中草药

中草药囊泡调控神经退行性疾病的机制、应用进展与转化瓶颈

PDF下载

中草药 | 综述 2026,57(11): 4483-4493

收起

中草药 |综述 2026 , 57 (11) : 4483 -4493

中草药囊泡调控神经退行性疾病的机制、应用进展与转化瓶颈

全屏

张梦凡¹, 彭涛¹, 郭筱芳¹, 刘兴华², 林兴栋^1,2

作者信息

通讯作者:

林兴栋

作者简介:

张梦凡: 张梦凡，硕士研究生彭涛: 从事中医热病与脑病的研究。E-mail:20241111122@stu.gzucm.edu.cn

Mechanisms, application progress, and translation bottlenecks of Chinese herbal medicine-derived EV-like particles in regulating neurodegenerative diseases

ZHANG Mengfan, PENG Tao, GUO Xiaofang, LIU Xinghua, LIN Xingdong

Affiliations

doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.033

文章导航

摘要

收起

中草药来源细胞外囊泡样颗粒/中草药囊泡（Chinese herbal medicine-derived EV-like particles，CHM-EVLP）是源于《中国药典》2025年版收载药用植物的天然纳米递送系统，具有生物相容性佳、免疫原性低、跨生物屏障能力突出及多成分协同发挥作用等优势，能有效突破传统药物在神经退行性疾病（neurodegenerative diseases，NDDs）治疗中血脑屏障（blood-brain barrier，BBB）穿透难、单靶点干预效果有限等瓶颈。系统梳理了CHM-EVLP的生物学特征与物质基础，明确其核心粒径集中在30～150 nm，由脂质、蛋白质、核酸及次生代谢物构成复合体系；总结了差速超速离心法、密度梯度离心法、超滤/尺寸排阻色谱法等分离纯化技术及多维度表征方法。重点阐述了CHM-EVLP防治NDDs的核心机制，即通过“抑制蛋白聚集-调控神经炎症-修复线粒体-保护神经元”四重通路协同作用，针对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）、帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease，PD）形成特异性体内作用路径，并分析了口服、鼻腔、注射等给药途径的适配场景。同时指出当前CHM-EVLP研究存在提取纯化缺乏统一规范、质量控制体系不完善、体内递送效率与长期安全性需深入验证等问题，提出建立标准化制备流程、构建“组合标志体系”、深化关键活性成分-靶点-效应关联验证等未来研究方向。为CHM-EVLP的工程化开发及中医药纳米制剂在NDDs防治中的临床转化提供理论支撑与技术参考，凸显其在中医药现代化领域的应用价值。

关键词

中草药囊泡 / 神经退行性疾病 / 阿尔茨海默病 / 帕金森病 / 纳米递送系统

Abstract

收起

Chinese herbal medicine-derived EV-like particles (CHM-EVLP) constitute a natural nanoscale delivery system sourced from medicinal plants listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, outstanding ability to traverse biological barriers, and synergistic effects from multiple components. They effectively overcome limitations in traditional drug therapies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as difficulty in penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the limited efficacy of single-target interventions. This paper systematically reviews the biological characteristics and material basis of CHM-EVLP, confirming its core particle size distribution between 30—150 nm and its composite structure comprising lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and secondary metabolites. It summarises separation and purification techniques—including differential ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and ultrafiltration/size exclusion chromatography—alongside multidimensional characterisation methods. It emphasises the core mechanism of CHM-EVLP in preventing and treating NDDs, which involves the synergistic action of four pathways: “inhibiting protein aggregation, regulating neuroinflammation, repairing mitochondria, and protecting neurons”. This approach establishes specific in vivo action pathways for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), while analysing suitable scenarios for oral, intranasal, and injectable administration routes. Concurrently, it identifies current limitations in CHM-EVLP research, including the absence of standardised extraction and purification protocols, incomplete quality control systems, and the need for further validation of in vivo delivery efficiency and long-term safety. Future research directions proposed include establishing standardised preparation workflows, constructing a “combined marker system”, and deepening the validation of key bioactive component-target-effect relationships. This work provides theoretical underpinnings and technical references for the engineered development of CHM-EVLPs and the clinical translation of TCM nanomedicines in NDDs prevention and treatment, highlighting their application value in modernising traditional Chinese medicine.

Key words

Chinese herbal medicine-derived EV-like particles (CHM-EVLP) / neurodegenerative diseases / Alzheimer’s disease / Parkinson’s disease / nano-delivery systems

引用本文

张梦凡, 彭涛, 郭筱芳, 刘兴华, 林兴栋. 中草药囊泡调控神经退行性疾病的机制、应用进展与转化瓶颈. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (11) : 4483 -4493 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.033

ZHANG Mengfan, PENG Tao, GUO Xiaofang, LIU Xinghua, LIN Xingdong. Mechanisms, application progress, and translation bottlenecks of Chinese herbal medicine-derived EV-like particles in regulating neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (11) : 4483 -4493 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.033

基金

收起

广东省普通高校特色创新项目 (2023KTSCX025); 广东省中医药局科研项目 (20254084); 国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项 (2022YFC3501402)

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

Godefroy V, Sezer I, Bouzigues A, et al. Altered delay discounting in neurodegeneration: Insight into the underlying mechanisms and perspectives for clinical applications [J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2023, 146: 105048.
Lichtenberg P A, Murman D L, Mellow A M, editors. Handbook of dementia: Psychological, neurological, and psychiatric perspectives [M]. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2004: 45-50.
Cummings J L, Zhou Y D, Lee G, et al. Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline: 2025[J]. Alzheimers Dement, 2025, 11(2): e70098.
Pardridge W M. Drug and gene targeting to the brain with molecular Trojan horses [J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2002, 1(2): 131-139.
Yang C, Wu Y, Wang L, et al. Glioma-derived exosomes hijack the blood-brain barrier to facilitate nanocapsule delivery via LCN2[J]. J Control Rel, 2022, 345: 537-548.
Kim J, Li S Y, Zhang S Y, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles and their therapeutic activities [J]. Asian J Pharm Sci, 2022, 17(1): 53-69.
赵清, 王通, 赵可伟. 中草药囊泡研究与应用专家共识（2023年版）[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(1): 12-22.
Zhang Y D, Zhang X Y, Zhou J, et al. Lycium ruthenicum Murray exosome-like nanovesicles alleviated Alzheimer’s disease-like symptoms induced by Aβ protein in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans through the DAF-16 pathway [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2025, 304: 140758.
Mi X, Ruan X L, Lin R Y, et al. Intranasal administration of Ganoderma lucidum-derived exosome-like nanovesicles ameliorates cognitive impairment by reducing inflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2025, 16: 1572771.
Kim J, Zhu Y, Chen S H, et al. Anti-glioma effect of ginseng-derived exosomes-like nanoparticles by active blood-brain-barrier penetration and tumor microenvironment modulation [J]. J Nanobiotechnol, 2023, 21(1): 253.
Wang K, Yang Z T, Wang F, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine derived exosome-like nanovesicles in wound repair and skin regeneration [J]. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2025, 13: 1680757.
Krylova S V, Feng D R. The machinery of exosomes: Biogenesis, release, and uptake [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(2): 1337.
Hade M D, Suire C N, Suo Z. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Applications in regenerative medicine. [J]. Cells, 2021, 10(8): 1959.
Khatami S H, Karami N, Taheri-Anganeh M, et al. Exosomes: Promising delivery tools for overcoming blood-brain barrier and glioblastoma therapy [J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2023, 60(8): 4659-4678.
Li F, Wu L, Feng X, et al. Extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease: Dual roles in pathogenesis, promising avenues for diagnosis and therapy [J]. Pharmaceutics, 2026, 18: 70.
Colombo M, Raposo G, Théry C. Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles [J]. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 2014, 30: 255-289.
Wang J, Ding Y, Wang J Q, et al. EXPO, an exocyst-positive organelle distinct from multivesicular endosomes and autophagosomes, mediates cytosol to cell wall exocytosis in Arabidopsis and tobacco cells [J]. Plant Cell, 2010, 22(12): 4009-4030.
Zuo Y, Zhang J Y, Sun B, et al. A new perspective on regenerative medicine: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles [J]. Biomolecules, 2025, 15(8): 1095.
Zhao Q, Wang T, Wang H B, et al. Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023 edition) [J]. Chin Herb Med, 2024, 16(1): 3-12.
Bai C M, Liu J R, Zhang X M, et al. Research status and challenges of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2024, 174: 116543.
Wei Y, Cai X, Wu Q, et al. Extraction, isolation, and component analysis of turmeric-derived exosome-like nanoparticles. [J]. Bioengineering (Basel), 2023, 10(10): 1199.
Zhang J Y, Tian S, Guo L, et al. Chinese herbal medicine-derived extracellular vesicles as novel biotherapeutic tools: Present and future [J]. J Transl Med, 2024, 22(1): 1059.
Gao Z, Li J, Yang W, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles: Innovative nanomedicine for therapeutic applications. [J]. Food Sci Nutr, 2025, 13(9): e70974.
Zhan W Q, Deng M Z, Huang X Q, et al. Pueraria lobata-derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate osteoporosis by enhancing autophagy [J]. J Control Release, 2023, 364: 644-653.
Wang K H, Zhang X Z, Goatley M, et al. Heat shock proteins in relation to heat stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass at different N levels [J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(7): e102914.
Li D, Yang J, Yang Y, et al. A Timely review of cross-kingdom regulation of plant-derived microRNAs. [J]. Front Genet, 2021, 12: 613197.
陈元俊, 林思行, 纪丽纯, 等. 金银花源性细胞外囊泡样颗粒的抗炎活性及机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(13): 3308-3320.
陈静, 孟剑桥, 侯思佳, 等. 木本植物中microRNA的研究进展[J]. 植物生理学报, 2023, 59(05): 817-828.
Tan M H, Liu Y D, Xu Y, et al. Plant-derived exosomes as novel nanotherapeutics contrive glycolysis reprogramming- mediated angiogenesis for diabetic ulcer healing [J]. Biomater Res, 2024, 28: 35
于文君. 淫羊藿、黄芪、葛根有效成份组方对APP/PS1阿尔茨海默病转基因模型鼠脑皮质铁代谢相关蛋白的干预作用及其机制研究[D]. 石家庄: 河北医科大学, 2018.
Cheng J, Zhu Y. Review on extraction technology and function of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles. [J]. Front Med Technol, 2025, 7: 1668738.
Mu N, Li J, Zeng L, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles: Current progress and prospects [J]. Int J Nanomed, 2023, 18: 4987-5009.
Welsh J A, Goberdhan D C I, O'Driscoll L, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches [J]. J Extracell Vesicles, 2024, 13(2): e12404.
Sidhom K, Obi P O, Saleem A. A Review of exosomal isolation methods: is size exclusion chromatography the best option? [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(18): 6466.
Alzahrani F A, Khan M I, Kameli N, et al. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles and their exciting potential as the future of next-generation drug delivery [J]. Biomolecules, 2023, 13: 839.
Abudurexiti A, Feng B Z, Nong Q D, et al. Protective effects of Chinese herbal monomers against ischemia-reperfusion injury [J]. Am J Transl Res, 2023, 15(5): 3026-3039.
Ma Y M, Zhao L. Mechanism and therapeutic prospect of miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases [J]. Behav Neurol, 2023, 23: 8537296.
Ding L, Bian Q, Mou X Z, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles for CNS drug delivery and gut-brain axis modulation: A narrative review [J]. Int J Nanomed, 2025, 20: 16093-16123.
Jiang S, Li H Q, Zhang L, et al. Generic Diagramming Platform (GDP): A comprehensive database of high-quality biomedical graphics [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2025, 53(D1): D1670-D1676.
Li Y, Zhou C, Liu H, et al. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria, mammalian or plant cells in the pathogenesis and clinical application of neurodegenerative diseases [J]. Biomolecules, 2024, 14(3): 312.
Tembo K M, Wang X H, Bolideei M, et al. Exploring the bioactivity of microRNAs originated from plant-derived exosome-like Nanoparticles (PELNs): Current perspectives [J]. J Nanobiotechnol, 2025, 23(1): 563.
Ramirez A, Old W, Selwood D L, et al. Cannabidiol activates PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy and mitochondrial-derived vesicles [J]. Eur J Cell Biol, 2022, 101(1): 151185.
Calzoni E, Cusumano G, Bertoldi A, et al. Rhubarb-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in an Alzheimer’s cellular model [J]. Nutrients, 2025, 17(23): 3771.
Zhang Y, Lu L, Li Y, et al. Response surface methodology optimization of exosome-like nanovesicles extraction from Lycium ruthenicum Murray and their inhibitory effects on Aβ-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in HT22 cells [J]. Foods, 2024, 13(20): 3328.
Iyaswamy A, Thakur A, Guan X J, et al. Fe65-engineered neuronal exosomes encapsulating corynoxine-B ameliorate cognition and pathology of Alzheimer’s disease [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8(1): 404.
Chen W, Wang H B, Ye X, et al. Gardenia-derived extracellular vesicles exert therapeutic effects on dopaminergic neuron apoptosis-mediated Parkinson’s disease [J]. NPJ Park Dis, 2025, 11: 200.
Xu Y, Yan G, Zhao J Y, et al. Plant-derived exosomes as cell homogeneous nanoplatforms for brain biomacromolecules delivery ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction against Parkinson’s disease [J]. Nano Today, 2024, 58: 102438.
Radad K, Gille G, Moldzio R, et al. Ginsenosides Rb₁ and Rg₁ effects on survival and neurite growth of MPP⁺-affected mesencephalic dopaminergic cells [J]. J Neural Transm, 2004, 111(1): 37-45.
刘彦君. 鱼腥草来源的胞外囊泡对巨噬细胞线粒体代谢和炎症反应的调控作用[D]. 南京: 南京中医药大学, 2020.
Sundaram K, Mu J, Kumar A, et al. Garlic exosome-like nanoparticles reverse high-fat diet induced obesity via the gut/brain axis. [J]. Theranostics, 2022,12(3): 1220-1246.
Feng J, Xiu Q, Huang Y, et al. Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles as promising biotherapeutic tools: Present and future [J]. Adv Mater, 2023, 35(24): e2207826.
Isik S, Alhelwani S, Sahsahi A, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles: Mechanisms and molecular understanding in neurological disorders with potential therapeutic applications [J]. Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2025, 15(12): 4452-4478.
Zheng M L, Hong X T, Liao P H, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles: A promising therapeutic for neurological disorders and drug delivery [J]. Int J Nanomed, 2025, 20: 15769-15791.
Jin Z, Na J T, Lin X, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles: A novel nanotool for disease therapy [J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(9): e30630.
Théry C, Witwer K W, Aikawa E, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018(MISEV2018): A position statement of the international society for extracellular vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines [J]. J Extracell Vesicles, 2018, 7(1): 1535750.
Liu H, Dong T R, Dong C, et al. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles: A novel therapeutic perspective for skin diseases [J]. J Nanobiotechnol, 2025, 23(1): 640.

2026年第57卷第11期

PDF下载

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.033

接收时间：2026-01-28
首发时间：2026-09-09

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2026-01-28

基金

作者信息

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.033

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT