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不同产地宁夏枸杞叶指纹图谱的建立及其生物碱成分的定量分析

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中草药 | 药材与资源 2026,57(12): 4845-4854

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中草药 |药材与资源 2026 , 57 (12) : 4845 -4854

不同产地宁夏枸杞叶指纹图谱的建立及其生物碱成分的定量分析

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刘霜¹, 卢顺¹, 马嘉怡¹, 汤丽华^2,3, 王琛^2,3, 范艳丽¹, 刘源¹

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通讯作者:

范艳丽

作者简介:

刘霜: 刘霜（1999—），女，宁夏银川，硕士研究生，研究方向为食品营养与质量控制。E-mail:2508200048@qq.com

Establishment of fingerprints and quantitative analysis of alkaloids in leaves of Lycium barbarum from different producing areas

LIU Shuang, LU Shun, MA Jiayi, TANG Lihua, WANG Chen, FAN Yanli, LIU Yuan

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.12.026

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目的通过HPLC指纹图谱结合化学计量学构建了宁夏5个主要种质基地50批宁夏枸杞L. barbarum叶（S1～S50）指纹图谱，并对其中主要生物碱成分定量测定。方法利用HPLC技术和中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012.1版）绘制指纹图谱，进行相似度评价和共有峰确认，并结合化学计量学综合分析。同时采用HPLC法测定7种生物碱成分（胆碱、甜菜碱、葫芦巴碱、枸杞素A、枸杞素B、N-反式阿魏酰酪胺、N-阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺）含量，对宁夏不同产地宁夏枸杞叶予以评价。结果所获指纹图谱共18个共有峰，50批宁夏枸杞叶生物碱指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱相似度为0.692～0.981，中宁、固原产地宁夏枸杞叶指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱共有模式相似度较高，而银川产宁夏枸杞叶指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱共有模式相似度较低；聚类分析（hierarchical clustering analysis，HCA）将50批样品聚为4类；主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）筛选出4个主成分，累积方差达89.014%；正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA）筛选出组间差异贡献率较大的成分，按VIP大小顺序依次为5号峰＞3号峰＞10号峰＞11号峰＞13号峰＞2号峰＞4号峰＞9号峰；含量测定结果表明固原产地的宁夏枸杞叶中7种生物碱含量最高。结论构建了稳定性强的不同产地宁夏枸杞叶HPLC指纹图谱以及7种生物碱的测定方法，结合化学计量学可用于宁夏枸杞叶产地差异分析与质量评价。

关键词

宁夏枸杞 / 宁杞菜1号 / 胆碱 / 甜菜碱 / 葫芦巴碱 / 枸杞素A / 枸杞素B / N-反式阿魏酰酪胺 / N-阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺 / 指纹图谱 / HPLC

Abstract

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Objective To evaluate the quality of Lycium barbarum leaves from various production areas in Ningxia, an HPLC fingerprinting technique combined with chemometrics and quantitative determination of multiple alkaloids constituents with LC-MS/MS was used to construct the alkaloidal fingerprints of L. barbarum leaves (S1—S50) from five bases in three production areas in Ningxia. Methods The HPLC method and Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprinting in Chinese Medicine (version 2012) were used to generate fingerprints, and similarity evaluation and common peak confirmation were carried out. Meanwhile, LC-MS/MS was used to establish a method for the determination of the contents of seven alkaloids constituents (choline, betaine, trigonelline, lyciumin A, lyciumin B, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, N-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine) to evaluate the leaves of L. barbarum from different origins in Ningxia. Results The obtained fingerprints had a total of 18 common peaks. The similarity between the alkaloid fingerprints of 50 batches of L. barbarum leaves. The control fingerprints ranged from 0.692 to 0.981. Zhongning and Guyuan origin L. barbarum leaves fingerprints have higher similarity to the control fingerprints, while Yinchuan origin L. barbarum leaves fingerprints have lower similarity to the control fingerprints. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) clustered the 50 batches of samples into four categories; principal component analysis (PCA) screened out four principal components, with a cumulative variance of 89.014%; orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) screened out the components with larger contributions to inter-group variance, which were, in the order of the size of the VIP, peak 5 > peak 3 > peak 10 > peak 11 > peak 13 > peak 2 > peak 4 > peak 9; content determination showed that seven alkaloids from Guyuan origin had the highest content. The results of content determination showed that the seven alkaloids of Guyuan origin had the highest content. Conclusion A stable HPLC fingerprint of L. barbarum leaves of different origins and a quantitative LC-MS/MS method for the determination of seven alkaloids were constructed, which can be used for the analysis of the difference in the origins of L. barbarum leaves and quality evaluation by combining with chemometrics.

Key words

Lycium barbarum L. / Ningqicai No. 1 / choline / betaine / trigonelline / lyciumin A / lyciumin B / N-trans-feruloyltyramine / N-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine / fingerprint / HPLC

引用本文

刘霜, 卢顺, 马嘉怡, 汤丽华, 王琛, 范艳丽, 刘源. 不同产地宁夏枸杞叶指纹图谱的建立及其生物碱成分的定量分析. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (12) : 4845 -4854 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.12.026

LIU Shuang, LU Shun, MA Jiayi, TANG Lihua, WANG Chen, FAN Yanli, LIU Yuan. Establishment of fingerprints and quantitative analysis of alkaloids in leaves of Lycium barbarum from different producing areas[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (12) : 4845 -4854 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.12.026

基金

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宁夏重点研发项目 (2024BBF02009)

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2026年第57卷第12期

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.12.026

接收时间：2025-12-02
首发时间：2026-09-09

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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