Article(id=1308841981653123409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0160, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770134400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-04, revisedDate=1779206400000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981845534, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1783785600000, pubDateStr=2026-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981845534, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981845534, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981845534, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841897058198067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='7', pageStart='2377', pageEnd='2820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783785600000', pubDateStr='2026-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981825365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984154811, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2603, endPage=2610, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841981883810130, articleId=1308841981653123409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Studies on the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived fungus Verticillium sp. SN-1, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Verticillium-derived secondary metabolites have demonstrated promising biological activities, including antibacterial, antitumor, and antimalarial effects. To further explore the chemical diversity and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites from the genus Verticillium, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from the fermentation broth of the fungal strain Verticillium sp. SN-1 isolated from Daya Bay, Guangdong Province, China and to evaluate their antibacterial activities. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the crude extract of Verticillium sp. SN-1 using a combination of chromatographic techniques, including normal-phase silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their chemical structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). Based on spectral data interpretation, the compounds were identified as cytosporone G (1), verticillpyrone A (2), methyl 1, 5-dihydroxy-3-methylxanthone-6-carboxylate (3), acremonidin E (4), acremonoxide (5), alternethanoxin A (6), janthinone (7), 3-deoxy-methylsulochrin (8), astrophenone (9), acremoxanthone F (10), acremoxanthone C (11), acremoxanthone B (12), and acremonidin G (13). Among these isolates, compounds 1 and 2 were characterized as new compounds, while compounds 3-13 were known secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to established protocols. The results showed that compounds 4 and 10-13 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 32, 16, 32, 8, and 8 μg·mL-1, respectively. Additionally, compounds 11-13 displayed inhibitory activities against Enterococcus faecalis, with corresponding MIC values of 32, 32, and 8 μg·mL-1.

, authors=Yan-liang QU1, Yong-zheng LIU1, Mei-fang PAN2, Le ZHOU2, *, Jian HUANG1, *, authorsList=Yan-liang QU, Yong-zheng LIU, Mei-fang PAN, Le ZHOU, Jian HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Le ZHOU, Jian HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841982852694363, articleId=1308841981653123409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=一株海洋来源真菌Verticillium sp. SN-1的次级代谢产物研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

轮枝孢属的次级代谢产物在抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗疟活性等方面有很好的活性, 为了对轮枝孢属次生代谢产物进一步的挖掘, 从而对中国广东大亚湾真菌Verticillium sp. SN-1发酵液中次生代谢产物进行分离鉴定, 并探究其抗菌活性。采用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS色谱及半制备液相等色谱分离技术, 从Verticillium sp. SN-1的提取物中分离得到13个化合物。通过核磁、紫外及质谱等方法鉴定化合物结构, 分别为cytosporone G (1)、verticillpyrone A (2)、1, 5-二羟基-3-甲基呫吨酮-6-羧酸甲酯(3)、acremonidin E (4)、acremonoxide (5)、alternethanoxin A (6)、janthinone (7)、3-去氧-甲基硫赭曲菌素(8)、astrophenone (9)、acremoxanthone F (10)、acremoxanthone C (11)、acremoxanthone B (12)、acremonidin G (13)。其中化合物1和2为新化合物, 3~13为已知化合物。采用肉汤微量稀释法评价化合物的抗菌活性, 结果发现化合物4及10~13对耐甲氧西林金葡菌有一定的抑制作用, 最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 分别为32、16、32、8、8 μg·mL-1; 化合物11~13对粪肠球菌有一定的抑制作用, MIC值分别32、32、8 μg·mL-1。

, authors=曲晏良1, 刘永铮1, 潘美芳2, 周乐2, *, 黄健1, *, authorsList=曲晏良, 刘永铮, 潘美芳, 周乐, 黄健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周乐, 黄健, authorNote=

作者贡献:

黄健、周乐负责课题总体设计及文章修改; 曲晏良负责实验操作、数据处理及论文撰写; 刘永铮、潘美芳协助实验完成。

, correspAuthorsNote=
周乐, E-mail:
黄健, E-mail:
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Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2023, 70: 120-129., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841983091769692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841983100158301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, companyId=1308841983091769692, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841983108546910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, companyId=1308841983091769692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1哈尔滨医科大学药学院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841983184044383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841983192432992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, companyId=1308841983184044383, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841983196627297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, companyId=1308841983184044383, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深圳技术大学药学院, 广东 深圳 518118)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308841986635956612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZGq+OqBDB+CKZ9IpNz7Xmg==, figureFileBig=3OLL58Y6pUfumch7tWTzcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841986703065478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structures of compounds 1-13, figureFileSmall=ZGq+OqBDB+CKZ9IpNz7Xmg==, figureFileBig=3OLL58Y6pUfumch7tWTzcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841986908586375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AtSXR2s1QrdSO0SP9TPlbg==, figureFileBig=ZPT7vsTal5cYPP5V1rTrTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841986984083848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Key HMBC and 1H-1H COSY correlations of 1 and 2, figureFileSmall=AtSXR2s1QrdSO0SP9TPlbg==, figureFileBig=ZPT7vsTal5cYPP5V1rTrTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841987055387017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LM7PHiDH1oPTZ+7JbkI+RQ==, figureFileBig=H7AnfVNoBmEqGGOmw25doQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841987114107274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=The calculated 13C NMR spectrum of 2, figureFileSmall=LM7PHiDH1oPTZ+7JbkI+RQ==, figureFileBig=H7AnfVNoBmEqGGOmw25doQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841987181216139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9EjLPlOlHIyCV8ZbROOnvw==, figureFileBig=O6VFWlyVXCwL6sHmdUwGNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841987244130700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=The calculated and experimental ECD of 2, figureFileSmall=9EjLPlOlHIyCV8ZbROOnvw==, figureFileBig=O6VFWlyVXCwL6sHmdUwGNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841987323822477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Position1aPosition2b
δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J in Hz)
1170.51175.9
234.53.85 (d, J = 19.4 Hz)
3.45 (d, J = 19.4 Hz)
2130.8
3132.03153.77.21 (d, J = 1.5 Hz)
4104.96.08 (br s)490.7
5158.0572.03.79 (q, J = 6.4 Hz)
6100.86.22 (br s)610.51.89 (d, J = 1.5 Hz)
7153.6720.21.43 (s)
8112.0818.01.15 (d, J = 6.4 Hz)
977.45.43 (dd, J = 9.0, 5.0 Hz)
1035.21.80 (m), 1.66 (m)
1124.91.44 (m), 1.33 (m)
1230.81.30 (overlap)
1322.01.28 (overlap)
1413.90.85 (t, J = 6.5 Hz)
), ArticleFig(id=1308841987403514254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz) NMR data of compounds 1 and 2. aDMSO-d6; bCD3OD

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Position1aPosition2b
δCδH (J in Hz)δCδH (J in Hz)
1170.51175.9
234.53.85 (d, J = 19.4 Hz)
3.45 (d, J = 19.4 Hz)
2130.8
3132.03153.77.21 (d, J = 1.5 Hz)
4104.96.08 (br s)490.7
5158.0572.03.79 (q, J = 6.4 Hz)
6100.86.22 (br s)610.51.89 (d, J = 1.5 Hz)
7153.6720.21.43 (s)
8112.0818.01.15 (d, J = 6.4 Hz)
977.45.43 (dd, J = 9.0, 5.0 Hz)
1035.21.80 (m), 1.66 (m)
1124.91.44 (m), 1.33 (m)
1230.81.30 (overlap)
1322.01.28 (overlap)
1413.90.85 (t, J = 6.5 Hz)
), ArticleFig(id=1308841987470623120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841981653123409, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CompoundMIC/μg·mL-1
MRSAE. faecalisP. aeruginosaE. coli
1> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
2> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
3> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
432.64.> 128.> 128.
5> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
6> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
7> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
8> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
9> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
1016.> 128.> 128.> 128.
1132.32.> 128.> 128.
128.32.> 128.> 128.
138.8.> 128.> 128.
Ciprofloxacin--0.250.25
Vancomycin1.2.--
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Antimicrobial activities of compounds 1-13 (n = 3). MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration

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CompoundMIC/μg·mL-1
MRSAE. faecalisP. aeruginosaE. coli
1> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
2> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
3> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
432.64.> 128.> 128.
5> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
6> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
7> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
8> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
9> 128.> 128.> 128.> 128.
1016.> 128.> 128.> 128.
1132.32.> 128.> 128.
128.32.> 128.> 128.
138.8.> 128.> 128.
Ciprofloxacin--0.250.25
Vancomycin1.2.--
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一株海洋来源真菌Verticillium sp. SN-1的次级代谢产物研究
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曲晏良 1 , 刘永铮 1 , 潘美芳 2 , 周乐 2, * , 黄健 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(7): 2603-2610
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (7) : 2603 -2610
一株海洋来源真菌Verticillium sp. SN-1的次级代谢产物研究
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曲晏良1, 刘永铮1, 潘美芳2, 周乐2, * , 黄健1, *
作者信息
  • 1哈尔滨医科大学药学院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
  • 2深圳技术大学药学院, 广东 深圳 518118
通讯作者:
周乐, E-mail:
黄健, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

黄健、周乐负责课题总体设计及文章修改; 曲晏良负责实验操作、数据处理及论文撰写; 刘永铮、潘美芳协助实验完成。

Studies on the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived fungus Verticillium sp. SN-1
Yan-liang QU1, Yong-zheng LIU1, Mei-fang PAN2, Le ZHOU2, * , Jian HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
  • 2School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
出版时间: 2026-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0160
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轮枝孢属的次级代谢产物在抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗疟活性等方面有很好的活性, 为了对轮枝孢属次生代谢产物进一步的挖掘, 从而对中国广东大亚湾真菌Verticillium sp. SN-1发酵液中次生代谢产物进行分离鉴定, 并探究其抗菌活性。采用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS色谱及半制备液相等色谱分离技术, 从Verticillium sp. SN-1的提取物中分离得到13个化合物。通过核磁、紫外及质谱等方法鉴定化合物结构, 分别为cytosporone G (1)、verticillpyrone A (2)、1, 5-二羟基-3-甲基呫吨酮-6-羧酸甲酯(3)、acremonidin E (4)、acremonoxide (5)、alternethanoxin A (6)、janthinone (7)、3-去氧-甲基硫赭曲菌素(8)、astrophenone (9)、acremoxanthone F (10)、acremoxanthone C (11)、acremoxanthone B (12)、acremonidin G (13)。其中化合物1和2为新化合物, 3~13为已知化合物。采用肉汤微量稀释法评价化合物的抗菌活性, 结果发现化合物4及10~13对耐甲氧西林金葡菌有一定的抑制作用, 最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) 分别为32、16、32、8、8 μg·mL-1; 化合物11~13对粪肠球菌有一定的抑制作用, MIC值分别32、32、8 μg·mL-1。

海洋真菌  /  Verticillium  /  次级代谢产物  /  抗菌活性

Verticillium-derived secondary metabolites have demonstrated promising biological activities, including antibacterial, antitumor, and antimalarial effects. To further explore the chemical diversity and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites from the genus Verticillium, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from the fermentation broth of the fungal strain Verticillium sp. SN-1 isolated from Daya Bay, Guangdong Province, China and to evaluate their antibacterial activities. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the crude extract of Verticillium sp. SN-1 using a combination of chromatographic techniques, including normal-phase silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their chemical structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). Based on spectral data interpretation, the compounds were identified as cytosporone G (1), verticillpyrone A (2), methyl 1, 5-dihydroxy-3-methylxanthone-6-carboxylate (3), acremonidin E (4), acremonoxide (5), alternethanoxin A (6), janthinone (7), 3-deoxy-methylsulochrin (8), astrophenone (9), acremoxanthone F (10), acremoxanthone C (11), acremoxanthone B (12), and acremonidin G (13). Among these isolates, compounds 1 and 2 were characterized as new compounds, while compounds 3-13 were known secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to established protocols. The results showed that compounds 4 and 10-13 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 32, 16, 32, 8, and 8 μg·mL-1, respectively. Additionally, compounds 11-13 displayed inhibitory activities against Enterococcus faecalis, with corresponding MIC values of 32, 32, and 8 μg·mL-1.

marine fungus  /  Verticillium  /  secondary metabolite  /  antibacterial activity
曲晏良, 刘永铮, 潘美芳, 周乐, 黄健. 一株海洋来源真菌Verticillium sp. SN-1的次级代谢产物研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2603 -2610 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0160
Yan-liang QU, Yong-zheng LIU, Mei-fang PAN, Le ZHOU, Jian HUANG. Studies on the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived fungus Verticillium sp. SN-1[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2603 -2610 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0160
天然产物作为药物先导化合物的重要来源, 在抗菌、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等领域发挥着不可替代的作用。海洋微生物因其独特的生活环境, 能够进化出与陆源生物迥异的代谢途径和化学防御系统, 成为结构新颖、活性显著的次生代谢产物的核心生产者之一[1-4]。轮枝菌属(Verticillium) 作为一类广泛分布于陆地土壤、植物组织及海洋环境的丝状真菌[5], 具有生产生物碱、萜类、聚酮类等多样化的次生代谢产物的潜力[6-8], 这些结构往往展现出优异的抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗疟和抗炎等生物活性[9, 10], 为天然药物开发提供了宝贵的资源库。
课题组从分离自大亚湾潮间带底泥中筛选出一株轮枝菌属真菌Verticillium sp. SN-1, 并通过马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB) 发酵, 其代谢产物表现出较好的抗菌活性。为了进一步挖掘该菌株的抗菌活性物质基础, 本研究对菌株Verticillium sp. SN-1进行了PDB培养基扩大发酵, 并从中分离鉴定了13个聚酮类化合物, 其中化合物1和2为新化合物, 化合物10~13为聚酮二聚体(图1)。本文将介绍这些化合物的分离纯化、结构鉴定及抗菌活性。
化合物1为黄色粉末。HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 251.127 3 [M+H]+ (计算值为C14H19O4, 251.120 5), 提示化合物的分子式为C14H18O4, 不饱和度为6。UV光谱显示在206 (3.95) 和283 (2.92) nm处有最大吸收。1H NMR谱(表1) 显示低场区包含2个芳香质子信号[δH 6.22 (br s, 1H), 6.08 (br s, 1H)], 高场区给出1组含氧的次甲基氢信号[δH 5.43 (dd, J = 9.0, 5.0 Hz)], 5组亚甲基质子信号[3.85 (d, J = 19.4 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (d, J = 19.4 Hz, 1H); 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.44 (m, 1H), 1.33 (m, 1H), 1.30 (overlap, 2H), 1.28 (overlap, 2H)], 以及1组甲基氢信号δH 0.85 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H)。13C NMR谱提示该化合物有14个碳信号, 其中, 低场区给出1个酯羰基碳信号(δC 170.5) 和6个sp2杂化碳信号(δC 158.0, 153.6, 132.0, 112.0, 104.9, 100.8), 高场区一共给出7个sp3杂化的碳信号(δC 77.4, 35.2, 34.5, 30.8, 24.9, 22.0, 13.9)。该化合物的氢谱、碳谱特征与文献[11]报道的cytosporone C极为相似, 因此鉴定该化合物具有苯并β-吡喃酮母核结构。
由1H-1H COSY谱可观察δH 5.43 (H-9)/1.80 (H2-10)、δH 1.80 (H2-10)/1.44 (H2-11)、δH 1.44 (H2-11)/1.30 (H2-12)、δH 1.30 (H2-12)/1.28 (H2-13)、H2-13 (δH 1.28)/H3-14 (δH 0.86) 等交叉峰, 提示结构中含有-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3自旋偶合系统(图2)。由HMBC谱得知δH 3.85/3.45 (H-2) 与δC 170.5 (C-1)、132.0 (C-3)、104.9 (C-4)、112.0 (C-8) 相关, δH 6.08 (H-4) 与δC 34.5 (C-2)、158.0 (C-5)、100.8 (C-6)、112.0 (C-8) 相关, δH 6.22 (H-6) 与δC 104.9 (C-4)、158.0 (C-5)、153.6 (C-7)、112.0 (C-8) 相关, 以及δH 5.43 (H-9) 与δC 170.5 (C-1)、132.0 (C-3)、153.6 (C-7)、35.2 (C-10)、24.9 (C-11) 相关, 进一步确证了苯并β-吡喃酮结构片段的存在; 再结合由1H-1H COSY谱确定的-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3自旋系统, 最终确定化合物的平面结构如图1所示。经文献检索, 化合物1为未见报道的新化合物, 命名为cytosporone G。在进一步确定该化合物绝对构型的过程, 发现其旋光值为零, 且其CD Cotton曲线近乎为一条平坦直线, 推测该结构可能是外消旋混合物。然而通过手性柱对其分离的过程中, 得到的光学纯异构体会很快变回原来的外消旋混合物, 因此无法确定绝对构型。
化合物2为白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 157.085 7 [M+H]+ (计算值为C8H13O3, 157.082 0), 提示化合物的分子式为C8H12O3, 不饱和度为3。UV光谱显示在203 (3.55) nm处有最大吸收。1H NMR谱(表1) 在低场区给出1个烯氢质子信号δH 7.21 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H); 高场区给出1个含氧的次甲基氢信号δH 3.79 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H) 和3个甲基氢信号[δH 1.89 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 1.15 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H)]。13C NMR谱提示该化合物有8个碳信号, 包括: 1个羰基碳信号(δC 175.9)、一组双键碳信号(δC 153.7, 130.8) 和5个sp3杂化碳信号(δC 90.7, 72.0, 20.2, 18.0, 10.5)。该化合物的以上氢谱、碳谱数据与文献[12]报道的(5S, 6R)-5, 6-dihydro-3, 5, 6-trimethylpyran-2-one极为相似, 推测化合物2具有α-吡喃酮母核结构。在HMBC谱(图2) 中, 通过δH 1.89 (CH3-6) 与δC 175.9 (C-1)、130.8 (C-2)、153.7 (C-3) 相关, δH 1.43 (CH3-7) 与153.7 (C-3)、90.7 (C-4)、72.0 (C-5) 相关, 以及δH 1.15 (CH3-8) 与δC 90.7 (C-4)、72.0 (C-5) 相关, 推断最终确定化合物平面结构如(图1) 所示。通过计算碳谱的方法确定了相邻两个手性中心的相对构型(图3); 通过ECD计算从而确定4, 5-位手性中心的绝对构型为4R, 5R (图4)。经文献检索, 化合物2为未见报道的新化合物, 命名为verticillpyrone A。
以铜绿假单胞菌P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)、粪肠球菌E. faecalis (ATCC 29212)、耐甲氧西林金葡菌MRSA (ATCC 43300) 和大肠杆菌E. coli (ATCC 25922) 为测试菌株, 万古霉素和环丙沙星为阳性对照药物, 采用肉汤微量稀释法测试化合物1~13的抗菌活性。结果如(表2) 所示, 化合物4、10~13对耐甲氧西林金葡菌有一定的抑制作用, 最低抑菌浓度MIC分别为32、16、32、8、8 μg·mL-1; 而化合物11~13对粪肠球菌显示一定的抑制效果, 其MIC分别为32、32、8 μg·mL-1。
本研究从Verticillium sp. SN-1液体发酵物中分离鉴定到了13个化合物, 并对其进行了抗菌实验, 发现化合物4、10~13对耐甲氧西林金葡菌有一定的抑制作用, 化合物4、11~13对粪肠球菌也有一定的抑制作用, 具有成为新的抗菌药物先导化合物的潜力。
Bruker avance 400型核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司); 海能P810全自动旋光仪(济南海能仪器股份有限公司); Thermo Scientific Evolution One紫外-可见分光光度计、Orbitrap Exploris 120型高分辨质谱仪(美国ThermoFisher公司); Agilent 1260 Infinity II型制备型高效液相色谱仪(美国Agilent公司); GF254薄层色谱硅胶板(烟台银龙硅胶有限公司); 色谱硅胶(100~200、200~300目; 青岛海洋化工公司分厂); ODS柱色谱填料(Spherical C18 Monomeric, 120A, 50 μm, 加拿大SILICYCLE公司); 分析型HPLC色谱柱(Global Chromatography C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 10 μm, 上海通微分析技术有限公司)、(Cosmosil 5C18-MS-Ⅱ, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, 日本Nacalai Tesque公司); 半制备型HPLC色谱柱(Global Chromatography C18, 250 mm × 10 mm, 10 μm, 上海通微分析技术有限公司) 和(Cosmosil 5C18-MS-Ⅱ, 250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm, 日本Nacalai Tesque公司); SYNERGY H1型酶标仪(美国BioTek公司); 营养琼脂培养基平板、LB肉汤培养基和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂平板(广东环凯生物科技有限公司); ATCC29212粪肠球菌、ATCC43300金葡菌金黄色亚种、ATCC27853铜绿假单胞菌(合肥万物生物科技有限公司); 环丙沙星、盐酸万古霉素(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司, 批号C129896、V105495)。所用化学试剂均为色谱纯(安耐吉化学公司) 或分析纯(成都金山化学试剂有限公司)。
实验菌株采自广东惠州大亚湾潮间带河床底泥。利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR) 扩增技术对菌株的DNA的内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS) 序列进行扩增测序, 并通过检索分析其ITS序列相似性, 综合形态学特征鉴定该菌株为Verticillium sp. (GenBank: PX923174), 命名为Verticillium sp. SN-1。菌种保存于深圳技术大学药学院菌种库中。
Verticillium sp. SN-1通过液体发酵, 培养基PDB (马铃薯葡萄糖), 在大容量全温振荡培养箱中恒温28度, 转速180转的条件下培养7天。通过过滤得到16.8 L的菌液和菌丝, 用乙酸乙酯分别对菌液和菌丝进行萃取, 分别得到菌液提取物约15 g和菌丝提取物约8 g, 通过液相分析发现菌液和菌丝提取物所含成分相同, 故合并在一起得到约23 g的浸膏。
浸膏用60~100目硅胶拌样后, 经硅胶柱分离, 以二氯甲烷-甲醇为洗脱剂(100∶0~1∶1), 经薄层色谱(TLC) 分析并合并相似流分, 得到6个主流分Fr.1~Fr.6。流分Fr.2约2.5 g经硅胶柱分离得到25个亚流分Fr.2Aa~Fr.2Ay, 流分Fr.2Am经半制备(乙腈-水, 20%~100%) 纯化得到化合物7 (tR = 18 min; 7 mg)。流分Fr.2Aw经半制备(乙腈-水, 20%~100%) 纯化得到化合物3 (tR = 23 min; 3.2 mg)。
流分Fr.3约3 g和Fr.4约4.9 g经硅胶柱分离, 以二氯甲烷–甲醇为洗脱剂(100∶0~1∶10), 经薄层色谱分析并合并相似流分, 得到24个亚流分Fr.3Ba~Fr.3Bx, 流分Fr.3Bf和Fr.3Bg一共约1.5 g经ODS分离得到10个亚流分Fr.3Bf1~Fr.3Bf10, Fr.3Bf4经过半制备(甲醇-水, 40∶60) 纯化得到化合物6 (tR = 22 min; 50.7 mg) 和化合物4 (tR = 33 min; 9.3 mg), Fr.3Bf7经过半制备(甲醇-水, 70∶30) 纯化得到化合物11 (tR = 17 min; 11.3 mg), 经过半制备(乙腈-水, 50∶50) 纯化得到化合物12 (tR = 49 min; 47.7mg)。流分Fr.3Bh和Fr.3Bi一共约1.3 g经ODS分离得到10个亚流分Fr.3Bh1~Fr.3Bh10, Fr.3Bh1经过半制备(乙腈-水, 40∶60) 纯化得到化合物1 (tR = 14 min; 66 mg), Fr.3Bh3经过半制备(乙腈-水, 15∶85) 纯化得到化合物5 (tR = 46 min; 6 mg), Fr.3Bh6经过半制备(乙腈-水, 20%~100%) 纯化得到化合物10 (tR = 18 min; 16 mg)。流分Fr.3Bj和Fr.3Bk一共约2 g经ODS分离得到10个亚流分Fr.3Bj1~Fr.3Bj10, Fr.3Bj2经过半制备(甲醇-水, 30∶70) 纯化得到化合物2 (tR = 15 min; 3 mg) 和化合物9 (tR = 25 min; 14.4 mg) 和化合物8 (tR = 47 min; 3.4 mg), Fr.3Bj4经过半制备(乙腈-水, 53∶47) 纯化得到化合物13 (tR = 18 min; 45 mg)。
化合物1  淡黄色粉末; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 251.127 3 [M+H]+ (计算值为C14H19O4+, 251.120 5), 分子式: C14H18O4, UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 206 (3.95), 283 (2.92)。1H和13C NMR数据见(表1)。
化合物2  白色粉末; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 157.085 7 [M+H]+ (计算值为C8H13O3+, 157.082 0), 分子式: C8H12O3, UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 203 (3.55)。1H和13C NMR数据见(表1)。
化合物3   淡黄色油状物; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 323.06 [M+Na]+, 分子式: C16H12O6, 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δH 12.20 (s, 1H, OH-1), 7.43 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H, H-13), 7.36 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H, H-12), 6.72 (s, 1H, H-4), 6.61 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.01 (s, 3H, OCH3-14), 2.42 (s, 3H, CH3-3); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz) δC 180.5 (C-7), 169.1 (C-14), 161.3 (C-1), 155.8 (C-5), 151.8 (C-9), 150.6 (C-10), 149.0 (C-3), 125.5 (C-12), 121.6 (C-13), 118.6 (C-11), 115.1 (C-8), 111.4 (C-2), 107.4 (C-6), 107.2 (C-4), 53.2 (OCH3-14), 22.7 (CH3-3)。以上波谱数据与文献[13]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物3为1, 5-二羟基-3-甲基呫吨酮-6-羧酸甲酯。
化合物4    黄色油状物; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 317.07 [M-H]-, 分子式: C16H14O7, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δH 9.69 (s, 1H, OH-12), 6.93 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H, H-10), 6.81 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H, H-11), 6.09 (s, 1H, H-4), 6.09 (s, 1H, H-2), 3.55 (s, 3H, OCH3-14), 2.16 (s, 3H, CH3-3); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δC 199.3 (C-7), 168.0 (C-14), 161.7 (C-5), 161.7 (C-1), 151.1 (C-12), 147.5 (C-3), 145.7 (C-9), 131.2 (C-8), 122.2 (C-10), 117.5 (C-11), 112.5 (C-13), 109.0 (C-6), 107.5 (C-4), 107.5 (C-2), 51.9 (OCH3-14), 21.6 (CH3-3)。以上波谱数据与文献[14]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物4为acremonidin E。
化合物5   黄色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -66.4 (c 0.16, CHCl3); HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 333.06 [M-H]-, 分子式为: C16H14O8, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δH 11.30 (s, 1H, OH-1), 8.05 (s, 1H, OH-5), 6.64 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H, H-11), 6.44 (s, 1H, H-4), 6.39 (s, 1H, H-2), 6.00 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H, H-10), 5.03 (s, 1H, H-12), 3.49 (s, 3H, OCH3-14), 2.29 (s, 3H, CH3-3); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δC 191.4 (C-7), 188.5 (C-9), 168.1 (C-14), 161.7 (C-1), 158.0 (C-5), 150.5 (C-3), 145.7 (C-11), 127.8 (C-10), 110.4 (C-2), 107.9 (C-4), 104.5 (C-6), 90.1 (C-13), 69.4 (C-8), 68.3 (C-12), 53.0 (OCH3-14), 22.0 (CH3-3)。以上波谱数据与文献[15]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物5为acremonoxide。
化合物6    白色无定形粉末; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 301.07 [M-H]-, 分子式: C16H14O6, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δH 7.37 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H, H-5′), 7.27 (t, J = 8.1, 7.8 Hz, 1H, H-4′), 7.06 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H, H-3′), 6.09 (s, 1H, H-2), 6.09 (s, 1H, H-7′), 3.65 (s, 3H, OCH3-6′), 2.15 (s, 3H, CH3-7); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δC 200.3 (C-7), 166.0 (C-6′), 161.9 (C-3), 161.9 (C-4), 153.6 (C-1′), 147.7 (C-6), 133.2 (C-4′), 128.8 (C-2′), 127.5 (C-1), 120.2 (C-5′), 119.8 (C-3′), 109.1 (C-5), 107.6 (C-7′), 107.6 (C-2), 52.1 (OCH3-6′), 21.7 (CH3-7)。以上波谱数据与文献[16]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物6为alternethanoxin A。
化合物7   黄色粉末; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 307.06 [M+Na]+, 分子式: C16H12O5, 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) δH 12.14 (s, 1H, OH-1), 7.73 (t, J = 8.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H, H-11), 7.52 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H, H-10), 7.30 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H-12), 6.74 (s, 1H, H-4), 6.63 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.03 (s, 3H, OCH3-14), 2.42 (s, 3H, CH3-3); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz) δC 180.6 (C-7), 169.9 (C-14), 161.6 (C-1), 156.1 (C-9), 155.8 (C-5), 149.6 (C-3), 134.9 (C-11), 133.7 (C-13), 122.6 (C-12), 119.6 (C-10), 117.7 (C-8), 111.9 (C-2), 107.5 (C-4), 107.1 (C-6), 53.3 (OCH3-14), 22.8 (CH3-3)。以上波谱数据与文献[17]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物7为janthinone。
化合物8   黄色油状物; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 317.07 [M-H]-, 分子式: C16H14O7, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δH 6.74 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H-12), 6.49 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H-10), 6.07 (s, 1H, H-2), 6.07 (s, 1H, H-4), 3.60 (s, 3H, OCH3-14), 2.14 (s, 3H, CH3-3); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δC 200.4 (C-7), 166.1 (C-14), 161.7 (C-5), 161.7 (C-1), 157.7 (C-11), 155.1 (C-9), 147.0 (C-3), 128.7 (C-13), 124.8 (C-8), 109.5 (C-12), 107.5 (C-4), 107.5 (C-2), 106.7 (C-6), 106.7 (C-10), 51.9 (OCH3-14), 21.6 (CH3-3)。以上波谱数据与文献[18]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物8为3-去氧-甲基硫赭曲菌素。
化合物9    黄色油状物; HR-ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 317.07 [M-H]-, 分子式: C16H14O7, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δH 7.38 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H, H-12), 7.28 (t, J = 8.0, 7.7 Hz, 1H, H-11), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, H-10), 6.24 (s, 1H, H-2), 6.24 (s, 1H, H-4), 4.37 (overlap, 2H, H-15), 3.66 (s, 3H, OCH3-14); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δC 200.3 (C-7), 165.9 (C-14), 161.8 (C-1), 161.8 (C-5), 153.5 (C-9), 152.3 (C-3), 133.1 (C-8), 128.7 (C-11), 127.4 (C-13), 120.0 (C-12), 119.7 (C-10), 109.6 (C-6), 104.1 (C-2), 104.1 (C-4), 62.4 (C-15), 52.0 (OCH3-14)。以上波谱数据与文献[19]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物9为astrophenone。
化合物10   黄色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25} $ 68.2 (c 0.08, CHCl3); ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 569.11 [M-H]-, 分子式: C31H22O11, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δH 12.85 (s, 1H, OH-1′), 11.42 (s, 1H, OH-11), 7.61 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H, H-10′), 7.48 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H, H-11′), 7.31 (s, 1H, OH-14), 7.12 (s, 1H, H-8), 6.93 (s, 1H, H-4′), 6.75 (s, 1H, H-10), 6.48 (dd, J = 9.1, 6.4 Hz, 1H, H-3), 5.86 (d, J = 9.1, 6.4 Hz, 1H, H-4), 4.87 (s, 1H, H-6), 4.66 (d, J = 19.2, Hz, 1H, H-15′), 3.86 (s, 3H, OCH3-14′), 3.61 (d, J = 19.2 Hz, 1H, H-15′), 2.38 (s, 3H, CH3-9); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δC 204.0 (C-1), 196.3 (C-13), 180.5 (C-7′), 166.7 (C-14′), 162.5 (C-11), 156.3 (C-1′), 153.9 (C-5′), 150.9 (C-12′), 149.0 (C-9′), 148.9 (C-9), 147.8 (C-3′), 145.4 (C-7), 133.4 (C-3), 130.2 (C-4), 125.6 (C-11′), 120.2 (C-10′), 119.5 (C-8), 118.6 (C-2′), 117.1 (C-8′), 117.0 (C-10), 116.3 (C-13′), 110.0 (C-12), 109.0 (C-4′), 105.7 (C-6′), 82.0 (C-14), 67.8 (C-6), 52.3 (OCH3-14′), 48.6 (C-5), 43.6 (C-2), 32.5 (C-15′), 22.0 (CH3-9)。以上波谱数据与文献[15]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物10为acremoxanthone F。
化合物11  黄色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25} $ -20.5 (c 0.10, CHCl3); ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 629.13 [M-H]-, 分子式: C33H26O13, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 600 MHz) δH 13.39 (s, 1H, OH-1′), 11.42 (s, 1H, OH-11), 9.63 (s, 1H, OH-12′), 7.55 (s, 1H, OH-14), 6.93 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H, H-10′), 6.82 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H, H-11′), 6.82 (s, 1H, H-8), 6.64 (s, 1H, H-10), 6.52 (dd, J = 9.2, 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-3), 6.29 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.97 (s, 1H, H-4′), 5.80 (d, J = 9.2, 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-4), 4.64 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.56 (s, 3H, OCH3-14′), 3.07 (d, J = 18.6 Hz, 1H, H-15′), 2.85 (d, J = 18.6 Hz, H-15′), 2.36 (s, 3H, CH3-9), 2.34 (s, 3H, OCOCH3-14′); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 150 MHz) δC 202.9 (C-1), 199.8 (C-7′), 195.6 (C-13), 171.1 (OCOCH3-6), 167.8 (C-14′), 162.7 (C-11), 158.8 (C-1′), 157.9 (C-5′), 151.0 (C-12′), 149.5 (C-9), 145.8 (C-3′), 145.0 (C-9), 139.6 (C-7), 134.7 (C-4), 131.2 (C-8′), 128.7 (C-3), 122.3 (C-10′), 118.3 (C-11′), 117.8 (C-8), 117.4 (C-10), 114.8 (C-2′), 112.6 (C-13′), 109.9 (C-12), 109.0 (C-6′), 108.5 (C-4′), 81.5 (C-14), 70.2 (C-6), 52.0 (OCH3-14′), 46.8 (C-5), 43.5 (C-2), 31.5 (C-15′), 21.9 (CH3-9), 20.9 (OCOCH3-6)。以上波谱数据与文献[4]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物11为acremoxanthone C。
化合物12    黄色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25} $ 52.2 (c 0.10, CHCl3); ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 611.12 [M-H]-, 分子式: C33H24O12, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δH 12.84 (s, 1H, OH-1′), 11.40 (s, 1H, OH-11), 7.59 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H, H-10′), 7.47 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H, H-11′), 6.97 (s, 1H, H-4′), 6.84 (s, 1H, H-10), 6.65 (s, 1H, H-8), 6.54 (dd, J = 9.1, 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-3), 6.34 (s, 1H, H-6), 5.85 (dd, J = 9.1, 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-4), 4.70 (dd, J = 6.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.86 (s, 3H, OCH3-14′), 3.19 (d, J = 19.0 Hz, 2H, H-15′), 2.38 (s, 3H, CH3-9), 2.38 (s, 3H, OCOCH3-6); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δC 202.8 (C-1), 195.3 (C-13), 180.4 (C-7′), 171.0 (OCOCH3-6), 166.7 (C-14′), 162.7 (C-11), 156.3 (C-1′), 153.8 (C-5′), 151.1 (C-12′), 149.6 (C-9), 148.8 (C-9′), 146.6 (C-3′), 139.5 (C-7), 134.3 (C-3), 129.1 (C-4), 125.7 (C-11′), 120.1 (C-10′), 118.3 (C-8), 117.9 (C-2′), 117.5 (C-10), 117.0 (C-8′), 117.0 (C-13′), 109.9 (C-12), 109.4 (C-4′), 105.7 (C-6′), 81.7 (C-14), 70.0 (C-6), 52.3 (OCH3-14′), 46.7 (C-5), 43.6 (C-2), 31.8 (C-15′), 21.9 (CH3-9), 20.9 (OCOCH3-6)。以上波谱数据与文献[4]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物12为acremoxanthone B。
化合物13  黄色粉末; [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{25} $ 95.5 (c 0.08, CHCl3); ESI-MS谱中显示分子离子峰m/z 587.12 [M-H]-, 分子式: C31H24O12, 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δH 13.37 (s, 1H, OH-1′), 11.46 (s, 1H, OH-11), 10.19 (s, 1H, OH-5′), 9.65 (s, 1H, OH-9′), 9.24 (s, 1H, OH-12′), 7.19 (s, 1H, OH-14), 7.12 (s, 1H, H-8), 6.96 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-10′), 6.83 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H, H-11′), 6.75 (s, 1H, H-10), 6.47 (dd, J = 9.2, 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-3), 6.26 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H, OH-6), 6.04 (s, 1H, H-4′), 5.80 (dd, J = 9.2, 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-4), 4.83 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H, H-6), 4.61 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-2), 3.58 (s, 3H, OCH3-14′), 3.31 (d, J = 18.9 Hz, 1H, H-15′), 3.11 (d, J = 18.9 Hz, 1H, H-15′), 2.37 (s, 3H, CH3-9); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δC 204.3 (C-1), 199.9 (C-7′), 196.6 (C-13), 167.9 (C-14′), 162.5 (C-11), 159.1 (C-1′), 158.7 (C-5′), 151.1 (C-12′), 149.0 (C-9), 146.3 (C-3′), 145.7 (C-9′), 145.4 (C-7), 133.9 (C-3), 131.2 (C-8′), 129.9 (C-4), 122.2 (C-10′), 119.5 (C-8), 117.8 (C-11′), 116.3 (C-10), 115.5 (C-6′), 112.6 (C-13′), 110.2 (C-12), 108.8 (C-2′), 108.4 (C-4′), 81.9 (C-14), 67.9 (C-6), 52.1 (OCH3-14′), 47.7 (C-5), 43.6 (C-2), 32.1 (C-15′), 22.1 (CH3-9)。以上波谱数据与文献[15]报道数据基本一致, 故鉴定化合物13为acremonidin G。
首先使用Spartan'14软件(Wavefunction公司) 对化合物2a和2b进行构象分析。所有玻尔兹曼分布大于1%的构象异构体均使用Gaussian 09程序包, 在B3LYP/6-31G (d) 水平下, 通过密度泛函理论(DFT) 方法进行进一步优化。然后, 将无虚频的稳定构象异构体在甲醇溶液中, 分别在MPWlPW91/6-311+g (2d, p) 和B3LYP/6-311G (2d, p) 水平下进行NMR和ECD计算。使用SpecDis v1.64模拟不同构象异构体的ECD曲线, 该曲线是根据玻尔兹曼分布计算得到的各构象异构体的贡献得到的。
采用96孔板法, 测定得到的单体化合物对病原菌: 铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌、耐甲氧西林金葡菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC值。首先将要用到的细菌接种到LB肉汤培养基中, 在37 ℃条件下以转速200 r·min-1的条件下过夜培养, 再将待测样品和阳性对照药分别以DMSO和无菌水为溶剂, 配制成256 μg·mL-1初始浓度。将菌液使用酶标仪于600 nm条件下测定吸光度(optical density, OD) 值, 每个样品设置3个平行对照, 用菌液对样品和阳性对照药进行梯度稀释, 最后一列只加LB培养基, 在37 ℃条件下恒温培养24 h后观察结果[20]。

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2026年第61卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2026-0160
  • 接收时间:2026-02-04
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-04
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    1哈尔滨医科大学药学院, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
    2深圳技术大学药学院, 广东 深圳 518118

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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