中草药

从生态互作到加工炮制多维度解析黄芪质量的道地性成因与调控

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中草药 | 综述 2026,57(9): 3670-3684

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中草药 |综述 2026 , 57 (9) : 3670 -3684

从生态互作到加工炮制多维度解析黄芪质量的道地性成因与调控

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何雯杰¹, 方飞¹, 毛焕云², 林谅³, 张先平⁴, 梁宗锁¹

作者信息

通讯作者:

梁宗锁

作者简介:

何雯杰: 何雯杰,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物次生代谢调控。E-mail:1070326152@qq.com

Ecological interactions and processing methods: A multidimensional analysis of authenticity and regulation of Astragalus membranaceus quality

HE Wenjie, FANG Fei, MAO Huanyun, LIN Liang, ZHANG Xianping, LIANG Zongsuo

Affiliations

doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.09.034

文章导航

摘要

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黄芪Astragali Radix作为传统补气药，其质量受产区生态、栽培技术和加工工艺影响显著。不同产区黄芪在外观、化学成分及生物活性上差异明显：山西浑源以毛蕊异黄酮葡糖苷丰富为特征，甘肃陇西黄芪甲苷含量高，内蒙古则富含异黄酮类化合物。差异源于生态因子与遗传背景的深度耦合，伴生植物及次生代谢调控网络为关键机制。栽培模式影响显著，仿野生栽培可接近野生品质；合理密度、水肥管理及菌根接种可提升有效成分含量。采收和加工环节同样重要，秋季采收、60℃热风干燥及蜜炙炮制可最大化保留活性成分并增强免疫活性。此外，有学者分析黄芪加工中成分变化，确立黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮作为质量标志物，并建立从原料到产品的质量控制方法。《中国药典》2025年版标准侧重单一成分，难以全面反映“成分簇”协同效应，产区扩张加剧质量波动，连作障碍引发土壤微生态失衡。未来应结合多组学与智能化分析，建立基于功效物质的动态质量评价体系，并通过“土壤-气候-品种”匹配模型优化非道地产区种植，推动黄芪产业高质量发展。

关键词

黄芪药材 / 道地性 / 不同产区 / 生态种植 / 加工炮制

Abstract

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Astragalus membranaceus, a traditional qi-tonifying herb, exhibits quality that is strongly influenced by ecological factors of the production region, cultivation practices, and processing techniques. Significant differences in morphology, chemical composition, and bioactivity are observed among different production areas: A. membranaceus from Hunyuan, Shanxi is characterized by high levels of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, that from Longxi, Gansu is enriched in astragaloside, while samples from Inner Mongolia contain higher concentrations of isoflavonoids. These variations arise from the intricate coupling between ecological factors (such as soil elemental composition, climate, and microbial communities) and genetic background, with associated plants and secondary metabolite regulatory networks serving as key mechanisms. Cultivation patterns exert considerable influence, as wild-simulated cultivation can approximate wild-type quality; appropriate planting density, water and nutrient management, and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation effectively enhance the accumulation of bioactive constituents. Harvesting and processing are equally critical: autumn harvest, hot air drying at 60 ℃, and honey-frying processing maximize retention of active compounds and improve immunomodulatory activity. Additionally, previous studies have examined chemical changes during processing and identified astragaloside and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside as marker compounds, establishing quality control strategies from raw materials to final products. The 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which focus on single constituents, are insufficient to fully reflect the synergistic effects of constituent clusters. Expansion of cultivation areas exacerbates quality variability, and continuous cropping can disrupt soil microbial ecology. Future approaches should integrate multi-omics analyses and intelligent monitoring to develop a dynamic quality evaluation system based on bioactive constituents, and employ “soil–climate–genotype” matching models to optimize cultivation in non-authentic production regions, thereby promoting high-quality development of the A. membranaceus industry.

Key words

Astragali Radix / authenticity / different production regions / ecological cultivation / processing methods

引用本文

何雯杰, 方飞, 毛焕云, 林谅, 张先平, 梁宗锁. 从生态互作到加工炮制多维度解析黄芪质量的道地性成因与调控. 中草药, 2026 , 57 (9) : 3670 -3684 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.09.034

HE Wenjie, FANG Fei, MAO Huanyun, LIN Liang, ZHANG Xianping, LIANG Zongsuo. Ecological interactions and processing methods: A multidimensional analysis of authenticity and regulation of Astragalus membranaceus quality[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2026 , 57 (9) : 3670 -3684 . DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.09.034

基金

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国家自然科学基金项目(82274412);国家自然科学基金项目(82305092);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30453);国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(ZYYZDXK-2023147)

参考文献

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文献

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2026年第57卷第9期

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doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.09.034

接收时间：2026-02-02
首发时间：2026-09-09

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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