Honey-roasted Huangqi (Astragali Radix) is a widely used processed product of Astragali Radix in clinical practice. After honey-roasting, the effect of tonifying qi and invigorating spleen is significantly enhanced. Its processing technology and quality evaluation system are very important to ensure clinical efficacy and promote modernization process of traditional Chinese medicine processing. Therefore, this paper systematically summarized the historical evolution of processing of honey-roasting Astragali Radix, as well as the differences between national and local processing standards, by consulting the ancient herbal monographs, processing standards at all levels and modern research results at home and abroad. The effects of pretreatment, honey selection and refining, honey content, honey-water ratio and other key process links on quality of finished products and the status of process optimization were described. The changes of polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids during honey roasting and the potential mechanism of processing synergistic efficiency were discussed. The development of multidimensional quality evaluation indices and analysis technologies is summarized. On this basis, the key problems such as inconsistent process standards, unclear processing mechanisms and imperfect quality evaluation system were analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward, aiming to provide a scientific evidence for process standardization and quality evaluation of honey-roasting Astragali Radix.
ZHANG Yifan, WAN Zihao, LIU Qingfei, WANG Changli, SUN Jing, ZHAO Chongbo.
Research progress on processing technology and quality evaluation of honey- roasted Astragali Radix[J].
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,
2026
, 57
(15)
: 6137
-6150
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.15.029
中国药典[S]. 一部. 2025: 323. 谢莹慧, 吴乾, 杨旭. 生黄芪与炙黄芪配伍的临床应用探讨[J]. 中国民间疗法, 2022, 30(12): 64-67. 吴娇, 仝芳超. 黄芪的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用[J]. 滨州医学院学报, 2024, 47(1): 68-75. Li X X, Qu L, Dong Y Z, et al. A review of recent research progress on the Astragalus Genus [J]. Molecules, 2014, 19(11): 18850-18880. 赵婷婷, 裴科, 于子涵, 等. 蜜炙对黄芪成分、药效及应用的影响研究进展[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2024, 44(1): 113-122. 吴红伟, 李东辉, 杨新荣, 等. 黄芪不同炮制方法前后化学成分变化研究新进展[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2021, 32(10): 2488-2490. 邵长鑫, 林欢欢, 靳晓杰, 等. 黄芪的炮制历史沿革及现代研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2023, 54(15): 5057-5074. 吴国泰, 郭玉霞, 陈艳娥, 等. 蜜炙黄芪的研究现状[J]. 甘肃科技, 2021, 37(15): 159-163. 李振国, 张红伟. 中药饮片炮制规范制修订的历史、现状与思考[J]. 中国药品标准, 2023, 24(3): 217-223. 陈钰婷, 孙树周, 温颖婉, 等. 浅议我国地方中药饮片炮制规范的执行策略[J]. 中国食品药品监管, 2021(1): 65-71. 丰成相. 黄芪中主要化学成分的药理学研究概况[J]. 中国民族民间医药, 2012, 21(3): 31-32. 张亚莉. 黄芪中主要化学成分的研究现状[J]. 临床合理用药杂志, 2011, 4(5): 151-152. Du Y, Wan H T, Huang P, et al. A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2022, 147: 112654. Li K, Cui L J, Cao Y X, et al. UHPLC Q-exactive MS-based serum metabolomics to explore the effect mechanisms of immunological activity of Astragalus polysaccharides with different molecular weights [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 595692. Zheng Y J, Ren W Y, Zhang L N, et al. A review of the pharmacological action of Astragalus polysaccharide [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 349. 肖亦菽, 王如锋, 赵淑娟. 中药黄芪皂苷类成分生物合成研究进展[J]. 上海中医药大学学报, 2021, 35(5): 80-88. 唐冕, 许晓芬. 药用黄芪皂苷类化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J]. 中医药导报, 2018, 24(20): 117-122. 郭璐. 黄芪中皂苷类成分及黄芪甲苷结构修饰的研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2014. Li Z Y, Yang W, Yang Y, et al. The astragaloside IV derivative LS-102 ameliorates obesity-related nephropathy [J]. Drug Des Dev Ther, 2022, 16: 647-664. Wu T, Wu S K, Gao H, et al. Astragaloside IV augments anti-PD-1 therapy to suppress tumor growth in lung cancer by remodeling the tumor microenvironment [J]. Eur J Histochem, 2024, 68(4): 4098. Zhang H H, Zhang J, Pan H L, et al. Astragaloside IV promotes the pyroptosis of airway smooth muscle cells in childhood asthma by suppressing HMGB1/RAGE axis to inactivate NF-κB pathway [J]. Autoimmunity, 2024, 57(1): 2387100. Huang X L, Zhou Y F, Li Y, et al. Astragaloside IV inhibits inflammation caused by influenza virus via reactive oxygen species/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway [J]. Immun Inflamm Dis, 2024, 12(6): e1309. 刘欢, 刘红波, 朱华旭, 等. 黄芪有效组分制备的研究进展[J]. 西北药学杂志, 2026, 41(3): 39-48. 魏德舒, 孙延平, 王知斌, 等. 黄芪中黄酮类成分提取分离的研究进展[J]. 化学工程师, 2024, 38(12): 58-62. 何嘉郡, 秦晨, 贺廉清, 等. 黄芪黄酮类成分及其药理作用研究[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2024, 26(1): 112-119. Dou W Z, Hu S J, Lan X, et al. Hydrogen peroxide-induced ethylene production promotes calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside accumulation in Astragalus membranaceus adventitious roots [J]. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult PCTOC, 2024, 159(3): 68. Yan X L, Quan S Q, Guo R J, et al. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside downregulates mitophagy by mitigating mitochondrial fission to protect HT22 cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury [J]. Mol Med Rep, 2025, 31(3): 71. Wu J C, Li C Y, Bai L S, et al. Structural differences of polysaccharides from Astragalus before and after honey processing and their effects on colitis mice [J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2021, 182: 815-824. Tian Y F, Wu J C, Zheng Y L, et al. Structural changes of polysaccharides from Astragulus after honey processing and their bioactivities on human gut microbiota [J]. J Sci Food Agric, 2023, 103(14): 7241-7250. 聂紫璇, 常源, 缪翼翔, 等. 黄芪蜜炙前后多糖的结构变化研究[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2024, 42(12): 129-132. 吴红根, 钟淑梅, 彭璐, 等. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS分析黄芪蜜炙前后活性成分差异[J]. 质谱学报, 2020, 41(6): 637-647. 徐畅. 黄芪炮制工艺及质量控制研究[D]. 吉林: 吉林化工学院, 2024. Shi Y, Ji J, Yang X, et al. Simultaneous quantification of two active compounds in raw and honey-processed Radix Astragali by high-performance thin-layer chromatography [J]. JPC, 2020, 33(3): 321-326. 赵婷婷, 裴科, 于子涵, 等. 黄芪和蜜炙黄芪中糖类组分和非糖类组分的差异性研究[J]. 中草药, 2023, 54(5): 1586-1596. Li Y, Huang S H, Sun J, et al. RRLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics reveal the mechanism of chemical variations and transformations of Astragali Radix as a result of the roasting process [J]. Front Chem, 2022, 10: 903168. 刘玉碟. 基于胃黏膜菌群研究黄芪和蜜炙黄芪干预慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠的物质基础[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2024. Liu Y T, Liu Y D, Hu J, et al. Integration of diagnostic ions, molecular network and chemometrics to illustrate the chemical mechanism of Radix Astragali processed with honey [J]. J Chromatogr A, 2023, 1709: 464381. Lin Z H, Lu L L, Guo W L, et al. Honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharides exhibit enhanced qi-tonifying effects via structural modifications and microbiome-metabolome regulation [J]. Food Biosci, 2025, 68: 106560. Jia M, Yuan M, Zhu X Q, et al. Evidence of honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharides improving intestinal immune function in spleen qi deficiency mice integrated with microbiomics and metabolomics analysis [J]. J Sci Food Agric, 2025, 105(4): 2158-2168. Zhang W Y, Song J J, Su X, et al. The effects of honey processing on nanoparticles in Astragali Radix Decoction: Self-assembly, bioavailability, and bioactivity [J]. Food Res Int, 2025, 218: 116877. 张伟, 张玖捌, 何天雨, 等. 中药饮片产地加工与炮制生产一体化研究现状与展望[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2022, 47(10): 2565-2571. 李晶. 蒙古黄芪采收、产地加工规范与质量标准的研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古医科大学, 2024. 王玲玲, 周跃华, 李计萍, 等. 关于中药新药用饮片炮制研究的思考[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(1): 9-13. 张婕, 董安东, 谢允东, 等. 产地加工炮制一体化对黄芪质量的影响研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2024, 35(15): 3397-3404. 中药炮制辅料[S]. 第1部分: 通则. 2025. 中药炮制辅料[S]. 第6部分: 炼蜜. 2026. 张玮烨, 曾敬其, 宋金菁, 等. 炮制辅料“酒醋盐蜜”关联的特征组分解析及其应用: 以蜜炙黄芪为例[J]. 药学学报, 2024, 59(6): 1819-1827. 宋成, 孙明宇, 李璐, 等. 中药蜜炙法的古今演变及现代研究进展[J]. 中国中医药图书情报杂志, 2021, 45(1): 74-77. 黄云娟. 蜜炙黄芪炮制过程中的质量控制[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2008, 26(6): 1336-1337. 侯敏娜, 侯少平, 梁润丰, 等. 基于响应面法结合总评归一法多指标优选蜜黄芪微波炮制工艺[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2023, 35(3): 467-476. 任天航, 聂紫璇, 廉婧, 等. 层次分析法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化炙黄芪炒制工艺[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2023, 41(7): 208-213. 陈俊涛, 张学武, 黄浩, 等. 蜜炙黄芪炮制工艺改进前后与补中益气作用研究[J]. 中国医药科学, 2019, 9(17): 69-72. 孙磊. 中药蜜炙工艺中闷润环节的探讨及思考[J]. 中国乡村医药, 2025, 32(3): 34-37. 刘蓬蓬, 张凡, 史辑, 等. UPLC-MS/MS法测定不同温度定向炮制黄芪中8种苷类和4种苷元成分的含量[J]. 中国药房, 2020, 31(3): 287-293. 陈衍斌, 刘峰, 马存德, 等. 黄芪蜜炙生产工艺研究及设备参数优选[J]. 西北药学杂志, 2010, 25(5): 344-346. 刘萍, 张雅芳, 胡汉昆, 等. 蜜炙黄芪饮片炮制工艺探讨[J]. 中成药, 1995, 17(9): 19-20. 杨中林, 李叙申, 史解矛. 用正交实验法筛选蜜炙黄芪的最佳条件[J]. 中药材, 1995(9): 456-458. 杨志雄, 唐永红, 陈锡琨, 等. 正交实验法优选蜜炙黄芪的最佳炮制条件[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2008, 19(3): 722-723. 宋崎, 宋英, 周小初, 等. 正交设计优选黄芪与炙黄芪的炮制工艺[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2009, 20(2): 474-476. 王莹. 菊花、当归和黄芪三种中药加工炮制机制及标准化研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2019. 陈靖, 刘建鑫, 何其睿, 等. 黄芪炮制工艺优化及不同炮制品成分比较[J]. 中国药房, 2012, 23(39): 3679-3681. 周倩, 孙立立. 多指标综合评分法优选黄芪最佳蜜炙工艺[J]. 中成药, 2013, 35(7): 1512-1515. 杨志城, 孙彩虹, 鄂秀辉, 等. 基于响应面及加权评分的黄芪蜜炙工艺优化[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(8): 2247-2256. 吴红伟, 李东辉, 边甜甜, 等. 基于响应面法结合熵权法多指标优选黄芪药材产地加工炮制一体化工艺[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(19): 5854-5861. 秦雪梅, 孔增科, 张丽增, 等. 中药材“辨状论质”解读及商品规格标准研究思路[J]. 中草药, 2012, 43(11): 2093-2098. 彭华胜, 张贺廷, 彭代银, 等. 黄芪道地药材辨状论质观的演变及其特点[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2017, 42(9): 1646-1651. 肖玉洁, 赵祥升, 魏建和. 中药“辨状论质”理论的发展与应用[J]. 药学前沿, 2024, 28(9): 155-169. 徐媛媛, 拱健婷, 关佳莉, 等. 基于电子鼻对黄芪蜜炙前后气味差异性的快速鉴别[J]. 中医药导报, 2024, 30(12): 53-57. 吴怡, 余荷蓉, 聂心如, 等. 基于智能感官技术与多元统计分析的黄芪蜜炙程度快速辨识研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2024, 49(20): 5451-5459. 李丽琴, 唐烨, 董欢欢, 等. 中药发酵质量评价研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2025, 56(9): 3330-3339. 郑岳. 基于气味在线反馈的黄芪微波真空干燥过程品质优化[D]. 无锡: 江南大学, 2024. 黄沈辉, 李洋, 孙捷, 等. 基于HPLC-PDA-ELSD的炙黄芪特征成分一测多评适用性研究[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(15): 5230-5237. 张淑娟, 张育贵, 李东辉, 等. 基于指纹图谱和多指标定量的蜜炙黄芪饮片质量控制研究[J]. 中草药, 2021, 52(10): 3081-3088. 李亚栋, 赵颖, 尚奥丽, 等. 炙黄芪多糖的酶解产物指纹图谱构建与化学模式识别分析[J]. 中南药学, 2024, 22(11): 2994-2999. 童丹, 王芳. HPLC-UV法测定黄芪中黄酮类化合物含量[J]. 中兽医医药杂志, 2022, 41(3): 84-87. 石岩, 贾天颖, 李向日, 等. 黄芪中多种黄酮类成分的测定研究[J]. 药物分析杂志, 2022, 42(7): 1120-1127. Guo Y L, Wang L J, Liu K S, et al. A rapid and accurate UHPLC method for determination of monosaccharides in polysaccharides of different sources of Radix Astragali and its immune activity analysis [J]. Molecules, 2024, 29(10): 2287. 王祯, 张俊令, 焦宏基, 等. 黄芪有效成分的药理作用与质量控制研究进展[J]. 药物评价研究, 2023, 46(4): 917-924. 王文宇, 方丽波, 付恩桃, 等. HPLC-ELSD法同时测定黄芪中两种皂苷成分及大孔树脂纯化工艺研究[J]. 广州化工, 2022, 50(19): 133-135. 姚静, 孙欣光, 董蓉, 等. HPLC-CAD一测多评法同时测定黄芪中6种成分含量[J]. 药学学报, 2021, 56(2): 557-564. 黎晶晶, 范三微, 于瑞莲. 高效液相串联电喷雾检测器一测多评法测定黄芪中6个成分的含量[J]. 中药材, 2024, 47(7): 1754-1759. Wang C J, He F, Huang Y F, et al. Discovery of chemical markers for identifying species, growth mode and production area of Astragali Radix by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to trip-le quadrupole mass spectrometry [J]. Phytomedicine, 2020, 67: 153155. 芮雯, 冯毅凡, 石忠峰, 等. 黄芪及其蜜炙品的UPLC/ Q-TOF-MS分析[J]. 广东药学院学报, 2012, 28(1): 47-50. 任绪华, 苏婷, 姜文月, 等. 声光可调-近红外漫反射光谱法快速评价黄芪药材质量[J]. 中国药房, 2018, 29(2): 168-171. 于思思, 温苗, 赵剑, 等. 生物活性测定法在中药质量控制应用中的研究进展[J]. 药学前沿, 2024, 28(9): 170-180. 孟宪生, 罗曦, 贾梦楠, 等. 中药质量评价研究现状及“质-量”双标评价方法探讨[J]. 中草药, 2023, 54(22): 7281-7286. Liao J Z, Li C Y, Huang J, et al. Structure characterization of honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharides and its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro [J]. Molecules, 2018, 23(1): 168. 蔡金坊, 代云桃, 肖永庆, 等. 系统评价蜜炙对黄芪药效物质基础的改变[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2016, 22(8): 47-52. 王丹妮. 基于网络药理学和液质联用技术研究生黄芪和炙黄芪抗衰老作用及其机制[D]. 西安: 陕西科技大学, 2020. 叶明珠, 吴嘉彩, 游思远, 等. 蜜炙对黄芪分级醇沉多糖及其抗氧化活性的影响[J]. 军事医学, 2019, 43(8): 602-607. Sha X R, Xu X, Liao S Y, et al. Evidence of immunogenic cancer cell death induced by honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharides in vitro and in vivo [J]. Exp Cell Res, 2022, 410(1): 112948. Yang J J, Zhang L H, Zhang M Y, et al. Exploration of the dynamic variations of the characteristic constituents and the degradation products of catalpol during the process of Radix Rehmanniae [J]. Molecules, 2024, 29(3): 705. Liu Y, Yang X X, Zhou C, et al. Unveiling dynamic changes of chemical constituents in raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming time points using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging combined with metabolomics [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13: 842890. Song Y N, Jia Z, Zhang Q, et al. Identification of quality markers in wine-processed Radix Scutellariae using electronic sensing, chemical analysis, and artificial neural networks [J]. Ind Crops Prod, 2025, 236: 121998. Zhang Z W, Chen Y T, Zhao M F, et al. Comprehensive prediction of active components of raw and wine-processed Polygonati Rhizome based on chemical characterization, chemometrics, pharmacodynamics, and network pharmacology [J]. Microchem J, 2025, 213: 113644. 王莹. 基于五味子炮制色-味-质-效信息覆盖制图建立中药炮制规范中量化方法的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江中医药大学, 2021.
PDF下载
全屏
38
10
关闭全屏
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
010-62199257（仅加盟咨询）
qkjq@cast.org.cn
