Article(id=1304414807629783754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414798482010221, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761840000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1788926324994, onlineDateStr=2026-09-09, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788926324994, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788926324994, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788926324994, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1304414798482010221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, year='2026', volume='57', issue='5', pageStart='1597', pageEnd='2008', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773244800000', pubDateStr='2026-03-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788926322813, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788926625459, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1304416067925864795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414798482010221, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1304416067925864796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, issueId=1304414798482010221, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1631, endPage=1646, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1304414807923385036, articleId=1304414807629783754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=EN, title=Study on multidimensional quality assessment and dynamic evolution of chemical constituents during the nine-step steam-processing of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata , columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=Objective To establish an objective endpoint criterion for the nine cycles of steaming and sun-drying in the processing of Shudihuɑng (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata , RRP), to quantitatively characterize the dynamic changes in “morphology, color, and taste”, and to elucidate the correlation between chemical component transformations and the Maillard reaction. Methods Samples subjected to one through nine cycles of conventional steaming and wine-assisted steaming were prepared. An integrated analytical approach combining electronic tongue, electronic nose, electronic eye, mass spectrometry imaging, and infrared spectroscopy was employed to obtain quantitative parameters related to taste, odor, and chromaticity. These data were used to analyze the spatial distribution and dynamic variation of chemical constituents, as well as the migration patterns of characteristic functional groups. Results The electronic sensory data exhibited strong concordance with the results of manual sensory evaluation and demonstrated high discriminative capability among RRP samples subjected to varying cycles of re-hydration and re-drying. A pronounced shift in taste profile was observed at the third cycle of re-hydration and re-drying, identified as the critical inflection point for sensory deterioration. Concurrently, the color value decreased progressively with increasing reprocessing cycles—a trend consistent with the traditional quality benchmark “black as lacquer, sweet as honey”, wherein darker coloration correlates with superior quality. Volatile propane-type compounds were identified as key odor discriminants across treatment groups. Mass spectrometry imaging revealed that with increasing processing intensity, the levels of iridoid compounds, amino acids, and non-reducing sugars progressively declined, whereas those of reducing sugars and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural increased steadily. In contrast, phenethyl alcohol exhibited a triphasic trend—initially increasing, subsequently decreasing, and finally rising again. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further demonstrated characteristic shifts in absorption peaks corresponding to sugar-derived hydroxyl groups and conjugated carbonyl moieties, consistent with hallmark spectral features of the Maillard reaction. Notably, organic acids present in the wine-steaming medium exerted a catalytic effect, advancing the onset of quality inflection points by one steaming cycle relative to the clear-steaming control group; However, no statistically significant difference in final product quality was observed between the two processing modalities. Conclusion The proposed multi-dimensional evaluation system objectively captures the evolutionary patterns of “morphology, color, and taste” throughout the nine-cycle steaming and sun-drying process of processed RRP. These findings provide a quantitative foundation for determining the optimal processing endpoint and offer a technical framework for quality control in the production of steamed and sun-dried traditional Chinese medicines., authors=WU Yuhui, MENG Xianglong, ZHANG Youtian, HAN Xiang, LI Yuting, BU Zhulin, ZHANG Shuosheng, authorsList=WU Yuhui, MENG Xianglong, ZHANG Youtian, HAN Xiang, LI Yuting, BU Zhulin, ZHANG Shuosheng, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1304414807852081867, articleId=1304414807629783754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, language=CN, title=熟地黄九蒸九晒过程多维度品质评价与成分动态变化研究, columnId=1304140189132149234, journalTitle=中草药, columnName=药剂与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 建立熟地黄Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata 九蒸九晒过程的客观终点判据,量化“形-色-味”变化,并阐明成分转化与美拉德反应的相关性。方法 采用清蒸与酒蒸2种工艺制备熟地黄1~9次蒸晒样品,联合电子舌、电子鼻、电子眼、质谱成像和红外光谱法,获取滋味、气味及色度参数,解析成分的空间分布及动态变化以及特征官能团的迁移规律。结果 电子感官数据与人工感官评价结果一致,可准确区分不同蒸晒次数的地黄样品。滋味转变以“三蒸三晒”为关键拐点,色度值随蒸晒次数增加逐渐降低,符合“光黑如漆,甜如饴”的传统质量标准。气味差异标志物为丙烷类化合物。质谱成像结果显示,随炮制程度加深,环烯醚萜类、氨基酸类及非还原糖含量呈递减趋势,还原糖与5-羟甲基糠醛含量递增,苯乙醇类呈先升后降再升趋势。红外光谱显示糖苷羟基及共轭羰基特征峰变化符合美拉德反应特征。酒蒸因有机酸催化作用,各品质拐点较清蒸组提前1个蒸次完成,但终点质量无显著差异。结论 多维度评价体系客观呈现了熟地黄九蒸九晒过程的“形-色-味”演变规律;研究结果为熟地黄炮制终点判定提供了量化依据,并为蒸晒类中药的质量控制提供了技术范式。, authors=吴宇慧1,2,3,4 , 孟祥龙1,2,3,4 , 张又天1,2,3,4 , 韩香1,2,3,4,5 , 李宇婷1,2,3,4 , 卜竹林1,2,3,4 , 张朔生1,2,3,4 , authorsList=吴宇慧, 孟祥龙, 张又天, 韩香, 李宇婷, 卜竹林, 张朔生, authorCompany=1 山西中医药大学中药与食品工程学院, 山西晋中 030619; 2 中药炮制技术传承基地(山西), 山西晋中 030619; 3 中药炮制山西省重点实验室, 山西晋中 030619; 4 中药材加工炮制传承与创新研究室, 山西晋中 030619; 5 澳门科技大学, 澳门 999078, correspAuthors=孟祥龙, authorNote=吴宇慧: 吴宇慧(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为中药炮制学。E-mail:wuyuhui@stu.sxtcm.edu.cn, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=RyTAcI7lIKP37YC4ie5qvg==, pdfFileSize=6450224, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=国家自然科学基金重点项目 (82574586); 山西省基础研究计划 (202503021211210); 中医药管理局科研课题项目 (2023ZYYA2012); 山西省中医药科技创新工程项目 (CZ2023041_019); 中医药产业发展现代化支撑项目 (2025zyycy01); 山西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目 (20230034); 山西省筹资金资助归国留学人员科研项目 (2023-156); 太原市揭榜挂帅项目 (2023048); 山西中医药大学研究生科研实践创新项目 (X2025SJ034); 山西中医药大学博士科研启动基金项目 (2023BK38); 山西中医药大学科技创新能力培育计划 (2024PY-JL-7-02))}, authors=null, keywords=[Keyword(id=1304414808074379981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1302319053441957962, articleId=1304414807629783754, 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detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.005, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/CN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.005, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zcy/EN/PDF/10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.005, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=0, orderTime=1788926324994, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=雷敩原. 雷公炮灸论[M]. 合肥: 安徽科学技术出版社, 1991: 24. 中国药典[S]. 一部. 2025: 133. 张可, 单国顺, 吴昊, 等. 基于“性状-化学成分-活性评价”的地黄蒸制过程质量研究[J]. 中药材, 2026, 49(1): 82-91. 曹林, 刘福, 韩丽. 基于电子舌技术分析多花黄精炮制过程中“味”的变化[J]. 中医药导报, 2023, 29(2): 50-53. 刘立轩, 李吉宁, 陈海燕, 等. 基于HPLC法及电子鼻技术的苦杏仁药材不同炮制方法研究[J]. 沈阳药科大学学报, 2023, 40(4): 494-500. 毕胜, 谢若男, 金传山, 等. 基于仿生技术的制川乌炮制过程变化研究[J]. 中草药, 2020, 51(23): 5956-5962. 解旺洋, 张雪, 裴科, 等. 焦苍术炮制工艺优化及其性状-成分关联性与抗氧化活性变化研究[J]. 中草药, 2025, 56(22): 8162-8174. Wang T S, Chao Y P, Yin F Z, et al . An E-nose and convolution neural network based recognition method for processed products of Crataegi Fructus [J]. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen , 2021, 24(7): 921-932. 李建军, 常筱沛, 马静潇, 等. 电子眼、电子鼻和电子舌鉴别不同品种、不同产地生地黄[J]. 中成药, 2022, 44(11): 3549-3554. 于兰兰, 位玉蝶, 李蒙恩, 等. 基于色度与粘度变化的九蒸九制地黄内外在质量的相关性分析及炮制终点研究[J/OL]. 中华中医药学刊, (2025-05-06)[2026-02-13]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/21.1546.R.20250506.1343.032. 孟祥龙, 王勃, 胡聪, 等. 基于HPLC-MS及网络药理学探讨熟地黄炮制过程与美拉德反应的相关性[J]. 中药材, 2020, 43(1): 61-70. 王仁杰, 蔡红明, 夏海波, 等. 不同品种番茄的果实品质及感官评价[J]. 中国果菜, 2022, 42(7): 42-50. 姜宇. 不同炮制程度的酒炖和清蒸熟地黄性状-成分-抗氧化活性的比较研究[D]. 北京: 北京中医药大学, 2023. 卢兴美, 钟凌云, 王硕, 等. 基于UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS分析不同炮制工艺对地黄化学成分的影响[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2023, 48(2): 399-414. 钟恋, 汪云伟, 杨诗龙, 等. 地黄酒炖过程化学成分及“味”的关系[J]. 中成药, 2015, 37(5): 1041-1044. 吕思霖. 基于性状、化学成分的地黄九蒸九晒炮制科学性研究[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2021. 任盼莹, 张威, 刘雪, 等. 基于指纹图谱和多成分定量结合化学模式识别的新疆地黄与怀地黄质量评价[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2025, 50(16): 4630-4640. 张定堃, 王伽伯, 杨明, 等. 中药品质整合评控实践: 附子品质综合指数[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2015, 40(13): 2582-2588. 张丽华. 基于“梓醇降解呈色”的熟地黄“黑如漆”形成机制研究[D]. 天津: 天津中医药大学, 2023. 田家屹, 马芳, 韩玲玉. 基于红外光谱的鲜地黄、生地黄和熟地黄成分差异分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2022, 42(10): 3203-3209. 薛澄. 基于“交联呈色-美拉德”和“糖水解”反应的熟地黄“黑如漆、甜如饴”炮制机制研究[D]. 天津: 天津中医药大学, 2021. 张江山, 张振凌, 陈祎甜, 等. 基于柱前衍生化法测定糖含量并结合色度值分析熟地黄传统质量标准[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2021, 39(7): 159-163. 张文婷, 何佳, 郭增喜, 等. HPLC-ELSD特征图谱分析地黄炮制过程成分变化[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2020, 45(16): 3877-3882. 解杨, 钟凌云, 薛晓, 等. 基于多指标-响应曲面法优选炆地黄炮制工艺及成分与色泽相关性分析[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2022, 47(18): 4927-4937. 徐璐, 狄瑞毅, 薛淑娟, 等. 基于“药效-化学成分群”及“质控系数”的地黄质量评价标准研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2025, 50(20): 5717-5732. 王勃, 张晓燕, 吕辰子, 等. 多指标-响应曲面法优选酒炖熟地黄最佳炮制工艺[J]. 中草药, 2019, 50(9): 2065-2073.)
中草药
|药剂与工艺
2026
, 57
(5) :
1631
-1646
熟地黄九蒸九晒过程多维度品质评价与成分动态变化研究
全屏
吴宇慧1,2,3,4 , 孟祥龙1,2,3,4 , 张又天1,2,3,4 , 韩香1,2,3,4,5 , 李宇婷1,2,3,4 , 卜竹林1,2,3,4 , 张朔生1,2,3,4
作者信息
1 山西中医药大学中药与食品工程学院, 山西晋中 030619; 2 中药炮制技术传承基地(山西), 山西晋中 030619; 3 中药炮制山西省重点实验室, 山西晋中 030619; 4 中药材加工炮制传承与创新研究室, 山西晋中 030619; 5 澳门科技大学, 澳门 999078
通讯作者:
孟祥龙
作者简介:
吴宇慧: 吴宇慧(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为中药炮制学。E-mail:wuyuhui@stu.sxtcm.edu.cn
Study on multidimensional quality assessment and dynamic evolution of chemical constituents during the nine-step steam-processing of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata
WU Yuhui, MENG Xianglong, ZHANG Youtian, HAN Xiang, LI Yuting, BU Zhulin, ZHANG Shuosheng
Affiliations
doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.005
文章导航
目的 建立熟地黄Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata 九蒸九晒过程的客观终点判据,量化“形-色-味”变化,并阐明成分转化与美拉德反应的相关性。方法 采用清蒸与酒蒸2种工艺制备熟地黄1~9次蒸晒样品,联合电子舌、电子鼻、电子眼、质谱成像和红外光谱法,获取滋味、气味及色度参数,解析成分的空间分布及动态变化以及特征官能团的迁移规律。结果 电子感官数据与人工感官评价结果一致,可准确区分不同蒸晒次数的地黄样品。滋味转变以“三蒸三晒”为关键拐点,色度值随蒸晒次数增加逐渐降低,符合“光黑如漆,甜如饴”的传统质量标准。气味差异标志物为丙烷类化合物。质谱成像结果显示,随炮制程度加深,环烯醚萜类、氨基酸类及非还原糖含量呈递减趋势,还原糖与5-羟甲基糠醛含量递增,苯乙醇类呈先升后降再升趋势。红外光谱显示糖苷羟基及共轭羰基特征峰变化符合美拉德反应特征。酒蒸因有机酸催化作用,各品质拐点较清蒸组提前1个蒸次完成,但终点质量无显著差异。结论 多维度评价体系客观呈现了熟地黄九蒸九晒过程的“形-色-味”演变规律;研究结果为熟地黄炮制终点判定提供了量化依据,并为蒸晒类中药的质量控制提供了技术范式。
熟地黄
/
九蒸九晒
/
电子舌
/
电子鼻
/
电子眼
/
质谱成像
/
红外光谱
Objective To establish an objective endpoint criterion for the nine cycles of steaming and sun-drying in the processing of Shudihuɑng (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata , RRP), to quantitatively characterize the dynamic changes in “morphology, color, and taste”, and to elucidate the correlation between chemical component transformations and the Maillard reaction. Methods Samples subjected to one through nine cycles of conventional steaming and wine-assisted steaming were prepared. An integrated analytical approach combining electronic tongue, electronic nose, electronic eye, mass spectrometry imaging, and infrared spectroscopy was employed to obtain quantitative parameters related to taste, odor, and chromaticity. These data were used to analyze the spatial distribution and dynamic variation of chemical constituents, as well as the migration patterns of characteristic functional groups. Results The electronic sensory data exhibited strong concordance with the results of manual sensory evaluation and demonstrated high discriminative capability among RRP samples subjected to varying cycles of re-hydration and re-drying. A pronounced shift in taste profile was observed at the third cycle of re-hydration and re-drying, identified as the critical inflection point for sensory deterioration. Concurrently, the color value decreased progressively with increasing reprocessing cycles—a trend consistent with the traditional quality benchmark “black as lacquer, sweet as honey”, wherein darker coloration correlates with superior quality. Volatile propane-type compounds were identified as key odor discriminants across treatment groups. Mass spectrometry imaging revealed that with increasing processing intensity, the levels of iridoid compounds, amino acids, and non-reducing sugars progressively declined, whereas those of reducing sugars and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural increased steadily. In contrast, phenethyl alcohol exhibited a triphasic trend—initially increasing, subsequently decreasing, and finally rising again. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further demonstrated characteristic shifts in absorption peaks corresponding to sugar-derived hydroxyl groups and conjugated carbonyl moieties, consistent with hallmark spectral features of the Maillard reaction. Notably, organic acids present in the wine-steaming medium exerted a catalytic effect, advancing the onset of quality inflection points by one steaming cycle relative to the clear-steaming control group; However, no statistically significant difference in final product quality was observed between the two processing modalities. Conclusion The proposed multi-dimensional evaluation system objectively captures the evolutionary patterns of “morphology, color, and taste” throughout the nine-cycle steaming and sun-drying process of processed RRP. These findings provide a quantitative foundation for determining the optimal processing endpoint and offer a technical framework for quality control in the production of steamed and sun-dried traditional Chinese medicines.
Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata
/
nine steamed and nine sun-dried
/
electronic tongue
/
electronic nose
/
electronic eye
/
mass spectrometry imaging
/
infrared spectroscopy
吴宇慧, 孟祥龙, 张又天, 韩香, 李宇婷, 卜竹林, 张朔生.
熟地黄九蒸九晒过程多维度品质评价与成分动态变化研究.
中草药,
2026
, 57
(5)
: 1631
-1646
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.005
WU Yuhui, MENG Xianglong, ZHANG Youtian, HAN Xiang, LI Yuting, BU Zhulin, ZHANG Shuosheng.
Study on multidimensional quality assessment and dynamic evolution of chemical constituents during the nine-step steam-processing of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata [J].
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs ,
2026
, 57
(5)
: 1631
-1646
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.005
国家自然科学基金重点项目 (82574586); 山西省基础研究计划 (202503021211210); 中医药管理局科研课题项目 (2023ZYYA2012); 山西省中医药科技创新工程项目 (CZ2023041_019); 中医药产业发展现代化支撑项目 (2025zyycy01); 山西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目 (20230034); 山西省筹资金资助归国留学人员科研项目 (2023-156); 太原市揭榜挂帅项目 (2023048); 山西中医药大学研究生科研实践创新项目 (X2025SJ034); 山西中医药大学博士科研启动基金项目 (2023BK38); 山西中医药大学科技创新能力培育计划 (2024PY-JL-7-02)
参考文献
引证文献
雷敩原. 雷公炮灸论[M]. 合肥: 安徽科学技术出版社, 1991: 24. 中国药典[S]. 一部. 2025: 133. 张可, 单国顺, 吴昊, 等. 基于“性状-化学成分-活性评价”的地黄蒸制过程质量研究[J]. 中药材, 2026, 49(1): 82-91. 曹林, 刘福, 韩丽. 基于电子舌技术分析多花黄精炮制过程中“味”的变化[J]. 中医药导报, 2023, 29(2): 50-53. 刘立轩, 李吉宁, 陈海燕, 等. 基于HPLC法及电子鼻技术的苦杏仁药材不同炮制方法研究[J]. 沈阳药科大学学报, 2023, 40(4): 494-500. 毕胜, 谢若男, 金传山, 等. 基于仿生技术的制川乌炮制过程变化研究[J]. 中草药, 2020, 51(23): 5956-5962. 解旺洋, 张雪, 裴科, 等. 焦苍术炮制工艺优化及其性状-成分关联性与抗氧化活性变化研究[J]. 中草药, 2025, 56(22): 8162-8174. Wang T S, Chao Y P, Yin F Z, et al . An E-nose and convolution neural network based recognition method for processed products of Crataegi Fructus [J]. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen , 2021, 24(7): 921-932. 李建军, 常筱沛, 马静潇, 等. 电子眼、电子鼻和电子舌鉴别不同品种、不同产地生地黄[J]. 中成药, 2022, 44(11): 3549-3554. 于兰兰, 位玉蝶, 李蒙恩, 等. 基于色度与粘度变化的九蒸九制地黄内外在质量的相关性分析及炮制终点研究[J/OL]. 中华中医药学刊, (2025-05-06)[2026-02-13]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/21.1546.R.20250506.1343.032. 孟祥龙, 王勃, 胡聪, 等. 基于HPLC-MS及网络药理学探讨熟地黄炮制过程与美拉德反应的相关性[J]. 中药材, 2020, 43(1): 61-70. 王仁杰, 蔡红明, 夏海波, 等. 不同品种番茄的果实品质及感官评价[J]. 中国果菜, 2022, 42(7): 42-50. 姜宇. 不同炮制程度的酒炖和清蒸熟地黄性状-成分-抗氧化活性的比较研究[D]. 北京: 北京中医药大学, 2023. 卢兴美, 钟凌云, 王硕, 等. 基于UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS分析不同炮制工艺对地黄化学成分的影响[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2023, 48(2): 399-414. 钟恋, 汪云伟, 杨诗龙, 等. 地黄酒炖过程化学成分及“味”的关系[J]. 中成药, 2015, 37(5): 1041-1044. 吕思霖. 基于性状、化学成分的地黄九蒸九晒炮制科学性研究[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2021. 任盼莹, 张威, 刘雪, 等. 基于指纹图谱和多成分定量结合化学模式识别的新疆地黄与怀地黄质量评价[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2025, 50(16): 4630-4640. 张定堃, 王伽伯, 杨明, 等. 中药品质整合评控实践: 附子品质综合指数[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2015, 40(13): 2582-2588. 张丽华. 基于“梓醇降解呈色”的熟地黄“黑如漆”形成机制研究[D]. 天津: 天津中医药大学, 2023. 田家屹, 马芳, 韩玲玉. 基于红外光谱的鲜地黄、生地黄和熟地黄成分差异分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2022, 42(10): 3203-3209. 薛澄. 基于“交联呈色-美拉德”和“糖水解”反应的熟地黄“黑如漆、甜如饴”炮制机制研究[D]. 天津: 天津中医药大学, 2021. 张江山, 张振凌, 陈祎甜, 等. 基于柱前衍生化法测定糖含量并结合色度值分析熟地黄传统质量标准[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2021, 39(7): 159-163. 张文婷, 何佳, 郭增喜, 等. HPLC-ELSD特征图谱分析地黄炮制过程成分变化[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2020, 45(16): 3877-3882. 解杨, 钟凌云, 薛晓, 等. 基于多指标-响应曲面法优选炆地黄炮制工艺及成分与色泽相关性分析[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2022, 47(18): 4927-4937. 徐璐, 狄瑞毅, 薛淑娟, 等. 基于“药效-化学成分群”及“质控系数”的地黄质量评价标准研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2025, 50(20): 5717-5732. 王勃, 张晓燕, 吕辰子, 等. 多指标-响应曲面法优选酒炖熟地黄最佳炮制工艺[J]. 中草药, 2019, 50(9): 2065-2073.
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family 属数 Number of genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 属 Genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78 小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39 红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87 小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26 光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39 红菇属 Russula 17 8.13 栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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