中草药

从“药性功效”到“受体解码”：苦味中药的受体药理学研究进展

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中草药 | 综述 2026,57(11): 4422-4434

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中草药 |综述 2026 , 57 (11) : 4422 -4434

从“药性功效”到“受体解码”：苦味中药的受体药理学研究进展

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董芮彤^1,2, 李莲^1,3, 王钰麟^1,3, 李鑫^1,4, 李欢^1,5, 王鹏^1,6, 安文乔^3,4, 黄岩^1,4, 丛朝彤^1,4, 张三印^1,4

作者信息

通讯作者:

丛朝彤

作者简介:

董芮彤: 董芮彤，本科生，研究方向为中医学。E-mail:1120460370@qq.com 李莲: 李莲，博士研究生，研究方向为中西医结合基础。E-mail:LL1973163811@163.com

From medicinal properties and effects to receptor decoding: Advances in receptor pharmacology of bitter traditional Chinese medicines

DONG Ruitong, LI Lian, WANG Yulin, LI Xin, LI Huan, WANG Peng, AN Wenqiao, HUANG Yan, CONG Zhaotong, ZHANG Sanyin

Affiliations

doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.028

文章导航

摘要

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苦味受体（type 2 bitter taste receptor，TAS2Rs）属于G蛋白偶联受体亚家族，共有25个受体成员，除表达于味蕾以感知苦味外，还广泛分布于呼吸、消化、免疫等系统，参与调控气道防御、胃肠运动、炎症反应等生理过程。在中医药理论中，苦味中药具有“能泄、能燥、能坚”的特性，其功效物质既是苦味感知的呈味分子，又是发挥苦味药性和药效的关键成分，可能通过激活在不同组织器官表达的TAS2Rs，发挥调节糖脂代谢、调控炎症反应等药理作用。通过系统阐述苦味中药药效与TAS2Rs受体功能之间的关联，及TAS2Rs的组织分布、生理功能、结构特征及信号转导机制等，分析苦味中药与TAS2Rs受体药理学研究面临的问题与挑战，以期揭示苦味中药“性-效-物”关联的科学内涵。

关键词

苦味中药 / 苦味受体 / 生理功能 / 结构特征 / 信号转导 / 苦味成分

Abstract

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Type 2 bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, comprise 25 receptor-members. Besides being expressed on taste buds to perceive bitterness, TAS2Rs are also distributed in multiple systems, including the respiratory, digestive, immune systems, where they regulate various physiological processes such as airway defense, gastrointestinal motility, and inflammation regulation. In traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) theory, the bitter TCMs are able to purge, dry and firm. Their functional substances often serve as both taste substances that evoke bitter perception and the key component responsible for the medicinal properties and efficacy of bitter herbs. These components may exert various pharmacological effects, such as regulating glucolipid metabolism and inflammatory responses, by activating TAS2Rs expressed in different tissues and organs. This article systematically expounds the association between the efficacy of bitter TCMs and the function of TAS2Rs, as well as the tissue distribution, physiological functions, structural characteristics and signal transduction mechanisms of TAS2Rs, and analyses the problems and challenges in research between bitter TCMs and TAS2Rs pharmacology. It’s expected to reveal the scientific essence of the “property-effect-substance” correlation of bitter TCMs.

Key words

bitter traditional Chinese medicines / bitter taste receptors / physiological function / structural characteristics / signal transduction / bitter components

引用本文

董芮彤, 李莲, 王钰麟, 李鑫, 李欢, 王鹏, 安文乔, 黄岩, 丛朝彤, 张三印. 从“药性功效”到“受体解码”：苦味中药的受体药理学研究进展. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (11) : 4422 -4434 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.028

DONG Ruitong, LI Lian, WANG Yulin, LI Xin, LI Huan, WANG Peng, AN Wenqiao, HUANG Yan, CONG Zhaotong, ZHANG Sanyin. From medicinal properties and effects to receptor decoding: Advances in receptor pharmacology of bitter traditional Chinese medicines[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (11) : 4422 -4434 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.028

基金

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组分中药国家重点实验面上项目 (CBCM2024107); 四川省杰出青年科技人才项目 (2025NSFJQ0032); 成都中医药大学引进人才项目 (030040043); 国家自然科学基金资助项目 (82574615); 国家自然科学基金资助项目 (32200576); 四川省岐黄学者能力提升项目

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2026年第57卷第11期

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.11.028

接收时间：2025-12-15
首发时间：2026-09-09

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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