Article(id=1308841942839033945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1525, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765900800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-17, revisedDate=1772294400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981836279, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1783785600000, pubDateStr=2026-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981836279, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981836279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981836279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841897058198067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='7', pageStart='2377', pageEnd='2820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783785600000', pubDateStr='2026-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981825365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984154811, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2502, endPage=2513, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841946538410074, articleId=1308841942839033945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Saposhnikoviae Radix chromone 19A ameliorates acute lung injury in mice by activating FXR and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of the chromone compound 19A derived from Saposhnikovia divaricata in ameliorating acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were employed to elucidate the binding mode of 19A with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its regulatory effect on FXR transcriptional activity. In vitro, an inflammatory model was established by stimulating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the effects of 19A on cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) release, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation were evaluated. The FXR-dependence of these effects was verified in BMDMs derived from Fxr-/- mice. In vivo, two ALI mouse models were established via intratracheal instillation of LPS and Escherichia coli (E. coli) to evaluate lung function, total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary inflammatory histopathology, inflammatory cytokine levels, and reverse validation was performed in Fxr-/- mice. The use of animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with the approval number: PZSHUTCM2412200007. 19A forms stable interactions with FXR, enhancing its transcriptional activity. In vitro, 19A inhibited LPS-induced NO release and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, reduced IκBα degradation and phosphorylation, and decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation; these anti-inflammatory and NF-κB-inhibitory effects were markedly attenuated or abolished in Fxr-/- BMDMs. In wild-type mice, 19A markedly improved LPS-induced lung dysfunction, reduced lung index and BALF total protein, alleviated structural damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, and downregulated pulmonary inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In contrast, these protective effects of 19A were largely lost in Fxr-/- mice. In summary, the Saposhnikoviae Radix chromone 19A attenuates LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory responses and ALI in mice by activating FXR and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Compound 19A may serve as a lead candidate for ALI prevention and treatment based on the chromone scaffold of Saposhnikoviae Radix, providing experimental support for the modernization of the traditional Chinese medicine Fangfeng and the development of new therapeutics for ALI.

, authors=Su-wei XIE1, Tao ZENG2, Xun-jiang WANG1, Xin-ru YANG1, Jia-wei LI1, Wan-ying YOU1, Li-li DING1, *, Chen-guo FENG2, *, Xu WANG1, *, authorsList=Su-wei XIE, Tao ZENG, Xun-jiang WANG, Xin-ru YANG, Jia-wei LI, Wan-ying YOU, Li-li DING, Chen-guo FENG, Xu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-li DING, Chen-guo FENG, Xu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841949528948841, articleId=1308841942839033945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=防风色原酮19A通过激活FXR抑制NF-κB通路改善小鼠急性肺损伤, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究防风色原酮类化合物19A改善小鼠急性肺损伤(acute lung injury, ALI) 的作用及机制。采用分子对接、药物亲和反应靶向稳定性实验、细胞热转移及双荧光素酶报告基因实验解析19A与法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 的结合模式及其对FXR转录活性的调控。体外以细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导BMDM建立炎症模型, 评价19A对细胞活性、NO释放、炎症因子mRNA及NF-κB通路的影响, 并在Fxr-/-小鼠来源BMDM中验证其FXR依赖性。体内以气管滴注LPS和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, E. coli) 构建两种ALI小鼠模型, 观察肺功能、肺部炎症指标水平及肺部组织病理变化, 并在Fxr-/-小鼠中进行反向验证。动物实验获得上海中医药大学伦理委员会批准, 伦理审查编号: PZSHUTCM2412200007。结果表示, 19A可与FXR形成稳定的相互作用, 增强FXR转录活性。19A体外可抑制LPS诱导的NO释放及炎症因子mRNA表达, 减少IκBα降解及磷酸化, 降低NF-κB p65磷酸化; 上述抗炎和抑制NF-κB作用在Fxr-/- BMDM中明显减弱或消失。在野生型小鼠中, 19A明显改善ALI小鼠的肺功能异常, 降低肺指数和BALF总蛋白浓度, 减轻肺组织损伤和炎性浸润, 并下调肺组织炎症因子mRNA及抑制NF-κB信号通路, 而在Fxr-/-小鼠中上述保护作用基本丧失。综上所述, 防风色原酮类化合物19A可通过激活FXR, 抑制NF-κB信号通路, 减轻LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症反应及小鼠急性肺损伤。19A有望作为基于防风色原酮骨架的ALI防治先导化合物, 为传统中药防风现代化及急性肺损伤新药研发提供实验依据。

, authors=谢苏薇1, 曾涛2, 王汛江1, 杨心茹1, 李家维1, 尤婉莹1, 丁丽丽1, *, 冯陈国2, *, 王旭1, *, authorsList=谢苏薇, 曾涛, 王汛江, 杨心茹, 李家维, 尤婉莹, 丁丽丽, 冯陈国, 王旭, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=丁丽丽, 冯陈国, 王旭, authorNote=

作者贡献:

谢苏薇、曾涛、王汛江设计实验、撰写及修改论文; 谢苏薇、杨心茹、李家维、尤婉莹负责实验样本及数据的采集与分析; 丁丽丽、冯陈国、王旭提供学术指导; 丁丽丽、冯陈国提供基金支持。

, correspAuthorsNote=
丁丽丽, E-mail:
冯陈国, E-mail:
王旭, E-mail:
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Nucleic Acids Res, 2025, 53: D1670-D1676., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841949784801386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841949793189995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, companyId=1308841949784801386, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841949822550124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, companyId=1308841949784801386, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药功效成分发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 中药新资源与品质评价国家中医药管理局重点研究室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841949910630509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841949919019118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, companyId=1308841949910630509, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841949927407727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, companyId=1308841949910630509, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2上海中医药大学创新中药研究院手性药物研究中心, 上海 201203)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308841955245785257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qqyEwPYzabdGJA4fgKlpGg==, figureFileBig=C3UD1/USI3B1R+N6ecFQ1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955308699818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=19A ameliorates inflammatory responses by activating the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. A: Molecular docking analysis of compound 19A with the FXR protein and presentation of its chemical structure; B: Transcriptional activity of FXR in HEK-293T cells measured by dual-luciferase reporter assay (n = 6); C: The drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay of 19A with FXR (n = 3); D, E: The thermal shift assay (CETSA) to assess the interaction between 19A and FXR (n = 3); F: Viability curve of bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cells (n = 6); G: Nitric oxide release in BMDM cells (n = 6); H-J: mRNA expression levels of Il-6, Il-1β, and Tnf-α in BMDM cells determined by RT-PCR (n = 3); K: Protein expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pp65) in BMDMs (n = 3). x ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs LPS+IFN-γ group, figureFileSmall=qqyEwPYzabdGJA4fgKlpGg==, figureFileBig=C3UD1/USI3B1R+N6ecFQ1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955480666283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PrEFfvO0EoIvREIkP+z1Eg==, figureFileBig=2xshNXohR0oGSGgQj1gUNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955551969452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Genetic ablation of FXR in BMDMs attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of 19A. A: Nitric oxide release in BMDMs upon inflammatory stimulation (n = 6); B-D: Relative expressions of Il-6, Il-1β and Tnf-α were assessed by RT-PCR (n = 3); E-H: Protein expression levels of pIκBα, IκBα and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pp65) in BMDMs (n = 3). x ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs LPS+IFN-γ group. ns: No significance, figureFileSmall=PrEFfvO0EoIvREIkP+z1Eg==, figureFileBig=2xshNXohR0oGSGgQj1gUNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955614884013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+Dvo9lk0WZdH700vO73//Q==, figureFileBig=rrI/MMrIbgX57WegEvSnhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955669409966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of 19A on pulmonary function in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice. A: Inspiratory time; B: Expiratory time; C: Enhanced pause; D: Respiratory frequency; E: Minute volume; F: Lung index; G: Protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. n = 6, x ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs LPS group, figureFileSmall=+Dvo9lk0WZdH700vO73//Q==, figureFileBig=rrI/MMrIbgX57WegEvSnhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955732324527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=k966AC26ppJYp72PruleBw==, figureFileBig=TEHXSUS8waWJ0Fjm7XEH2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955799433392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=19A significantly attenuates pulmonary inflammatory response in LPS-induced ALI mice. A, B: The histopathological changes in lung tissue samples were assessed by H&E staining. Scale bar = 50 μm, at ×20 magnification; C-E: The relative mRNA expression levels of Il-6, Il-1β, and Tnf-α in lung tissue were determined by RT-PCR; F, G: Protein levels of pIκBα, IκBα and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pp65) in lung tissues. n = 6, x ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs LPS group, figureFileSmall=k966AC26ppJYp72PruleBw==, figureFileBig=TEHXSUS8waWJ0Fjm7XEH2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955883319473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RYemFzkZd5UsLVn+w8c1cw==, figureFileBig=CC8bYU2AAfm4e89dPTRJGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841955975594162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=The absence of FXR attenuates the beneficial effect of 19A on pulmonary function in LPS-induced ALI mice. A: Inspiratory time; B: Expiratory time; C: Enhanced pause; D: Respiratory frequency; E: Minute volume; F: Lung index; G: Protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. n = 6, x ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs LPS group, figureFileSmall=RYemFzkZd5UsLVn+w8c1cw==, figureFileBig=CC8bYU2AAfm4e89dPTRJGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841956034314419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DgYeGxgsYYfzN0qQdgc2GQ==, figureFileBig=2qGl3PlI1xU/rlgYYctP3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841956101423284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=The effect of 19A in attenuating pulmonary inflammatory responses in LPS-induced ALI mice is diminished following FXR knockout. A, B: The histopathological changes in lung tissue samples were assessed by H&E staining. Scale bar = 50 μm, at ×20 magnification; C-E: The relative mRNA expression levels of Il-6, Il-1β, and Tnf-α in lung tissue were determined by RT-PCR; F-I: Protein levels of pIκBα, IκBα and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pp65) in lung tissues. n = 6, x ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs LPS group, figureFileSmall=DgYeGxgsYYfzN0qQdgc2GQ==, figureFileBig=2qGl3PlI1xU/rlgYYctP3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841956181115061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5I6OR+ZahWvGGxTzEAfJ4w==, figureFileBig=d0IJ5DMiyJwiEN0X8IH3JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841956277584054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=The efficacy of 19A in E. coli-induced ALI mice. A: Inspiratory time; B: Expiratory time; C: Enhanced pause; D: Respiratory frequency; E: Minute volume; F: Lung index; G: Protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; H, I: The histopathological changes in lung tissue samples were assessed by H&E staining. Scale bar = 50 μm, at ×20 magnification; J: Bacterial load in 25 mg of lung tissue; K-M: The relative mRNA expression levels of Il-6, Il-1β, and Tnf-α in lung tissue were determined by RT-PCR; N, O: Protein levels of pIκBα, IκBα and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pp65) in lung tissues. n = 6, x ± s. ###P < 0.001 vs CTRL group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs E. coli group, figureFileSmall=5I6OR+ZahWvGGxTzEAfJ4w==, figureFileBig=d0IJ5DMiyJwiEN0X8IH3JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841956390830263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 Gene Primer sequence (5'-3')
β-actinForwardCATTGCTGACAGGATGCAGAAGG
ReverseTGCTGGAAGGTGGACAGTGAGG
Il-6ForwardTACCACTTCACAAGTCGGAGGC
ReverseCTGCAAGTGCATCATCGTTGTTC
Il-1βForwardTGGACCTTCCAGGATGAGGACA
ReverseGTTCATCTCGGAGCCTGTAGTG
Tnf-αForwardGGTGCCTATGTCTCAGCCTCTT
ReverseGCCATAGAACTGATGAGAGGGAG
), ArticleFig(id=1308841959939211451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841942839033945, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The primer sequences of real-time quantitative PCR. Il-6: Interleukin 6; Il-1β: Interleukin 1 beta; Tnf-α: Tumor necrosis factor α

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 Gene Primer sequence (5'-3')
β-actinForwardCATTGCTGACAGGATGCAGAAGG
ReverseTGCTGGAAGGTGGACAGTGAGG
Il-6ForwardTACCACTTCACAAGTCGGAGGC
ReverseCTGCAAGTGCATCATCGTTGTTC
Il-1βForwardTGGACCTTCCAGGATGAGGACA
ReverseGTTCATCTCGGAGCCTGTAGTG
Tnf-αForwardGGTGCCTATGTCTCAGCCTCTT
ReverseGCCATAGAACTGATGAGAGGGAG
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防风色原酮19A通过激活FXR抑制NF-κB通路改善小鼠急性肺损伤
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谢苏薇 1 , 曾涛 2 , 王汛江 1 , 杨心茹 1 , 李家维 1 , 尤婉莹 1 , 丁丽丽 1, * , 冯陈国 2, * , 王旭 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(7): 2502-2513
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (7) : 2502 -2513
防风色原酮19A通过激活FXR抑制NF-κB通路改善小鼠急性肺损伤
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谢苏薇1, 曾涛2, 王汛江1, 杨心茹1, 李家维1, 尤婉莹1, 丁丽丽1, * , 冯陈国2, * , 王旭1, *
作者信息
  • 1上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药功效成分发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 中药新资源与品质评价国家中医药管理局重点研究室, 上海 201203
  • 2上海中医药大学创新中药研究院手性药物研究中心, 上海 201203
通讯作者:
丁丽丽, E-mail:
冯陈国, E-mail:
王旭, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

谢苏薇、曾涛、王汛江设计实验、撰写及修改论文; 谢苏薇、杨心茹、李家维、尤婉莹负责实验样本及数据的采集与分析; 丁丽丽、冯陈国、王旭提供学术指导; 丁丽丽、冯陈国提供基金支持。

Saposhnikoviae Radix chromone 19A ameliorates acute lung injury in mice by activating FXR and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway
Su-wei XIE1, Tao ZENG2, Xun-jiang WANG1, Xin-ru YANG1, Jia-wei LI1, Wan-ying YOU1, Li-li DING1, * , Chen-guo FENG2, * , Xu WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2026-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1525
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探究防风色原酮类化合物19A改善小鼠急性肺损伤(acute lung injury, ALI) 的作用及机制。采用分子对接、药物亲和反应靶向稳定性实验、细胞热转移及双荧光素酶报告基因实验解析19A与法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 的结合模式及其对FXR转录活性的调控。体外以细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导BMDM建立炎症模型, 评价19A对细胞活性、NO释放、炎症因子mRNA及NF-κB通路的影响, 并在Fxr-/-小鼠来源BMDM中验证其FXR依赖性。体内以气管滴注LPS和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, E. coli) 构建两种ALI小鼠模型, 观察肺功能、肺部炎症指标水平及肺部组织病理变化, 并在Fxr-/-小鼠中进行反向验证。动物实验获得上海中医药大学伦理委员会批准, 伦理审查编号: PZSHUTCM2412200007。结果表示, 19A可与FXR形成稳定的相互作用, 增强FXR转录活性。19A体外可抑制LPS诱导的NO释放及炎症因子mRNA表达, 减少IκBα降解及磷酸化, 降低NF-κB p65磷酸化; 上述抗炎和抑制NF-κB作用在Fxr-/- BMDM中明显减弱或消失。在野生型小鼠中, 19A明显改善ALI小鼠的肺功能异常, 降低肺指数和BALF总蛋白浓度, 减轻肺组织损伤和炎性浸润, 并下调肺组织炎症因子mRNA及抑制NF-κB信号通路, 而在Fxr-/-小鼠中上述保护作用基本丧失。综上所述, 防风色原酮类化合物19A可通过激活FXR, 抑制NF-κB信号通路, 减轻LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症反应及小鼠急性肺损伤。19A有望作为基于防风色原酮骨架的ALI防治先导化合物, 为传统中药防风现代化及急性肺损伤新药研发提供实验依据。

急性肺损伤  /  防风  /  色原酮19A  /  法尼醇X受体  /  NF-κB

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of the chromone compound 19A derived from Saposhnikovia divaricata in ameliorating acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were employed to elucidate the binding mode of 19A with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its regulatory effect on FXR transcriptional activity. In vitro, an inflammatory model was established by stimulating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the effects of 19A on cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) release, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation were evaluated. The FXR-dependence of these effects was verified in BMDMs derived from Fxr-/- mice. In vivo, two ALI mouse models were established via intratracheal instillation of LPS and Escherichia coli (E. coli) to evaluate lung function, total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary inflammatory histopathology, inflammatory cytokine levels, and reverse validation was performed in Fxr-/- mice. The use of animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with the approval number: PZSHUTCM2412200007. 19A forms stable interactions with FXR, enhancing its transcriptional activity. In vitro, 19A inhibited LPS-induced NO release and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, reduced IκBα degradation and phosphorylation, and decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation; these anti-inflammatory and NF-κB-inhibitory effects were markedly attenuated or abolished in Fxr-/- BMDMs. In wild-type mice, 19A markedly improved LPS-induced lung dysfunction, reduced lung index and BALF total protein, alleviated structural damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, and downregulated pulmonary inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. In contrast, these protective effects of 19A were largely lost in Fxr-/- mice. In summary, the Saposhnikoviae Radix chromone 19A attenuates LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory responses and ALI in mice by activating FXR and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Compound 19A may serve as a lead candidate for ALI prevention and treatment based on the chromone scaffold of Saposhnikoviae Radix, providing experimental support for the modernization of the traditional Chinese medicine Fangfeng and the development of new therapeutics for ALI.

acute lung injury  /  Saposhnikoviae Radix  /  chromone 19A  /  farnesoid X receptor  /  NF-κB
谢苏薇, 曾涛, 王汛江, 杨心茹, 李家维, 尤婉莹, 丁丽丽, 冯陈国, 王旭. 防风色原酮19A通过激活FXR抑制NF-κB通路改善小鼠急性肺损伤. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2502 -2513 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1525
Su-wei XIE, Tao ZENG, Xun-jiang WANG, Xin-ru YANG, Jia-wei LI, Wan-ying YOU, Li-li DING, Chen-guo FENG, Xu WANG. Saposhnikoviae Radix chromone 19A ameliorates acute lung injury in mice by activating FXR and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2502 -2513 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1525
急性肺损伤(acute lung injury, ALI) 是由多种肺内外致病因素(如肺炎、败血症、休克、呼吸道细菌或病毒感染等) 引起的急性弥漫性炎症性肺损伤, 可导致严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征[1]。其核心病理特征包括炎性细胞浸润、肺泡壁增厚及肺水肿, 严重情况下形成炎性风暴, 导致急性呼吸衰竭和死亡[2]。尽管现代医学不断进步, 但ALI过高的死亡率仍未得到有效控制, 给全球公共卫生系统带来了持续且沉重的负担。目前, 该疾病的病理生理过程与发病机制尚未被完全揭示[3]。当前临床对策主要局限于机械通气和皮质类固醇等对症治疗手段, 尚缺乏有效的治疗药物可以降低死亡率和改善预后[4]。因此, 阐明ALI关键发病机制并开发新型干预靶点已成为呼吸与危重症领域亟待解决的重要问题。
法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor, FXR) 是核受体超家族成员之一, 由NR1H4基因编码, 最初在肝脏和小肠等胆汁酸(bile acid, BA) 经典靶器官中被发现, 主要参与胆汁酸及脂质代谢稳态的调控。近年来研究发现, FXR在肺、血管等“非经典”BA靶器官中亦有表达[5-8], 包括肺泡上皮细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞和肺血管内皮细胞等[9-11], 参与肺缺血再灌注损伤、肺纤维化、肺癌及ALI等多种肺部疾病的病理过程[12-16]。既往研究显示, FXR特异性配体可通过激活FXR, 抑制核因子κB (NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK) 和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K/AKT) 等炎症信号通路, 从而减轻细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的ALI, 并通过抗氧化应激、促进上皮修复及维持肺泡-毛细血管屏障完整性等多重机制发挥综合保护作用[17-19], 提示靶向FXR有望成为ALI干预的新策略。
防风为伞形科植物Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.的干燥根, 是临床常用解表祛风药, 广泛用于风寒感冒、风湿痹痛及过敏性疾病等, 现代研究证实其具有抗炎、抗氧化、镇痛及免疫调节等作用, 其中以色原酮类为主要药效物质, 亥茅酚及其苷类为代表性活性成分[20]。化合物19A具有典型色原酮骨架, 是亥茅酚及其苷类合成的关键中间体, 并在多种天然植物中以游离形式存在, 可视为防风色原酮化学骨架的代表分子。基于防风在传统“祛风止痛、解表散寒”及现代“抗炎、抗过敏”等方面的应用, 本课题组推测其色原酮类成分在炎症相关肺损伤中具有潜在保护作用。因此, 本研究选取防风色原酮代表化合物19A, 采用经典的LPS诱导急性肺损伤模型, 并结合临床相关性更高的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, E. coli) 模型, 共同评价其对ALI的保护作用[21-23], 重点考察其是否通过FXR调控NF-κB信号通路发挥抗炎效应, 并结合FXR基因敲除模型进行验证, 为防风药效物质基础阐明及ALI新药研发提供实验依据。
实验动物  SPF级C57BL/6野生型雄性小鼠, 8~9周龄, 体重21~23 g, 购于上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司, 合格证号: SCXK (沪) 2022-0004。小鼠饲养于上海中医药大学实验动物中心, 使用许可SYXK (沪) 2020-0009。小鼠适应性饲养1周后进行实验, 实验期间自由摄食和饮水。动物实验方案遵循上海中医药大学动物伦理委员会规定且通过批准(批准号: PZSHUTCM2412200007), 实验期间严格遵循国家和上海中医药大学动物中心动物使用管理条例进行。
实验试剂  细菌LPS、GW4064 (L2630、G5172, 美国Sigma公司); 大肠杆菌(ATCC25922, 广东菌种宝藏中心); DMEM培养基、胎牛血清(BM003、Z718FB500, 美国Zeta Life公司); IFN-γ、CCK-8检测试剂盒、蛋白水解酶(HY-P7071、HY-K0301、HY-114158, 上海皓元生物医药科技有限公司); 双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒(2306140, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 盐酸萘乙二胺、磺胺、磷酸(M10623702、30172216、10015408, 国药集团化学试剂公司); Evo M-MLV反转录试剂盒、SYBR Green Pro Taq HS预混型qPCR试剂盒(AG11706、AG11718, 湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司); RNA提取试剂盒(R711-01, 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司); Omni-EasyTM即用型BCA蛋白定量试剂盒(ZJ102, 上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司); NF-κB p65一抗(sc-8008, 美国Santa Cruz公司)、p-NF-κB p65一抗(3033S, 美国Cell Signaling Technology公司); 鼠二抗、兔二抗(AS003、AS014, 武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司)。
动物分组及造模  C57BL/6J雄性小鼠适应性饲养1周后, 随机分为5组: 正常对照组(CTRL)、模型组(LPS, 5 mg·kg-1)、阳性药组(LPS+DEX, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1)、19A低剂量组(LPS+19A-L, 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1)、19A高剂量组(LPS+19A-H, 1 mg·kg-1·d-1); 正常对照组小鼠气管滴注生理盐水, 其余组小鼠滴注LPS, 建立ALI小鼠模型。FXR基因敲除纯合子(Fxr-/-) 近交系小鼠由美国希望之城国家医学研究中心黄文栋教授课题组捐赠, 并转移至上海中医药大学实验动物中心饲养, 经繁育获得雄性敲除小鼠用于实验, 将Fxr-/-小鼠随机分为3组: 正常对照组(Fxr-/-CTRL)、模型组(Fxr-/-LPS) 和19A组(Fxr-/-LPS+19A, 1 mg·kg-1·d-1), 同时与野生型(wild type, WT) 小鼠对照: 正常对照组(CTRL)、模型组(LPS) 和19A组(LPS+19A, 1 mg·kg-1·d-1)。大肠杆菌造模实验分组: 正常对照组(CTRL)、模型组(E. coli, 每只3×106 CFU)、阳性药组(E. coli+DEX, 5 mg·kg-1·d-1)、19A组(E. coli+19A, 1 mg·kg-1·d-1)。给药期间观察小鼠活动、毛发顺滑程度、肺部呼吸情况, 实验结束后, 动物颈椎脱臼处死, 收集血清并获得肺泡灌洗液、新鲜肺组织, 迅速于-80 ℃保存, 用于后续生化分析。
菌液培养及计数  取适量LB培养基, 在37 ℃摇床过夜, 取种子菌液50 µL加入到15 mL培养液中, 每小时检测A600并涂板计数, 统计生长曲线。
BMDM细胞实验  取8~10周龄C57BL/6J雄性小鼠后腿, 剥肉留骨, 剪去骨头两端, 用含2% FBS的PBS冲洗出骨内细胞, 经离心、裂红得到细胞, 用含20 ng·mL-1 M-CSF的完全培养基重悬细胞于细胞培养皿内, 培养第6天用100 ng·mL-1 LPS和20 ng·mL-1 IFN-γ诱导细胞炎症, 经19A干预24 h检测对应指标。
细胞增殖毒性检测实验  将BMDM悬液接种于96孔板中, 培养第6天, 加入含有不同浓度化合物的新培养基, 对照组加入等量新培养基, 给药24 h后, 弃去旧培养基, 加入含10% CCK-8试剂的新培养基, 37 ℃孵育30 min, 按照CCK-8试剂盒说明书, 使用酶标仪在450 nm波长下检测吸光度并计算细胞存活率。
一氧化氮释放检测实验  Griess试剂A的制备: 将10 mg盐酸萘乙二胺溶解于10 mL双蒸水中; Griess试剂B的制备: 将100 mg磺胺溶解于10 mL 5%磷酸中, Griess试剂A和B等体积混合, 组成Griess试剂反应液。以含有LPS和不同浓度化合物的新培养基刺激24 h后, 取细胞上清液与Griess试剂反应液各50 μL均匀混合, 使用酶标仪在540 nm下检测并计算各组NO释放量。
双荧光素酶报告基因检测实验  采用HEK293T细胞进行实验。参照Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂盒说明, 将HEK293T细胞按25∶25∶50∶1的比例共转染hFXR、hRXR、EcRE和β-gail质粒6 h, 给药处理24 h。收集细胞并按照双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒说明书进行操作, 于酶标仪上检测luciferase报告基因活性。
分子对接实验  按照CB-Dock2平台步骤, 准备FXR蛋白.pdb文件和化合物19A的3D结构.mol2文件, 在CB-Dock2平台选择对接口袋并进行分子对接[24, 25]。
细胞热转移实验(CETSA)  药物与蛋白共孵育2 h后, 将样品均分为6等份, 依次在不同温度梯度下加热处理3 min; 通过液氮反复冻融3次以实现蛋白裂解, 离心后收集上清液并转移至新的EP管中; 向上清中加入适量5× loading buffer, 于95 ℃水浴锅中孵育5 min, 置于-20 ℃条件下保存。
药物亲和反应靶向稳定性实验(DARTS)  样本采用非变性裂解缓冲液通过液氮反复冻融3次以确保细胞充分裂解; 经蛋白定量后, 将样品浓度统一调整至4~6 μg·μL-1; 随后, 向样品中加入化合物19A, 于室温孵育1 h。孵育结束后, 加入稀释比例为1∶600的蛋白水解酶, 室温反应30 min后, 立即加入5× loading buffer, 并于95 ℃加热5 min以终止反应, 所得样品于-20 ℃保存备用。
蛋白免疫印迹实验  取小鼠肺组织样本, 加入含有蛋白酶和磷酸酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液, 4 ℃充分碾磨, 离心取上清液。用BCA蛋白测定试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。蛋白变性后, 取30 μg蛋白进行蛋白免疫印迹分析检测目标蛋白。以内参蛋白GAPDH为参照, 计算目的蛋白的相对表达量。
实时荧光定量PCR实验  取肺组织样本, 放于1.5 mL EP管中, 于组织研磨仪中匀浆后按照RNA提取试剂盒说明书提取RNA。使用超微量分光光度仪NanoDrop2000测定总RNA浓度和纯度。按照Evo M-MLV反转录试剂盒说明书, 配制20 μL反转录体系, 采用PCR仪进行逆转录, 所得cDNA于-20 ℃保存备用。使用QuantStudio 5实时荧光定量PCR仪进行扩增反应, 根据仪器所测得的CT值, 以β-actin为内参基因, 采用2-△△CT法计算目标基因的相对表达量, 引物序列信息见表1。
肺大叶病理学染色  取肺大叶置于4%多聚甲醛固定液中固定, 常规石蜡包埋后切片, 脱蜡后, 按照说明书进行苏木精-伊红染色, 脱水、封片, 于光学显微镜下观察肺组织形态变化。
统计学处理  使用GraphPad Prism 9.5.1软件进行统计学处理, 实验结果均以x ± s表示, 多组间比较采用方差分析(one way ANOVA), P < 0.05认为具有统计学意义。
分子对接实验表明, 化合物19A在GLN424、LYS219和ILE216位点与FXR蛋白结合, 且其结合活性较强, 结合分数为-7.8 (图1A); 通过双荧光素酶报告实验发现, 19A显著增强了FXR的转录活性(图1B); DARTS与CETSA结果表明, 19A能够与FXR结合, 降低FXR蛋白的水解程度(图1C)、提升其热稳定性(图1D、E)。考虑到巨噬细胞在ALI发病机制中的关键作用, 评估19A对巨噬细胞功能的影响, 特别是对NO释放的调节作用。CCK-8实验结果表明, 19A在1、2.5、5、10、25、50、75和100 μmol·L-1浓度下, 对BMDM活性未产生显著影响(图1F)。进一步研究发现, LPS诱导激活的巨噬细胞会大量释放NO, 而19A处理则显著抑制了NO的释放(图1G), 提示19A具有强效的抑制NO释放作用, 并且未表现出细胞毒性。为了进一步评估19A的抗炎效果, 通过检测LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中Il-6、Il-1β和Tnf-α的mRNA表达水平, 发现19A显著抑制了这些炎症因子的过度表达(图1H~J), 展现了其抗炎作用。FXR在炎症反应调节中主要通过反向调控NF-κB通路发挥重要作用。Western blot分析结果显示, 19A显著减少IκBα降解及磷酸化, 抑制NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化水平(图K), 从而发挥抗炎作用。这些结果表明, 19A增加了FXR的转录活性并抑制了LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症反应。
为了深入研究19A的抗炎作用是否依赖于核受体FXR的作用, 提取Fxr-/-小鼠BMDM, 分为野生型BMDM和Fxr-/- BMDM (CTRL组、LPS+IFN-γ组、LPS+IFN-γ+19A组)。实验结果显示, 在野生型BMDM中, 19A显著降低LPS诱导的NO释放, 显著降低炎症因子Il-6、Il-1β和Tnf-α的mRNA表达水平, 减少IκBα降解及磷酸化, 抑制NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化水平, Fxr-/- BMDM中, 19A降低NO释放作用消失(图2A), 降低Il-6、Il-1β和Tnf-α的mRNA表达水平减弱(图2B~D), 减少IκBα降解及磷酸化和抑制NF-κB p65蛋白磷酸化水平作用减弱, 并且Fxr-/-LPS组NF-κB p65磷酸化水平较野生型LPS组加剧(图2E、F)。综上所述, 19A依赖FXR发挥抗炎作用。
LPS诱导的肺部炎症模型是研究急性肺损伤肺部炎症反应机制的经典实验模型。本研究探讨了19A对LPS诱导的ALI小鼠肺功能的影响。与对照组相比, LPS诱导的ALI小鼠表现出呼吸不顺、毛发出油、精神萎靡、严重者眼睛出现白色分泌物, 而DEX和19A处理显著改善了小鼠呼吸情况, 减少毛发出油。肺功能结果表示, 与LPS组相比, DEX和19A处理, 显著降低LPS小鼠吸气持续时间(inspiratory time, Ti)、呼气持续时间(expiratory time, Te) 和气道狭窄指数(enhanced pause, Penh), 改善呼吸阻塞情况(图3A~C); 显著上调呼吸频率(respiratory frequency, Rf) 和分钟通气量(minute volume, Mv), 改善肺通气情况(图3D、E)。此外, LPS诱导的ALI小鼠肺部会出现严重肺水肿和肺屏障破坏, DEX和19A处理后显著降低肺指数和肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度, 改善肺水肿和肺部渗漏(图3F、G)。上述结果表明, 19A显著减轻LPS诱导的ALI小鼠的肺功能状况。
本研究检测了ALI小鼠肺部炎症的严重程度。H&E染色情况表明, 在对照组小鼠中, 肺组织显示肺泡结构完整, 肺泡隔薄, 几乎没有炎症浸润; 在LPS诱导的小鼠中, 肺组织表现出典型的急性肺损伤病理特征, 肺泡结构紊乱, 大量肺泡壁融合、增宽, 及严重的炎性细胞浸润; 给予DEX和19A处理后, 肺组织结构明显改善, 炎症浸润区域显著减少(图4A、B)。肺组织的实时荧光定量PCR结果显示, 与正常小鼠相比, LPS滴注的小鼠肺组织中Il-6、Il-1β和Tnf-α的mRNA表达增加; 然而, DEX和19A处理的LPS滴注的小鼠中这些炎症细胞因子mRNA表达明显下降(图4C~E)。Western blot结果表示, 与LPS组小鼠肺组织内NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平相比, DEX和19A处理的小鼠IκBα降解及其磷酸化和NF-κB p65磷酸化水平显著下降(图4F、G), 表示19A抑制NF-κB通路, 发挥抗炎作用。
为了深入研究19A在治疗急性肺损伤中是否依赖于核受体FXR的作用, 本研究进行FXR缺失小鼠实验, 分为对照组(Fxr-/-CTRL)、模型组(Fxr-/-LPS) 和19A组(Fxr-/-LPS+19A), 同时与野生型小鼠对照。首先, 在野生型小鼠中, 19A处理后显著降低肺指数和肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度; 肺功能结果表示, 19A处理显著降低LPS小鼠肺功能的Ti、Te和Penh (图5A~C); 显著上调Rf和Mv (图5D、E), 改善LPS诱导的ALI小鼠肺功能。在Fxr-/-小鼠中, 给予19A治疗后, 肺指数和肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度并没有降低, Fxr-/-LPS组肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度比野生型LPS组小鼠更高(图5F、G), 表示更严重的组织渗漏情况, 这暗示FXR的缺失可能阻断了19A的治疗效果; 进一步的肺功能分析结果显示, Fxr-/-LPS+19A组肺功能指标中Mv有微弱的改善趋势(图5E), 但没有显著性, 而Ti、Te、Penh、Rf没有改善(图5A~D)。H&E染色结果表明, Fxr-/-CTRL组肺泡结构正常, Fxr-/-LPS+19A与Fxr-/-LPS相比, 炎症浸润程度未降低(图6A、B)。PCR结果显示, Fxr-/-LPS+19A与Fxr-/-LPS相比, Il-6、Il-1β和Tnf-α的mRNA表达未显著下降, 反而Fxr-/-LPS与野生型LPS组相比Il-1β和Tnf-α的mRNA表达有升高趋势(图6C~E), 表示缺失FXR后LPS模型炎症水平更严重。Western blot结果表示, 19A并未改善IκBα降解和磷酸化, 及降低NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化水平的作用减弱, 且Fxr-/-LPS和Fxr-/-LPS+19A组NF-κB p65蛋白的磷酸化程度加剧(图6F~I)。综上所述, 这些数据验证了19A治疗ALI的潜力, 而FXR的缺失显著削弱了19A对ALI的治疗效果, 这证实了19A通过FXR抑制NF-κB通路来改善小鼠急性肺损伤的作用机制, 为进一步研究19A作为治疗ALI的潜在药物提供了坚实的实验依据。
本研究评估了19A对E.coli诱导的ALI小鼠的作用。与模型组相比, DEX和19A处理后显著降低小鼠(Ti、Te、Penh, 图7A~C)、上调(Rf和Mv, 图7D、E), 缓解小鼠肺部呼吸状况; 此外DEX和19A处理显著降低肺指数(图7F) 和总蛋白浓度(图7G), 改善肺水肿和肺组织渗漏; H&E染色结果表明, ALI小鼠肺部出现炎症细胞浸润伴红细胞渗出, DEX和19A处理后小鼠肺泡结构较E. coli组清晰, 病理损伤减轻(图7H、I), 且肺组织内的细菌载量减少(图7J); 在分子水平上, 19A处理下调了肺部炎症因子Il-6、Il-1β、Tnf-α的基因表达(图7K~M), 抑制IκBα降解及磷酸化并降低了NF-κB p65蛋白磷酸化水平(图7N、O), 表明其可通过抑制NF-κB通路缓解肺部炎症反应。
ALI/ARDS是重症监护病房常见的危重综合征, 其发病率和病死率长期居高不下[26, 27]。目前临床尚缺乏公认有效的靶向药物, 因此寻找具有明确作用靶点和较好安全性的候选化合物具有重要意义。近年来, 大量研究表明FXR在胆汁酸代谢外还具有重要的免疫和抗炎调节作用, 尤其在巨噬细胞中通过抑制NF-κB活化, 下调Il-6、Il-1β、Tnf-α等关键促炎基因的表达[28, 29]。在多种肺损伤模型(包括LPS及博莱霉素诱导的肺损伤) 中, FXR的激活被证明可抑制炎症、促进组织修复和减轻纤维化[9, 30-32]。FXR亦广泛表达于自然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞等免疫细胞中, 对炎症反应的发生和终止具有重要调控意义[33]。
防风是临床常用的传统中药, 其现代药理研究证实具有抗炎、镇痛、抗过敏和免疫调节等多种作用, 其中色原酮类成分被认为是其重要药效物质基础。化合物19A属于典型色原酮骨架, 既是亥茅酚及其苷类的重要合成中间体, 又在多种天然植物中以游离形式存在, 兼具“天然属性”和“合成可及性”, 具有良好的先导分子特征。本研究通过分子对接和双荧光素酶实验首先证实, 19A可与FXR配体结合域形成稳定结合, 且显著增强FXR转录活性。在巨噬细胞中, 本研究结果清晰表明, 19A能显著抑制LPS诱导的NO释放及Il-6、Il-1β、Tnf-α等促炎因子mRNA表达, 抑制IκBα降解及磷酸化, 并降低NF-κB p65磷酸化水平; 而在Fxr-/- BMDM中, 上述抗炎效应明显减弱乃至消失, 且FXR缺失本身可加重LPS诱导的NF-κB活化。这一结果提示: 一方面, 19A的抗炎作用依赖于FXR; 另一方面, 内源性FXR活性对于限制过度炎症反应具有重要保护意义。
在体内LPS诱导的ALI模型中, 19A可明显改善小鼠一般状态和肺功能指标, 降低肺指数和BALF蛋白浓度, 减轻肺水肿和肺屏障破坏; 组织学分析显示19A可显著改善肺泡结构紊乱和炎性细胞浸润。分子水平上, 19A下调肺组织Il-6、Il-1β、Tnf-α mRNA表达, 抑制IκBα降解及磷酸化, 降低NF-κB p65磷酸化, 提示其在体内同样通过抑制NF-κB信号通路发挥抗炎及器官保护作用。与norwogonin等中药活性成分通过Src/AKT1/NF-κB或TLR4/NLRP3等轴改善ALI的报道相比[34, 35], 本研究突出强调了“FXR-NF-κB”这一核受体-炎症通路偶联模式, 为传统中药防风色原酮类成分在ALI中的作用机制提供了新的靶点视角。
更为关键的是, 在Fxr-/-小鼠中, 19A对肺功能、肺指数、BALF蛋白浓度、肺组织炎症浸润及对NF-κB通路的抑制作用几乎完全丧失, 且Fxr-/-小鼠在LPS刺激下表现出更为严重的肺部炎症损伤和屏障渗漏。这一证据从整体水平进一步确认了FXR是19A发挥体内保护作用的必需靶点, FXR缺失不仅削弱19A疗效, 还会放大LPS诱导的炎症级联反应。
综合本研究分子、细胞及动物多层次证据认为: 防风色原酮类代表化合物19A是一种有效的FXR激动剂, 通过激活FXR、抑制NF-κB信号通路, 从而在体内外显著减轻LPS诱导的炎症反应和急性肺损伤[36]。19A不仅为ALI药物研发提供了一个基于FXR的天然小分子先导化合物, 也进一步丰富了FXR在肺部免疫稳态与炎症调控中的功能内涵。进一步地, 在由E. coli诱导的ALI模型中, 19A同样表现出显著的抗炎活性, 并能有效改善肺部损伤, 这证实了其疗效具有跨模型的一致性。综上所述, 19A为防风及其色原酮类成分的现代化开发提供了新的理论依据和实验支撑。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1525
  • 接收时间:2025-12-17
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-17
  • 修回日期:2026-03-01
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    1上海中医药大学中药研究所, 中药功效成分发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 中药标准化教育部重点实验室, 中药新资源与品质评价国家中医药管理局重点研究室, 上海 201203
    2上海中医药大学创新中药研究院手性药物研究中心, 上海 201203

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Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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