中草药

组分结构理论视角下植物来源纳米囊泡在脑部疾病中的应用

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孙露 ¹,,², , 王智超 ³, , 杨艳君 ²,,³, , 贾晓斌 ²,,³, , 封亮 ¹,,²,,³,

中草药 | 综述 2026,57(16): 6616-6631

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中草药 |综述 2026 , 57 (16) : 6616 -6631

组分结构理论视角下植物来源纳米囊泡在脑部疾病中的应用

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孙露¹,,²,, 王智超³,, 杨艳君²,,³,, 贾晓斌²,,³,, 封亮¹,,²,,³,

作者信息

^1.南京市江宁中医院, 江苏南京 211100

^2.中国药科大学附属江宁中医院&中药学院, 江苏南京 211198

^3.中国药科大学, 江苏省儿科中药与特色制剂重点实验室, 江苏南京 211198

^4.中国药科大学附属江宁中医院&中药学院, 江苏南京 211198

^5.中国药科大学, 江苏省儿科中药与特色制剂重点实验室, 江苏南京 211198

^6.南京市江宁中医院, 江苏南京 211100

通讯作者:

贾晓斌

作者简介:

孙露: 孙露,本科生,研究方向为中医儿科与特色方药。E-mail:398538171@qq.com

Application of plant-derived nanovesicles in brain diseases: A component-structure theory perspective

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出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.16.032

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摘要

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脑部疾病治疗长期受血脑屏障（blood-brain barrier，BBB）限制，导致药物入脑不足、非特异分布增加并易被免疫清除。尽管合成纳米载体在一定程度上改善了药物的药动学行为，但其长期稳定性和生物安全性仍有待进一步验证。植物来源纳米囊泡（plant-derived nanovesicles，PDNVs）作为一种新兴的治疗与递送平台，具有天然脂质双层结构、生物相容性好、免疫原性低及易于规模化制备等优势，并展现出跨越BBB的潜力。PDNVs不仅携带脂质、蛋白质、核酸及活性小分子，还兼具递送载体和内源性治疗活性双重功能。组分结构理论强调从要素结构、量比结构和物相结构3方面解析多组分体系的整体功能。基于该理论，将PDNVs视为由多类内源组分在膜性空间中有序整合的天然复合纳米体系，重点阐明其组分组成、膜结构与跨BBB递送及脑部疾病干预效应之间的关联，并归纳其工程化优化策略。为PDNVs的理性设计、质量控制与功能优化提供分析框架，并为其开发为具有跨BBB递送潜力的中枢神经系统新型递药平台提供理论依据与参考。

关键词

植物来源纳米囊泡 / 组分结构理论 / 脑部疾病 / 血脑屏障 / 工程化策略

Abstract

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The treatment of brain diseases is largely hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits drug delivery to the brain and contributes to nonspecific distribution and immune clearance. Although synthetic nanocarriers can improve drug pharmacokinetics, their long-term stability and biosafety remain uncertain. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have emerged as promising therapeutic and delivery platforms owing to their natural lipid bilayers, good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, scalability, and BBB-crossing potential. Carrying lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and bioactive small molecules, PDNVs integrate delivery capability with intrinsic therapeutic activity. Component-structure theory interprets the functions of multicomponent systems through elemental structure, quantitative-ratio structure, and phase structure. From this perspective, PDNVs can be regarded as natural composite nanovesicles formed by the ordered integration of endogenous components within membrane-confined spaces. This review discusses the relationships among PDNVs composition, membrane architecture, BBB-crossing delivery, and therapeutic effects in brain diseases, and summarizes engineering strategies for functional optimization. It provides an analytical framework for the rational design, quality control, and optimization of PDNVs as potential central nervous system drug delivery platforms.

Key words

plant-derived nanovesicles / component-structural theory / brain diseases / blood-brain barrier / engineering strategies

引用本文

孙露, 王智超, 杨艳君, 贾晓斌, 封亮. 组分结构理论视角下植物来源纳米囊泡在脑部疾病中的应用. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (16) : 6616 -6631 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.16.032

SUN Lu, WANG Zhichao, YANG Yanjun, JIA Xiaobin, FENG Liang. Application of plant-derived nanovesicles in brain diseases: A component-structure theory perspective[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (16) : 6616 -6631 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.16.032

基金

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中国药科大学附属江宁中医院重点专科建设领军人物培育项目
江苏省教育厅“青蓝工程”人才项目
江苏省自然科学基金项目

参考文献

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施雯, 黄宇坤, 高小玲. 核酸药物的脑部递送研究进展[J]. 药学学报, 2025, 60(8): 2486-2509.
汤如莹, 刘宇灵, 林龙飞, 等. 基于文献计量学的植物外泌体研究动态及热点可视化分析[J]. 中草药, 2026, 57(11): 4302-4318.
Luo X L, Zhang X T, Xu A B, et al. Mechanistic insights into the anti-glioma effects of exosome-like nanoparticles derived from Garcinia mangostana L.: A metabolomics, network pharmacology, and experimental study [J]. Int J Nanomed, 2025, 20:5407-5427.
Xu H Y, Hu D X, Liu S X, et al. Folic acid-modified ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles co-delivering sunitinib suppress renal cell carcinoma via PI3K-Akt pathway inhibition, P-gp downregulation, and macrophage reprogramming [J]. Adv Sci, 2026, 13(6):e12563.
郭楠楠, 李梦园, 孙露, 等. 构建组分构成的“要素结构-量比结构-物相结构”三位一体的理论体系[J]. 药学学报, 2026, 61(5): 1550-1559.
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2026年第57卷第16期

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.16.032

接收时间：2026-05-13
首发时间：2026-10-22
出版时间：2026-08-28

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收稿日期：2026-05-13

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中国药科大学附属江宁中医院重点专科建设领军人物培育项目

江苏省教育厅“青蓝工程”人才项目

江苏省自然科学基金项目

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^1.南京市江宁中医院, 江苏南京 211100

^2.中国药科大学附属江宁中医院&中药学院, 江苏南京 211198

^3.中国药科大学, 江苏省儿科中药与特色制剂重点实验室, 江苏南京 211198

^4.中国药科大学附属江宁中医院&中药学院, 江苏南京 211198

^5.中国药科大学, 江苏省儿科中药与特色制剂重点实验室, 江苏南京 211198

^6.南京市江宁中医院, 江苏南京 211100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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