Article(id=1304414967650874159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414955046985824, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764691200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788926363146, onlineDateStr=2026-09-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788926363146, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788926363146, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788926363146, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304414955046985824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, year='2026', volume='57', issue='7', pageStart='2445', pageEnd='2876', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775923200000', pubDateStr='2026-04-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788926360140, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788926711174, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1304416427457409395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414955046985824, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1304416427457409396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414955046985824, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2740, endPage=2750, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304414967994807089, articleId=1304414967650874159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=EN, title=Differences in chemical components and precise discrimination between Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus based on maximum information entropy combined with total statistical moment-entropy weighted TOPSIS method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=Objective To achieve precise discrimination between Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus , AFI) and Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus , AF), as well as to analyze samples from different geographical origins, using the maximum information entropy principle combined with total statistical moment analysis and entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, thereby providing a scientific basis for their rational clinical application. Methods The UPLC fingerprint conditions for 15 batches of AFI and 15 batches of AF were optimized based on the maximum information entropy principle. Total statistical moment analysis was employed to compare the two, combined with multi-component quantification and entropy-weighted TOPSIS for systematic evaluation, the key chemical components that distinguish the two were obtained, and comprehensive scores were calculated to classify AFI, AF, and samples from different origins. Results Under the maximum information entropy principle, the optimal UPLC fingerprint conditions for AFI and AF were determined at a detection wavelength of 245 nm. Total statistical moment parameters revealed significant differences in overall chemical composition between AFI and AF (P < 0.05), with the total chemical content of AFI being 2.26 times higher than that of AF. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS analysis ranked the contribution weights (Wj ) of nine quantified components in descending order: neohesperidin > naringenin > hesperidin > eriocitrin > tangeretin > synephrine > narirutin > naringin > nobiletin. AFI samples generally scored higher than AF, with those from Ji’an (Jiangxi) ranking highest among AFI and those from Changde (Hunan) ranking highest among AF. Conclusion The established method effectively distinguishes AFI from AF with high specificity and demonstrates robust discriminative capability for samples of different geographical origins. Comprehensive scores showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), providing an objective basis for the precise application of these medicinal materials., authors=LE Yi, ZHOU Shihuan, YU Zhiqin, YUAN Xiao, WU Shijie, YANG Jing, HE Fuyuan, ZHOU Jin, authorsList=LE Yi, ZHOU Shihuan, YU Zhiqin, YUAN Xiao, WU Shijie, YANG Jing, HE Fuyuan, ZHOU Jin, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304414967927698224, articleId=1304414967650874159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=CN, title=基于信息熵最大化联合总量统计矩-熵权TOPSIS法的枳实与枳壳化学成分含量差异及精准鉴别研究, columnId=1304140203967410414, journalTitle=中草药, columnName=药材与资源, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 基于信息熵最大化联合总量统计矩法与熵权TOPSIS法实现枳实Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 与枳壳Aurantii Fructus 的精准区分,并对不同产地枳实、枳壳进行辨别分析,以期为二者临床合理运用提供科学依据。方法 基于信息熵最大化原则优化15批枳实与15批枳壳的UPLC指纹图谱条件,利用总量统计矩分析法对二者进行比较、结合多指标含量测定和熵权TOPSIS法进行系统分析,得出区分二者的关键化学成分,通过计算综合得分对枳实、枳壳及其不同产地样本进行区分评价。结果 信息熵最大原则下枳实枳壳UPLC指纹图谱最优条件为检测波长为245 nm;总量统计矩参数表征枳实与枳壳的整体化学成分含量存在显著差异(P <0.05);枳实化学成分总量为枳壳的2.26倍;熵权TOPSIS法分析结果表明9个测定成分峰的权重系数值(Wj )的排序为新橙皮苷>柚皮素>橙皮苷>圣草次苷>橘皮素>辛弗林>芸香柚皮苷>柚皮苷>川陈皮素;枳实整体排名高于枳壳,其中江西吉安枳实排名最高,湖南常德枳壳排名最高。结论 所建立的方法能特异性区分枳实与枳壳,同时对不同产地的枳实、枳壳展现出良好的判别能力,综合得分具有统计学差异(P <0.05),可为二者的精准应用提供客观依据。, authors=乐意1,2 , 周世欢1,2 , 于芷芩1,2 , 袁筱1,2 , 吴事捷1,2 , 杨靖1,2 , 贺福元1,2,3 , 周晋1,2,3 , authorsList=乐意, 周世欢, 于芷芩, 袁筱, 吴事捷, 杨靖, 贺福元, 周晋, authorCompany=1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 湖南 长沙 410208; 2 中药成药性与制剂制备湖南省重点实验室, 湖南 长沙 410208; 3 湖南中医药大学 中医药超分子机理与数理特征化实验室, 湖南 长沙 410208, correspAuthors=周晋, authorNote=乐意: 乐意,硕士研究生,主要从事中药质量分析与评价研究。E-mail:1426938411@qq.com, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+2awtSRI7T+hxU/lKxhvYQ==, pdfFileSize=2049872, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=国家自然科学基金项目 (81903759); 湖南省自然科学基金项目 (2025JJ80125); 湖南省中医药科研课题 (A2023037); 全国中医药研究生教育研究课题 (YJS-YB-2023-47); 湖南中医药大学研究生创新课题 (2025CX076,2025CX089))}, authors=null, keywords=[Keyword(id=1304414968137413426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414967650874159, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=枳实), Keyword(id=1304414968229688115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414967650874159, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=枳壳), Keyword(id=1304414968309379892, 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provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=0, orderTime=1788926363146, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=中国药典[S].一部. 2025:257. 孙星衍,孙冯冀.神农本草经[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1984:80. 雷斅.雷公炮炙论[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1985:35. 苏·本草图经[M].尚志钧,辑校.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社, 1994:365. 张文慧,雷燕莉,谢志伟,等.中药配方颗粒国家标准中同源异效现象的分析与讨论[J].中草药, 2023,54(7):2319-2326. 贺福元,邓凯文,刘文龙,等.中药复方药物动力学总量统计矩法的实验验证研究[J].中国中药杂志, 2013,38(2):23-26. 贺福元,邓凯文,黄胜,等.中药群体指纹图谱信息量和一次投料量数学模型的建立及对大黄和鱼腥草实验研究[J].中成药, 2011, 33(8):1292-1298. 朱志飞,樊启猛,刘有志,等.基于信息熵最大化原则优化经典名方身痛逐瘀汤UPLC指纹图谱[J].中草药, 2020, 51(12):3173-3179. 刘文龙,赵靖,李原华,等.中药宏观质量的评价与控制理论体系的建立与应用研究[J].中草药, 2021,52(3):613-620. 贺福元,周宏灏,邓凯文,等.指纹图谱的一种定性定量研究新方法:总量统计矩分析法[J].药学学报,2008, 43(2):195-201. 贺福元,邓凯文,黄胜,等.总量统计矩标准相似度数学模型的建立及应用研究[J].药学学报, 2013, 48(9):1453-1458. 田芳,张英,吴孟华,等. HPLC特征图谱结合多模式识别及熵权TOPSIS法的不同基原蒲黄药材质量评价[J].中草药, 2025, 56(4):1377-1384. 张静雅,曹煌,许浚,等.中药苦味药性表达及在临证配伍中的应用[J].中草药, 2016, 47(2):187-193. 孙玉平,张铁军,曹煌,等.中药辛味药性表达及在临证配伍中的应用[J].中草药, 2015, 46(6):758-765. 袁筱,吴月峰,李世雄,等.基于总量统计矩分析法与分子连接性指数探讨枳实、枳壳“同源异效”的物质基础[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2024,30(3):161-168. Zhang J S, Fan W Y, Wu H, et al. Naringenin attenuated airway Cilia structural and functional injury induced by cigarette smoke extract via IL-17 and cAMP pathways[J].Phytomedicine, 2024, 126:155053. 曲中原,李苏楠,孙志伟,等.枳实化学成分与治疗功能性消化不良关联性分析及实验验证[J].中草药,2022, 53(20):6521-6528. 罗曦,包永睿,李天娇,等.基于“质-量”双标的枳壳质量分析方法研究[J].中草药, 2023, 54(22):2532-2546. Jia Q L, Li L, Wang X X, et al. Hesperidin promotes gastric motility in rats with functional dyspepsia by regulating Drp1-mediated ICC mitophagy[J]. Front Pharmacol,2022, 13:945624. 李昕琪.茶枝柑果实生长发育过程中主要次生代谢物变化规律分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学, 2023. 杨兴晶,刘妍如,唐志书,等.基于“初生-次生代谢产物”互作途径的大果沙棘和中华沙棘差异性研究[J].中草药, 2024, 55(7):2383-2396.)
中草药
|药材与资源
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, 57
(7) :
2740
-2750
基于信息熵最大化联合总量统计矩-熵权TOPSIS法的枳实与枳壳化学成分含量差异及精准鉴别研究
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乐意1,2 , 周世欢1,2 , 于芷芩1,2 , 袁筱1,2 , 吴事捷1,2 , 杨靖1,2 , 贺福元1,2,3 , 周晋1,2,3
作者信息
1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 湖南 长沙 410208; 2 中药成药性与制剂制备湖南省重点实验室, 湖南 长沙 410208; 3 湖南中医药大学 中医药超分子机理与数理特征化实验室, 湖南 长沙 410208
通讯作者:
周晋
作者简介:
乐意: 乐意,硕士研究生,主要从事中药质量分析与评价研究。E-mail:1426938411@qq.com
Differences in chemical components and precise discrimination between Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus based on maximum information entropy combined with total statistical moment-entropy weighted TOPSIS method
LE Yi, ZHOU Shihuan, YU Zhiqin, YUAN Xiao, WU Shijie, YANG Jing, HE Fuyuan, ZHOU Jin
Affiliations
doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025
文章导航
目的 基于信息熵最大化联合总量统计矩法与熵权TOPSIS法实现枳实Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 与枳壳Aurantii Fructus 的精准区分,并对不同产地枳实、枳壳进行辨别分析,以期为二者临床合理运用提供科学依据。方法 基于信息熵最大化原则优化15批枳实与15批枳壳的UPLC指纹图谱条件,利用总量统计矩分析法对二者进行比较、结合多指标含量测定和熵权TOPSIS法进行系统分析,得出区分二者的关键化学成分,通过计算综合得分对枳实、枳壳及其不同产地样本进行区分评价。结果 信息熵最大原则下枳实枳壳UPLC指纹图谱最优条件为检测波长为245 nm;总量统计矩参数表征枳实与枳壳的整体化学成分含量存在显著差异(P <0.05);枳实化学成分总量为枳壳的2.26倍;熵权TOPSIS法分析结果表明9个测定成分峰的权重系数值(Wj )的排序为新橙皮苷>柚皮素>橙皮苷>圣草次苷>橘皮素>辛弗林>芸香柚皮苷>柚皮苷>川陈皮素;枳实整体排名高于枳壳,其中江西吉安枳实排名最高,湖南常德枳壳排名最高。结论 所建立的方法能特异性区分枳实与枳壳,同时对不同产地的枳实、枳壳展现出良好的判别能力,综合得分具有统计学差异(P <0.05),可为二者的精准应用提供客观依据。
枳实
/
枳壳
/
UPLC指纹图谱
/
信息熵最大化原则
/
总量统计矩
/
熵权TOPSIS法
/
新橙皮苷
/
柚皮素
/
橙皮苷
/
圣草次苷
/
橘皮素
/
辛弗林
/
芸香柚皮苷
/
柚皮苷
/
川陈皮素
Objective To achieve precise discrimination between Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus , AFI) and Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus , AF), as well as to analyze samples from different geographical origins, using the maximum information entropy principle combined with total statistical moment analysis and entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, thereby providing a scientific basis for their rational clinical application. Methods The UPLC fingerprint conditions for 15 batches of AFI and 15 batches of AF were optimized based on the maximum information entropy principle. Total statistical moment analysis was employed to compare the two, combined with multi-component quantification and entropy-weighted TOPSIS for systematic evaluation, the key chemical components that distinguish the two were obtained, and comprehensive scores were calculated to classify AFI, AF, and samples from different origins. Results Under the maximum information entropy principle, the optimal UPLC fingerprint conditions for AFI and AF were determined at a detection wavelength of 245 nm. Total statistical moment parameters revealed significant differences in overall chemical composition between AFI and AF (P < 0.05), with the total chemical content of AFI being 2.26 times higher than that of AF. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS analysis ranked the contribution weights (Wj ) of nine quantified components in descending order: neohesperidin > naringenin > hesperidin > eriocitrin > tangeretin > synephrine > narirutin > naringin > nobiletin. AFI samples generally scored higher than AF, with those from Ji’an (Jiangxi) ranking highest among AFI and those from Changde (Hunan) ranking highest among AF. Conclusion The established method effectively distinguishes AFI from AF with high specificity and demonstrates robust discriminative capability for samples of different geographical origins. Comprehensive scores showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), providing an objective basis for the precise application of these medicinal materials.
Aurantii Fructus Immaturus
/
Aurantii Fructus
/
UPLC fingerprint
/
maximum information entropy
/
total statistical moment
/
entropy-weighted TOPSIS
/
neohesperidin
/
naringenin
/
hesperidin
/
eriocitrin
/
tangeretin
/
synephrine
/
narirutin
/
naringin
/
nobiletin
乐意, 周世欢, 于芷芩, 袁筱, 吴事捷, 杨靖, 贺福元, 周晋.
基于信息熵最大化联合总量统计矩-熵权TOPSIS法的枳实与枳壳化学成分含量差异及精准鉴别研究.
中草药,
2026
, 57
(7)
: 2740
-2750
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025
LE Yi, ZHOU Shihuan, YU Zhiqin, YUAN Xiao, WU Shijie, YANG Jing, HE Fuyuan, ZHOU Jin.
Differences in chemical components and precise discrimination between Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus based on maximum information entropy combined with total statistical moment-entropy weighted TOPSIS method[J].
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs ,
2026
, 57
(7)
: 2740
-2750
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.07.025
国家自然科学基金项目 (81903759); 湖南省自然科学基金项目 (2025JJ80125); 湖南省中医药科研课题 (A2023037); 全国中医药研究生教育研究课题 (YJS-YB-2023-47); 湖南中医药大学研究生创新课题 (2025CX076,2025CX089)
参考文献
引证文献
中国药典[S].一部. 2025:257. 孙星衍,孙冯冀.神农本草经[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1984:80. 雷斅.雷公炮炙论[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1985:35. 苏·本草图经[M].尚志钧,辑校.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社, 1994:365. 张文慧,雷燕莉,谢志伟,等.中药配方颗粒国家标准中同源异效现象的分析与讨论[J].中草药, 2023,54(7):2319-2326. 贺福元,邓凯文,刘文龙,等.中药复方药物动力学总量统计矩法的实验验证研究[J].中国中药杂志, 2013,38(2):23-26. 贺福元,邓凯文,黄胜,等.中药群体指纹图谱信息量和一次投料量数学模型的建立及对大黄和鱼腥草实验研究[J].中成药, 2011, 33(8):1292-1298. 朱志飞,樊启猛,刘有志,等.基于信息熵最大化原则优化经典名方身痛逐瘀汤UPLC指纹图谱[J].中草药, 2020, 51(12):3173-3179. 刘文龙,赵靖,李原华,等.中药宏观质量的评价与控制理论体系的建立与应用研究[J].中草药, 2021,52(3):613-620. 贺福元,周宏灏,邓凯文,等.指纹图谱的一种定性定量研究新方法:总量统计矩分析法[J].药学学报,2008, 43(2):195-201. 贺福元,邓凯文,黄胜,等.总量统计矩标准相似度数学模型的建立及应用研究[J].药学学报, 2013, 48(9):1453-1458. 田芳,张英,吴孟华,等. HPLC特征图谱结合多模式识别及熵权TOPSIS法的不同基原蒲黄药材质量评价[J].中草药, 2025, 56(4):1377-1384. 张静雅,曹煌,许浚,等.中药苦味药性表达及在临证配伍中的应用[J].中草药, 2016, 47(2):187-193. 孙玉平,张铁军,曹煌,等.中药辛味药性表达及在临证配伍中的应用[J].中草药, 2015, 46(6):758-765. 袁筱,吴月峰,李世雄,等.基于总量统计矩分析法与分子连接性指数探讨枳实、枳壳“同源异效”的物质基础[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2024,30(3):161-168. Zhang J S, Fan W Y, Wu H, et al. Naringenin attenuated airway Cilia structural and functional injury induced by cigarette smoke extract via IL-17 and cAMP pathways[J].Phytomedicine, 2024, 126:155053. 曲中原,李苏楠,孙志伟,等.枳实化学成分与治疗功能性消化不良关联性分析及实验验证[J].中草药,2022, 53(20):6521-6528. 罗曦,包永睿,李天娇,等.基于“质-量”双标的枳壳质量分析方法研究[J].中草药, 2023, 54(22):2532-2546. Jia Q L, Li L, Wang X X, et al. Hesperidin promotes gastric motility in rats with functional dyspepsia by regulating Drp1-mediated ICC mitophagy[J]. Front Pharmacol,2022, 13:945624. 李昕琪.茶枝柑果实生长发育过程中主要次生代谢物变化规律分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学, 2023. 杨兴晶,刘妍如,唐志书,等.基于“初生-次生代谢产物”互作途径的大果沙棘和中华沙棘差异性研究[J].中草药, 2024, 55(7):2383-2396.
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family 属数 Number of genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 属 Genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78 小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39 红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87 小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26 光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39 红菇属 Russula 17 8.13 栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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