Article(id=1308841914917553001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1336, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762790400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-11, revisedDate=1766937600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981829622, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1783785600000, pubDateStr=2026-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981829622, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981829622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981829622, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841897058198067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='7', pageStart='2377', pageEnd='2820', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783785600000', pubDateStr='2026-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981825365, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984154811, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851667525792022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841897058198067, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2487, endPage=2494, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841915139851114, articleId=1308841914917553001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The combination of berberine and stachyose improves metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in KKAy mice, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of the combination of berberine (BBR) and stachyose (Sta) in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice. KKAy mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 14 per group): Model control (model), stachyose (Sta, 200 mg·kg-1), berberine (BBR, 100 mg·kg-1), and BBR + Sta (100 mg·kg-1 BBR + 200 mg·kg-1 Sta), with oral gavage of water, Sta, BBR, and BBR + Sta respectively for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, serum and liver tissues were collected, the liver weight was measured, and liver index was calculated. Lipid content and oxidative stress-related indicators in liver were measured. Meanwhile, the levels of lipid, transaminase, and oxidative stress in serum were determined. The expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in the hepatic tissues were detected using qPCR. The number of macrophages in the liver tissues was measured by flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that the combination of BBR and Sta significantly reduced the liver index, decreased hepatic contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and malonaldehyde (MDA), improved liver histomorphology, attenuated lipid deposition, lowered serum lipids and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and suppressed the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes [fatty acid synthetase (Fasn), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp1c)] and inflammation-related genes [interleukin-6 (Il-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1)] in hepatic tissues. Furthermore, the combination treatment reduced the total number of hepatic macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+) and M1 macrophages (F4/80+CD11c+), and attenuated the antigen-presenting capacity of macrophages. Notably, BBR combined with Sta was superior to BBR alone in reducing blood lipids and inhibiting the expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory genes Il-6. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in alleviating hepatic macrophage infiltration and improving oxidative stress indicators. Collectively, the combination of BBR and Sta exerts anti-MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) effects by ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as reducing macrophage number and weakening its function. Furthermore, the effects of the combination in improving MASLD are better than BBR alone. These findings suggest that BBR combined with Sta is a potential effective strategy for the treatment of MASLD. The animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.

, authors=Hui CAO1, 2, Sheng-yu WEN1, Quan LIU1, 2, Lei LEI1, 2, Yi HUAN1, 2, Zhu-fang SHEN1, 2, Shuai-nan LIU1, 2, *, Cai-na LI1, 2, *, authorsList=Hui CAO, Sheng-yu WEN, Quan LIU, Lei LEI, Yi HUAN, Zhu-fang SHEN, Shuai-nan LIU, Cai-na LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuai-nan LIU, Cai-na LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841918113612665, articleId=1308841914917553001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=小檗碱和水苏糖联用改善KKAy小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探讨小檗碱(berberine, BBR) 和水苏糖(stachyose, Sta) 联用对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的肝脏保护作用。将KKAy小鼠随机分为模型对照组(model)、水苏糖组(Sta, 200 mg·kg-1)、小檗碱组(BBR, 100 mg·kg-1) 及联用组(BBR+Sta, 100 mg·kg-1 BBR + 200 mg·kg-1 Sta), 每组14只, 每日灌胃给药一次, 连续8周。实验结束后, 分离小鼠血清和肝脏, 记录肝脏重量并计算肝脏指数, 检测肝脏脂质含量和氧化应激相关指标, 评估肝脏脂肪变性程度, 同时测定血清中的脂质含量、转氨酶水平及氧化应激相关指标, 以及采用qPCR考察肝脏中脂质代谢和炎症相关基因的表达水平, 运用流式细胞术检测肝脏中巨噬细胞数量。结果表明: BBR和Sta联用可明显降低KKAy小鼠的肝脏指数, 减少肝脏中甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)、丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA) 含量, 改善肝脏组织形态, 减少脂质沉积, 降低血脂和血丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 水平, 并抑制肝脏中脂质合成相关基因——脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthetase, Fasn)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, Srebp1c) 及炎症相关基因——白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, Il-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, Tnf-α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, Mcp-1) 的表达, 减少肝脏中巨噬细胞(CD11b+F4/80+) 及M1型巨噬细胞(F4/80+CD11c+) 数量, 并减弱巨噬细胞抗原提呈能力。联用组在降低血脂及抑制肝脏促炎基因Il-6表达方面的作用优于BBR单药; 两组在减轻肝脏巨噬细胞浸润和改善氧化应激指标方面无明显差异。综上, BBR和Sta联用通过改善肝脏脂质堆积、炎症及氧化应激, 降低巨噬细胞数量和功能等途径发挥抗代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD) 作用, 且整体效果优于BBR单用。提示小檗碱和水苏糖联用是一种治疗MASLD的潜在有效方案。本研究涉及的动物实验经中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会的审查批准。

, authors=曹慧1, 2, 文晟昱1, 刘泉1, 2, 雷蕾1, 2, 环奕1, 2, 申竹芳1, 2, 刘率男1, 2, *, 李彩娜1, 2, *, authorsList=曹慧, 文晟昱, 刘泉, 雷蕾, 环奕, 申竹芳, 刘率男, 李彩娜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘率男, 李彩娜, authorNote=

作者贡献:

曹慧负责完成相关实验、实验数据分析及撰写论文; 文晟昱、刘泉、雷蕾、环奕参与动物实验及实验数据分析; 申竹芳负责课题指导; 刘率男、李彩娜指导实验方案设计并进行论文修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘率男, E-mail:
李彩娜, Tel: 86-10-63165194, E-mail:
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Natural history of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [J]. Eur J Intern Med, 2024, 122: 3-10., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841924618978253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Younossi ZM, Kalligeros M, Henry L. Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [J]. 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J Hepato, 2020, l72: 558-577., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841918411408250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841918419796859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, companyId=1308841918411408250, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841918432379772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, companyId=1308841918411408250, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841918520460157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841918528848766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, companyId=1308841918520460157, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841918541431679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, companyId=1308841918520460157, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308841923008365498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CgkQrIwKiSTkIV1fPg2a4g==, figureFileBig=IfPXb/fe+Bn3RLfZ8Q4rcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923088057275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of BBR combined with Sta on hepatic lipid levels in KKAy mice. A: Liver coefficient (n = 9); B, C: The TG and TC levels in liver tissues (n = 11 or 12). x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model, figureFileSmall=CgkQrIwKiSTkIV1fPg2a4g==, figureFileBig=IfPXb/fe+Bn3RLfZ8Q4rcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923306161084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=e/1yHb1XbKm2YKa2mAn7WQ==, figureFileBig=qnBoKqYxl1vr0RMub5CCsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923398435773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of BBR combined with Sta on blood lipid and liver injury in KKAy mice. A: Blood TG; B: Blood TC; C: Blood ALT; D: Blood AST. n = 12-14, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model; #P < 0.05 vs BBR. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, figureFileSmall=e/1yHb1XbKm2YKa2mAn7WQ==, figureFileBig=qnBoKqYxl1vr0RMub5CCsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923490710462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Nc5s+cbFgBtqWDrFKoOtKw==, figureFileBig=gouQ663dQBSksTl1bkkDlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923591373759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of BBR combined with Sta on hepatic steatosis in KKAy mice. A: Pathological morphology of liver tissues with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Magnification: 400×, scale bar: 100 μm; B: The score of hepatic steatosis; C-E: The expression levels of genes associated with lipid metabolism in liver tissues. n = 8 (A and B), n = 5 or 6 (C-E), x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model, figureFileSmall=Nc5s+cbFgBtqWDrFKoOtKw==, figureFileBig=gouQ663dQBSksTl1bkkDlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923671065536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rvMcFAeO/fw7qPbHBg7zUA==, figureFileBig=Vn84xFSUsJnarEbCzfAM9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923742368705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of BBR combined with Sta on serum oxidative stress in KKAy mice. The levels of NO, iNOS, MDA, and SOD in serum were detected according to the manufacturer's instructions. n = 13 or 14, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs model. NO: Nitric oxide; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; SOD: Superoxide dismutase, figureFileSmall=rvMcFAeO/fw7qPbHBg7zUA==, figureFileBig=Vn84xFSUsJnarEbCzfAM9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923822060482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jWL/UdP0ERSEa2i4Pr5qIg==, figureFileBig=5ZDYRHukNBbt7uMXfDreOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923901752259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of BBR combined with Sta on hepatic oxidative stress in KKAy mice. The levels of NO, iNOS, MDA, and SOD in hepatic tissues were detected according to the manufacturer's protocols. n = 10-13, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs model, figureFileSmall=jWL/UdP0ERSEa2i4Pr5qIg==, figureFileBig=5ZDYRHukNBbt7uMXfDreOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841923981444036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JVtmRpPJuFVXxsJXWOZL+g==, figureFileBig=mMyEMlxRagjP36ojM+tCsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841924040164293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of BBR combined with Sta on hepatic inflammation in KKAy mice. Relative expression levels of Il-6, Mcp-1, Tnf-α, Il-10 gene in hepatic tissues. n = 6-8 (A and B), n = 5-7 (C and D), x ± s. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs model; #P < 0.05 vs BBR, figureFileSmall=JVtmRpPJuFVXxsJXWOZL+g==, figureFileBig=mMyEMlxRagjP36ojM+tCsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841924103078854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Nb7NE7B6DefOC73jgKc+Uw==, figureFileBig=LV7AXMtVcO0B6ZVZsxB/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841924165993415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of BBR combined with Sta on the proportion and function of macrophage in hepatic tissues. A: Representative flow cytometry staining images for CD11b, CD11c, F4/80, and MHC-Ⅱ on gated CD45.2+ cells in liver non-parenchymal cells; B: Statistical analysis of the macrophage (CD11b+F4/80+), M1 macrophage (F4/80+CD11c+), and MHC-Ⅱ expressed on macrophage surface (F4/80+MHC-Ⅱ+). n = 3 or 4, x ± s. *P < 0.05 vs model, figureFileSmall=Nb7NE7B6DefOC73jgKc+Uw==, figureFileBig=LV7AXMtVcO0B6ZVZsxB/1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841924241490888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupFBG/mg·dL-1TC/mg·dL-1TG/mg·dL-1BW/g
Model272.6 ± 59.0105.4 ± 18.7162.1 ± 40.046.5 ± 1.3
Sta272.4 ± 64.4103.1 ± 19.5162.6 ± 48.846.5 ± 1.3
BBR270.0 ± 56.2104.8 ± 16.1161.0 ± 54.346.5 ± 2.5
BBR + Sta270.7 ± 57.0104.8 ± 12.3164.9 ± 41.246.6 ± 1.8
), ArticleFig(id=1308841924312794057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Data for animal grouping. n = 14, x ± s. FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; BW: Body weight; BBR: Berberine; Sta: Stachyose

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupFBG/mg·dL-1TC/mg·dL-1TG/mg·dL-1BW/g
Model272.6 ± 59.0105.4 ± 18.7162.1 ± 40.046.5 ± 1.3
Sta272.4 ± 64.4103.1 ± 19.5162.6 ± 48.846.5 ± 1.3
BBR270.0 ± 56.2104.8 ± 16.1161.0 ± 54.346.5 ± 2.5
BBR + Sta270.7 ± 57.0104.8 ± 12.3164.9 ± 41.246.6 ± 1.8
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GenePrimer sequence (5'-3')
Il-6Forward: ACAACGATGATGCACTTGCAGA
Reverse: GATGAATTGGATGGTCTTGGTC
Il-10Forward: TGGCCCAGAAATCAAGGAGC
Reverse: CAGCAGACTCAATACACACT
Mcp-1Forward: CCCTAGAAGCTCACCAAGGC
Reverse: GGTCTAGCCTCAACACCACC
Tnf-αForward: CACAGAAAGCATGATCCGCGACGT
Reverse: CGGCAGAGAGGAGGTTGACTTTCT
FasnForward: CTGCCTTCGGTTCAGTCTCTT
Reverse: GAGGCCACTTGTGGGGAATA
Srebp1cForward: CTGACAGGTGAAATCGGCG
Reverse: CTGTCTCACCCCCAGCATAG
PparαForward: TGCCTTCCCTGTGAACTGAC
Reverse: TGGGGAGAGAGGACAGATGG
β-actinForward: TGTGATGGTGGGAATGGGTCAG
Reverse: TTTGATGTCACGCACGATTTCC
), ArticleFig(id=1308841924476371915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841914917553001, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Primer sequences for qRT-PCR. Il: Interleukin; Tnf-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; Mcp-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; Fasn: Fatty acid synthetase; Srebp1c: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c; Pparα: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α

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GenePrimer sequence (5'-3')
Il-6Forward: ACAACGATGATGCACTTGCAGA
Reverse: GATGAATTGGATGGTCTTGGTC
Il-10Forward: TGGCCCAGAAATCAAGGAGC
Reverse: CAGCAGACTCAATACACACT
Mcp-1Forward: CCCTAGAAGCTCACCAAGGC
Reverse: GGTCTAGCCTCAACACCACC
Tnf-αForward: CACAGAAAGCATGATCCGCGACGT
Reverse: CGGCAGAGAGGAGGTTGACTTTCT
FasnForward: CTGCCTTCGGTTCAGTCTCTT
Reverse: GAGGCCACTTGTGGGGAATA
Srebp1cForward: CTGACAGGTGAAATCGGCG
Reverse: CTGTCTCACCCCCAGCATAG
PparαForward: TGCCTTCCCTGTGAACTGAC
Reverse: TGGGGAGAGAGGACAGATGG
β-actinForward: TGTGATGGTGGGAATGGGTCAG
Reverse: TTTGATGTCACGCACGATTTCC
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小檗碱和水苏糖联用改善KKAy小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病
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曹慧 1, 2 , 文晟昱 1 , 刘泉 1, 2 , 雷蕾 1, 2 , 环奕 1, 2 , 申竹芳 1, 2 , 刘率男 1, 2, * , 李彩娜 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(7): 2487-2494
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (7) : 2487 -2494
小檗碱和水苏糖联用改善KKAy小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病
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曹慧1, 2, 文晟昱1, 刘泉1, 2, 雷蕾1, 2, 环奕1, 2, 申竹芳1, 2, 刘率男1, 2, * , 李彩娜1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050
通讯作者:
刘率男, E-mail:
李彩娜, Tel: 86-10-63165194, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

曹慧负责完成相关实验、实验数据分析及撰写论文; 文晟昱、刘泉、雷蕾、环奕参与动物实验及实验数据分析; 申竹芳负责课题指导; 刘率男、李彩娜指导实验方案设计并进行论文修改。

The combination of berberine and stachyose improves metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in KKAy mice
Hui CAO1, 2, Sheng-yu WEN1, Quan LIU1, 2, Lei LEI1, 2, Yi HUAN1, 2, Zhu-fang SHEN1, 2, Shuai-nan LIU1, 2, * , Cai-na LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2026-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1336
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探讨小檗碱(berberine, BBR) 和水苏糖(stachyose, Sta) 联用对自发性2型糖尿病KKAy小鼠的肝脏保护作用。将KKAy小鼠随机分为模型对照组(model)、水苏糖组(Sta, 200 mg·kg-1)、小檗碱组(BBR, 100 mg·kg-1) 及联用组(BBR+Sta, 100 mg·kg-1 BBR + 200 mg·kg-1 Sta), 每组14只, 每日灌胃给药一次, 连续8周。实验结束后, 分离小鼠血清和肝脏, 记录肝脏重量并计算肝脏指数, 检测肝脏脂质含量和氧化应激相关指标, 评估肝脏脂肪变性程度, 同时测定血清中的脂质含量、转氨酶水平及氧化应激相关指标, 以及采用qPCR考察肝脏中脂质代谢和炎症相关基因的表达水平, 运用流式细胞术检测肝脏中巨噬细胞数量。结果表明: BBR和Sta联用可明显降低KKAy小鼠的肝脏指数, 减少肝脏中甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)、丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA) 含量, 改善肝脏组织形态, 减少脂质沉积, 降低血脂和血丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT) 水平, 并抑制肝脏中脂质合成相关基因——脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthetase, Fasn)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, Srebp1c) 及炎症相关基因——白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, Il-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, Tnf-α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, Mcp-1) 的表达, 减少肝脏中巨噬细胞(CD11b+F4/80+) 及M1型巨噬细胞(F4/80+CD11c+) 数量, 并减弱巨噬细胞抗原提呈能力。联用组在降低血脂及抑制肝脏促炎基因Il-6表达方面的作用优于BBR单药; 两组在减轻肝脏巨噬细胞浸润和改善氧化应激指标方面无明显差异。综上, BBR和Sta联用通过改善肝脏脂质堆积、炎症及氧化应激, 降低巨噬细胞数量和功能等途径发挥抗代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD) 作用, 且整体效果优于BBR单用。提示小檗碱和水苏糖联用是一种治疗MASLD的潜在有效方案。本研究涉及的动物实验经中国医学科学院药物研究所实验动物管理和使用委员会的审查批准。

代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病  /  小檗碱  /  水苏糖  /  联合用药  /  肝脂肪变性

This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of the combination of berberine (BBR) and stachyose (Sta) in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice. KKAy mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 14 per group): Model control (model), stachyose (Sta, 200 mg·kg-1), berberine (BBR, 100 mg·kg-1), and BBR + Sta (100 mg·kg-1 BBR + 200 mg·kg-1 Sta), with oral gavage of water, Sta, BBR, and BBR + Sta respectively for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, serum and liver tissues were collected, the liver weight was measured, and liver index was calculated. Lipid content and oxidative stress-related indicators in liver were measured. Meanwhile, the levels of lipid, transaminase, and oxidative stress in serum were determined. The expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in the hepatic tissues were detected using qPCR. The number of macrophages in the liver tissues was measured by flow cytometry. Our findings revealed that the combination of BBR and Sta significantly reduced the liver index, decreased hepatic contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and malonaldehyde (MDA), improved liver histomorphology, attenuated lipid deposition, lowered serum lipids and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and suppressed the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes [fatty acid synthetase (Fasn), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp1c)] and inflammation-related genes [interleukin-6 (Il-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1)] in hepatic tissues. Furthermore, the combination treatment reduced the total number of hepatic macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+) and M1 macrophages (F4/80+CD11c+), and attenuated the antigen-presenting capacity of macrophages. Notably, BBR combined with Sta was superior to BBR alone in reducing blood lipids and inhibiting the expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory genes Il-6. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in alleviating hepatic macrophage infiltration and improving oxidative stress indicators. Collectively, the combination of BBR and Sta exerts anti-MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) effects by ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as reducing macrophage number and weakening its function. Furthermore, the effects of the combination in improving MASLD are better than BBR alone. These findings suggest that BBR combined with Sta is a potential effective strategy for the treatment of MASLD. The animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.

metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease  /  berberine  /  stachyose  /  combination  /  hepatic steatosis
曹慧, 文晟昱, 刘泉, 雷蕾, 环奕, 申竹芳, 刘率男, 李彩娜. 小檗碱和水苏糖联用改善KKAy小鼠代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2487 -2494 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1336
Hui CAO, Sheng-yu WEN, Quan LIU, Lei LEI, Yi HUAN, Zhu-fang SHEN, Shuai-nan LIU, Cai-na LI. The combination of berberine and stachyose improves metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in KKAy mice[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (7) : 2487 -2494 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1336
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD) 以肝实质细胞脂肪过度沉积为主要特征, 包括脂肪变性伴或不伴轻度炎症的代谢相关脂肪肝和以脂肪变性、肝细胞损伤和持续性炎症为特点的代谢相关脂肪性肝炎[1]。该疾病具有进行性发展的特点, 可进一步演变为肝纤维化、肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌。MASLD已成为最常见的慢性肝病, 其患病率呈持续上升趋势。目前, 全球约有38%成年人和7%~14%儿童和青少年患有MASLD; 预计到2040年, 成人患病率将攀升至55%[2]。MASLD是由遗传易感性、代谢紊乱和环境因素相互作用而引起, 其发病因素包括肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、炎症、氧化应激、脂毒性、不健康饮食和久坐不动的生活方式等[3]。尽管已有部分药物对MASLD具有一定改善作用, 但临床上仍缺乏有效且广泛适用的治疗手段。因此, 深入探索MASLD的潜在干预措施具有重要意义。
小檗碱(berberine, BBR) 是一种来源于黄连等植物的异喹啉类生物碱, 其在临床前及临床研究中已被证实具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、改善胰岛素抵抗、调节血糖血脂等多种药理作用[4]。此外, BBR还能改善MASLD相关的心血管并发症及动脉粥样硬化[5]。然而, BBR的水溶性差、口服吸收不佳和生物利用度低等问题, 加之常见的腹泻、便秘等胃肠道不良反应, 限制了其长期临床应用[6]。水苏糖(stachyose, Sta) 作为一种功能性低聚糖, 具有益生元特性, 能够改善肠道菌群组成及胃肠道环境、促进营养物质与抗氧化成分吸收, 并具有抗炎免疫及脂质调节功能[7, 8]。但BBR与Sta联合用于MASLD治疗的相关研究尚未见报道。
本课题组前期研究证实, BBR (100 mg·kg-1) 与Sta (200 mg·kg-1) 联用能缓解KKAy小鼠的全身炎症、减少肠道M1型巨噬细胞数量, 表现出明显的协同抗糖尿病作用[9]。鉴于KKAy小鼠具有肥胖、高血糖、高血脂、胰岛素抵抗及肝脏脂肪变性等一系列MASLD特征, 本研究拟采用该模型深入探讨BBR与Sta联合干预对MASLD的治疗潜力, 以期为后续临床应用与联合用药策略提供理论依据和科学支撑。
主要试剂及材料  小檗碱(东北制药集团股份有限公司, 纯度 > 98%, 批号: 0361502013); 水苏糖(中国医学科学院药物研究所提取并鉴定, 纯度 > 80%); 高脂饲料(美国Research Diets, 货号: D12451); 甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG) 和总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC) 测定试剂盒(中生北控生物科技股份有限公司, 货号: 100060102、100060092); 一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所, 货号: A013-2-1、A014-1-2、A003-1-2、A001-3-2、C009-2-1、C010-2-1); BCA试剂盒(北京普利莱基因技术有限公司, 货号: P1511); 胶原酶Ⅱ (美国Sigma公司, 货号: V900892); FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) 标记的anti-CD11b抗体(货号: 557396)、PE (phycoerythrin)-CY7标记的anti-CD11c抗体(货号: 558097), 美国BD公司; PE-CY5.5标记的anti-CD45.2抗体(货号: 109828)、APC (allophycocyanin) 标记的anti-F4/80抗体(货号: 123116), 美国Biolegend公司。qPCR所用TransScript One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix试剂盒和TransStart Green qPCRSuperMix试剂盒(北京全式金生物技术有限公司, 货号: AT311、AQ141-04)。
仪器  MQX200 μ-Quant酶标仪(美国BIO-TEK公司); 3-18K型低温高速离心机(德国Sigma公司); HZQ-C空气浴振荡器(哈尔滨东明医疗仪器厂); BS110S天平(德国Sartorius公司); 荧光定量qPCR仪(瑞士罗氏公司); 流式细胞仪(中国艾森生物); 冷冻研磨仪(北京赫得科技有限公司)。
实验动物  KKAy小鼠, 雌性, 12周龄, 购自北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司, 动物许可证号: SCXK (京)-2014-0004。动物饲养于中国医学科学院药物研究所动物实验中心SPF级动物房, 实验操作过程均按照中国医学科学院《药物研究所动物实验中心标准操作规程》及实验动物管理与使用委员会的要求执行, 并获得审查要求批准。
动物分组与给药  采用高脂饲料喂养KKAy小鼠6周后, 依据空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)、血TC和TG、体重等指标将小鼠随机分为4组(表1): 模型对照组(model)、水苏糖组(Sta, 200 mg·kg-1)、小檗碱组(BBR, 100 mg·kg-1) 及联用组(BBR + Sta, 100 mg·kg-1 BBR + 200 mg·kg-1 Sta), 每组14只。按0.05 mL/10 g体重灌胃给药, model组给予等体积的蒸馏水, 每日1次, 连续8周。
肝脏指数  给药8周后, 处理小鼠, 收集血样和肝脏组织。称量动物体重及肝组织重量, 并按照下面公式计算肝脏指数: 肝脏指数(%) = (肝脏重量/体重) ×100%。
肝脏脂质含量测定  称取适量肝脏组织样本, 加入相应体积的组织裂解液制成10%匀浆液; 然后以2 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取上清液, 并采用相应试剂盒测定肝脏中TC和TG的含量。
血清生化指标测定  按照相应试剂盒的操作说明, 测定血清中ALT、AST、NO、iNOS、MDA、SOD等指标。
肝脏生化指标测定  称取适量肝组织样本, 加入相应体积的生理盐水制成10%肝脏匀浆液, 然后按照相应试剂盒的操作说明, 测定肝脏中NO、iNOS、MDA、SOD的含量。同时使用BCA试剂盒测定组织蛋白浓度用于校正。
苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色  将肝脏组织用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定, 常规制作石蜡切片并进行HE染色。在显微镜下观察拍照, 分析肝细胞形态变化及肝脏脂肪变性情况。肝脏脂肪变性程度按照下列标准评分: 脂肪变性肝细胞比例 < 5%记0分, 在5%~33%之间记1分, 在34%~66%之间记2分, > 66%记3分[10]。
流式细胞检测与分析  分离小鼠的肝脏组织, 采用胶原酶Ⅱ消化肝脏组织, 制备肝非实质细胞单细胞悬液, 调整每毫升细胞数为2×107个, 取100 μL细胞悬液分装至EP管。按照流式抗体的操作说明加入相应体积的特定流式抗体, 混匀后, 置于4 ℃避光孵育30 min; 然后, 用预冷的PBS洗2次并用300 μL PBS溶液重悬细胞并混匀; 使用NovoCyte流式细胞仪(中国艾森生物有限公司) 进行检测并用NovoExpress流式细胞分析软件(中国艾森生物有限公司) 进行数据分析。
定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)  按照TriZol说明书制备并抽提肝脏组织中的RNA。取2 μg RNA用TransScript One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix试剂盒逆转录合成cDNA。随后, 通过TransStart Green qPCR SuperMix试剂盒检测肝脏组织中各基因的mRNA水平。qPCR使用的引物序列见表2。
统计学分析  实验数据表示为x ± s, 两组间比较采用非配对双尾student's t检验, 多组间比较采用one-way ANOVA和Dunnett检验, P < 0.05表示有显著性差异。采用GraphPad Prism 9.0进行绘图和统计分析。
与model组相比, BBR和Sta联用可明显降低肝脏指数及肝脏中TG和TC含量, 而BBR单用仅能降低肝脏TG含量, Sta单用对上述指标未见明显影响(图1)。提示: BBR和Sta联用在降低小鼠肝脏指数及脂质含量方面效果更佳。
在实验结束前两天检测小鼠的血脂水平, 结果如图2A、B所示, 与model组相比, BBR和Sta联用可显著降低小鼠血清TG和TC水平, 但BBR和Sta单用均无明显作用。进一步分析发现, 与BBR单药相比, 联用组的血脂水平明显降低。此外, 联用组和BBR单用组小鼠的血ALT水平均显著降低, 血AST水平无明显变化(图2C、D)。以上结果表明: BBR和Sta联用比BBR单用具有更优的降血脂作用。
肝脏组织HE染色结果显示, 与model组相比, BBR单用和联用均能不同程度地减轻小鼠肝细胞空泡变性和脂质沉积, 改善脂肪肝病理状态, 并显著降低脂肪肝评分(图3A、B)。而且, BBR和Sta联用可显著抑制脂质合成基因Fasn和Srebp1c的表达, 并升高脂肪酸β氧化基因Pparα水平; BBR单用可降低Fasn和Srebp1c基因表达水平, 而对Pparα基因水平无明显影响(图3C~E)。上述结果表明: BBR和Sta联用可通过调节脂质代谢相关基因表达, 有效缓解小鼠肝脏脂肪变性, 减轻脂肪肝。
如图4所示, 与model组相比, 各给药组均能显著降低小鼠血清NO、iNOS和MDA含量, 并升高血SOD水平, 表现出系统性抗氧化应激作用。对肝脏组织进一步检测分析发现, 与model组相比, 联用组与BBR单用组均可明显降低肝脏中NO、iNOS和MDA水平; 而各给药组肝脏SOD含量均无明显改变(图5)。以上结果表明: BBR与Sta联用可有效改善机体和肝脏氧化应激状态。
本课题组前期研究发现BBR和Sta联用可改善KKAy小鼠的肠道炎症, 在此基础上, 本研究进一步探讨了联合给药对肝脏炎症的影响。结果如图6所示, 与model组相比, 联用组小鼠肝脏中促炎基因Tnf-α、Il-6、Mcp-1的表达水平明显降低, 抗炎基因Il-10水平则显著升高; 相比之下, BBR仅能下调Tnf-α基因表达, 而对上述其他炎症基因无显著影响。此外, 与BBR单药相比, 联用组Il-6基因表达水平明显降低。结果表明, 二者联用通过调控促炎与抗炎基因表达, 有效地减轻肝脏炎症, 其在降低Il-6基因表达方面的效果优于BBR单用。
基于巨噬细胞在MASLD相关炎症和氧化应激中的关键作用, 本研究采用流式细胞术分析了肝脏中巨噬细胞的变化。结果如图7所示, 与model组相比, BBR单用及联用均能显著减少小鼠肝脏中巨噬细胞(CD11b+F4/80+) 数量, 并有效降低M1型促炎巨噬细胞(F4/80+CD11c+) 比例。此外, BBR单用及联用组巨噬细胞表面分子MHC-Ⅱ的表达水平也明显下调, 提示其免疫激活能力受到抑制(图7)。以上结果提示: BBR和Sta联用可能通过减少肝脏巨噬细胞浸润、抑制其向M1型极化、降低其抗原提呈能力, 进而发挥抗炎与抗氧化作用。
BBR通过调节脂质与葡萄糖代谢、抑制氧化应激及炎症反应等多重途径, 延缓MASLD发生与发展, 并展现出在代谢性疾病和心血管疾病领域的广泛治疗潜力[4]。多项研究证实, BBR具有肝保护、肾保护及心脏保护作用[11]。临床试验显示, BBR能够降低MASLD患者血TC、TG和LDL水平, 发挥抗高血脂效应; 与他汀类药物联用可协同改善高血脂患者的治疗效果和生活质量[4]。上述研究报道提示, BBR是治疗MASLD及其并发症的潜在药物。然而, 其口服生物利用度低及胃肠道不良反应等问题, 制约了临床推广应用。因此, 进一步探索BBR的联合用药策略, 将有助于拓宽其临床应用范围, 为MASLD提供更为安全有效的干预方案。
本研究观察到BBR和Sta联合给药约8周时可显著降低血脂水平并减少肝脏脂质含量, 但BBR单药并未表现出降血脂作用, 仅显示出降低肝脏TG的效果。这一发现与既往临床前及临床研究中普遍报道的BBR具有降血脂作用的结果存在差异[4]。其原因可能与所采用的研究对象、动物模型及给药时间和剂量不同有关。在机制层面, BBR与Sta联用可同时抑制肝脏脂质合成并促进脂肪酸β氧化, 而BBR单用仅表现为抑制脂质合成, 对脂肪酸β氧化过程未见明显影响。尽管已有文献报道BBR能够通过减少脂质合成和促进脂肪酸β氧化以改善脂质堆积[12], 但本研究结果提示其单用可能具有一定局限性, 这一现象可能与多种因素有关, 如模型特异性、脂肪酸β氧化检测指标、给药剂量不同及代谢通路调控存在差异, 具体原因和机制尚需进一步探讨。
氧化应激是MASLD肝损伤及疾病进展的关键因素。脂代谢紊乱导致肝脏脂质过度蓄积, 进而触发氧化应激、炎症、纤维化及肝细胞凋亡等一系列病理改变[13]。持续的氧化应激损伤可进一步诱导内质网应激、肝脏炎症、胰岛素信号转导障碍以及糖脂代谢失调, 从而形成恶性循环, 加速MASLD进展[14]。因此, 有效抑制氧化应激是治疗MASLD的重要策略。本研究结果显示, BBR与Sta联合使用能够显著降低血清和肝脏中NO、iNOS及MDA水平, 有效改善全身及肝脏局部组织的氧化应激状态, 为进一步探讨其肝保护作用机制提供了重要实验依据。
慢性炎症是MASLD的重要发病机制。全身及肝脏局部炎症伴随促炎因子的上调, 进而产生促脂肪生成、促炎、促纤维化及促凋亡等多重病理效应[15]。此外, 肠道来源的细菌产物可激活Kupffer细胞与肝细胞中的NF-κB与NLRP3炎症小体信号通路, 促进细胞因子与趋化因子的释放。这些炎症介质进一步作用于肝细胞及免疫细胞表面受体, 加剧肝脏炎症反应, 从而推动MASLD疾病进程[13]。本研究发现BBR与Sta联合应用能够显著抑制肝脏中促炎基因表达, 且其效果优于BBR单药。该发现与本课题组前期的研究一致, 即BBR与Sta联用可改善肠道及全身炎症状态[9]。综上, 在MASLD背景下, BBR与Sta联合使用在调控肝脏局部炎症微环境方面展现出更强的抗炎作用。
巨噬细胞是肝脏氧化应激、炎症及纤维化的关键参与者[16]。脂质及其代谢产物、肠道来源的内毒素, 以及肝细胞损伤与死亡相关分子共同激活肝脏巨噬细胞, 驱动其向M1型促炎方向极化, 进而促进细胞因子与趋化因子分泌, 加速MASLD的病理进展[17]。而且, 在MASLD患者肝脏中, 活化的巨噬细胞及M1型巨噬细胞数量明显增加, 而M2型抗炎巨噬细胞则相对减少, 进一步加剧了肝脏局部的炎症失衡状态[17, 18]。本研究观察到BBR单用及联用均能显著减少肝脏巨噬细胞数量, 抑制其向M1型极化, 并减弱抗原提呈能力, 但单用与联用两组间未见明显差异。鉴于联合用药在降低血脂和缓解肝脏炎症方面表现出更优的效果, 其具体机制是否涉及对巨噬细胞总数及表型功能的调控, 或与M2型巨噬细胞的激活与功能相关, 仍有待进一步阐明。
肠道微生物在MASLD进展中扮演重要角色, 如乳酸杆菌、阿克曼菌、拟杆菌及普雷沃氏菌等菌群的变化与疾病状态密切相关[19]。Sta作为一种益生元, 能够改善肠道菌群结构、促进营养物质吸收, 并具有降糖调脂与抗炎等多种生理功能。尽管在本研究中, Sta单用未表现出抗炎与降脂作用, 但其与BBR联用后, 抑制肝脏Il-6基因表达和降血脂的作用优于BBR单药。该效应的机制可能涉及Sta促进BBR肠道吸收、优化肠道微生物组成和调节相关代谢物的生成与功能。
综上所述, BBR和Sta联用可通过改善肝脏脂肪变性、抑制氧化应激和炎症并减少M1型促炎巨噬细胞浸润, 从而发挥保肝功能, 且其整体作用优于BBR单药。本研究为临床MASLD治疗提供了新策略, 但二者联用改善MASLD的具体分子机制仍需深入探索。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1336
  • 接收时间:2025-11-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-11
  • 修回日期:2025-12-29
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    1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药物研究所, 天然活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
    2中国医学科学院糖尿病研究中心, 北京 100050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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