan, LIAO Maoliang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304414705066472356, articleId=1304414704814814115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=CN, title=霍山石斛化学成分研究, columnId=1304140187169214944, journalTitle=中草药, columnName=化学成分, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 研究兰科石斛属植物霍山石斛Dendrobium huoshanense的化学成分及其酪氨酸酶抑制活性。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等色谱分离方法分离纯化得到单体化合物,利用MS、1D, 2D NMR等波谱学方法鉴定单体化合物的结构。同时以酪氨酸酶为筛选模型对分离得到的单体化合物进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性测试。结果 从霍山石斛的茎中分离得到了11个化合物,分别鉴定为反式阿魏酸十九烷酯(1)、反式对羟基桂皮酸十九烷酯(2)、2,4,7-三羟基-9,10-二氢菲(3)、柚皮素(4)、5-羟基-3,4'-二甲氧基联苄(5)、5-羟基-3-甲氧基联苄(6)、杯鞘石斛酚A(7)、4-羟基-3,5,4'-三甲氧基联苄(8)、阿魏酸甲酯(9)、原儿茶酸(10)、对羟基苯甲醛(11)。化合物47在100μmol/L浓度下对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为39.0%、38.3%。结论 化合物12为新化合物,命名为霍山石斛脂素A、霍山石斛脂素B;化合物3579为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物129为简单苯丙素类成分,3为二氢菲类成分,4为二氢黄酮类成分,58为联苄类成分。化合物47显示出潜在美白功效。, authors=焦扬1, 周婉晴2,3, 唐生安4, 廖茂梁2,3, authorsList=焦扬, 周婉晴, 唐生安, 廖茂梁, authorCompany=1 天津中医药大学第一附属医院药学部, 国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心, 天津 300193;
2 皖西学院生物与制药工程学院, 安徽六安 237012;
3 安徽省中药资源保护与利用工程研究中心, 安徽六安 237012;
4 天津医科大学药学院, 天津市临床药物关键技术重点实验室, 天津 300070, correspAuthors=唐生安, authorNote=焦扬: 焦扬(1987—),女,主管药师,硕士,研究方向为临床药学。E-mail:jiaoyang198809@126.com, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xNLXrnZM+OR1KkpRi3YOvw==, pdfFileSize=1202482, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=安徽省自然科学基金面上项目 (2308085MH301); 安徽省中药资源保护与持续利用工程实验室开放课题 (TCMRPSU-2022-01); 皖西学院高层次人才基金项目 (WGKQ2022074))}, authors=[Author(id=1307443239598978005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, articleId=1304414704814814115, orderNo=null, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=null, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=null, authorType=null, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=null, tenantId=null, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, authorId=1307443239598978005, language=EN, stringName=JIAO Yang, ZHOU Wanqing, TANG Shengan, LIAO Maoliang, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=null, tenantId=null, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, authorId=1307443239598978005, language=CN, stringName=焦扬, 周婉晴, 唐生安, 廖茂梁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)], keywords=[Keyword(id=1304414705288770470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=霍山石斛), Keyword(id=1304414705355879335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=霍山石斛脂素A), Keyword(id=1304414705443959720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=霍山石斛脂素B), Keyword(id=1304414705523651497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=2,4,7-三羟基-9,10-二氢菲), Keyword(id=1304414705594954666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=5-羟基-3,4'-二甲氧基联苄), Keyword(id=1304414705683035051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=杯鞘石斛酚A), Keyword(id=1304414705745949612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=CN, orderNo=7, keyword=阿魏酸甲酯), Keyword(id=1304414705850807213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414704814814115, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Dendrobium huoshanense C. 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orderTime=1788926300480, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=中国药典[S]. 一部. 2020: 98.
Zhang G, Zhang Q, SU S F, et al. Cytotoxic bibenzyl dimers from the stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook [J]. Phytochemistry, 2020, 175: 112375.
Li Y M, Zhang X, Yang L, et al. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Dendrobium huoshanense [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2022, 207: 279-289.
Huang X J, Li J, Zhang Y H, et al. α-Glucosidase inhibitory constituents from Dendrobium moniliforme [J]. J Nat Med, 2018, 72(1): 308-314.
Liu Q M, Zhao H Y, Zhong J J, et al. A new bibenzyl derivative from Dendrobium officinale [J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2019, 21(4): 321-326.
Ye Q H, Qin G W, Zhao W M. Immunomodulatory sesquiterpene glycosides from Dendrobium nobile [J]. Phytochemistry, 2002, 61(8): 885-890.
任远, 张旭强, 王怀斌, 等. 齿瓣石斛面膜的研制及其功效评价[J]. 云南化工, 2021, 48(3): 23-28.
招敏聪, 刘文, 芦晓红, 等. 铁皮石斛提取物在化妆品中的应用[J]. 香料香精化妆品, 2022(4): 94-99.
郭东昇, 杨理, 宋希强, 等. 重唇石斛地上部分化学成分及其生物活性研究[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2024, 32(2): 287-293.
颜莎, 马瑞婧, 杨柳, 等. 美花石斛化学成分及其护肤活性研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2019, 31(4): 615-620.
Li J T, Yin B L, Liu Y, et al. Mono-aromatic constituents of Dendrobium longicornu [J]. Chem Nat Compd, 2009, 45(2): 234-236.
杨虹, 王峥涛, 徐珞珊, 等. 鼓槌石斛化学成分的研究[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2002, 33(5): 367-369.
赵宏苏, 许凤清, 陈箫箫, 等. 霍山石斛化学成分研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2021, 33(9): 1491-1498.
Orsini F, Verotta L, Lecchi M, et al. Resveratrol derivatives and their role as potassium channels modulators [J]. J Nat Prod, 2004, 67(3): 421-426.
Hanawa F, Yamada T, Nakashima T. Phytoalexins from Pinus strobus bark infected with pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [J]. Phytochemistry, 2001, 57(2): 223-228.
孙佳玮, 刘继梅, 陈日道, 等. 杯鞘石斛中联苄类化学成分研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2020, 45(20): 4929-4937.
Warinhomhoun S, Khine H E E, Sritularak B, et al. Secondary metabolites in the Dendrobium heterocarpum methanolic extract and their impacts on viability and lipid storage of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(14): 2886.
刘宏栋, 高余英, 高琦, 等. 窄叶鲜卑花地上部分化学成分及降血脂活性研究[J]. 中草药, 2022, 53(14): 4276-4284.
成蕾, 陈志有, 尚志梅, 等. 重唇石斛化学成分研究[J]. 中草药, 2020, 51(12): 3126-3130.
李玖慧, 陈光英, 韩长日, 等. 青梅茎的化学成分[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2012, 43(1): 25-27.
蔡春燕, 陈鑫, 刘绍姜, 等. 不同炮制阶段多花黄精内在质量及体外抗氧化作用比较研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2022, 33(11): 2665-2669.
何晓梅, 杨娜, 甘丽敏, 等. 白及须根乙醇提取物不同萃取相抗氧化及抑制酪氨酸酶活性[J]. 皖西学院学报, 2025, 41(2): 45-48.
Wang J H, Luo J P, Zha X Q. Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in different parts of Dendrobium huoshanense by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS [J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2020, 191: 113573.)
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焦扬, 周婉晴, 唐生安, 廖茂梁
中草药 | 化学成分 2026,57(4): 1228-1233
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中草药 |化学成分 2026 , 57 (4) : 1228 -1233
霍山石斛化学成分研究
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焦扬, 周婉晴, 唐生安, 廖茂梁
作者信息
通讯作者:
唐生安
作者简介:
焦扬: 焦扬(1987—),女,主管药师,硕士,研究方向为临床药学。E-mail:jiaoyang198809@126.com
Chemical constituents from Dendrobium huoshanense
JIAO Yang, ZHOU Wanqing, TANG Shengan, LIAO Maoliang
Affiliations
doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.04.003
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目的 研究兰科石斛属植物霍山石斛Dendrobium huoshanense的化学成分及其酪氨酸酶抑制活性。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等色谱分离方法分离纯化得到单体化合物,利用MS、1D, 2D NMR等波谱学方法鉴定单体化合物的结构。同时以酪氨酸酶为筛选模型对分离得到的单体化合物进行酪氨酸酶抑制活性测试。结果 从霍山石斛的茎中分离得到了11个化合物,分别鉴定为反式阿魏酸十九烷酯(1)、反式对羟基桂皮酸十九烷酯(2)、2,4,7-三羟基-9,10-二氢菲(3)、柚皮素(4)、5-羟基-3,4'-二甲氧基联苄(5)、5-羟基-3-甲氧基联苄(6)、杯鞘石斛酚A(7)、4-羟基-3,5,4'-三甲氧基联苄(8)、阿魏酸甲酯(9)、原儿茶酸(10)、对羟基苯甲醛(11)。化合物47在100μmol/L浓度下对酪氨酸酶的抑制率为39.0%、38.3%。结论 化合物12为新化合物,命名为霍山石斛脂素A、霍山石斛脂素B;化合物3579为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物129为简单苯丙素类成分,3为二氢菲类成分,4为二氢黄酮类成分,58为联苄类成分。化合物47显示出潜在美白功效。
霍山石斛  /  霍山石斛脂素A  /  霍山石斛脂素B  /  2,4,7-三羟基-9,10-二氢菲  /  5-羟基-3,4'-二甲氧基联苄  /  杯鞘石斛酚A  /  阿魏酸甲酯
Objective To study on the chemical constituents from Dendrobium huoshanense. Methods The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, semi-prepared HPLC and other chromatography techniques. Their structures were elucidated by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Results Eleven compounds (111) were isolated, and were identified as trans-ferulic acid nonadecyl ester (1), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid nonadecyl ester (2), 2,4,7-trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (3), naringenin (4), 5-hydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxybibenzyl (5), 5-hydroxy-3-methoxybibenzyl (6), dendrogratiol A (7), amoenylin (8), methyl ferulate (9), protocatechuic acid (10), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11). At a concentration of 100 μmol/L, compounds 4 and 7 exhibited inhibitory rates of 39.0% and 38.3% against tyrosinase, respectively. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, named dendrohuoshanin A and dendrohuoshanin B. Compounds 3, 5, 79 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 was the first to be separated and purified through phytochemical methods from this plant. Compounds 1, 2, and 9 belong to simple phenylpropanoids, compound 3 is a dihydrophenanthrene, compound 4 is a dihydroflavone, and compounds 58 are bibenzyls. Compounds 4 and 7 show potential skin-whitening effects.
Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang & S. J. Cheng  /  dendrohuoshanin A  /  dendrohuoshanin B  /  2,4,7-trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene  /  5-hydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxybibenzyl  /  dendrogratiol A  /  methyl ferulate
焦扬, 周婉晴, 唐生安, 廖茂梁. 霍山石斛化学成分研究. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (4) : 1228 -1233 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.04.003
JIAO Yang, ZHOU Wanqing, TANG Shengan, LIAO Maoliang. Chemical constituents from Dendrobium huoshanense[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (4) : 1228 -1233 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.04.003

    安徽省自然科学基金面上项目 (2308085MH301); 安徽省中药资源保护与持续利用工程实验室开放课题 (TCMRPSU-2022-01); 皖西学院高层次人才基金项目 (WGKQ2022074)

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中国药典[S]. 一部. 2020: 98.
Zhang G, Zhang Q, SU S F, et al. Cytotoxic bibenzyl dimers from the stems of Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook [J]. Phytochemistry, 2020, 175: 112375.
Li Y M, Zhang X, Yang L, et al. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Dendrobium huoshanense [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2022, 207: 279-289.
Huang X J, Li J, Zhang Y H, et al. α-Glucosidase inhibitory constituents from Dendrobium moniliforme [J]. J Nat Med, 2018, 72(1): 308-314.
Liu Q M, Zhao H Y, Zhong J J, et al. A new bibenzyl derivative from Dendrobium officinale [J]. J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2019, 21(4): 321-326.
Ye Q H, Qin G W, Zhao W M. Immunomodulatory sesquiterpene glycosides from Dendrobium nobile [J]. Phytochemistry, 2002, 61(8): 885-890.
任远, 张旭强, 王怀斌, 等. 齿瓣石斛面膜的研制及其功效评价[J]. 云南化工, 2021, 48(3): 23-28.
招敏聪, 刘文, 芦晓红, 等. 铁皮石斛提取物在化妆品中的应用[J]. 香料香精化妆品, 2022(4): 94-99.
郭东昇, 杨理, 宋希强, 等. 重唇石斛地上部分化学成分及其生物活性研究[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2024, 32(2): 287-293.
颜莎, 马瑞婧, 杨柳, 等. 美花石斛化学成分及其护肤活性研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2019, 31(4): 615-620.
Li J T, Yin B L, Liu Y, et al. Mono-aromatic constituents of Dendrobium longicornu [J]. Chem Nat Compd, 2009, 45(2): 234-236.
杨虹, 王峥涛, 徐珞珊, 等. 鼓槌石斛化学成分的研究[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2002, 33(5): 367-369.
赵宏苏, 许凤清, 陈箫箫, 等. 霍山石斛化学成分研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2021, 33(9): 1491-1498.
Orsini F, Verotta L, Lecchi M, et al. Resveratrol derivatives and their role as potassium channels modulators [J]. J Nat Prod, 2004, 67(3): 421-426.
Hanawa F, Yamada T, Nakashima T. Phytoalexins from Pinus strobus bark infected with pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [J]. Phytochemistry, 2001, 57(2): 223-228.
孙佳玮, 刘继梅, 陈日道, 等. 杯鞘石斛中联苄类化学成分研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2020, 45(20): 4929-4937.
Warinhomhoun S, Khine H E E, Sritularak B, et al. Secondary metabolites in the Dendrobium heterocarpum methanolic extract and their impacts on viability and lipid storage of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes [J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(14): 2886.
刘宏栋, 高余英, 高琦, 等. 窄叶鲜卑花地上部分化学成分及降血脂活性研究[J]. 中草药, 2022, 53(14): 4276-4284.
成蕾, 陈志有, 尚志梅, 等. 重唇石斛化学成分研究[J]. 中草药, 2020, 51(12): 3126-3130.
李玖慧, 陈光英, 韩长日, 等. 青梅茎的化学成分[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2012, 43(1): 25-27.
蔡春燕, 陈鑫, 刘绍姜, 等. 不同炮制阶段多花黄精内在质量及体外抗氧化作用比较研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2022, 33(11): 2665-2669.
何晓梅, 杨娜, 甘丽敏, 等. 白及须根乙醇提取物不同萃取相抗氧化及抑制酪氨酸酶活性[J]. 皖西学院学报, 2025, 41(2): 45-48.
Wang J H, Luo J P, Zha X Q. Comparative analysis of chemical constituents in different parts of Dendrobium huoshanense by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS [J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2020, 191: 113573.
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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.04.003
  • 接收时间:2025-11-06
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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