Article(id=1308842580662645104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308842471539442166, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0117, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1769443200000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-27, revisedDate=1775836800000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981988348, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1786464000000, pubDateStr=2026-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981988348, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981988348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981988348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308842471539442166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='8', pageStart='2821', pageEnd='3220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786464000000', pubDateStr='2026-08-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981962332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984137222, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851593773150481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308842471539442166, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851593773150482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308842471539442166, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3031, endPage=3040, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308842580851388785, articleId=1308842580662645104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Exploring the mechanism of Qijing Mingmu formula for treating conjunctivochalasis based on network pharmacology, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicinal formula Qijing Mingmu (QJMM) in the treatment of conjunctivochalasis (CCH) using network pharmacology and cellular experiments. Effective compounds and action targets of QJMM components were screened using the TCMSP and TCM-ID databases. Disease targets for CCH were obtained from the DisGeNET database, with gene names converted from the UniProt database. The Venny database yielded disease-drug intersection targets, which were input into the STRING database to generate protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, followed by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses. Cytosccape software was employed to construct target networks for core components and therapeutic effects of QJMM, facilitating molecular docking. Conjunctival tissue was obtained from CCH and normal control groups (NC) (ethics approval number: PTEC-A-2024-30-1), subjected to immunohistochemical staining, and cultured as primary conjunctival fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were divided into NC, CCH, CCH+QJMM, and CCH+ nuclear factor κappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) groups. Immunofluorescence staining, cytokine assays, Western blot (WB), and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed on each group. Results showed that 176 active compounds were screened from QJMM, yielding 293 target molecules in total. CCH identified 27 targets, with 12 overlapping targets identified via Venn diagram analysis. The PPI network diagram indicated tumor necrosis factor (TNF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and interleukin (IL)-6 as key targets. GO analysis yielded 91 enriched entries, while KEGG analysis identified 45 related entries and 110 signaling pathways, revealing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed that the core components of CCH exhibited strong binding affinity with the key target NF-κB, indicating potent biological activity. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining demonstrated significantly higher Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κB expression in conjunctival tissues of the CCH group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conjunctival fibroblast experiments confirmed that NF-κB and its upstream factors TLR4 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) exhibited higher protein and mRNA expression in the CCH group than in the NC group. Furthermore, expression of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was significantly elevated compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Following administration of QJMM and PDTC, the expression of NF-κB and its upstream factors TLR4 and MYD88 protein, mRNA and immunofluorescence intensity decreased compared to the CCH group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, QJMM exerts multi-targeted, multi-pathway regulatory effects in treating CCH. Both network pharmacology and experimental studies confirm NF-κB plays a pivotal role in CCH pathogenesis and progression. QJMM effectively treats CCH by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

, authors=Can YANG1, 2, 3, Ni-xia TAO3, Cheng-long YI4, Yi YU1, 3, Bin-xin WANG3, Min-hong XIANG1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Can YANG, Ni-xia TAO, Cheng-long YI, Yi YU, Bin-xin WANG, Min-hong XIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Min-hong XIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308842583950979454, articleId=1308842580662645104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学探讨杞精明目汤治疗结膜松弛症的作用机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用网络药理学和细胞实验探究中药方剂杞精明目汤(Qijing Mingmu, QJMM) 治疗结膜松弛症(conjunctivochalasis, CCH) 的作用机制。采用TCMSP、TCM-ID数据库筛选QJMM各组分有效化合物及作用靶点, DisGeNET数据库得到CCH的疾病靶点, UniProt数据库转换为基因名称。Venny数据库中得到疾病和药物的交集靶点, 并输入STRING数据库得到PPI网络图, 行GO分析及KEGG分析。利用Cytoscape软件构建QJMM核心成分及治疗作用的靶点网络图, 进行分子对接。获取CCH和正常对照组(NC组) 的结膜组织(伦理批准号: PTEC-A-2024-30-1), 行免疫组化染色及结膜成纤维细胞原代培养。成纤维细胞分为NC组、CCH组、CCH+QJMM组、CCH+核转录因子-κB (nuclear factor κ B, NF-κB) 抑制剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, PDTC) 组, 分别行免疫荧光染色、细胞因子检测、Western blot及qRT-PCR检测。结果显示, 从QJMM中筛选出176个有效化合物, 汇总后靶点293个, CCH获得靶点27个, 通过韦恩图得到交集靶点12个。PPI网络图显示肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase, MMP)-2、MMP-9、白介素因子(interleukin, IL)-6为关键靶点。GO分析富集条目91条, KEGG分析得到相关条目45条, 信号通路110条, 并发现NF-κB信号通路。通过分子对接发现QJMM核心成分与核心靶点NF-κB结合紧密, 发挥作用强。随后通过免疫组化染色发现, CCH组结膜组织中Toll样受体4 (Toll-like receptor4, TLR4) 及NF-κB表达量均显著高于NC组(P < 0.05)。细胞实验证实, CCH组中NF-κB及其上游因子TLR4、髓样分化因子88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88, MYD88) 蛋白和mRNA的表达均高于NC组, 其下游炎性细胞因子IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α表达量显著高于正常组(P < 0.05)。而加入QJMM和PDTC后, NF-κB及其上游因子TLR4、MYD88的蛋白、mRNA及免疫荧光强度的表达较CCH组均下降(P < 0.05)。综上所述, QJMM治疗CCH具有多靶点、多途径的调控作用, 网络药理学及实验研究均证实NF-κB在CCH的发生发展中发挥重要作用, 而QJMM通过抑制NF-κB信号通路可有效治疗CCH。

, authors=杨灿1, 2, 3, 陶霓霞3, 夷成龙4, 余意1, 3, 王彬心3, 项敏泓1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=杨灿, 陶霓霞, 夷成龙, 余意, 王彬心, 项敏泓, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=项敏泓, authorNote=

作者贡献:

杨灿为本研究的主要完成人和论文撰写者; 项敏泓设计实验方案并提供资金支持; 陶霓霞、夷成龙参与细胞实验; 余意参与部分数据分析工作; 王彬心进行实验组织的收集和细胞培养。

, correspAuthorsNote=
项敏泓, E-mail:
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GenePrimer sequence (5'→3')
ACTINF: CTCGCCTTTGCCGATCC
R: ATCCTTCTGACCCATGCCC
NF-κBF: TTTTCGACTACGCGGTGACA
R: GTTACCCAAGCGGTCCAGAA
MYD88F: GTCTCCTCCACATCCTCCCT
R: GGAGAGAGGCTGAGTGCAAA
TLR4F: GATTGCTCAGACCTGGCAGT
R: TGTTGCTTCCTGCCAATTGC
), ArticleFig(id=1308842589487460805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308842580662645104, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences. NF-κB: Nuclear factor κ B; MYD88: Myeloid differentiation primary response 88; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5'→3')
ACTINF: CTCGCCTTTGCCGATCC
R: ATCCTTCTGACCCATGCCC
NF-κBF: TTTTCGACTACGCGGTGACA
R: GTTACCCAAGCGGTCCAGAA
MYD88F: GTCTCCTCCACATCCTCCCT
R: GGAGAGAGGCTGAGTGCAAA
TLR4F: GATTGCTCAGACCTGGCAGT
R: TGTTGCTTCCTGCCAATTGC
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CompoundNF-κBTNFMMP-2MMP-9IL-17
Quercetin-6.32-6.23-6.41-6.54-6.85
Beta-sitosterol-8.60-10.01-5.64-9.38-8.99
Kaempferol-6.65-6.72-5.79-7.20-7.17
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Docking results of core components and core targets of QJMM (kcal·mol-1). TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; IL: Interleukin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CompoundNF-κBTNFMMP-2MMP-9IL-17
Quercetin-6.32-6.23-6.41-6.54-6.85
Beta-sitosterol-8.60-10.01-5.64-9.38-8.99
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基于网络药理学探讨杞精明目汤治疗结膜松弛症的作用机制
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杨灿 1, 2, 3 , 陶霓霞 3 , 夷成龙 4 , 余意 1, 3 , 王彬心 3 , 项敏泓 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(8): 3031-3040
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (8) : 3031 -3040
基于网络药理学探讨杞精明目汤治疗结膜松弛症的作用机制
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2The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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2安徽医科大学第五临床医学院, 安徽 合肥 230032
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杨灿1, 2, 3, 陶霓霞3, 夷成龙4, 余意1, 3, 王彬心3, 项敏泓1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽医科大学上海普陀中心临床学院眼科, 上海 200062
  • 2安徽医科大学第五临床医学院, 安徽 合肥 230032
  • 3上海中医药大学附属普陀医院眼科, 上海 200062
  • 4上海中医药大学附属普陀医院动物实验中心, 上海 200062
通讯作者:
项敏泓, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

杨灿为本研究的主要完成人和论文撰写者; 项敏泓设计实验方案并提供资金支持; 陶霓霞、夷成龙参与细胞实验; 余意参与部分数据分析工作; 王彬心进行实验组织的收集和细胞培养。

Exploring the mechanism of Qijing Mingmu formula for treating conjunctivochalasis based on network pharmacology
Can YANG1, 2, 3, Ni-xia TAO3, Cheng-long YI4, Yi YU1, 3, Bin-xin WANG3, Min-hong XIANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • 2The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
  • 3Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
  • 4Animal Experiment Center, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
出版时间: 2026-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0117
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利用网络药理学和细胞实验探究中药方剂杞精明目汤(Qijing Mingmu, QJMM) 治疗结膜松弛症(conjunctivochalasis, CCH) 的作用机制。采用TCMSP、TCM-ID数据库筛选QJMM各组分有效化合物及作用靶点, DisGeNET数据库得到CCH的疾病靶点, UniProt数据库转换为基因名称。Venny数据库中得到疾病和药物的交集靶点, 并输入STRING数据库得到PPI网络图, 行GO分析及KEGG分析。利用Cytoscape软件构建QJMM核心成分及治疗作用的靶点网络图, 进行分子对接。获取CCH和正常对照组(NC组) 的结膜组织(伦理批准号: PTEC-A-2024-30-1), 行免疫组化染色及结膜成纤维细胞原代培养。成纤维细胞分为NC组、CCH组、CCH+QJMM组、CCH+核转录因子-κB (nuclear factor κ B, NF-κB) 抑制剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, PDTC) 组, 分别行免疫荧光染色、细胞因子检测、Western blot及qRT-PCR检测。结果显示, 从QJMM中筛选出176个有效化合物, 汇总后靶点293个, CCH获得靶点27个, 通过韦恩图得到交集靶点12个。PPI网络图显示肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase, MMP)-2、MMP-9、白介素因子(interleukin, IL)-6为关键靶点。GO分析富集条目91条, KEGG分析得到相关条目45条, 信号通路110条, 并发现NF-κB信号通路。通过分子对接发现QJMM核心成分与核心靶点NF-κB结合紧密, 发挥作用强。随后通过免疫组化染色发现, CCH组结膜组织中Toll样受体4 (Toll-like receptor4, TLR4) 及NF-κB表达量均显著高于NC组(P < 0.05)。细胞实验证实, CCH组中NF-κB及其上游因子TLR4、髓样分化因子88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88, MYD88) 蛋白和mRNA的表达均高于NC组, 其下游炎性细胞因子IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α表达量显著高于正常组(P < 0.05)。而加入QJMM和PDTC后, NF-κB及其上游因子TLR4、MYD88的蛋白、mRNA及免疫荧光强度的表达较CCH组均下降(P < 0.05)。综上所述, QJMM治疗CCH具有多靶点、多途径的调控作用, 网络药理学及实验研究均证实NF-κB在CCH的发生发展中发挥重要作用, 而QJMM通过抑制NF-κB信号通路可有效治疗CCH。

杞精明目汤  /  结膜松弛症  /  网络药理学  /  结膜成纤维细胞  /  NF-κB

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicinal formula Qijing Mingmu (QJMM) in the treatment of conjunctivochalasis (CCH) using network pharmacology and cellular experiments. Effective compounds and action targets of QJMM components were screened using the TCMSP and TCM-ID databases. Disease targets for CCH were obtained from the DisGeNET database, with gene names converted from the UniProt database. The Venny database yielded disease-drug intersection targets, which were input into the STRING database to generate protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, followed by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses. Cytosccape software was employed to construct target networks for core components and therapeutic effects of QJMM, facilitating molecular docking. Conjunctival tissue was obtained from CCH and normal control groups (NC) (ethics approval number: PTEC-A-2024-30-1), subjected to immunohistochemical staining, and cultured as primary conjunctival fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were divided into NC, CCH, CCH+QJMM, and CCH+ nuclear factor κappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) groups. Immunofluorescence staining, cytokine assays, Western blot (WB), and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed on each group. Results showed that 176 active compounds were screened from QJMM, yielding 293 target molecules in total. CCH identified 27 targets, with 12 overlapping targets identified via Venn diagram analysis. The PPI network diagram indicated tumor necrosis factor (TNF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and interleukin (IL)-6 as key targets. GO analysis yielded 91 enriched entries, while KEGG analysis identified 45 related entries and 110 signaling pathways, revealing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed that the core components of CCH exhibited strong binding affinity with the key target NF-κB, indicating potent biological activity. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining demonstrated significantly higher Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κB expression in conjunctival tissues of the CCH group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conjunctival fibroblast experiments confirmed that NF-κB and its upstream factors TLR4 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) exhibited higher protein and mRNA expression in the CCH group than in the NC group. Furthermore, expression of downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was significantly elevated compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Following administration of QJMM and PDTC, the expression of NF-κB and its upstream factors TLR4 and MYD88 protein, mRNA and immunofluorescence intensity decreased compared to the CCH group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, QJMM exerts multi-targeted, multi-pathway regulatory effects in treating CCH. Both network pharmacology and experimental studies confirm NF-κB plays a pivotal role in CCH pathogenesis and progression. QJMM effectively treats CCH by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Qijing Mingmu formula  /  conjunctivochalasis  /  network pharmacology  /  conjunctival fibroblast  /  NF-κB
杨灿, 陶霓霞, 夷成龙, 余意, 王彬心, 项敏泓. 基于网络药理学探讨杞精明目汤治疗结膜松弛症的作用机制. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (8) : 3031 -3040 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0117
Can YANG, Ni-xia TAO, Cheng-long YI, Yi YU, Bin-xin WANG, Min-hong XIANG. Exploring the mechanism of Qijing Mingmu formula for treating conjunctivochalasis based on network pharmacology[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (8) : 3031 -3040 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0117
结膜松弛症(conjunctivochalasis, CCH) 是眼科门诊的常见病, 以眼部干涩、异物感、泪溢等为主要临床表现[1]。其治疗手段主要是手术和药物, 手术包括新月形切除松弛结膜组织[2]、双极电凝治疗术[3]等, 但手术创伤大、恢复较慢, 而局部眼液治疗往往效果不佳。祖国医学博大精深, 中药方剂杞精明目汤(Qijing Mingmu, QJMM) 治疗CCH取得较好临床疗效, 可滋补肝肾、养阴生津并改善泪膜稳定性、促进泪液分泌[4, 5]。研究还发现QJMM可下调p38 MAPK通路减轻CCH结膜成纤维细胞的衰老[6], 并抑制辅助性T细胞17 (T helper 17 cell, Th17) 分化调节免疫反应, 从而治疗CCH[7]。然而鉴于中药的多靶点特性, 故深入探讨QJMM治疗CCH的作用机制显得尤为重要。
网络药理学是一门新兴的技术, 运用该技术可反映化合物与疾病靶点之间复杂的相互作用[8], 已成功应用于中医药相关领域研究, 包括治疗机制的阐明、新药理作用的预测和潜在毒性成分的筛选等[9]。基于此, 本研究首先利用网络药理学探讨QJMM对CCH的作用机制及其可能的生物学效应, 并通过细胞实验进一步验证, 以期为CCH的有效治疗提供靶点。
网络药理学数据库  网络药理学应用的数据库包括TCMSP、TCM-ID、DisGeNET、UniProt、Venny2.1.0、DAVID、STRING及京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG) 数据库。
杞精明目汤的中药成分化合物收集和筛选  TCMSP、TCM-ID数据库是独立的中草药系统药理学平台, 可捕捉药物靶点和疾病之间的关系[10]。在TCMSP数据库中通过设置化合物的药代动力学性质筛选得到中药的有效化合物成分, 分别输入QJMM中枸杞子、黄精、麦冬、茯苓、炙甘草、川芎、墨旱莲[11], 得到中药的有效化合物及其对应靶点。
CCH疾病靶点收集及基因名称转换  DisGeNET是一个多功能平台, 可用于不同研究目的, 包括特定的人类疾病分子基础及并发症的研究, 获得疾病的靶点基因。UniProt知识库提供全面、高质量访问的一套蛋白质序列注释功能信息, 获得基因名称行后续探究。
Venny2.1.0数据库得到疾病与药物的交集靶点  将QJMM的靶点基因和CCH的疾病靶点基因分别输入Venny数据库, 明确两者的交集基因靶点。
蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction, PPI) 网络的构建  为阐明基因水平上QJMM的有效化合物对CCH发挥作用的靶点, 将交集基因输入STRING数据库得到PPI, 再将得到的数据输入Cytoscape软件获取可视化的PPI网络图, 通过度值排序筛选出排名靠前的靶点基因。
功能富集分析  根据基因本体(gene ontology, GO) 分析和KEGG分析对基因进行分类, 将具有相似功能的基因组合并与生物学表型关联。GO分析侧重于单个基因的功能, 而KEGG分析侧重生物体系统中基因之间的相互作用。GO分析包括生物学功能(biological process, BP)、细胞组分(cellular component, CC) 和分子功能(molecular function, MF)。在DAVID数据库中输入基因名称得到相关数据, 利用微生信网站得到气泡图, 输入KEGG数据库中得到信号通路图。
构建杞精明目汤核心成分-作用靶点网络图  将筛选出的核心药物活性成分与相对应治疗靶点导入Cytoscape软件, 根据degree排名确定QJMM中发挥作用的核心成分, 绘制QJMM核心成分-治疗作用靶点网络图。
分子对接  将得到的QJMM成分中排名靠前的核心成分与核心靶点进行分子对接分析。TCMSP数据库中获取核心成分的MOL2格式结构, PDB数据库中找到核心靶点的3D结构。利用AutoDockTool-1.5.7软件对蛋白质靶点进行去水加氢, 对小分子药物成分进行加氢处理, 分析结合能并选取结合能最小的对接部分, 通过obgui和pyMOL软件对其进行可视化处理。
实验药物与试剂  QJMM由枸杞子15 g、黄精20 g、麦冬20 g、茯苓10 g、炙甘草3 g、旱莲草15 g、川芎3 g组成, 颗粒剂配比同草药换算配比, 购于江阴天江药业有限公司(批号: 2302303)。胎牛血清、DMEM细胞培养基、0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA溶液、青霉素-链霉素溶液(货号: 10099-141C、C11995500BT、25200-072、15140122, 美国Gibco公司); 成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor supplement, FGS, 货号: 2352, 美国Sciencell公司); 冻存液(货号: CELLBANKER2, 日本ZENOAQ公司); PBS缓冲液、4%多聚甲醛固定液(货号: BL302A、BL539A, Biosharp公司); EZ-press RNA Purification Kit、4× EZscript Reverse Transcription Mix Ⅱ、2× SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (货号: B0004DP、EZB-RT2GQ、A0001-R2, 美国EZBioscience公司); Alexa Fluor 488标记山羊抗兔IgG (H+L) 二抗、DEPC水、免疫染色通透液(Triton X-100)、山羊血清、抗荧光淬灭封片液(货号A503、R0022、P0096、C0265、P0131, 上海碧云天生物科技有限公司); 白介素因子(interleukin, IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)-α试剂盒(北京热景生物科技有限公司); NF-κB抑制剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(货号: HY-18738, 美国MCE公司)。核转录因子-κB (nuclear factor κ B, NF-κB) 抗体、髓样分化因子88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88, MYD88) 抗体(货号: ab32536、ab133739, 美国Abcam公司); Toll样受体4 (Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4) 抗体(货号: 19811-1-AP, 美国ProteinTech公司)。β-actin、NF-κB、TLR4、MYD88引物(货号: H510001-0002, 上海生工公司)。
实验仪器  共聚焦显微镜(德国Zeiss公司); 倒置荧光显微镜、水浴锅(美国Leica公司); 倒置光学显微镜(日本Olympus公司); 超净工作台(苏净安泰公司); CO2细胞培养箱、超低温冰箱、高速冷冻离心机、离心机(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 掌上离心机(上海碧云天生物科技有限公司); 涡旋混合器(上海泸西仪器厂); 移液器(德国Eppendorf公司); 实时荧光定量PCR仪(美国ABI公司); 高精确电子分析天平(德国Sartorious公司); 电泳仪、转膜仪、化学发光分析系统仪(美国BIO-RAD); 全自动免疫分析仪(北京热景生物科技有限公司)。
结膜组织获取及原代细胞培养  收集2024年9月至2025年1月上海中医药大学附属普陀医院眼科确诊为CCH的III级[12]且符合手术指征的CCH患者6例6眼, 年龄为65~85岁(平均75.34 ± 9.21岁), 由同一术者行松弛结膜新月形切除术; 正常对照(normal control, NC) 组为确诊白内障但无CCH共6例6眼, 年龄为63~87岁(平均73.26 ± 8.65岁), 在白内障术中取正常的球结膜组织。本研究已获得医院伦理委员会批准(PTEC-A-2024-30-1), 所有患者均签署知情同意书。结膜成纤维细胞采用组织块贴壁法, 将术中获取的结膜组织贴壁于培养皿, 用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基(含1%生长因子和1%青霉素-链霉素) 在37 ℃、5% CO2环境下培养, 隔天换液, 取4~6代细胞用于后续实验。
免疫组织化学染色  取下的结膜组织经10%福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋后切片, 脱蜡水化。进行热诱导抗原修复, 阻断内源性过氧化物酶。滴加NF-κB、TLR4一抗4 ℃孵育过夜, 二抗室温孵育30 min。DAB显色, 苏木素复染核, 梯度乙醇脱水, 二甲苯透明, 中性树胶封片。阳性结果为棕黄色颗粒, ImageJ分析软件行半定量分析并统计。
实验分组及给药  利用细胞贴壁法培养NC组和CCH组细胞, 培养的CCH结膜成纤维细胞随机分为3组: CCH组; CCH+QJMM组(QJMM颗粒剂溶于无血清DMEM培养基, 配制成溶液后经0.22 μm滤膜除菌, 并加入培养体系使终浓度为1.61 g·L-1); CCH+PDTC组(PDTC溶于无菌超纯水配制成储备液, 并以DMEM培养基稀释至终浓度20 μmol·L-1, 作为阳性对照)。各组细胞于同一时间点分别给予相应药物或抑制剂干预, CCH对照组则以等体积无血清DMEM培养基处理。孵育24 h后, 收集细胞总蛋白、总RNA及上清液, 或通过免疫荧光标记进行后续检测验证。
免疫荧光染色  结膜成纤维细胞接种于24孔板培养至融合度达80%, 40 g·L-1多聚甲醛固定, 0.5% Triton X-100细胞通透, 10%山羊血清行细胞封闭, 特异性一抗(NF-κB、MYD88) 4 ℃下孵育过夜后, 使用荧光标记的二抗室温下孵育1 h, DAPI染色, 共聚焦显微镜下观察并拍照记录, 采用ImageJ软件进行半定量分析。
结膜成纤维细胞中细胞因子检测  收集培养的结膜成纤维细胞于4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 取细胞上清液, 采用双抗体夹心磁微粒化学发光法检测IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α。将样本与抗体包被磁性粒子及酶标抗体反应形成夹心状免疫复合物, 磁分离洗涤后加入发光底物, 全自动分析仪检测细胞因子浓度。
Western blot检测  检测各组结膜成纤维细胞中NF-κB、TLR4、MYD88蛋白的表达水平。BCA法检测蛋白浓度, SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离蛋白并转至PVDF膜上。室温封闭后4 ℃孵育NF-κB、TLR4、MYD88一抗过夜, 二抗室温孵育对应的一抗, 以GAPDH为内参, 采用ImageJ软件进行半定量分析。
qRT-PCR检测  提取各组细胞中的总RNA, 测定浓度及纯度, 按照Hifair® Ⅱ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit说明书步骤, 将总RNA反转录成cDNA, 然后以cDNA作为模板, β-actin作为内参, 行PCR扩增。PCR结束后, 采用2-∆∆Ct法分析结果, 计算相对表达量。引物序列见表1。
统计学分析  采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析, 所有变量以均值±标准差表示, 满足正态分布, 两组间比较采用t检验, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。显著性水平设定α = 0.05, 以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
TCMSP和TCM-ID数据库收集中药的有效成分及作用靶点, 筛选出QJMM共176个有效化合物, 预测靶点811个; 其中墨旱莲184个、川芎30个、黄精90个、枸杞子207个、茯苓25个、甘草238个、麦冬37个。去除重复靶点, 汇总后获得QJMM靶点293个。
通过DisGeNET数据库收集CCH的疾病靶点, 得到27个靶点, 分别是基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase, MMP)-9、MMP-3、IL-6、MMP-1、细胞间黏附分子-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1)、CXCL-8、TIMP-2、TNF、CCNB-1、S100A8、GSTP-1、CCNB-2、AGT、CALML-6、IL-1β、MMP-2、PLAU、TIMP-1、PRDX-5、S100A4、PTGER4、TNFAIP6、FBLN5、BUB1、CENPA、IL-23A、IL-17A。
将筛选到的293个QJMM有效成分的作用靶点及与疾病有关的27个靶点输入Venny数据库, 获得交集靶点12个, 分别是GSTP-1、TNF、MMP-1、ICAM-1、MMP-3、PLAU、MMP-2、MMP-9、IL-6、IL-1β、CXCL-8、CCNB-1。
STRING数据库中输入Venny数据库获得的交集基因, 得到蛋白质之间相互作用图并输入Cytoscape软件, 使所得数据更加可视化。PPI网络图中共12个节点(靶点蛋白)、100条白边(蛋白相互作用), 节点及字体越大表示该节点度值越大。其中TNF、MMP-2、MMP-9、IL-6靶点蛋白度值排名靠前, 为关键靶点。
将QJMM治疗CCH的潜在靶点输入DAVID数据库行GO分析, 共富集条目91条(P < 0.05)。其中BP条目78条, 主要富集在紫外线、细胞外基质分解、细胞外基质、胶原蛋白分解代谢、血管内皮生长因子产生等方面; CC条目6条, 主要富集在细胞外空间、细胞外基质、质膜外侧等部位; MF涉及条目7条, 主要富集在内切蛋白酶活力、金属内肽酶活力、金属蛋白酶活力、肽酶活力、细胞活素活力等方面。根据P值由低到高排序, 取BP的10条、CC的6条、MF的7条做出气泡图, 将GO分析可视化(图1)。
对QJMM治疗CCH的潜在靶点进行KEGG分析, 在DAVID数据库富集得到有关条目45条, 取前20条作通路富集气泡图(图2), 发现IL-17信号通路、动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤坏死因子信号通路、NF-κB信号通路等。在KEGG数据库中筛选得到110条相关信号通路, 同样发现NF-κB信号通路显著富集。该通路作为调节炎症的关键枢纽, 可能介导了QJMM对CCH眼表慢性炎症的抑制作用, 具有研究价值。
将所有核心成分与靶点进行分析, 根据degree值排名筛选出排名前5位核心成分, 分别是槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚、木犀草素、柚皮素。所筛选的核心成分与靶点构建网络图, 该网络图形成节点181个、284条边, 连线代表各成分之间的联系, 连线越多说明关联性越强(图3)。
对筛选出的核心成分槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚与核心靶点MMP-9、NF-κB、IL-17、TNF、MMP-2进行分子对接, 发现结合能均 < -5.00 kcal·mol-1, 表明两者结合较好, 发挥作用的可能性越强, 结果准确率越高(表2, 图4)。
免疫组织化学染色显示, TLR4和NF-κB的阳性表达以棕黄色颗粒为特征, 主要分布在结膜上皮细胞层和基质层中[13]。与NC组相比, CCH组中标志物的分布范围显著扩大, 染色强度增加。且其相对阳性率明显升高(P < 0.05, 图5A), 表明TLR4和NF-κB在CCH组织中呈高表达状态。
Western blot实验证实, CCH组中NF-κB及上游因子TLR4及MYD88蛋白的表达量显著高于NC组(P < 0.01, 图5B), qRT-PCR实验也证实CCH组中NF-κB及上游因子TLR4及MYD88的mRNA表达量均显著高于NC组(P < 0.01, 图5C)。
检测CCH组和NC组结膜成纤维细胞上清液中的炎性细胞因子发现, CCH组中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达量显著高于NC组(P < 0.000 1, 图5D), 进一步证实网络药理学的结果即NF-κB信号通路的下游炎性细胞因子在CCH中高表达。
为进一步验证QJMM通过NF-κB信号通路治疗CCH的机制, 对NF-κB及其上游因子(MYD88) 进行深入研究。细胞免疫荧光染色显示, 与CCH组相比, CCH结膜成纤维细胞中加入QJMM及PDTC, 发现CCH+QJMM组和CCH+PDTC组中NF-κB免疫荧光表达呈显著下降趋势(P < 0.01), 但组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05); 同时, CCH+QJMM组和CCH+PDTC组中MYD88的免疫荧光强度均显著降低(P < 0.05), 且CCH+PDTC组荧光强度下降更为明显(P < 0.01, 图6A~D)。可见, 中药QJMM和PDTC均可下调NF-κB信号通路的表达, 而发挥治疗CCH的作用。
通过Western blot观察NF-κB通路相关蛋白的表达, 结果发现, 与CCH组相比, QJMM可显著下调TLR4、MYD88及NF-κB蛋白的表达(P < 0.01); 同时, PDTC同样引起了相关蛋白的表达下降(P < 0.01, 图6E~H)。提示QJMM可下调NF-κB信号通路的表达, 从而发挥治疗CCH的作用。
qRT-PCR发现, CCH+QJMM组中TLR4、MYD88、NF-κB的mRNA表达量较CCH组均显著降低(P < 0.001)。CCH+PDTC组NF-κB、TLR4、MYD88的mRNA较CCH组表达量也显著下降(P < 0.05); 且加入QJMM后的TLR4、NF-κB下降幅度更大(P < 0.05), 而MYD88在PDTC组下降幅度更大(P < 0.01, 图6I~K)。
CCH在老年人群中患病率高[14], 也是眼科门诊常见的眼表疾病[15], 多项研究证实眼部生理性老化与CCH的发生密切相关[16-18]。CCH属于泪液动力学异常型干眼, 患者泪液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的含量较正常组显著增高[19], 同时其血清和细胞上清液中IL-17和ICAM-1与CCH的发病程度呈正相关[7], 这些炎症因子的显著增高表明CCH可能与炎症密切相关。研究认为, 衰老个体相对于正常个体的慢性促炎症反应显著升高[20], 而CCH的核心病理机制正是炎症导致的基质降解和细胞衰老[21]。自拟方剂QJMM可使CCH患者泪膜稳定性和泪液分泌增加、促进眼表组织修复等[22], 但其具体分子机制尚待研究。
本研究利用网络药理学多种数据库整合分析, 预测了作用靶点、基因间的相互作用和富集功能通路, 对QJMM与CCH的共同靶点进行筛选与分析, 初步识别出核心节点, 为后续实验验证提供了理论依据。首先通过数据库TCMSP和TCM-ID得到QJMM各中药的有效成分及靶点, DisGeNET数据库得到CCH的疾病靶点, 输入Venny数据库中可知QJMM治疗CCH涉及的核心基因为GSTP-1、TNF、MMP-1、ICAM-1、MMP-3等12个靶点。这些基因在细胞对长波紫外线、细胞外基质分解、细胞外空间、胶原蛋白分解代谢等方面发挥作用。PPI网络图中可见, 靶点之间存在多种交互作用, 按照度值排名筛选出的重要靶点分别是TNF、MMP-2、MMP-9及IL-6等。KEGG分析显示, QJMM治疗CCH涉及的信号通路共110条, DAVID数据库筛选出NF-κB、IL-17、动脉粥样硬化等信号通路。而此前关于CCH信号通路的研究主要涉及p38 MAPK[6]、JNK、ERK等通路[23], NF-κB的激活驱动衰老相关分泌表型的释放, 这些因子反过来持续激活p38 MAPK, 从而加重细胞衰老[24, 25]。
为进一步验证网络药理学的结果, 本研究通过组织标本检测和细胞实验进一步验证NF-κB信号通路是否介导QJMM治疗CCH的过程。根据网络药理学筛选出NF-κB信号通路的上游因子为TLR4、MYD88, 同时相关研究也提示TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB信号通路在干眼的治疗中发挥重要作用[13, 26, 27]。TLR4通过MYD88依赖性途径激活NF-κB信号转导, 进而转录调控并促进下游促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α的合成与分泌[28]。验证实验首先通过球结膜组织的免疫组织化学染色, 发现CCH组的NF-κB及其上游的TLR4的表达量显著高于NC对照组。其后通过Western blot及qRT-PCR均提示CCH成纤维细胞中NF-κB及其上游因子(TLR4、MYD88) 的表达均显著高于NC组, 且其下游的炎性细胞因子(IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α) 的表达量显著高于NC组(P < 0.05)。该结果与既往关于干眼的研究一致, 如干眼患者结膜上皮细胞中NF-κB的表达较正常组明显增强, 且其凋亡指数与NF-κB表达呈正相关[29]。
构建的“药物核心成分-治疗作用靶点网络图”筛选出QJMM中排名前三的核心成分为槲皮素、β-谷甾醇及山柰酚, 将核心成分和靶点进行分子对接, 发现两者之间结合能力较强。其中槲皮素具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等作用[30], 并可降低NF-κB信号通路上游因子的表达, 下调其下游炎症因子的释放[31]。β-谷甾醇是植物甾醇中最具代表的一种, 具有天然生物活性, 发挥抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、降脂及抗肿瘤等作用[32], 可通过抑制NF-κB信号通路, 发挥抗氧化、抗炎等作用, 保护细胞免受炎症和氧化应激带来的损伤[33]。山柰酚是一种天然黄酮类化合物, 具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化等药理学特性[34], 可靶向抑制NF-κB通路发挥抗炎作用[35], 在干眼症、青光眼等眼科疾病的治疗中发挥作用[36]。既往研究发现QJMM可降低成纤维细胞中p38的表达及活性氧水平, 促进细胞增殖抑制衰老[6]。QJMM还抑制Th17细胞分化并减少IL-17A的分泌, 而IL-17A是NF-κB的强效激活剂[7, 37]。推测QJMM减轻Th17细胞免疫攻击的同时, 阻断NF-κB响应, 从而多靶点治疗CCH。
前期临床研究已证实QJMM可有效改善CCH的症状和体征[7], 通过本研究挖掘出QJMM的核心成分槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚等均已证实可抑制NF-κB相关通路的表达[31, 33, 35, 36]。因此, 本研究通过细胞实验进一步验证, 在培养的CCH成纤维细胞中分别加入QJMM和PDTC干预, 免疫荧光显示干预后NF-κB及其上游分子MYD88表达显著下降(P < 0.05); Western blot、qRT-PCR均证实干预后CCH成纤维细胞中NF-κB及其上游分子TLR4、MYD88蛋白和基因的表达量均显著降低(P < 0.05), 证明QJMM可能通过下调NF-κB相关信号通路的表达发挥治疗CCH的作用。
综上, 本研究通过网络药理学发现中药方剂QJMM治疗CCH具有多靶点、多途径的调控作用, 并筛选出NF-κB信号通路与QJMM的作用靶点相关, 通过分子对接及实验研究进一步证实该信号通路与CCH的发生、发展密切相关, 为中药QJMM治疗CCH提供可靠的理论和实验依据。

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2026年第61卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0117
  • 接收时间:2026-01-27
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-27
  • 修回日期:2026-04-11
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    1安徽医科大学上海普陀中心临床学院眼科, 上海 200062
    2安徽医科大学第五临床医学院, 安徽 合肥 230032
    3上海中医药大学附属普陀医院眼科, 上海 200062
    4上海中医药大学附属普陀医院动物实验中心, 上海 200062

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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