Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Urtica cannabina and their hypoglycemic activity in vitro. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography of HPD-600 macroporous resin, silica gel, preparative TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in vitro through their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, sucrase, and maltase. Results Twenty compounds were isolated and identified from the 70% ethanol extract of U. cannabina, including cis-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (1), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), dimethyl glansreginate (3), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), caffeic acid (5), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (6), 4-O-feruloylquinic methyl ester (7), hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester (8), (E)-p-coumaroyl dimethyl malate (9), fraxidin (10), trans-caffeic acid methyl ester (11), trans-caffeic acid ethyl ester (12), 3,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone (13), 4-caffeoylquinic acid (14), 3-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid methyl ester (15), 3-O-feruloylquinic methyl ester (16), hydroxybenzoic acid (17), phaseic acid (18), 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic methyl ester (19), 5-O-feruloylquinic methyl ester (20). The in vitro activity screening revealed that compounds 5 and 7 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, while compounds 5, 6, 11, 12 and 14 displayed considerable inhibitory effects on both sucrase and maltase. Conclusion Compounds 1, 2, 5—12, and 14—20 are phenolic acids, compound 4 is a flavonoid, and compound 13 is a ketophenol. Among these, compounds 3, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, and 18—20 were isolated from U. cannabina for the first time. Compound 5 demonstrated notable inhibitory activity against all three enzymes, suggesting that it may serve as the core pharmacophoric structure for the hypoglycemic effect. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that the catechol structure and the caffeic acid esterification motif collectively constitute the key structural basis for the glycosidase inhibitory activity of these phenolic acids.
Key words
Urticaceae
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Urtica cannabina L.
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type 2 diabetes mellitus
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hypoglycemic activity in vitro
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dimethyl glansreginate
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4-O-feruloylquinic methyl ester
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fraxidin
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phaseic acid
XU Mingting, JIA Wenjing, LIU Liying, WANG Luya, YUE Min, LUO Huiqin, YUE Huilan, ZHAO Xiaohui.
Chemical constituents and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of Urtica cannabina[J].
Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,
2026
, 57
(5)
: 1610
-1621
.
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2026.05.003
基金
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青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金 (2025ZY008)
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