Article(id=1304388237640884995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304388157621948709, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1772121600000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788919990215, onlineDateStr=2026-09-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788919990215, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788919990215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788919990215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304388157621948709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, year='2026', volume='57', issue='15', pageStart='5789', pageEnd='6208', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786464000000', pubDateStr='2026-08-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788919971137, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788923514106, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1304403017982300207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304388157621948709, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1304403017982300208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304388157621948709, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5837, endPage=5847, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304388237934486277, articleId=1304388237640884995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=EN, title=Analysis of acid-base complexation reaction patterns of salvianolic acid B and matrine during compatibility of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix based on quantitative model of component states, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=Objective Based on a confined mass transfer mathematical model, this study aims to establish a quantitative analysis method for the existing states of matrine in the complex solution environment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and elucidate the influence pattern of the compatibility ratio of Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma , SMRR) and Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix , SFR) on its acid-base complexation reaction. Methods Based on the mass transfer differences of component states during nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF), the mass transfer coefficient of matrine was fitted taking the component transmission rate and membrane flux as evaluation indicators. Using the molecular and ionic monomer components as references, a quantitative calculation model for the existing states was constructed. The existing states of matrine in the SFR extract and the SMRR- SFR co-extract were fitted to analyze the occurrence patterns of acid-base complexation reactions under different solution environments. Results Coupling UF and NF enhanced the separation differences between the ionic and molecular states of matrine, thereby improving the accuracy of the quantitative calculation model for the ionic state. The correlation coefficients of the power function equations for quantitatively calculating the existing states of matrine were all greater than 0.97, indicating that the model was successfully established. The proportion of matrine in the molecular state was approximately 1.21%-1.91% in both the SFR extract and the co-extract. In the SFR extract, matrine existed as 36.90% in the ionic state and 61.98% in the associated state. After compatibility and extraction of SFR and SMRR, the existing form of matrine changed significantly. When the compatibility ratio of SMRR was low, the ionic state was dominant, with the increase in the proportion of SMRR, the ionic proportion of matrine gradually decreased from 66.73% to 45.83%, transforming into a complex-structured composite state, and the corresponding composite state proportion rose from 31.87% to 52.90%. Conclusion A quantitative calculation method for the existing states of matrine in different solution environments was successfully constructed, providing technical support for elucidating the states of components in complex solution environments., authors=XING Dantong, ZHANG Zihan, YU Guilu, ZHI Xinglei, DONG Zhengqi, LI Cunyu, authorsList=XING Dantong, ZHANG Zihan, YU Guilu, ZHI Xinglei, DONG Zhengqi, LI Cunyu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304388237850600196, articleId=1304388237640884995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=CN, title=基于成分状态定量模型分析丹参-苦参配伍过程中丹酚酸B-苦参碱的酸碱复合反应规律, columnId=1304140189132149234, journalTitle=中草药, columnName=药剂与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 基于限域传质数学模型,建立中药复杂溶液环境中苦参碱存在状态的定量分析方法,解析丹参Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma -苦参Sophorae Flavescentis Radix 配伍比例对其酸碱复合反应的影响规律。方法 基于成分状态在纳滤和超滤的传质差异性,以成分透过率、膜通量为考察指标,拟合苦参碱传质系数,以分子态、离子态单体成分为参照,构建存在状态定量计算模型,对苦参提取液、丹参-苦参提取液中苦参碱存在状态进行拟合,分析在不同溶液环境下酸碱复合反应的发生规律。结果 基于超滤-纳滤耦合强化苦参碱离子态、分子态的分离差异,提升了离子态定量计算模型的准确度。苦参碱存在状态定量计算幂函数方程的相关性系数均大于0.97,模型成立。苦参及配伍提取液中苦参碱分子态比例均处于极低水平,波动范围在1.12%~1.91%。苦参提取液中苦参碱以36.90%的离子态、61.98%的缔合态的形式存在。苦参与丹参配伍提取后,苦参碱存在形式发生明显变化,在丹参处于低配伍比例时以离子态形式占主导,随着丹参配伍比例的升高,苦参碱离子态比例由66.73%逐渐下降至45.83%,转变为结构复杂的复合态,对应复合态比例由31.87%上升至52.90%。结论 构建了苦参碱在不同溶液环境下存在状态定量计算方法,为解析复杂溶液环境下成分状态提供技术支撑。, authors=邢丹彤1,2 , 张子涵1,2 , 于炅鹭1,2 , 支兴蕾1,2 , 董政起3 , 李存玉1,2,4 , authorsList=邢丹彤, 张子涵, 于炅鹭, 支兴蕾, 董政起, 李存玉, authorCompany=1 南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023; 2 中药制药过程控制与智能制造技术全国重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023; 3 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药用植物研究所, 北京 100193; 4 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210023, correspAuthors=李存玉, authorNote=邢丹彤: 邢丹彤(2002—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为纳滤分离在中药制药产业的应用。E-mail:202410966@njucm.edu.cn, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=kKa6NnGNeYADtjIBMcS3pg==, pdfFileSize=1422397, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=国家自然科学基金项目 (82274106); 中药制药过程控制与智能制造技术全国重点实验室创新项目 (NZYSKL240207); 2026年度南京中医药大学“揭榜挂帅”重大项目)}, authors=null, keywords=[Keyword(id=1304402055364367159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304388237640884995, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=限域传质数学模型), Keyword(id=1304402055435670328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, 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provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=0, orderTime=1788919990215, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=李文竹, 张禄权, 李白玲, 等. 基于质量源于设计理念的丹参浓缩膏石硫工艺优化研究[J]. 中草药, 2019, 50(10): 2302-2311. 王明娟, 胡晓茹, 戴忠, 等. 新型的药品质量管理理念“质量源于设计”[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2014, 23(8): 948-954 Shimul I M, Moshikur R M, Nabila F H, et al. Formulation and characterization of choline oleate-based micelles for co-delivery of luteolin, naringenin, and quercetin [J]. Food Chem, 2023, 429: 136911. Pang X, Lu Z, Du H L, et al. Hyaluronic acid-quercetin conjugate micelles: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation [J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2014, 123: 778-786. Du Z Y, Xu N, Yang Y, et al. Study on internal structure of casein micelles in reconstituted skim milk powder [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2023, 224: 437-452. 董治国, 周容, 何金凤, 等. 膜分离技术在中药绿色制造中的应用与展望[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(12): 4225-4234. Li C Y, Ma Y, Tang S W, et al. Recent advances of nanofiltration separation in pharmaceutical field from water to organic solution [J]. J Mol Liq, 2024, 409: 125482. 邢丹彤, 丘燃云, 沈欣, 等. 中药复杂溶液环境中成分存在状态解析及制药控制研究[J]. 中草药, 2026, 57(3): 1123-1137. 李存玉, 林亚娟, 李明明, 等. 基于存在状态定量计算模型研究丹参注射液的醇沉精制机制[J]. 中草药, 2022, 53(20): 6431-6442. Xu Y Y, Shen X, Qiu R Y, et al. Study of interfacial competitive distribution and synergistic permeation in nanofiltration separation of Salvia divinorum acids from the aqueous extract [J]. J Water Process Eng, 2024, 66: 106096. 吴鑫, 左雯雯, 金立阳, 等. 没食子酸-生物碱配伍存在状态的分析[J]. 中成药, 2020, 42(6): 1416-1420. 胡萍, 蔡勤华, 杨文, 等. 消疣汤治疗尖锐湿疣及对复发率的影响[J]. 陕西中医, 2012, 33(1): 56-57. 叶淑青, 伍清萍, 郑雨君, 等. 基于临界分离效应的复杂溶液环境中丹酚酸B、苦参碱纳滤分离规律[J]. 中成药, 2021, 43(2): 314-320. 中国药典[S]. 一部. 2025: 219. Murthy Z V P, Gupta S K. Estimation of mass transfer coefficient using a combined nonlinear membrane transport and film theory model [J]. Desalination, 1997, 109(1): 39-49. 章莲, 徐扬阳, 李存玉, 等. 中药复杂溶液中纳滤技术的应用特点及挑战[J]. 中国医药工业杂志, 2024, 55(7): 919-927. Wang W B, Zhang K Y, Wang J, et al. Optimizing nanofiltration membrane pore size and charge via blended acyl chloride monomers for efficient lithium-magnesium separation [J]. Desalination, 2026, 619: 119560. Mao X, Xu N Y, Shi X Y, et al. Integration of charge repulsion and size exclusion effects into the skin layer matrix for enhanced Mg2+ /Li+ nanofiltration separation [J]. J Membr Sci, 2025, 713: 123315. Georgiev G S, Dakova I G. Study of radical methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymerization in isopropyl alcohol by dynamic laser scattering and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy [J]. Eur Polym J, 1994, 30(12): 1417-1424. 丘燃云, 邢丹彤, 沈欣, 等. 基于纳滤传质模型分析热毒宁注射液中绿原酸存在状态与浓缩工艺传递规律的相关性[J]. 中草药, 2026, 57(1): 86-94. 李存玉, 蒋佳丽, 邹雨岑, 等. 基于传质数学模型研究丹参-枳实复方中成分存在状态与纳滤分离机制[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(15): 4544-4551. 上海药品审评核查中心. 制药过程分析技术应用指南[M]. 上海: 华东理工大学出版社, 2023: 66-75.)
中草药
|药剂与工艺
2026
, 57
(15) :
5837
-5847
基于成分状态定量模型分析丹参-苦参配伍过程中丹酚酸B-苦参碱的酸碱复合反应规律
全屏
邢丹彤1,2 , 张子涵1,2 , 于炅鹭1,2 , 支兴蕾1,2 , 董政起3 , 李存玉1,2,4
作者信息
1 南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210023; 2 中药制药过程控制与智能制造技术全国重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023; 3 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药用植物研究所, 北京 100193; 4 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210023
通讯作者:
李存玉
作者简介:
邢丹彤: 邢丹彤(2002—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为纳滤分离在中药制药产业的应用。E-mail:202410966@njucm.edu.cn
Analysis of acid-base complexation reaction patterns of salvianolic acid B and matrine during compatibility of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix based on quantitative model of component states
XING Dantong, ZHANG Zihan, YU Guilu, ZHI Xinglei, DONG Zhengqi, LI Cunyu
Affiliations
doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006
文章导航
目的 基于限域传质数学模型,建立中药复杂溶液环境中苦参碱存在状态的定量分析方法,解析丹参Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma -苦参Sophorae Flavescentis Radix 配伍比例对其酸碱复合反应的影响规律。方法 基于成分状态在纳滤和超滤的传质差异性,以成分透过率、膜通量为考察指标,拟合苦参碱传质系数,以分子态、离子态单体成分为参照,构建存在状态定量计算模型,对苦参提取液、丹参-苦参提取液中苦参碱存在状态进行拟合,分析在不同溶液环境下酸碱复合反应的发生规律。结果 基于超滤-纳滤耦合强化苦参碱离子态、分子态的分离差异,提升了离子态定量计算模型的准确度。苦参碱存在状态定量计算幂函数方程的相关性系数均大于0.97,模型成立。苦参及配伍提取液中苦参碱分子态比例均处于极低水平,波动范围在1.12%~1.91%。苦参提取液中苦参碱以36.90%的离子态、61.98%的缔合态的形式存在。苦参与丹参配伍提取后,苦参碱存在形式发生明显变化,在丹参处于低配伍比例时以离子态形式占主导,随着丹参配伍比例的升高,苦参碱离子态比例由66.73%逐渐下降至45.83%,转变为结构复杂的复合态,对应复合态比例由31.87%上升至52.90%。结论 构建了苦参碱在不同溶液环境下存在状态定量计算方法,为解析复杂溶液环境下成分状态提供技术支撑。
限域传质数学模型
/
存在状态
/
苦参碱
/
丹酚酸B
/
丹参
/
苦参
/
制剂配伍
/
纳滤
/
超滤
/
动态光散射法
/
扫描电子显微镜
Objective Based on a confined mass transfer mathematical model, this study aims to establish a quantitative analysis method for the existing states of matrine in the complex solution environment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and elucidate the influence pattern of the compatibility ratio of Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma , SMRR) and Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix , SFR) on its acid-base complexation reaction. Methods Based on the mass transfer differences of component states during nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF), the mass transfer coefficient of matrine was fitted taking the component transmission rate and membrane flux as evaluation indicators. Using the molecular and ionic monomer components as references, a quantitative calculation model for the existing states was constructed. The existing states of matrine in the SFR extract and the SMRR- SFR co-extract were fitted to analyze the occurrence patterns of acid-base complexation reactions under different solution environments. Results Coupling UF and NF enhanced the separation differences between the ionic and molecular states of matrine, thereby improving the accuracy of the quantitative calculation model for the ionic state. The correlation coefficients of the power function equations for quantitatively calculating the existing states of matrine were all greater than 0.97, indicating that the model was successfully established. The proportion of matrine in the molecular state was approximately 1.21%-1.91% in both the SFR extract and the co-extract. In the SFR extract, matrine existed as 36.90% in the ionic state and 61.98% in the associated state. After compatibility and extraction of SFR and SMRR, the existing form of matrine changed significantly. When the compatibility ratio of SMRR was low, the ionic state was dominant, with the increase in the proportion of SMRR, the ionic proportion of matrine gradually decreased from 66.73% to 45.83%, transforming into a complex-structured composite state, and the corresponding composite state proportion rose from 31.87% to 52.90%. Conclusion A quantitative calculation method for the existing states of matrine in different solution environments was successfully constructed, providing technical support for elucidating the states of components in complex solution environments.
mathematical model of confined mass transfer
/
existence state
/
matrine
/
salvianolic acid B
/
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
/
S ophorae Flavescentis Radix
/
formulation compatibility
/
nanofiltration
/
ultrafiltration
/
dynamic light scattering method
/
scanning electron microscopy
邢丹彤, 张子涵, 于炅鹭, 支兴蕾, 董政起, 李存玉.
基于成分状态定量模型分析丹参-苦参配伍过程中丹酚酸B-苦参碱的酸碱复合反应规律.
中草药,
2026
, 57
(15)
: 5837
-5847
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006
XING Dantong, ZHANG Zihan, YU Guilu, ZHI Xinglei, DONG Zhengqi, LI Cunyu.
Analysis of acid-base complexation reaction patterns of salvianolic acid B and matrine during compatibility of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix based on quantitative model of component states[J].
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs ,
2026
, 57
(15)
: 5837
-5847
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006
参考文献
引证文献
李文竹, 张禄权, 李白玲, 等. 基于质量源于设计理念的丹参浓缩膏石硫工艺优化研究[J]. 中草药, 2019, 50(10): 2302-2311. 王明娟, 胡晓茹, 戴忠, 等. 新型的药品质量管理理念“质量源于设计”[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2014, 23(8): 948-954 Shimul I M, Moshikur R M, Nabila F H, et al. Formulation and characterization of choline oleate-based micelles for co-delivery of luteolin, naringenin, and quercetin [J]. Food Chem, 2023, 429: 136911. Pang X, Lu Z, Du H L, et al. Hyaluronic acid-quercetin conjugate micelles: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation [J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2014, 123: 778-786. Du Z Y, Xu N, Yang Y, et al. Study on internal structure of casein micelles in reconstituted skim milk powder [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2023, 224: 437-452. 董治国, 周容, 何金凤, 等. 膜分离技术在中药绿色制造中的应用与展望[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(12): 4225-4234. Li C Y, Ma Y, Tang S W, et al. Recent advances of nanofiltration separation in pharmaceutical field from water to organic solution [J]. J Mol Liq, 2024, 409: 125482. 邢丹彤, 丘燃云, 沈欣, 等. 中药复杂溶液环境中成分存在状态解析及制药控制研究[J]. 中草药, 2026, 57(3): 1123-1137. 李存玉, 林亚娟, 李明明, 等. 基于存在状态定量计算模型研究丹参注射液的醇沉精制机制[J]. 中草药, 2022, 53(20): 6431-6442. Xu Y Y, Shen X, Qiu R Y, et al. Study of interfacial competitive distribution and synergistic permeation in nanofiltration separation of Salvia divinorum acids from the aqueous extract [J]. J Water Process Eng, 2024, 66: 106096. 吴鑫, 左雯雯, 金立阳, 等. 没食子酸-生物碱配伍存在状态的分析[J]. 中成药, 2020, 42(6): 1416-1420. 胡萍, 蔡勤华, 杨文, 等. 消疣汤治疗尖锐湿疣及对复发率的影响[J]. 陕西中医, 2012, 33(1): 56-57. 叶淑青, 伍清萍, 郑雨君, 等. 基于临界分离效应的复杂溶液环境中丹酚酸B、苦参碱纳滤分离规律[J]. 中成药, 2021, 43(2): 314-320. 中国药典[S]. 一部. 2025: 219. Murthy Z V P, Gupta S K. Estimation of mass transfer coefficient using a combined nonlinear membrane transport and film theory model [J]. Desalination, 1997, 109(1): 39-49. 章莲, 徐扬阳, 李存玉, 等. 中药复杂溶液中纳滤技术的应用特点及挑战[J]. 中国医药工业杂志, 2024, 55(7): 919-927. Wang W B, Zhang K Y, Wang J, et al. Optimizing nanofiltration membrane pore size and charge via blended acyl chloride monomers for efficient lithium-magnesium separation [J]. Desalination, 2026, 619: 119560. Mao X, Xu N Y, Shi X Y, et al. Integration of charge repulsion and size exclusion effects into the skin layer matrix for enhanced Mg2+ /Li+ nanofiltration separation [J]. J Membr Sci, 2025, 713: 123315. Georgiev G S, Dakova I G. Study of radical methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymerization in isopropyl alcohol by dynamic laser scattering and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy [J]. Eur Polym J, 1994, 30(12): 1417-1424. 丘燃云, 邢丹彤, 沈欣, 等. 基于纳滤传质模型分析热毒宁注射液中绿原酸存在状态与浓缩工艺传递规律的相关性[J]. 中草药, 2026, 57(1): 86-94. 李存玉, 蒋佳丽, 邹雨岑, 等. 基于传质数学模型研究丹参-枳实复方中成分存在状态与纳滤分离机制[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(15): 4544-4551. 上海药品审评核查中心. 制药过程分析技术应用指南[M]. 上海: 华东理工大学出版社, 2023: 66-75.
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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family 属数 Number of genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 属 Genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78 小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39 红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87 小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26 光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39 红菇属 Russula 17 8.13 栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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