Article(id=1320166780807524991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1320166565862027513, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0202, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1771948800000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-25, revisedDate=1778601600000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681888056, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1789142400000, pubDateStr=2026-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681888056, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681888056, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681888056, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166565862027513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3490', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789142400000', pubDateStr='2026-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681836810, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681836810, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3376, endPage=3389, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166781637997186, articleId=1320166780807524991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Preliminary investigation on the promoting effect and related mechanisms of Dengzhan Shengmai Formula on angiogenesis in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injured bEND.3 cells via the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study employed a serum pharmacology approach to investigate the mechanism by which the blood-absorbed components of Dengzhan Shengmai Formula (DZSM) promote angiogenesis in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEND.3) following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. The blood-absorbed constituents of DZSM were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap). An OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cell model was established. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, cellular injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was detected by confocal microscopy, and the apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry. The pro-angiogenic effect of DZSM-medicated serum was evaluated through wound healing assay, Transwell migration assay, tube formation assay, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and NaF permeability test. Protein expression related to the hypoxia inducible factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor A (HIF-1α/VEGFA) signaling pathway was detected by Western blot, and molecular docking was performed to screen key active components. The results showed that twelve components, including scutellarin, 4, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and ginsenoside Rb2, were absorbed into the blood. The optimal concentration of DZSM-medicated serum for intervening in OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells was 20% (v/v). Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly decreased cell viability, migration rate, tube formation ability, and expression of pathway-related proteins, while ROS content and apoptosis rate were markedly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the DZSM blood-absorbed components group showed significantly increased cell viability, migration rate, tube formation ability, and expression of tight junction proteins, as well as significantly decreased ROS content and apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). Moreover, the protein expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGFA were notably upregulated. Molecular docking results indicated strong binding affinities between the blood-absorbed components (e.g., scutellarin) and the HIF-1α/VEGFA targets. In conclusion, the blood-absorbed components of DZSM promote angiogenesis in OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells, and the mechanism is closely related to activation of the HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway and upregulation of its associated proteins. The experimental protocol strictly adhered to the guidelines of the Ethics Committee of Animal Research of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (approval No.: gdpulacspf2022137).

, authors=Yue SHI1, 2, 3, Cai-mei SU1, 2, 3, Si-ting LI1, 2, 3, Ye-han CAI1, 2, 3, Yu-qian LIN1, 2, 3, Fang YUAN4, Shu-mei WANG1, 2, 3, Yuan-yuan XIE1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Yue SHI, Cai-mei SU, Si-ting LI, Ye-han CAI, Yu-qian LIN, Fang YUAN, Shu-mei WANG, Yuan-yuan XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuan-yuan XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166785404482197, articleId=1320166780807524991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=灯盏生脉方通过HIF-1α/VEGFA通路对氧糖剥夺/复氧损伤bEND.3细胞血管新生的促进作用及相关机制初探, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用血清药理学研究方法探讨灯盏生脉方(Dengzhan Shengmai Formula, DZSM) 血中移行成分促进氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖(OGD/R) 损伤小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞(bEND.3) 血管新生的机制。采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) 技术鉴定DZSM血中移行成分; 建立OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞模型, 通过CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞存活率, 乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 水平评估细胞活力, 共聚焦显微镜检测活性氧(ROS) 表达, 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率, 结合划痕实验、细胞迁移实验、成管实验及内皮电阻、荧光素钠渗透性检测等, 综合评价DZSM含药血清对血管新生的促进作用; Western blot法检测缺氧诱导因子-1/血管内皮生长因子A (HIF-1α/VEGFA) 信号通路相关蛋白表达, 结合分子对接筛选方中关键活性成分。结果显示, DZSM中灯盏乙素、4, 5-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸、人参皂苷Rb2等12个成分为血中移行成分, 体积分数为20%的DZSM含药血清为干预OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞的最佳浓度。与对照组相比, 模型组细胞活力、细胞迁移率、成管能力及通路相关特征蛋白表达均显著降低, ROS含量、细胞凋亡率显著升高(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, DZSM血中移行成分干预组细胞活力、细胞迁移率、成管能力及紧密连接蛋白表达均显著升高, ROS含量、细胞凋亡率显著降低(P < 0.05), 且HIF-1α、VEGFA蛋白表达明显上调; 分子对接结果显示, 灯盏乙素等血中移行成分与HIF-1α、VEGFA靶点具有较强结合能力。结果表明, 灯盏生脉方血中移行成分可促进OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞血管新生, 其机制与激活HIF-1α/VEGFA信号通路、上调相关蛋白表达密切相关。本实验按照广东药科大学实验动物福利伦理委员会指导政策严格执行(批准号: gdpulacspf2022137)。

, authors=施悦1, 2, 3, 苏才美1, 2, 3, 李思婷1, 2, 3, 蔡烨函1, 2, 3, 林于茜1, 2, 3, 袁芳4, 王淑美1, 2, 3, 谢媛媛1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=施悦, 苏才美, 李思婷, 蔡烨函, 林于茜, 袁芳, 王淑美, 谢媛媛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谢媛媛, authorNote=

作者贡献:

施悦负责实验开展、数据分析与文章撰写; 苏才美和李思婷负责实验开展与数据分析; 蔡烨函与林于茜负责药物制备与成分解析; 袁芳负责数据库资料收集; 王淑美和谢媛媛负责整体研究方案设计、论文审阅指导及经费支持。所有作者阅读并认可终稿。

, correspAuthorsNote=
谢媛媛,E-mail:
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A: Cytotoxicity evaluation of DZSM-containing serum in bEND.3 cells; B: Survival rate of bEND.3 cells after OGD/R injury; C: LDH release level of bEND.3 cells after OGD/R injury. n = 3, x±s. #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group. ns: No significance; Bre: Breviscapine; DZSM: Dengzhan Shengmai Formula; OGD/R: Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, figureFileSmall=JHm8PqwehdNy1AMXT6TBPw==, figureFileBig=wW/ARZ5cvfaojWKD+TGNOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166792778068712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+JWiE/gsBumkCY9RCi8TIA==, figureFileBig=8Q37GROnyjiC83CNsvFzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166792836788969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of DZSM-medicated serum extracts on on intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis in OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells. A: Intracellular ROS fluorescence imaging (200× magnification); B: Quantitative statistical results of intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity; C: Quantitative statistical results of apoptosis rate; D: Flow cytometry scatter plots of cell apoptosis in each experimental group. n = 3, x±s. ###P < 0.001 vs control group; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs model group. ROS: Reactive oxygen species, figureFileSmall=+JWiE/gsBumkCY9RCi8TIA==, figureFileBig=8Q37GROnyjiC83CNsvFzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166792903897834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=81cRozmJryiyrXRokJbFog==, figureFileBig=U9myU8Q+3aWndA6K+tW9zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166792975201003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of DZSM-medicated serum extracts on migration capacity of OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells. A: Wound healing of cells in each group at different time points (20×); B: Cell invasion detected by crystal violet staining (100×); C: Quantification of wound healing rate in each group at 12 and 36 h; D: Quantification of the number of invasive cells. n = 3, x±s. #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs model group, figureFileSmall=81cRozmJryiyrXRokJbFog==, figureFileBig=U9myU8Q+3aWndA6K+tW9zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793050698476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Lvfh5Td1LtViqIEdCH2qnQ==, figureFileBig=XI/4NsEfM9A6a55JdSp6vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793138778861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of DZSM-medicated serum extracts on tube formation capacity of OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells. A: Cell morphology observation (20×); B: Number of nodes; C: Number of junctions; D: Total mesh area; E: Number of vessel branches; F: Total vessel length. n = 3, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs control group; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs model group, figureFileSmall=Lvfh5Td1LtViqIEdCH2qnQ==, figureFileBig=XI/4NsEfM9A6a55JdSp6vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793222664942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7dLZyd6Viz4KumiR1um0rw==, figureFileBig=ve0ybbyp5jHNuAVcphDQLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793277190895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of DZSM-medicated serum extracts on barrier function of OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells. A: TEER values for the evaluation of cell barrier integrity; B: Na-F permeability for the assessment of cell barrier permeability. n = 3, x±s. #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs model group. TEER: Trans epithellal electric resistance; Na-F: Sodium fluorescein, figureFileSmall=7dLZyd6Viz4KumiR1um0rw==, figureFileBig=ve0ybbyp5jHNuAVcphDQLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793361076976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=no/n7YzU9vgPE+AEe7n09Q==, figureFileBig=N1zQv1KFajoyLsTDJJ7MTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793440768753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of DZSM-medicated serum extracts on the expression of tight junction proteins in OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells. A: Western blot results of tight junction proteins including ZO-1, occludin and claudin 5; B: Quantitative analysis of the relative expression level of ZO-1 protein; C: Quantitative analysis of the relative expression level of occludin protein; D: Quantitative analysis of the relative expression level of claudin 5 protein. n = 3, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group, figureFileSmall=no/n7YzU9vgPE+AEe7n09Q==, figureFileBig=N1zQv1KFajoyLsTDJJ7MTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793503683314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eKmSdMzNYhqdnKXYYNhKGA==, figureFileBig=356yvA34GZPWSXYBoHDr4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793579180787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of DZSM-medicated serum extracts on the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFA in OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells. A: Western blot results of HIF-1α and VEGFA; B: Quantitative analysis of the relative expression level of HIF-1α protein; C: Quantitative analysis of the relative expression level of VEGFA protein. n = 3, x±s. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.05 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs model group. HIF-1α: Hypoxia inducible factor-1α; VEGFA: Vascular endothelial growth factor A, figureFileSmall=eKmSdMzNYhqdnKXYYNhKGA==, figureFileBig=356yvA34GZPWSXYBoHDr4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793663066868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=spa7Gehhy9R2uZoQBVTj0A==, figureFileBig=7O65lQkNv00uUyMEYbvjRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793742758645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=Schematic diagram of molecular docking between 12 absorbed components in blood and HIF-1α. A: Scutellarin; B: 3, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid; C: Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide; D: 4, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid; E: Schisandrol B; F: Schisandrin A; G: Insenoside Rb1; H: Ginsenoside Rc; I: Ginsenoside Rb2; J: Ginsenoside Rd; K: Schisandrol A; L: Ophiopogonin D, figureFileSmall=spa7Gehhy9R2uZoQBVTj0A==, figureFileBig=7O65lQkNv00uUyMEYbvjRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793814061814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=c8xiEfHnA2C2FZP7oOxU3Q==, figureFileBig=shkPC9qructy0UOjAn/KXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793876976375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Fig.9, caption=Schematic diagram of molecular docking between 12 absorbed components in blood and VEGFA. A: Scutellarin; B: 3, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid; C: Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide; D: 4, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid; E: Schisandrol B; F: Schisandrin A; G: Ginsenoside Rb1; H: Ginsenoside Rc; I: Ginsenoside Rb2; J: Ginsenoside Rd; K: Schisandrol A; L: Ophiopogonin D, figureFileSmall=c8xiEfHnA2C2FZP7oOxU3Q==, figureFileBig=shkPC9qructy0UOjAn/KXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166793948279544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.t/minMolecular formulaIon modeCalculated massm/zError (ppm)Compound nameNormalModel
123.19C21H18O12[M-H]-462.079 8461.073 20.523Scutellarin√√
223.64C25H24O12[M-H]-516.126 8515.119 91.4683, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid√√
323.96C21H18O11[M-H]-446.084 9445.078 21.622Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide√√
425.24C25H24O12[M-H]-516.126 8515.119 91.5284, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid√√
526.55C23H28O7[M+H]+416.183417.190 70.24Schisandrol B
628.58C23H28O7[M+H]+416.183417.190 80.072Schisandrin A√√
732.33C54H92O23[M-H]-1 108.602 41 107.595 50.903Ginsenoside Rb1√√
832.78C53H90O22[M+HCOO]-1 078.591 81 123.590 8-0.026Ginsenoside Rc√√
933.92C53H90O22[M+HCOO]-1 078.591 81 123.590 8-0.026Ginsenoside Rb2√√
1034.8C48H82O18[M+HCOO]-946.549 6991.547 40.202Ginsenoside Rd√√
1135.74C24H32O7[M+H]+432.214 3433.222 0-0.023Schisandrol A√√
1240.17C44H70O16[M-H]-854.465 8853.450 70.855Ophiopogonin D√—
), ArticleFig(id=1320166794027971321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Identification results of prototype components of DZSM. DZSM: Dengzhan Shengmai Formula

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No.t/minMolecular formulaIon modeCalculated massm/zError (ppm)Compound nameNormalModel
123.19C21H18O12[M-H]-462.079 8461.073 20.523Scutellarin√√
223.64C25H24O12[M-H]-516.126 8515.119 91.4683, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid√√
323.96C21H18O11[M-H]-446.084 9445.078 21.622Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide√√
425.24C25H24O12[M-H]-516.126 8515.119 91.5284, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid√√
526.55C23H28O7[M+H]+416.183417.190 70.24Schisandrol B
628.58C23H28O7[M+H]+416.183417.190 80.072Schisandrin A√√
732.33C54H92O23[M-H]-1 108.602 41 107.595 50.903Ginsenoside Rb1√√
832.78C53H90O22[M+HCOO]-1 078.591 81 123.590 8-0.026Ginsenoside Rc√√
933.92C53H90O22[M+HCOO]-1 078.591 81 123.590 8-0.026Ginsenoside Rb2√√
1034.8C48H82O18[M+HCOO]-946.549 6991.547 40.202Ginsenoside Rd√√
1135.74C24H32O7[M+H]+432.214 3433.222 0-0.023Schisandrol A√√
1240.17C44H70O16[M-H]-854.465 8853.450 70.855Ophiopogonin D√—
), ArticleFig(id=1320166794099274490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Absorbed components in bloodBinding energy/kcal·mol-1
HIF-1αVEGFA
Scutellarin-9.113-8.914
3, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid-8.558-8.726
Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide-9.085-8.975
4, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid-8.365-7.294
Schisandrol B-8.06-7.335
Schisandrin A-7.576-6.677
Ginsenoside Rb1-7.886-7.664
Ginsenoside Rc-7.619-8.760
Ginsenoside Rb2-8.710-8.236
Ginsenoside Rd-7.039-8.147
Schisandrol A-7.528-6.445
Ophiopogonin D-8.281-8.77
), ArticleFig(id=1320166794166383355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1320166780807524991, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Docking results of 12 absorbed components in blood with HIF-1α and VEGFA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Absorbed components in bloodBinding energy/kcal·mol-1
HIF-1αVEGFA
Scutellarin-9.113-8.914
3, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid-8.558-8.726
Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide-9.085-8.975
4, 5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid-8.365-7.294
Schisandrol B-8.06-7.335
Schisandrin A-7.576-6.677
Ginsenoside Rb1-7.886-7.664
Ginsenoside Rc-7.619-8.760
Ginsenoside Rb2-8.710-8.236
Ginsenoside Rd-7.039-8.147
Schisandrol A-7.528-6.445
Ophiopogonin D-8.281-8.77
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施悦 1, 2, 3 , 苏才美 1, 2, 3 , 李思婷 1, 2, 3 , 蔡烨函 1, 2, 3 , 林于茜 1, 2, 3 , 袁芳 4 , 王淑美 1, 2, 3 , 谢媛媛 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(9): 3376-3389
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (9) : 3376 -3389
灯盏生脉方通过HIF-1α/VEGFA通路对氧糖剥夺/复氧损伤bEND.3细胞血管新生的促进作用及相关机制初探
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2Digital and Intelligent Quality Control Engineering for Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Research Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
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施悦1, 2, 3, 苏才美1, 2, 3, 李思婷1, 2, 3, 蔡烨函1, 2, 3, 林于茜1, 2, 3, 袁芳4, 王淑美1, 2, 3, 谢媛媛1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1广东药科大学中药学院, 广东 广州 510006
  • 2数智化中药质量控制广东省工程研究中心, 广东 广州 510006
  • 3国家中医药管理局中药数字化质量评价技术重点研究室, 广东 广州 510006
  • 4广东药科大学药学院, 广东 广州 510006
通讯作者:
谢媛媛,E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

施悦负责实验开展、数据分析与文章撰写; 苏才美和李思婷负责实验开展与数据分析; 蔡烨函与林于茜负责药物制备与成分解析; 袁芳负责数据库资料收集; 王淑美和谢媛媛负责整体研究方案设计、论文审阅指导及经费支持。所有作者阅读并认可终稿。

Preliminary investigation on the promoting effect and related mechanisms of Dengzhan Shengmai Formula on angiogenesis in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injured bEND.3 cells via the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway
Yue SHI1, 2, 3, Cai-mei SU1, 2, 3, Si-ting LI1, 2, 3, Ye-han CAI1, 2, 3, Yu-qian LIN1, 2, 3, Fang YUAN4, Shu-mei WANG1, 2, 3, Yuan-yuan XIE1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2Digital and Intelligent Quality Control Engineering for Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Research Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 4School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
出版时间: 2026-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0202
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采用血清药理学研究方法探讨灯盏生脉方(Dengzhan Shengmai Formula, DZSM) 血中移行成分促进氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖(OGD/R) 损伤小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞(bEND.3) 血管新生的机制。采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) 技术鉴定DZSM血中移行成分; 建立OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞模型, 通过CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞存活率, 乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 水平评估细胞活力, 共聚焦显微镜检测活性氧(ROS) 表达, 流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率, 结合划痕实验、细胞迁移实验、成管实验及内皮电阻、荧光素钠渗透性检测等, 综合评价DZSM含药血清对血管新生的促进作用; Western blot法检测缺氧诱导因子-1/血管内皮生长因子A (HIF-1α/VEGFA) 信号通路相关蛋白表达, 结合分子对接筛选方中关键活性成分。结果显示, DZSM中灯盏乙素、4, 5-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸、人参皂苷Rb2等12个成分为血中移行成分, 体积分数为20%的DZSM含药血清为干预OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞的最佳浓度。与对照组相比, 模型组细胞活力、细胞迁移率、成管能力及通路相关特征蛋白表达均显著降低, ROS含量、细胞凋亡率显著升高(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, DZSM血中移行成分干预组细胞活力、细胞迁移率、成管能力及紧密连接蛋白表达均显著升高, ROS含量、细胞凋亡率显著降低(P < 0.05), 且HIF-1α、VEGFA蛋白表达明显上调; 分子对接结果显示, 灯盏乙素等血中移行成分与HIF-1α、VEGFA靶点具有较强结合能力。结果表明, 灯盏生脉方血中移行成分可促进OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞血管新生, 其机制与激活HIF-1α/VEGFA信号通路、上调相关蛋白表达密切相关。本实验按照广东药科大学实验动物福利伦理委员会指导政策严格执行(批准号: gdpulacspf2022137)。

灯盏生脉方  /  脑微血管内皮细胞  /  血清药理学  /  糖氧剥夺/复氧损伤  /  血管生成  /  HIF-1α/VEGFA信号通路

The study employed a serum pharmacology approach to investigate the mechanism by which the blood-absorbed components of Dengzhan Shengmai Formula (DZSM) promote angiogenesis in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEND.3) following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. The blood-absorbed constituents of DZSM were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap). An OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cell model was established. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, cellular injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was detected by confocal microscopy, and the apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry. The pro-angiogenic effect of DZSM-medicated serum was evaluated through wound healing assay, Transwell migration assay, tube formation assay, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and NaF permeability test. Protein expression related to the hypoxia inducible factor-1/vascular endothelial growth factor A (HIF-1α/VEGFA) signaling pathway was detected by Western blot, and molecular docking was performed to screen key active components. The results showed that twelve components, including scutellarin, 4, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and ginsenoside Rb2, were absorbed into the blood. The optimal concentration of DZSM-medicated serum for intervening in OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells was 20% (v/v). Compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significantly decreased cell viability, migration rate, tube formation ability, and expression of pathway-related proteins, while ROS content and apoptosis rate were markedly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the DZSM blood-absorbed components group showed significantly increased cell viability, migration rate, tube formation ability, and expression of tight junction proteins, as well as significantly decreased ROS content and apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). Moreover, the protein expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGFA were notably upregulated. Molecular docking results indicated strong binding affinities between the blood-absorbed components (e.g., scutellarin) and the HIF-1α/VEGFA targets. In conclusion, the blood-absorbed components of DZSM promote angiogenesis in OGD/R-injured bEND.3 cells, and the mechanism is closely related to activation of the HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway and upregulation of its associated proteins. The experimental protocol strictly adhered to the guidelines of the Ethics Committee of Animal Research of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (approval No.: gdpulacspf2022137).

Dengzhan Shengmai Formula  /  brain microvascular endothelial cell  /  serum pharmacology  /  oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury  /  angiogenesis  /  HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway
施悦, 苏才美, 李思婷, 蔡烨函, 林于茜, 袁芳, 王淑美, 谢媛媛. 灯盏生脉方通过HIF-1α/VEGFA通路对氧糖剥夺/复氧损伤bEND.3细胞血管新生的促进作用及相关机制初探. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (9) : 3376 -3389 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0202
Yue SHI, Cai-mei SU, Si-ting LI, Ye-han CAI, Yu-qian LIN, Fang YUAN, Shu-mei WANG, Yuan-yuan XIE. Preliminary investigation on the promoting effect and related mechanisms of Dengzhan Shengmai Formula on angiogenesis in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injured bEND.3 cells via the HIF-1α/VEGFA pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (9) : 3376 -3389 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0202
缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke, IS) 是全球范围内导致成年人致死、致残的主要神经系统疾病之一[1]。其核心病理机制为脑部血管阻塞引发局部组织氧糖供应中断, 进而导致脑微血管内皮细胞(BMECs) 损伤、血脑屏障破坏及神经细胞凋亡; 且溶栓治疗后伴随的氧化应激、炎症反应等二次损伤, 会进一步加剧脑组织缺血缺氧微环境恶化, 阻碍神经功能恢复[2]。血管新生是缺血组织自我修复的关键病理生理过程, 通过在原有血管基础上, 经内皮细胞增殖、迁移、成管等一系列反应形成新血管, 可有效改善缺血区域血液供应, 为神经细胞存活及功能恢复提供必要的营养支持与微环境保障[3]。血管新生的调控主要依赖血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、缺氧诱导因子(HIF) 等关键分子, 其中HIF-1α是缺氧条件下调控细胞代谢的核心转录因子[4], VEGFA则在促进血管内皮细胞增殖、分化、迁移及增强血管通透性等方面发挥关键作用[5]。因此, 调控HIF-1α/VEGFA通路活性、保护脑微血管内皮细胞功能、促进血管新生, 已成为缺血性脑卒中药物研发的重要靶点[6]。
灯盏生脉方(Dengzhan Shengmai Formula, DZSM) 由灯盏细辛、人参、麦冬、五味子四味中药组成, 具有益气养阴、活血通络之功效, 临床用于治疗气阴两虚、瘀阻脑络所致的缺血性心脑血管疾病。方中灯盏细辛为君药, 辛温散瘀, 通络开痹; 人参为臣药, 大补元气, 益气复脉, 生津安神; 麦冬、五味子为佐使药, 酸甘化阴, 养心阴而敛耗散之气。全方共奏补气滋阴、活血通络、祛瘀止痛之效, 对因血瘀所致的心胸痹痛以及因气阴亏损导致的卒中后遗症、痴呆、健忘等均有较好疗效[7]。灯盏生脉胶囊为该方经现代工艺制备而成的口服胶囊制剂, 已被国家药品监督管理局批准用于脑卒中后遗症的治疗, 并载入中国药典及《国家基本药物目录》, 是缺血性脑卒中二级预防中唯一具有A级循证证据的中成药[8]。已有研究表明, 灯盏生脉方可通过多靶点、多通路发挥血管保护作用, 如调节血管内皮功能、抑制氧化应激与炎症反应、减少内皮细胞凋亡等[9-12]。然而, 关于其促进血管新生的物质基础及相关机制研究尚未见报道。
血清药理学理论认为, 血中移行成分(原型成分及其代谢产物) 是复方体内直接作用的物质基础[13, 14]。因此, 鉴定血中移行成分并以其为干预手段进行体外药效评价, 能更客观地反映复方的体内药理过程。超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) 凭借高分辨率、高灵敏度的优势, 已成为中药复方血中移行成分快速识别与分析的核心技术。分子对接技术可通过计算机模拟药物成分与靶点的结合模式, 快速筛选复方中发挥核心作用的活性成分, 为药效机制研究提供重要线索[15]。本研究前期已采用UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS技术, 结合前体离子靶向识别与诊断离子过滤的数据处理策略, 对灯盏生脉胶囊的化学成分进行分析鉴定, 为其效应物质研究奠定了基础[16]。
脑微血管内皮细胞作为构成血脑屏障的核心细胞, 其功能完整性直接决定血管新生效率; 而氧糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R) 模型可模拟体内缺血再灌注所致的BMECs损伤状态, 是体外研究血管新生调控机制的经典模型[17]。小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞株(bEND.3细胞) 因具有与体内BMECs相似的形态及功能特征, 被广泛用于脑血管损伤与修复相关研究[18], 为本研究体外药效评价提供了理想的细胞模型。
为此, 本研究采用UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS技术分析DZSM的血中移行成分; 建立OGD/R损伤的bEND.3细胞模型, 评价DZSM血中移行成分对OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞活力、凋亡、氧化应激及血管新生相关功能的影响; 进而采用Western blot检测HIF-1α/VEGFA通路相关蛋白表达, 并结合分子对接筛选关键活性成分。本研究旨在明确灯盏生脉方血中移行成分促进OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞血管新生的作用, 初步探讨其调控HIF-1α/VEGFA通路的相关机制, 为灯盏生脉方治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床应用提供实验依据与理论支撑。
试剂和药品  灯盏花素片(20231101, 云南生物谷药业股份有限公司); 灯盏细辛Erigeron Breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz. (EB, 20211105; 产地: 云南) 和麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl (OJ, 20211105; 产地: 云南) 均购自河北新京源药业有限公司; 人参Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. (PG, 20210903; 产地: 吉林) 购自北京同仁堂中药材批发精品店; 五味子Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SC, 20210310; 产地: 辽宁) 购自康美药业股份有限公司, 以上药材经广东药科大学中药学院谢媛媛教授鉴定均为正品药材, 且符合2025版中国药典各品种项下相关要求, 凭证标本保存在广东药科大学中药学院。
DMEM培养基(6124513)、胎牛血清(CH815042)、胰酶(1742078) 和CCK8 (GK10001) 购自美国Gibco公司; DMEM无糖培养基(24185658) 和多聚甲醛(24152607) 购自白鲨生物科技有限公司; 乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 试剂盒(A020-2-2) 购自南京建成生物工程研究所; Matrigel基质胶(21024601) 购自美国Corning公司; 0.1%结晶紫染色液(240010004) 购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司; 荧光素钠(F6377) 购自美国Sigma公司; Annexin异硫氰酸荧光素(V-FITC) 细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(Z931240919)、二喹啉甲酸(BCA) 蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(061122220621)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 检测试剂盒(011124240605)、RIPI细胞裂解液(020124240421)、蛋白酶磷酸酶(50×) 混合抑制剂(A053241220)、一抗稀释液(P0023A)、二抗稀释液(P0023D)、β-actin抗体(12w2944) 均购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。紧密连接蛋白1多克隆抗体(zonula occludens-1, ZO-1, 21773-1-AP) 购自美国Proteintech公司; 紧密连接蛋白5多克隆抗体(claudin 5, AF5216)、辣根过氧化氢酶标记羊抗兔IgG二抗(569958) 购自澳大利亚Affinity Biosciences公司; 闭合蛋白多克隆抗体(occludin, 1069660-11)、缺氧诱导因子-1α (HIF-1α, ab317044) 抗体和血管内皮生长因子A (VEGFA, ab214424) 抗体均购自美国Abcam公司。
仪器  UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS系统由Thermo Ulti Mate 3000超高效液相色谱(配有LPG-3400SD二元液相泵、二极管阵列检测器、WPS-3000TRS自动进样器、在线脱气机、TCC-3200柱温箱) 与Q-Exactive四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司) 组成; Invitrogen AttuneNxT超高速流式细胞仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 细胞缺氧小室(加拿大STEMCELL生物科技有限公司); Millicell ERS 3.0数字化电阻仪(美国Merck公司); 10M Spark多功能酶标仪(瑞士Tecan公司); IX73荧光倒置显微镜(日本Olympus公司); SQP型十万分之一电子天平(德国赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司); BMB Free-17台式高速冷冻离心机(广州博美科学仪器有限公司); KQ-400DE数控超声波清洗仪(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); 0.45 μm聚偏二氟乙烯印迹膜(R1PB95192)、T25细胞培养瓶(21024601)、0.4 μm Transwell (3422)、8 μm Transwell (3413)、15 mL离心管、50 mL离心管均购自美国Corning公司; 0.22 μm微孔过滤器购自美国Millipore公司; bEND.3细胞(CL-0598) 购于武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司。
灯盏生脉方提取物的制备  按照2020版中国药典一部“灯盏生脉胶囊”项下方法制备, 灯盏细辛提取物的收率为5.75%, 生脉方(人参、麦冬、五味子) 提取物收率为8.07%。将两者按原方生药量混合均匀, 即得灯盏生脉方提取物[19]。
实验动物  SPF级雄性SD大鼠, 体质量180~220 g, 购自广东省医学实验动物中心, 生产许可证号: SCXK(粤)20220002, 使用许可证号: SYXK(粤)2017-0125, 合格证编号: 44007200133935。实验前于广东药科大学实验动物中心适应性饲养7 d, 环境温度20~23 ℃, 相对湿度(55 ± 5)%, 12 h光照/12 h黑暗循环, 自由进食和饮水。实验方案经广东药科大学实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: gdpulacspf2022137)。
含药血清提取物的制备  大鼠随机分为3组(n = 10): 空白对照组、灯盏生脉方(DZSM) 组和灯盏花素(Bre) 组。空白对照组灌胃给予等体积磷酸盐缓冲液, 给药组按临床等效剂量的5倍连续灌胃4 d (DZSM 1.01 g·kg-1·d-1, 灯盏花素53.85 mg·kg-1·d-1), 第5天按临床等效剂量的10倍灌胃(DZSM 2.02 g·kg-1·d-1, 灯盏花素107.7 mg·kg-1·d-1), 灌胃1 h后腹主动脉取血。血液低温静置40 min, 3 000 r·min-1离心15 min分离血清。
同组动物血清合并, 按照1∶4比例加入甲醇, 涡旋振荡5 min, 14 300 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清液于35 ℃真空蒸干, 加PBS溶解, 涡旋振荡3 min, 0.22 μmol·L-1滤膜过滤, 得含药血清提取物。
灯盏生脉方血中移行成分与入脑组织成分的鉴定  采用数据依赖性扫描(data-dependent acquisition, DDA) 的全谱分析与平行反应监测(parallel reaction monitoring, PRM) 模式靶向识别相结合的质谱数据采集策略, 色谱及质谱条件参照前期方法[19]。将质谱数据导入Compound Discover 3.1软件(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司) 进行数据预处理, 包括峰对齐、峰提取和精确质量拟合分子式。参数设置如下: 在正模式下选择+H、+Na, 在负模式下选择-H、-HCOO; 保留时间0~60 min; 保留时间偏差0.2 min; 质量偏差: 5 ppm; 强度耐受度: 30%; 最小峰强度: 100 000; 信噪比阈值: 3。利用Microsoft Office Access 2021软件, 采用相似性分析技术, 将精确质量数与DZSM体外成分及代谢产物质谱数据库进行匹配, 以快速识别前体离子并筛选生物样品中的灯盏生脉方原型入血/脑成分; 并根据PRM模式靶向识别入血/脑成分的二级质谱, 验证鉴定结果的准确性。
细胞培养  将bEND.3细胞置于含5%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基, 37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养, 细胞生长至80%~90%时, 用胰蛋白酶溶液进行消化传代, 选取对数生长期细胞进行实验。
血中移行成分对正常bEND.3细胞存活率的影响  将bEND.3细胞以1×104个/孔接种于96孔板, 培养24 h后分别加入含20% DZSM含药血清提取物、20%灯盏花素含药血清提取物或20%空白血清的DMEM培养基, 对照组不加药。培养24 h后, 将各孔培养基更换为含10% CCK-8的DMEM培养基, 避光孵育1 h, 于450 nm测定吸光度(A) 值, 按照公式(1) 计算细胞存活率。
$ 细胞存活率 = (A_{给药}-A_{空白})/(A_{对照}-A_{空白}) × 100\% $
OGD/R损伤模型的建立与分组  设置5个实验组, 即对照组、模型组、DZSM含药血清提取物组(20%)、灯盏花素含药血清提取物组(20%) 及空白血清提取物组(20%)。各给药组预给药12 h后, PBS洗涤2次, 模型组及各给药组更换为无糖DMEM, 对照组更换为基础DMEM, 置于缺氧小室(95% N2-5% CO2) 缺氧3 h, 更换为完全培养基后复氧21 h。
CCK8法  将bEND.3细胞以1×104个/孔接种于96孔板中, 37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养24 h, 待细胞完全贴壁生长后, 按照上述分组建立OGD/R模型, 复氧结束后, 使用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞存活率。
LDH法  将bEND.3细胞以1×105个/孔密度接种于24孔板中, 37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中培养24 h, 待细胞完全贴壁生长后, 按照上述分组建立OGD/R模型。复氧结束后, 收集每组上清液, 4 ℃离心5 min (1 000 r·min-1), 于450 nm检测吸光度, 按照试剂盒说明书计算LDH释放量。
ROS表达水平检测  在天然状态下, 不具有荧光特性的DCFH-DA探针穿透细胞膜, 进入细胞内部, 可被酯酶水解转化生成DCFH, 细胞内ROS可将DCFH转变为具有荧光特性的DCF, 故可通过观察细胞内荧光表达水平检测细胞内ROS含量。将bEND.3细胞以2×104个/孔接种于黑色避光96孔板中, OGD/R处理后, 加入DCFH-DA探针(1∶1 000), 37 ℃孵箱中孵育40 min, 荧光显微镜下观察并拍照, ImageJ分析荧光强度。
细胞凋亡检测  将bEND.3细胞以8×105个/孔接种于6孔板中, OGD/R处理后收集细胞, 离心5 min, 弃去上层培养基, 重悬计数。取8×104~1×105个细胞, 2 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 弃去上清液, Annexin V-FITC/PI双染, 流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率(激发波长Ex = 488 nm; 发射波长Em = 530 nm)。
划痕实验  在6孔板背面使用马克笔沿着水平方向标记5条间距均匀的参考线, bEND.3细胞以8×105个/孔接种于6孔板中。细胞生长至融合单层贴壁细胞后, 吸去孔内培养基, 用无菌枪头于每孔内参照先前画出的直线划过细胞; PBS清洗后, 按照上述分组建立OGD/R模型, 于0、12、36 h拍照, ImageJ测定划痕面积, 按照公式(2) 计算愈合率。
$ 划痕愈合率 = (初始划痕面积-残存划痕面积)/\\\quad \quad \quad 初始划痕面积×100\% $
Transwell迁移实验  将bEND.3细胞以1×105个/孔接种于24孔板中, 按上述条件培养24 h, 待细胞生长融合后, 建立OGD/R模型, 待复氧结束后, 消化各组细胞并使用完全培养基制成细胞悬液, 调整为3×104个/孔接种于Transwell小室中, 小室下层更换为含20%胎牛血清的完全培养基, 放入细胞培养箱, 24 h后用PBS清洗, 置于多聚甲醛中固定15 min后于0.1%结晶紫中染色30 min。显微镜下观察, 每孔随机选3个视野拍照。用ImageJ图像软件进行计数。
成管实验  Matrigel铺于预冷24孔板, 37 ℃凝固30 min。将bEND.3细胞以2×105个/孔接种至24孔板, 按上述分组建立OGD/R模型, 复氧结束后消化各组细胞, 以2×104个/孔接种于Matrigel上, 培养6 h后显微镜下观察血管形成情况, ImageJ图像软件分析节点数、交叉点数和总长度等参数。
跨内皮电阻(trans epithellal electric resistance, TEER) 检测  将bEND.3细胞以2×104个/孔接种于Transwell小室中, 待TEER值稳定后, 按照上述分组建立OGD/R模型, 检测TEER值观察屏障变化情况。
渗透性实验  将bEND.3细胞以2×104个/孔接种于Transwell小室中, 待TEER值稳定, 按照上述分组建立OGD/R模型。待复氧结束后, 将上室培养基更换为含10 mg·L-1荧光素钠(sodium fluorescein, Na-F) 的培养基, 下室培养基换为无菌D-Hanks溶液。避光孵育1 h后收集下层D-Hanks溶液, 使用荧光酶标仪检测(激发波长485 nm, 发射波长530 nm)。根据公式(3) 计算Na-F表观渗透系数(Papp)。
$\mathrm{P}_{\text {app }}=(\mathrm{d} Q / \mathrm{d} t) /\left(A \times C_0\right) $
其中, dQ/dt为转运时间dt内的药物转运速率(μg·min-1), C0为初始荧光素钠药物质量浓度(µg·mL-1), A为小室单层膜表面积(cm2)。
特征蛋白表达水平  取bEND.3细胞, 以8×105个/孔接种于6孔板中, 按上述分组建立OGD/R模型, 复氧结束后收集细胞, RIPA裂解缓冲液提取总蛋白, BCA法测定蛋白浓度。取等量蛋白样品, 置于金属浴中加热变性。经10% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳, 转至PVDF膜。5%脱脂牛奶中封闭1.5 h, 用1×TBST振摇洗涤, 分别加入ZO-1、occludin、claudin-5、HIF-1α、VEGFA和β-actin抗体, 置于4 ℃冰箱孵育过夜。回收抗体, 1×TBST重复洗涤3次后加入二抗孵育1.5 h。1×TBST重复洗涤3次后滴加BCL曝光工作液, 进行显影, ImageJ分析条带灰度值。
分子对接  从RCSB PDB数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/) 下载获取HIF-1α (PDB: 8HE0) 和VEGFA (PDB: 1MKK) 的3D结构。从CHEMBL (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/) 和HERB (http://herb.ac.cn/) 数据库下载获取目标化合物(12个血中移行成分) 的2D/3D结构, ChemBio 3D软件对化合物进行能量优化后转为mol2格式。用PyMOL 2.4.0 (Schrödinger, Inc., New York, NY, 美国) 软件去除蛋白原配体、水分子及无关离子, AutoDock 4.2.6软件(The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 美国) 分析蛋白质结构, 并进行加氢处理; 使用拉马克遗传算法(Lamarckian genetic algorithm, LGA) 确定最优配体结合方向, AutoDock Vina (The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 美国) 评估小分子与特定靶点蛋白的结合能。
统计学分析  实验数据以x±s表示, GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计分析并绘图; 满足正态分布的两组间数据比较用t检验(student's t test), 满足正态分布的多组间数据比较用单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA)。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
经前期研究[19], 采用全扫描与PRM模式相结合进行数据采集策略, 将所得质谱数据导入Compound Discoverer 3.1软件, 并通过Microsoft Office Access 2021软件将精确质量数与DZSM体外成分及代谢产物质谱数据库进行匹配, 快速识别前体离子, 结合二级质谱裂解规律, 对DZSM在正常大鼠血浆的入血成分进行分析鉴定, 结果如表 1所示。
与对照组相比, bEND.3细胞经DZSM或灯盏花素含药血清处理后, 细胞存活率均无显著变化(P > 0.05), 表明所试浓度含药血清对细胞增殖无明显抑制作用, 无细胞毒性(图 1A)。
采用OGD/R模型可模拟体内缺血再灌注所致的BMECs损伤状态。如图 1B所示, 与对照组相比, 模型组细胞活力显著降低(P < 0.001); 与模型组相比, 空白血清组细胞活力无显著性差异(P > 0.05), 而DZSM与灯盏花素含药血清提取物组细胞活力均显著升高(P < 0.01)。
细胞膜结构因细胞凋亡或坏死而受损后, 细胞质内的酶, 特别是LDH会释放到培养液中, 通过检测从受损细胞质膜中释放出的LDH含量, 即可判断细胞坏死程度[20]。LDH释放检测结果如图 1C显示, 模型组LDH水平显著升高(P < 0.05), 表明细胞受到明显破坏而释放出大量的LDH; 与模型组相比, DZSM及灯盏花素含药血清提取物组LDH水平显著降低(P < 0.01、P < 0.05), 表明两者对OGD/R损伤的内皮细胞具有保护作用, 且DZSM含药血清作用更强。
ROS是反映细胞氧化应激水平的重要指标。过量ROS可引发脂质过氧化、蛋白质损伤与线粒体功能障碍, 破坏细胞结构与功能[21]。采用DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞内ROS水平。共聚焦显微镜观察(图 2A、B) 显示, 与对照组相比, 模型组细胞内ROS荧光强度显著升高(P < 0.001); 与模型组相比, DZSM与灯盏花素含药血清提取物组ROS水平显著降低(P < 0.001), 表明两者均可有效减轻OGD/R所致内皮细胞氧化应激, 且DZSM的作用更优。
细胞凋亡是用FITC标记的Annexin V来检查细胞凋亡时出现在细胞膜表面磷脂酰丝氨酸的一种检测方法。采用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染结合流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果如图 2C、D所示。与对照组相比, 模型组细胞凋亡率显著升高(P < 0.001); 与模型组相比, DZSM与灯盏花素含药血清提取物组细胞凋亡率均显著下降(P < 0.01), 其中DZSM含药血清提取物组效果更优。表明两者均可有效减轻OGD/R诱导的内皮细胞凋亡。
采用划痕实验和Transwell迁移实验分别评估DZSM含药血清对OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞水平及纵向迁移能力的影响。划痕实验结果如图 3A、C所示, 给药36 h后, OGD/R损伤模型组细胞愈合率显著降低(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, DZSM与灯盏花素含药血清提取物细胞愈合率均显著升高(P < 0.01)。迁移实验结果如图 3B、D所示, OGD/R损伤模型组细胞迁移能力较对照组显著下降(P < 0.001); DZSM和灯盏花素含药血清提取物均能有效逆转该损伤效应(P < 0.001)。
基质胶(matrigel matrix) 是一种富含细胞外基质成分(如层黏连蛋白、胶原等) 的胶状物质, 给内皮细胞提供类似体内基底膜的环境, 自发形成管状结构, 模拟体内血管生成的过程[22]。采用Matrigel成管实验评价DZSM含药血清提取物对OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞成管能力的影响, 结果如图 4所示。与对照组相比, OGD/R损伤模型组细胞形成血管网络的交叉点数(P < 0.05)、节点数(P < 0.05)、网络面积(P < 0.05)、分支点数(P < 0.01) 及血管总长度(P < 0.01) 均显著降低, 表明OGD/R损伤显著抑制内皮细胞成管能力。与模型组相比, DZSM及灯盏花素含药血清提取物组的上述指标均显著升高(P < 0.01), 提示两者均有效提升OGD/R损伤所致的内皮细胞成管能力下降。
在Transwell小室中, 电流能通过细胞层和培养基形成通路。细胞屏障受损或通透性增加时, 电阻降低, 细胞电阻仪可通过测量Transwell小室中细胞层的跨膜电阻来评估细胞屏障功能[23]。Na-F是一种小分子荧光染料, 能穿透细胞屏障。当细胞屏障完整时, Na-F渗透量较低; 当细胞屏障受损时, Na-F渗透量较高, 通过检测Na-F渗透量可间接评估细胞屏障的通透性[24]。本研究采用跨上皮电阻(TEER) 和Na-F渗透性实验评价DZSM含药血清提取物对OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞屏障功能的影响。
结果表明(图 5A), 与对照组相比, OGD/R损伤模型组TEER值显著降低(P < 0.001); 与模型组相比, DZSM与灯盏花素含药血清提取物组TEER值均显著升高(P < 0.001)。渗透性实验结果(图 5B) 显示, 模型组Na-F渗透率较对照组显著增加(P < 0.05); 表明OGD/R损伤显著破坏了细胞紧密性, DZSM与灯盏花素含药血清提取物组的渗透率较模型组降低(P < 0.001、P < 0.01)。上述结果表明, OGD/R损伤可显著破坏细胞屏障完整性, 而DZSM及灯盏花素含药血清提取物对其具有明显保护作用, 且DZSM的效果更佳。
紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、occludin和claudin 5) 是血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier, BBB) 的重要组成部分, 通过介导细胞间紧密连接形成, 维持BBB完整性和低通透性[25]。采用Western blot法检测各组bEND.3细胞中ZO-1、occludin和claudin 5蛋白的表达水平, 结果如图 6所示。与对照组相比, OGD/R损伤模型组中ZO-1、occludin和claudin 5蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, DZSM以及灯盏花素含药血清提取物组的上述蛋白表达均明显上调(P < 0.05)。提示DZSM及灯盏花素含药血清可有效逆转OGD/R损伤所致的紧密连接蛋白表达下调, 从而保护内皮细胞屏障功能。
采用Western blot法检测各组bEND.3细胞中HIF-1α和VEGFA蛋白表达, 以β-actin为内参, 结果如图 7所示。与对照组相比, 模型组HIF-1α、VEGFA蛋白相对表达量均显著降低(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, DZSM含药血清组两者表达均显著升高(P < 0.05)。提示DZSM含药血清可通过上调HIF-1α/VEGFA通路蛋白表达, 逆转OGD/R损伤对该通路的抑制作用, 从而促进bEND.3细胞血管新生。
为明确灯盏生脉方血中移行成分调控HIF-1α/VEGFA通路的关键活性成分, 以HIF-1α (PDB ID: 8HE0)、VEGFA (PDB ID: 1MKK) 为对接靶点, 采用分子对接技术模拟12个血中移行成分与靶点的结合模式。结果如表 2所示, 所有成分与HIF-1α、VEGFA靶点的结合能均低于-5 kcal·mol-1, 表明均具有一定的靶点结合活性, 为含药血清发挥整体调控作用的物质基础。其中, 灯盏乙素、3, 5-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸、人参皂苷Rb2的结合能力最强, 结合能均低于-7 kcal·mol-1, 接近甚至优于靶点天然配体(结合能为-7.3~-8.0 kcal·mol-1): 灯盏乙素与HIF-1α、VEGFA的结合能分别为-9.113、-8.914 kcal·mol-1; 3, 5-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸与两个靶点的结合能分别为-8.558、-8.726 kcal·mol-1; 人参皂苷Rb2与两个靶点的结合能分别为-8.710、-8.236 kcal·mol-1。
结合模式可视化分析显示(图 8、9), 上述关键成分与靶点的结合主要依赖氢键和疏水相互作用, 形成稳定的配体-靶点复合物。灯盏乙素的酚羟基可与HIF-1α活性口袋内LYS-753残基形成稳定氢键; 与VEGFA结合时, 其羧基与THR-31、CYS-57残基形成氢键, 疏水基团与LEU-32残基发生疏水相互作用。3, 5-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸的咖啡酰基与HIF-1α的ALA-222、LEU-212残基形成疏水作用, 奎宁酸骨架上的羟基与VEGFA的ASN-62残基形成氢键; 人参皂苷Rb2的糖链通过氢键与活性口袋内极性氨基酸残基结合, 甾体骨架形成疏水作用, 进一步增强稳定性。其余9个入血成分与两靶点的结合能介于-6.445~ -9.085 kcal·mol-1, 结合能力弱于上述3个核心成分, 但可通过协同作用增强整体通路的调控效应, 体现了中药复方“多成分-多靶点”的协同作用特点。
IS是全球致残与致死的重要原因, 其病理过程涉及原发性缺血损伤与缺血再灌注(I/R) 损伤, 以炎症激活、氧化应激加重、神经细胞凋亡及自噬失衡为核心特征, 最终导致BBB破坏、神经元死亡及神经功能缺损。目前临床标准治疗(组织纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓、血管内机械取栓) 存在治疗窗窄、易诱发再灌注损伤等局限[1]。DZSM由灯盏细辛、人参、麦冬、五味子组成, 其胶囊制剂已被国家药品监督管理局批准用于脑卒中后遗症治疗, 是IS二级预防中唯一具有A级循证证据的中成药[7]。
中药复方口服后, 有效成分需经消化道微生物代谢及机体吸收转化, 以血中移行形式到达靶组织发挥药效[26, 27]。本研究采用UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS从DZSM含药血清中鉴定出12个原型入血成分, 推测其为潜在药效物质基础。进一步分析显示, 灯盏乙素、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、五味子醇甲和五味子甲素等成分可在大鼠脑组织匀浆中检测出来(结果未显示), 提示这些成分可能直接作用于中枢靶点。然而, 入血成分的暴露并不等同于直接药理活性。本研究采用分子对接技术对上述成分进行虚拟靶向筛选, 发现灯盏乙素、3, 5-双咖啡酰基奎宁酸及人参皂苷Rb2等与血管新生关键靶点HIF-1α和VEGFA的结合能均低于-7 kcal·mol-1, 接近甚至优于天然配体, 从分子构象层面为这些成分作为潜在活性物质提供了理论依据。
灯盏花素是从灯盏细辛中提纯的黄酮类活性成分, 具有明确的心脑血管保护作用[28, 29], 可改善脑I/R损伤大鼠神经功能、清除氧自由基、促进微血管内皮细胞自噬并抑制氧化损伤和凋亡[30-33]。故本研究选择灯盏花素含药血清作为阳性对照, 以探究DZSM含药血清(包含复杂代谢体系) 在OGD/R损伤bEND.3细胞中对HIF-1α/VEGFA通路的调控及促血管新生作用。
在I/R病理进程中, 内皮细胞凋亡与血管新生高度耦合。OGD/R诱发的ROS爆发可引发脂质过氧化、蛋白变性及DNA损伤, 导致内皮细胞凋亡[34], 从而耗竭参与血管重塑的功能性细胞。本研究发现, DZSM含药血清可显著降低OGD/R诱导的ROS水平升高和细胞凋亡率, 有效保护细胞活力与屏障完整性, 并为后续HIF-1α/VEGFA通路介导的迁移与成管保留充足的细胞底物。其机制可能与激活核因子E2相关因子2 (Nrf2)/抗氧化反应元件(ARE) 通路有关[35]: 人参皂苷类成分可通过磷酸化激活Nrf2, 促进其核转位并启动超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px) 等抗氧化酶的表达, 从而清除过量ROS[36-38]; ROS水平降低进而抑制线粒体凋亡通路, 减少细胞色素C释放及Caspase-3活化, 该过程可能与PI3K/Akt信号通路调控相关[39, 40], 形成抗氧化与抗凋亡的协同保护网络。
HIF-1α是内皮细胞感知缺氧的核心调控因子[41-43]。缺血微环境中, 稳定表达的HIF-1α核转位并激活下游VEGFA转录, 驱动脑微血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移和管腔形成, 对侧支循环建立和缺血半暗带拯救至关重要[44]。在本研究中, DZSM含药血清显著上调OGD/R损伤细胞中HIF-1α和VEGFA蛋白表达, 增强细胞迁移与成管能力, 提示其可能通过抑制脯氨酰羟化酶(PHD) 活性、减少HIF-1α泛素化降解, 从而持续激活VEGF-VEGFR2信号通路[45]。此外, VEGF与Notch信号的交叉对话可精准调控内皮细胞增殖与分化[46, 47], DZSM可能协同激活上述通路以优化血管新生效率。划痕实验、Transwell迁移实验及成管实验分别从二维、三维维度证实了DZSM的促血管新生效应。
BBB由脑微血管内皮细胞单层及ZO-1、occludin、claudin-5等紧密连接蛋白构成, 维持中枢微环境稳态[48, 49]。IS后BBB破坏是核心病理环节, 缺血期及再灌注阶段的氧化应激、炎症反应诱发紧密连接降解, 导致屏障通透性剧增, 引发水肿及出血性转化[50]。本研究发现, DZSM含药血清可显著提升OGD/R损伤细胞的TEER值、降低Na-F渗透性, 并上调ZO-1、occludin和claudin-5蛋白表达, 从功能与分子层面修复屏障完整性。其通过抑制ROS生成、减少凋亡、增强迁移与成管能力, 协同发挥BBB保护作用, 为DZSM临床治疗IS的BBB保护机制提供了实验依据。
综上所述, DZSM含药血清可显著改善OGD/R损伤内皮细胞活力, 抑制氧化应激与凋亡, 增强迁移与成管能力以促进血管新生, 并通过上调紧密连接蛋白表达保护BBB完整性, 调控HIF-1α/VEGFA通路, 发挥血管修复作用。
本研究仍存在若干局限性, IS病理状态下胃肠功能、肝代谢酶活性及BBB通透性可能发生改变, 导致药物吸收与分布特征与正常状态存在差异, 因此, 正常大鼠含药血清与卒中模型大鼠含药血清的化学成分谱可能存在差异; 含药血清成分复杂且批次间可能存在差异, 影响实验可重复性; bEND.3为鼠源永生化细胞, 与人脑内皮细胞存在表型差异, 可能影响临床转化; 后续研究可采用人诱导多能干细胞分化的脑内皮细胞进行验证, 并结合成分敲除/敲入策略及基因编辑技术, 进一步揭示DZSM的作用机制。

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2026年第61卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0202
  • 接收时间:2026-02-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-25
  • 修回日期:2026-05-13
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    1广东药科大学中药学院, 广东 广州 510006
    2数智化中药质量控制广东省工程研究中心, 广东 广州 510006
    3国家中医药管理局中药数字化质量评价技术重点研究室, 广东 广州 510006
    4广东药科大学药学院, 广东 广州 510006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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属
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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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