Article(id=1308841446875169597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841198224240856, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766332800000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-22, revisedDate=1773072000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981718033, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1781193600000, pubDateStr=2026-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981718033, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981718033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981718033, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308841198224240856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='6', pageStart='1881', pageEnd='2376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781193600000', pubDateStr='2026-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981658750, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984187230, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851803500933401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841198224240856, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851803500933402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308841198224240856, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2320, endPage=2328, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841447072301886, articleId=1308841446875169597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification of Panax notoginseng in traditional Chinese patent medicines based on analysis of whole-GEnome, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accurate authentication of components in traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs) is fundamental to ensuring the safety and accuracy. Analysis of whole-GEnome (AGE) has been applied to species identification across plants, animals, and fungi. However, its applicability to the authentication of components in TCPMs remains to be evaluated. In this study, AGE was performed to identify Panax notoginseng in TCPMs. Bioinformatic analysis of nine genome assemblies from six Panax species yielded 4 289 410 specific target sequences of P. notoginseng, from which a species-specific target sequence database was constructed. Target sequences were selected and validated by Sanger sequencing. Four molecular techniques including PCR combined with agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing, TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR, and high-resolution melting analysis were employed to detect the target sequence, thereby establishing identification methods for P. notoginseng. These assays were further applied to commercial TCPMs, all of which were successfully detected to contain P. notoginseng. Therefore, AGE enables accurate identification of components in TCPMs, offering new insights and technologies for quality control of TCPMs.

, authors=Qian LOU1, Zhi-jie SHI1, Yu-tong GAN1, Tian-yi XIN1, Wen-jie XU1, *, Jing-yuan SONG1, 2, *, authorsList=Qian LOU, Zhi-jie SHI, Yu-tong GAN, Tian-yi XIN, Wen-jie XU, Jing-yuan SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wen-jie XU, Jing-yuan SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841447999243079, articleId=1308841446875169597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于时珍法的市售中成药中三七真伪鉴定研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

中成药组分基原物种准确是保障其安全性和有效性的基础。时珍法已用于植物、动物和真菌界不同物种的鉴定, 但其能否适用于中成药组分基原物种鉴定有待研究。本文以三七Panax notoginseng为对象, 开展时珍法在市售中成药中基原物种鉴定研究。通过人参属6个物种共9个基因组数据的对比分析, 挖掘到4 289 410条三七特异靶标序列, 构建三七特异靶标数据库。从数据库中选取靶标序列并采用Sanger测序验证其准确性, 通过PCR联合琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR联合Sanger测序、TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR和高分辨熔解曲线四种技术检测靶标序列, 构建三七鉴定方法。进一步利用上述四种方法检测市售中成药, 所有样品均成功检出三七。因此, 时珍法可实现中成药中三七基原物种鉴定, 为中成药质量控制提供新的思路和技术。

, authors=娄千1, 史志杰1, 甘雨桐1, 辛天怡1, 许文杰1, *, 宋经元1, 2, *, authorsList=娄千, 史志杰, 甘雨桐, 辛天怡, 许文杰, 宋经元, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=许文杰, 宋经元, authorNote=

作者贡献:

娄千负责实验设计与操作、数据分析、文章撰写及修改; 史志杰参与实验操作; 甘雨桐参与数据分析和稿件修改; 辛天怡参与稿件修改; 许文杰负责数据分析和稿件修改; 宋经元负责实验设计、总体把关和稿件修改等工作。

, correspAuthorsNote=
许文杰, E-mail:
宋经元,Tel: 86-10-57833199, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=K/NZWlgBIemOoXqkPYAY5A==, magXml=T4vn9O2ptW/k4r1hAxCkpg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6PcujPcVUgSRXMkvLr5Mqw==, pdfFileSize=2864883, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=9bpJ9iZGmSTQjge6HzAUbg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=js+62SugTDw3In7T/87ogw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1308841448397701967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841448481588050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448397701967, language=EN, stringName=Qian LOU, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=LOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841448548696915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448397701967, language=CN, stringName=娄千, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841448913601366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450306110296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448913601366, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-jie SHI, firstName=Zhi-jie, middleName=null, lastName=SHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450381607769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448913601366, language=CN, stringName=史志杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841450452910939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450532602717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450452910939, language=EN, stringName=Yu-tong GAN, firstName=Yu-tong, middleName=null, lastName=GAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450603905886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450452910939, language=CN, stringName=甘雨桐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841450675209056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450742317922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450675209056, language=EN, stringName=Tian-yi XIN, firstName=Tian-yi, middleName=null, lastName=XIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450801038179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450675209056, language=CN, stringName=辛天怡, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841450855564133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wjxu@implad.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450935255911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450855564133, language=EN, stringName=Wen-jie XU, firstName=Wen-jie, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450989781864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450855564133, language=CN, stringName=许文杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841451052696426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jysong@implad.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841451123999597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841451052696426, language=EN, stringName=Jing-yuan SONG, firstName=Jing-yuan, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
2Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841451207885678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841451052696426, language=CN, stringName=宋经元, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
2中药资源教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841448301232971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448309621580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448301232971, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448326398797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448301232971, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中药资源教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1308841451300160367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=analysis of whole-GEnome), Keyword(id=1308841451367269232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=traditional Chinese patent medicine), Keyword(id=1308841451434378097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Panax notoginseng), Keyword(id=1308841451501486962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=species identification), Keyword(id=1308841451564401523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=时珍法), Keyword(id=1308841451627316084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=中成药), Keyword(id=1308841451694424949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=三七), Keyword(id=1308841451757339510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=物种鉴定)], refs=[Reference(id=1308841452973687685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gan YT, Xin TY, Xu WJ, et al. Principles and strategies for species identification based on analysis of whole-GEnome [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2023, 58: 2364-2374., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841453061768070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hao LJ, Xu WJ, Qi GH, et al. GAGE is a method for identification of plant species based on whole-GEnome analysis and genome editing [J]. Commun Biol, 2022, 5: 947., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841453137265543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gan YT, Qi GH, Hao LJ, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome as a novel strategy for animal species identification [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25: 2955., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841454823375752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi GH, Hao LJ, Xin TY, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome facilitates rapid and precise identification of fungal species [J]. Front Microbiol, 2024, 15: 1336143., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841454903067529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi GH, Hao LJ, Gan YT, et al. Identification of closely related species in Aspergillus through analysis of whole-GEnome [J]. Front Microbiol, 2024, 15: 1323572., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841454995342218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang YH, Fu LG, Gan YT, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome for identification of seven Penicillium species with significant economic value [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25: 8172., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455070839691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang YH, Gan YT, Xin TY, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome for closely related species identification of Fusarium [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2025, 60: 3238-3250., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455146337164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y, Gan YT, Xu WJ, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome for Alternaria species identification [J]. J Fungi, 2025, 11: 185., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455221834637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J, Zhu J, Wang C, et al. Quality analysis of Chinese patent medicines based on 2021 national drug sampling inspection [J]. Mod Chin Med (中国现代中药), 2022, 24: 947-953., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455297332110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li G, Chen J, Li ZK, et al. Analysis of patent data of Panax notoginseng and enlightenment of industrial development [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2020, 45: 1011-1022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455372829583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yue J, Zuo Z, Huang H, et al. Application of identification and evaluation techniques for ethnobotanical medicinal plant of genus Panax: A review [J]. Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2021, 51: 373-398., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455444132752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nguyen VB, Linh G, Waminal NE, et al. Comprehensive comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species and development of an authentication system based on species-unique single nucleotide polymorphism markers [J]. J Ginseng Res, 2020, 44: 135-144., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455515435921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zuo Y, Chen Z, Kondo K, et al. DNA barcoding of Panax species [J]. Planta Med, 2011, 77: 182-187., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455586739090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lou Q, Xin TY, Xu WJ, et al. TaqMan probe-based quantitative real-time PCR to detect Panax notoginseng in traditional Chinese patent medicines [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13: 828948., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455670625171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lou Q. Genomics-Based Functional Analysis of Camptothecin Hydroxylase and Identification of Panax Notoginseng in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines (基于基因组学的喜树碱羟化酶功能解析与中成药中三七基原鉴定研究) [D]. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455746122644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang Z, Tu L, Yang W, et al. The chromosome-level reference genome assembly for Panax notoginseng and insights into ginsenoside biosynthesis [J]. Plant Commun, 2021, 2: 100113., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455813231509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Z, Liu G, Zhang G, et al. The chromosome-scale high-quality genome assembly of Panax notoginseng provides insight into dencichine biosynthesis [J]. Plant Biotechnol J, 2021, 19: 869-871., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455880340374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Telomere-to-telomere reference genome for Panax ginseng highlights the evolution of saponin biosynthesis [J]. Hortic Res, 2024, 11: uhae107., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841455955837847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z, Wang X, Lu T, et al. Reshuffling of the ancestral core-eudicot genome shaped chromatin topology and epigenetic modification in Panax [J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 1902., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456018752408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z, Wang T, Hu J, et al. Comparisons of wild and cultivated American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) genomes provide insights into changes in root growth and metabolism during domestication [J]. Plant Biotechnol J, 2024, 22: 1963-1965., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456085861273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Z, Li X, Yang L, et al. Comparative genomics reveals the diversification of triterpenoid biosynthesis and origin of ocotillol-type triterpenes in Panax [J]. Plant Commun, 2023, 4: 100591., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456157164442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xin T, Su C, Lin Y, et al. Precise species detection of traditional Chinese patent medicine by shotgun metagenomic sequencing [J]. Phytomedicine, 2018, 47: 40-47., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456236856219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Setia MS. Methodology series module 5: Sampling strategies [J]. Indian J Dermatol, 2016, 61: 505-509., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456299770780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei MJ, Shi LC, Zhao Q, et al. Molecular identification of Sanqi Tablets using DNA barcoding and its methodological evaluation [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2020, 51: 1893-1900., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456387851165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xin TY, Xu ZC, Ji AJ, et al. Biomonitoring for traditional herbal medicinal products using DNA metabarcoding and single molecule, real-time sequencing [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2018, 8: 488-497., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456459154334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu WJ, Zhu PY, Xin TY, et al. Droplet digital PCR for the identification of plant-derived adulterants in highly processed products [J]. Phytomedicine, 2022, 105: 154376., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456543040415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang YH, Xu WJ, Xin TY, et al. Engineering technology research on closely related species detection of Penicillium based on analysis of whole-GEnome [J]. Chin J Biotechnol (生物工程学报), 2025, 41: 4564-4583., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456622732192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi GH. Identification of Fungal Species Based on Analysis of Whole-GEnome (基于全基因组分析的真菌物种鉴定研究) [D]. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841456715006881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng ZJ, Chen JM, Guo JW. Pharmacognostic identification of Radix Notoginseng authenticity [J]. Pharm Today (今日药学), 2011, 21: 553-555., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841448301232971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448309621580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448301232971, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448326398797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448301232971, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中药资源教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308841451866391415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=kjFnWcXrrrENgGlUWIhu7A==, figureFileBig=9bpJ9iZGmSTQjge6HzAUbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841451929305976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Screening of specific target sequences of Panax notoginseng, Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium based on analysis of whole-GEnome. A: P. notoginseng. PN1: P. notoginseng genome (PRJNA658419); PN2: P. notoginseng genome (CNP0003588); Total: 25-bp sequences; GC content: 25-bp sequences with 40%-70% guanine-cytosine proportion; Without poly: 25-bp sequences after removal of polynucleotide sequence structures; poly: Polynucleotide. B: P. ginseng. PG1: P. ginseng genome (PRJCA022032); PG2: P. ginseng genome (SAMN20855168); C: P. quinquefolium. PQ1: P. quinquefolium genome (SAMN20855195); PQ2: P. quinquefolium genome (GWHDOGX00000000). D: Duplicated number of specific target sequences, figureFileSmall=kjFnWcXrrrENgGlUWIhu7A==, figureFileBig=9bpJ9iZGmSTQjge6HzAUbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841452109661049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IoWOhWpDdbS/Xg81VMEMwg==, figureFileBig=aumPJf+hldUvZlluKIBYKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841452185158522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Amplification and sequencing of the specific target sequences of Panax notoginseng. A: Gel electrophoresis analysis of the specific target sequences amplification products of P. notoginseng. Lane 1-3: PCR products of PN-F1/R1; Lane 4-6: PCR products of PN-F2/R2; Lane 7-9: PCR products of PN-F3/R3; Lane 10-12: PCR products of PN-F4/R4; Lane 13-15: PCR products of PN-F5/R5; CK: Blank control. B: Sequencing results of specific target sequences of P. notoginseng, figureFileSmall=IoWOhWpDdbS/Xg81VMEMwg==, figureFileBig=aumPJf+hldUvZlluKIBYKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841452248073083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NyMrAWOf8QOsPntr62IkeQ==, figureFileBig=QZFxhMS+BsUcdqtB7uUHYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841452302599036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Detection of the specific target sequence of Panax notoginseng. A: Gel electrophoresis analysis. Lane 1-3: P. ginseng; 4-6: P. quinquefolium; 7-9: P. notoginseng. B: Sequencing results; C: TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR assay. Blue: P. notoginseng; Green: P. ginseng; Purple: P. quinquefoliun; Red: Blank control; RFU: Relative fluorescence unit. D: High resolution melting curve. Blue: P. notoginseng; Green: P. ginseng; Purple: P. quinquefoliun; Red: Blank control; T: Temperature, figureFileSmall=NyMrAWOf8QOsPntr62IkeQ==, figureFileBig=QZFxhMS+BsUcdqtB7uUHYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841452369707901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4T6o+duDbSM6nD0X9QWpgQ==, figureFileBig=Tpdk6FMKMb2O/qOAwfvANA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841452436816766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Detection of components in traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs). A: Gel electrophoresis analysis of Panax notoginseng in TCPMs. Lane 1-10: SQP1, SQSYP1, FFDSP1, DDW1, DDW2, SQP2, SQSYP2, FFDSP2, FFDSP3 and XSTLP. B: Sequencing results of P. notoginseng in TCPMs. C: TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR assay of P. notoginseng in TCPMs. Blue: TCPM samples; Red: Blank control. D: High resolution melting curve of P. notoginseng in TCPMs. Green: TCPM samples; Red: Blank control. E: Gel electrophoresis analysis of Panax ginseng in TCPM samples. Lane 1-13: Control sample 1 (a 1∶1 mixture of P. notoginseng and P. ginseng), Control sample 2 (a 3∶1 mixture of P. notoginseng and P. ginseng), Control sample 3 (a 5∶1 mixture of P. notoginseng and P. ginseng), SQP1, SQSYP1, FFDSP1, DDW1, DDW2, SQP2, SQSYP2, FFDSP2, FFDSP3 and XSTLP. F: Sequencing results of P. ginseng in the three control samples. PC: Positive control, figureFileSmall=4T6o+duDbSM6nD0X9QWpgQ==, figureFileBig=Tpdk6FMKMb2O/qOAwfvANA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841452508119935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleSample No.Number of
prescribed
herbal materials
Collection city
Sanqi PianSQP11Beijing
Sanqi PianSQP21Beijing
Fufang Danshen PianFFDSP13Guangzhou
Fufang Danshen PianFFDSP23Beijing
Fufang Danshen PianFFDSP33Shanghai
Sanqi Shangyao PianSQSYP18Changchun
Sanqi Shangyao PianSQSYP28Beijing
Xiaoshuan Tongluo
Pian
XSTLP11Harbin
Dieda WanDDW124Beijing
Dieda WanDDW224Beijing
), ArticleFig(id=1308841452583617408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Samples of traditional Chinese patent medicines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleSample No.Number of
prescribed
herbal materials
Collection city
Sanqi PianSQP11Beijing
Sanqi PianSQP21Beijing
Fufang Danshen PianFFDSP13Guangzhou
Fufang Danshen PianFFDSP23Beijing
Fufang Danshen PianFFDSP33Shanghai
Sanqi Shangyao PianSQSYP18Changchun
Sanqi Shangyao PianSQSYP28Beijing
Xiaoshuan Tongluo
Pian
XSTLP11Harbin
Dieda WanDDW124Beijing
Dieda WanDDW224Beijing
), ArticleFig(id=1308841452646531969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SpeciesAccession No.Assemble levelGenome size /GbPublished year
Panax notoginsengPRJNA658419 (PN1)Chromosome2.662020[16]
CNP0003588 (PN2)Chromosome2.412021[17]
P. ginsengPRJCA022032 (PG1)Telomere-telomere3.452024[18]
SAMN20855168 (PG2)Chromosome3.412022[19]
P. quinquefoliumSAMN20855195 (PQ1)Chromosome3.602022[19]
GWHDOGX00000000 (PQ2)Chromosome4.512024[20]
P. vietnamensisCNP0002878 (PV)Chromosome1.732023[21]
P. stipuleanatusSAMN20855167 (PS)Chromosome2.152022[19]
P. japonicusSAMN20855173 (PJ)Chromosome2.092022[19]
), ArticleFig(id=1308841452722029442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Genome information of Panax species

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SpeciesAccession No.Assemble levelGenome size /GbPublished year
Panax notoginsengPRJNA658419 (PN1)Chromosome2.662020[16]
CNP0003588 (PN2)Chromosome2.412021[17]
P. ginsengPRJCA022032 (PG1)Telomere-telomere3.452024[18]
SAMN20855168 (PG2)Chromosome3.412022[19]
P. quinquefoliumSAMN20855195 (PQ1)Chromosome3.602022[19]
GWHDOGX00000000 (PQ2)Chromosome4.512024[20]
P. vietnamensisCNP0002878 (PV)Chromosome1.732023[21]
P. stipuleanatusSAMN20855167 (PS)Chromosome2.152022[19]
P. japonicusSAMN20855173 (PJ)Chromosome2.092022[19]
), ArticleFig(id=1308841452789138307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Target No.Target sequence (5′→3′)Primer (5′→3′)
Target-PN1AAACAAACAAGATGCGTTACGTGCAPN-F1: CACGCAATGATGTTGAATCTCTAT
PN-R1: CGTTATCTTTTGAAGAGGTTGTCC
Target-PN2AAACAAACAAGTCAGCACCAAGTCCPN-F2: CACTAATAACTCTTCAAGGCTAGC
PN-R2: ATCATCAGAAGTGGTTGAGTAAATG
Target-PN3AAACACTACTACCAAGCCAATCCGAPN-F3: AGAGGTCACTGATGTCTTACAATTAC
PN-R3: TGAATAAAACTTAACCCACAAGATG
Target-PN4AAACAAGTTAGTAATAGCTGGGAGGPN-F4: TAATCCATACCCACCATTAGAGC
PN-R4: GGCAGGCAATCATCAAGGATAT
Target-PN5AAACAAGCCGCCTGAGCTCATTAAGPN-F5: GAGCTTTATACCAAGAGATGAACAC
PN-R5: TGCAATTAAACAAGCTATTATCTGTG
), ArticleFig(id=1308841452864635780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, language=CN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The sequences of specific targets and primers of Panax notoginseng

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Target No.Target sequence (5′→3′)Primer (5′→3′)
Target-PN1AAACAAACAAGATGCGTTACGTGCAPN-F1: CACGCAATGATGTTGAATCTCTAT
PN-R1: CGTTATCTTTTGAAGAGGTTGTCC
Target-PN2AAACAAACAAGTCAGCACCAAGTCCPN-F2: CACTAATAACTCTTCAAGGCTAGC
PN-R2: ATCATCAGAAGTGGTTGAGTAAATG
Target-PN3AAACACTACTACCAAGCCAATCCGAPN-F3: AGAGGTCACTGATGTCTTACAATTAC
PN-R3: TGAATAAAACTTAACCCACAAGATG
Target-PN4AAACAAGTTAGTAATAGCTGGGAGGPN-F4: TAATCCATACCCACCATTAGAGC
PN-R4: GGCAGGCAATCATCAAGGATAT
Target-PN5AAACAAGCCGCCTGAGCTCATTAAGPN-F5: GAGCTTTATACCAAGAGATGAACAC
PN-R5: TGCAATTAAACAAGCTATTATCTGTG
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1788948913902, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Y, firstLetterEn=Y, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509553505227679, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国药学会、中国医学科学院药物研究所, publishedBy=《药学学报》编辑委员会编辑出版, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914171, updatedTime=1788948914171, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509553559753632, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914184, updatedTime=1788948914184, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=Y, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1781193600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于时珍法的市售中成药中三七真伪鉴定研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
娄千 1 , 史志杰 1 , 甘雨桐 1 , 辛天怡 1 , 许文杰 1, * , 宋经元 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(6): 2320-2328
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (6) : 2320 -2328
基于时珍法的市售中成药中三七真伪鉴定研究
全屏
[Author(id=1308841448397701967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841448481588050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448397701967, language=EN, stringName=Qian LOU, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=LOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841448548696915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448397701967, language=CN, stringName=娄千, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841448913601366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450306110296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448913601366, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-jie SHI, firstName=Zhi-jie, middleName=null, lastName=SHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450381607769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841448913601366, language=CN, stringName=史志杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841450452910939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450532602717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450452910939, language=EN, stringName=Yu-tong GAN, firstName=Yu-tong, middleName=null, lastName=GAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450603905886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450452910939, language=CN, stringName=甘雨桐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841450675209056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450742317922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450675209056, language=EN, stringName=Tian-yi XIN, firstName=Tian-yi, middleName=null, lastName=XIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450801038179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450675209056, language=CN, stringName=辛天怡, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841450855564133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wjxu@implad.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450935255911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450855564133, language=EN, stringName=Wen-jie XU, firstName=Wen-jie, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841450989781864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841450855564133, language=CN, stringName=许文杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)])]), Author(id=1308841451052696426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jysong@implad.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841451123999597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841451052696426, language=EN, stringName=Jing-yuan SONG, firstName=Jing-yuan, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
2Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841451207885678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, authorId=1308841451052696426, language=CN, stringName=宋经元, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
2中药资源教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841448196375368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448204763977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448213152586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448196375368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841448301232971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448309621580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448301232971, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841448326398797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841446875169597, companyId=1308841448301232971, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中药资源教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193)])])]
娄千1, 史志杰1, 甘雨桐1, 辛天怡1, 许文杰1, * , 宋经元1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
  • 2中药资源教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193
通讯作者:
许文杰, E-mail:
宋经元,Tel: 86-10-57833199, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

娄千负责实验设计与操作、数据分析、文章撰写及修改; 史志杰参与实验操作; 甘雨桐参与数据分析和稿件修改; 辛天怡参与稿件修改; 许文杰负责数据分析和稿件修改; 宋经元负责实验设计、总体把关和稿件修改等工作。

Identification of Panax notoginseng in traditional Chinese patent medicines based on analysis of whole-GEnome
Qian LOU1, Zhi-jie SHI1, Yu-tong GAN1, Tian-yi XIN1, Wen-jie XU1, * , Jing-yuan SONG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
  • 2Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2026-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542
文章导航
收藏切换

中成药组分基原物种准确是保障其安全性和有效性的基础。时珍法已用于植物、动物和真菌界不同物种的鉴定, 但其能否适用于中成药组分基原物种鉴定有待研究。本文以三七Panax notoginseng为对象, 开展时珍法在市售中成药中基原物种鉴定研究。通过人参属6个物种共9个基因组数据的对比分析, 挖掘到4 289 410条三七特异靶标序列, 构建三七特异靶标数据库。从数据库中选取靶标序列并采用Sanger测序验证其准确性, 通过PCR联合琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR联合Sanger测序、TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR和高分辨熔解曲线四种技术检测靶标序列, 构建三七鉴定方法。进一步利用上述四种方法检测市售中成药, 所有样品均成功检出三七。因此, 时珍法可实现中成药中三七基原物种鉴定, 为中成药质量控制提供新的思路和技术。

时珍法  /  中成药  /  三七  /  物种鉴定

Accurate authentication of components in traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs) is fundamental to ensuring the safety and accuracy. Analysis of whole-GEnome (AGE) has been applied to species identification across plants, animals, and fungi. However, its applicability to the authentication of components in TCPMs remains to be evaluated. In this study, AGE was performed to identify Panax notoginseng in TCPMs. Bioinformatic analysis of nine genome assemblies from six Panax species yielded 4 289 410 specific target sequences of P. notoginseng, from which a species-specific target sequence database was constructed. Target sequences were selected and validated by Sanger sequencing. Four molecular techniques including PCR combined with agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing, TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR, and high-resolution melting analysis were employed to detect the target sequence, thereby establishing identification methods for P. notoginseng. These assays were further applied to commercial TCPMs, all of which were successfully detected to contain P. notoginseng. Therefore, AGE enables accurate identification of components in TCPMs, offering new insights and technologies for quality control of TCPMs.

analysis of whole-GEnome  /  traditional Chinese patent medicine  /  Panax notoginseng  /  species identification
娄千, 史志杰, 甘雨桐, 辛天怡, 许文杰, 宋经元. 基于时珍法的市售中成药中三七真伪鉴定研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (6) : 2320 -2328 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542
Qian LOU, Zhi-jie SHI, Yu-tong GAN, Tian-yi XIN, Wen-jie XU, Jing-yuan SONG. Identification of Panax notoginseng in traditional Chinese patent medicines based on analysis of whole-GEnome[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (6) : 2320 -2328 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542
时珍法(analysis of whole-GEnome, AGE), 又名全基因组分析法, 是在物种全基因组不断被解析、基因组学资源日益丰富的背景下提出的全新物种鉴定方法。该方法从物种全基因组寻找特异靶标序列, 通过精准识别特异靶标序列, 从而实现物种鉴定[1]。自提出以来, 时珍法已在植物[2]、动物[3]和真菌[4]界展开研究, 尤其在真菌近缘物种鉴定研究中发挥了重要作用, 为解决曲霉属、镰刀菌属和青霉属等不同属近缘物种鉴别难题提供了新的途径[5-8]。
近缘物种难以准确区分也是中药鉴定研究长期关注的重点问题。国家药品抽检结果显示, 随着监管力度不断加强, 当前中成药市场上以伪品直接替代正品的情况已得到有效遏制, 但受经济利益驱使或同属近缘种外观性状难以甄别等导致掺伪掺杂的现象还时有发生[9]。因此, 中成药组分基原物种鉴定仍是研究与监管的重点方向。作为一种基于全基因组信息挖掘的创新鉴定方法, 时珍法能否适用于中成药体系并在复杂多组分背景下实现基原物种的准确识别, 仍有待进一步评估与验证。
人参属植物具有重要的药用价值, 广泛应用于心脑血管疾病防治、免疫调节和抗炎等领域。现行版中国药典收载人参属6个物种, 包括人参(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.)、西洋参(P. quinquefolium L.)、三七[P. notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen]、竹节参(P. japonicus C. A. Mey.)、羽叶三七[P. japonicus C. A. Mey. var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) C.Y. Wu et K. M. Feng] 和珠子参[P. japonicus C. A. Mey. var. major (Burk.) C.Y. Wu et K. M. Feng]。其中, 三七作为我国常用大宗中药材, 是多种中成药的原料。据统计, 全国以三七为原料的企业有1 500余家, 全国三七相关产品产值超过700亿元[10]。由于人参属物种亲缘关系近, 且在形态特征和化学成分方面高度相似, 因此一直是药用植物基原物种鉴定研究的重点类群[11], 大部分前沿方法和技术都首先以人参属物种作为研究对象开展实验[12,13]。近年来, 人参属多个物种的基因组信息相继解析, 为开展基于时珍法的人参属物种鉴定研究提供了可行性支撑。基于此, 本研究对人参属物种开展时珍法鉴定研究, 并选择三七作为重点研究对象, 建立三七特异检测方法并考察其在中成药组分检测中的适用性, 为中成药质量控制提供新的思路与技术。
材料   三七、人参和西洋参药材样品各3份来自实验室前期保存[14], 分别编号为SQ1~3, RS1~3以及XYS1~3。自药店购买含三七组分的中成药共10份(表1)。人参属物种基因组数据由美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)、国家基因组科学数据中心(NGDC) 等公共数据库下载(表2)[15-21]。
仪器  聚合酶链反应核酸扩增仪(赛默飞世尔科技公司, ABI Veriti96); 荧光定量PCR仪(伯乐生命医学产品有限公司, CFX96); 分光光度计(赛默飞世尔科技公司, NanoDrop 2000); 凝胶成像仪(上海天能生命科学有限公司, Tanon 1600); 球磨仪(德国RETSCH公司, MM400); 琼脂糖凝胶电泳仪/电泳槽(伯乐生命医学产品有限公司, PowerPac Basic)。
试剂  植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒(天根生化科技有限公司, DP305); DNA抽提液(北京索莱宝科技有限公司, P1012); Probe qPCR Mix (宝日医生物技术有限公司, RR391A); 2× Accurate Taq Master Mix (AG11020) 和SYBR Green Pro Taq HS预混型qPCR试剂盒(艾科瑞生物工程有限公司, AG11701); 50× TAE缓冲液(北京索莱宝科技有限公司, T1060); DL2 000 DNA Marker (北京TaKaRa公司, 3427Q)。
全基因组分析筛选物种特异靶标序列  使用Jellyfish (v1.1.12) 将基因组切割成25 bp的片段, 获得短片段数据库, 生成(L-25+1) 个25-mer (L =基因组长度)。根据以下处理流程对短片段数据库中序列进行过滤: 筛选GC含量为40%~70%的序列; 删除含有多聚核苷酸(polynucleotide, poly) 结构的序列(连续4个及以上相同碱基或连续3个相同碱基出现次数大于等于3); 对来自同一物种多个基因组分析获得数据进行去重, 筛选多个基因组中共有片段; 使用Bowtie (v1.1.0) 将经过筛选后的序列与人参属其他物种基因组进行比对, 筛选与其他物种基因组序列存在4个及以上碱基错配或1个及以上碱基插入/缺失的片段, 作为物种特异靶标序列, 构建物种特异靶标数据库; 使用Bowtie (v1.1.0) 将特异靶标序列比对到全基因组, 获取其在基因组中的位置。
DNA提取  取中药材样品, 用75%乙醇擦拭药材表面, 并刮去外部栓皮后, 参照中国药典(2025年版) 收载“中药材DNA条形码分子鉴定法指导原则”提取DNA。取中成药样品, 粉末状中成药直接取样; 包衣片剂先用酒精擦拭后的刀片刮去包衣, 随后于研钵中研磨成粉末; 蜜丸用酒精擦拭后的刀片切成块。随后, 采用核分离液漂洗, 参照文献报道方法提取中成药DNA[22]。
三七特异靶标序列验证  采用任意取样的方式[23]从三七特异靶标数据库中选取靶标, 将序列提交至NCBI, 使用Nucleotide-BLAST工具进行比对, 确保特异靶标序列在其他物种中存在4个及以上碱基错配或1个及以上碱基插入/缺失。然后, 根据靶标上下游序列设计扩增引物(表3), 若靶标上下游序列因含有poly结构等难以设计引物, 则重新从数据库中选取靶标序列, 引物由苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司合成。使用设计的引物对三七样品DNA进行PCR扩增, PCR体系为: 2× Taq PCR mix 12.5 μL、特异引物(10 μmol·L-1) 各1 μL、DNA模板2 μL、ddH2O 8.5 μL。PCR扩增程序为: 94 ℃预变性5 min, 循环反应30次(94 ℃变性30 s, 55 ℃退火30 s, 72 ℃延伸45 s), 72 ℃延伸10 min。取ddH2O作为空白对照。PCR扩增结束后, 采用1%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳, 将成功扩增条带的样品PCR产物送至北京诺赛基因组研究中心有限公司进行双向测序。测序结果返回后, 采用CodonCode Aligner软件对测序结果进行拼接, 拼接后序列采用Mega 6.0软件与基因组提取序列进行比对, 并将扩增序列使用NCBI-BLASTN工具进行比对。
PCR联合Sanger测序检测三七特异靶标序列  取三七、人参、西洋参药材和中成药DNA, 药材DNA样品使用ddH2O将DNA浓度稀释至20 ng·μL-1, 使用特异靶标扩增引物, 按照同样步骤对DNA进行扩增、测序以及数据处理。
PCR联合琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测三七特异靶标序列  取稀释至20 ng·μL-1的三七、人参和西洋参药材DNA以及中成药DNA, 参照前述步骤对DNA进行扩增以及琼脂糖凝胶电泳。
TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR检测三七特异靶标序列  根据靶标上下游序列重新设计一对扩增片段不超过200 bp的引物(F: 5′-TGAGGTGAACCTATTCGG AATT-3′, R: 5′-GGTAACAACCTCCTATGGTAATAAA C-3′), 将引物和靶标序列提交至苏州金唯智生物科技有限公司进行合成, 在靶标序列的5′端标记FAM荧光基团, 3′端标记BHQ1淬灭基团, 改造为TaqMan探针。TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR体系为: 2× Probe qPCR mix 10.0 μL、特异引物(10 μmol·L-1) 各0.4 μL、DNA模板2 μL、TaqMan探针0.8 μL、ddH2O 6.4 μL。扩增程序为: 95 ℃预变性30 s; 95 ℃ 5 s~60 ℃ 30 s, 40个循环, 在第二阶段的退火延伸时段收集荧光信号。
高分辨熔解曲线检测三七特异靶标序列  使用TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR所用引物和扩增程序, 荧光定量PCR体系如下: 2× SYBR Green Pro Taq HS Premix 10.0 μL、特异引物(10 μmol·L-1) 各1 μL、DNA模板2 μL、ddH2O 6 μL。
含三七中成药中掺伪人参鉴定  参照现行版中国药典中“三七片”制法项下操作自制三份掺伪人参药材的三七片样品, 作为对照样本: 取三七和人参药材样品, 粉碎成细粉, 按三七与人参粉末以1∶1、3∶1和5∶1人工混合, 加入适量糊精, 压制成片。参照三七特异靶标序列筛选及验证操作流程, 从人参特异靶标数据库中筛选并验证特异靶标序列, 基于人参特异靶标序列和引物(target: 5′-AAACAAGGTGAGGTGGCCACTC AAA-3′, F: 5′-AATGAATTTAGTGCACTGGAGAC-3′, R: 5′-ACTGCTGAATAATCAACTAAGGATTC-3′), 使用PCR联合测序及琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法检测自制样品和市售中成药样品。
本研究从NCBI、NGDC等公共数据库及已发表文献提供链接下载获得9个基因组(表2), 来自人参属6个物种: 三七(P. notoginseng)、人参(P. ginseng)、西洋参(P. quinquefolium)、金平人参(P. vietnamensis)、屏边三七(P. stipuleanatus) 以及竹节参(P. japonicus)。比较人参属物种基因组大小发现, 西洋参和人参的基因组大小都超过3 Gb。其中, 西洋参基因组是人参属物种已发表基因组中最大的, 达到4.51 Gb, 而金平人参基因组是人参属物种已发表基因组中最小的, 仅1.73 Gb。生物信息学分析结果显示, 三七基因组经25 bp小片段剪切处理后, 获得亿级规模的短片段序列。通过系统性筛选流程对短片段总库进行分析, 目的片段数量逐渐减少(图1A)。筛选GC含量为40%~70%的短片段, 数据库中短片段数缩减至初始量的40%左右; 采用poly结构过滤处理, 删除短片段中出现连续4个及以上相同碱基或连续3个相同碱基出现次数大于等于3的序列, 剩余短片段数再次减少约31.9%。经此筛选并去重后, 三七两个基因组短片段库中各剩余201 651 792和194 755 008条候选靶标, 两个基因组共有候选靶标为174 730 513条。将两个基因组共有候选靶标与人参属所有物种基因组比对, 筛选得到4 289 410条三七特异靶标序列(图1D)。
此外, 本研究还对人参和西洋参进行了全基因组分析。人参和西洋参基因组经剪切处理后获得十亿数量级的短片段, 经系统性筛选处理后分别获得251 623 028和220 719 656条共有候选靶标(图1B、C)。经特异性筛选后, 获得人参特异靶标序列2 373 192条以及西洋参特异靶标序列2 114 035条。
从三七特异靶标数据库中选取序列, 通过NCBI数据库比对确保其在广泛物种范围的特异性, 对靶标上下游序列进行分析确保引物设计可行性。结果显示有靶标因上下游序列存在poly结构或重复序列等导致引物设计难度大而被剔除。最终, 本研究选取5条特异靶标序列继续实验, 5条序列全部以100%一致性比对到三七基因组, 与比对到的其他物种均具有4个以上碱基错配。使用设计引物对来自3个不同个体的三七样品DNA进行扩增, 琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示(图2A), 4条候选靶标序列(Target-PN1~3, 5) 可以在3份三七样品中成功扩增, 另外1条序列(Target-PN4) 仅在1份样品中扩增获得清晰明亮条带。将4条特异靶标序列扩增样品进行Sanger测序, 结果显示, 3条特异靶标(Target-PN1, 3, 5) 扩增序列成功测序, 拼接序列与基因组序列完全一致, 可作为三七特异靶标序列继续实验, 另外1条靶标(Target-PN2) 扩增序列测序结果为多重信号峰(图2B)。
以Taget-PN3作为三七特异靶标序列, 采用四种实验技术进行检测, 开发三七特异检测方法。PCR联合琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示, 仅3份三七药材样品成功扩增出约300 bp的清晰条带, 而来自人参和西洋参的6份DNA样本均未检测到特异性扩增产物(图3A)。PCR联合Sanger测序结果显示, 只有3份三七药材样品可以成功测序, 测序序列比对到特异靶标序列, 其余6份样品显示没有扩增产物, 无法测序(图3B)。TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR结果显示, 当DNA浓度为20 ng·μL-1时, 3份三七样品均检测到典型“S”形扩增曲线, 循环阈值(cycle threshold, Ct) 值分别为27.27、24.62和24.98, 均小于30; 而人参和西洋参各3份样本均未检测到荧光信号积累(图3C)。高分辨熔解曲线分析结果显示三七样品熔解曲线呈现单一特征峰, Tm (melting temperature) 值都为77.5 ℃, 而其他物种样品未见特征峰(图3D)。综上, PCR联合琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR联合Sanger测序、TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR和高分辨熔解曲线四种实验技术都能实现三七特异靶标序列检测, 将三七与其近缘物种人参、西洋参进行区分。
使用基于时珍法构建的四种方法对10份市售中成药进行检测。PCR联合琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示, 10份中成药样品均成功扩增到片段大小为300 bp左右的条带, 测序序列比对到三七特异靶标序列(图4A、B)。TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR检测结果显示, 10份中成药样品均检测到荧光信号, 且Ct值均小于30 (图4C)。其中, 有4份样品Ct值接近30, 分别是FFDSP1、DDW1、DDW2以及SQSYP2。熔解曲线分析结果显示, 所有样品熔解曲线呈现单一特征峰, Tm值为77.0~77.5 ℃, 与三七样品一致(图4D)。综上, 四种检测方法都能成功实现中成药中三七组分检测。
同时, 为评估时珍法能否识别中成药掺伪, 以人参作为伪品进行检测。琼脂糖凝胶电泳和测序结果显示, 在3份自制掺有人参的中成药样品中成功检测到人参特异靶标序列, 证明时珍法可以识别中成药掺伪(图4E、F)。在10份市售中成药样品中未扩增出条带, 表明10份中成药中不含人参。
本研究首次使用时珍法进行人参属物种三七鉴定研究, 并成功应用于市售中成药中三七组分的检测, 为中成药质量控制提供新思路和技术。目前, 中成药组分基原物种分子鉴定主要通过以下几种方法: 使用DNA条形码技术实现单味组方中成药基原物种鉴定[24]; 采用DNA条形码联合TaqMan探针等高精度分子检测手段, 对复方制剂中特定单味组分进行识别[14]; 以及将DNA条形码与高通量测序技术联用, 实现全部组方物种鉴定[22,25]。其中, DNA条形码技术具有通用性, 需要获得准确的测序结果才能进行物种鉴定, 或者通过与高精度分子检测手段联用提高特异性, 如TaqMan探针[14]、微滴式数字PCR (droplet digital PCR, ddPCR)[26]等。尽管基于高通量测序的方法能够实现中成药全部组分的鉴定, 但是在每次鉴定过程中都需要采用生物信息学分析对测序结果进行比对、提取和组装等操作[22], 对实验人员的专业性要求更高。与上述现有方法相比, 时珍法具有特异性强和检测方法灵活的特点。本文基于时珍法, 通过人参属6个物种全基因组数据对比分析, 挖掘到百万数量级三七特异靶标序列, 并使用已验证的一条特异靶标序列构建了四种检测方法, 均可成功实现中成药中三七组分的检测, 体现时珍法在检测手段选择层面的灵活性和普适性, 以及对中成药复方中目标物种精准识别的有效性。并且, 时珍法在筛选获得物种特异靶标数据后, 实际使用时并不需要再次进行生物信息学分析。因此, 时珍法在中成药组分鉴定中, 避免了对测序技术和高精度检测技术的依赖以及对生信分析能力的要求, 为中成药组分基原物种鉴定提供更多手段。本研究进一步评估了时珍法在中成药掺伪检测中的应用潜力, 以三七近缘物种人参作为伪品进行实验, 结果显示时珍法能够精准识别样品中掺入的人参, 证实其具备识别掺伪的能力。以上研究结果为解决中成药中三七掺伪问题提供技术支持和策略。首先, 本研究建立的检测方法可被药品监督管理部门和药品生产企业使用。药品监督管理部门使用本研究建立的方法对中成药进行抽检, 严格监督上市药品, 遏制中成药掺伪情况。同时, 药品生产企业可以使用该方法检测所购原料以及生产药品, 保证所用原料及药品组分基原物种准确, 从源头上避免发生掺伪。此外, 对于其他可能掺伪的物种或者采用其他方法难以鉴别的物种, 可以使用全基因组分析法的策略, 按照本研究建立的流程和方法, 筛选目标物种的特异靶标序列, 建立检测方法。
尽管时珍法在中药基原物种鉴定方面展现了较大优势, 但在现阶段应用中仍需注意以下事项。首先, 在靶标验证环节, 当靶标上下游序列存在poly结构或重复序列等时会导致引物设计难度大, 使得该靶标难以通过测序进行验证。因此, 后续研究在筛选靶标时, 应将靶标上下游序列重复性、是否存在特殊结构等纳入分析。同时, 在实验验证过程中, 有2条候选序列因未能在全部三七样品中成功扩增, 或扩增片段测序呈现多重信号峰而被剔除。其中, 靶标序列无法在所有三七样品中成功扩增可能是由于不同个体之间存在差异, 而纳入分析的基因组数量有限, 因此难以筛选出在所有个体中都保守的特异靶标序列。已有研究显示, 纳入分析的基因组数量是影响筛选获得物种特异靶标数量的重要因素, 同一个物种纳入分析的基因组越多, 共有特异靶标序列越少[8,27]。后续研究可借助浅层测序获取来自不同地区、不同个体的三七基因组数据, 共同纳入分析, 选取在该物种中高频出现的序列作为候选靶标。例如, 通过时珍法对238个黄曲霉个体全基因组进行分析, 成功筛选到种内保守的特异靶标序列, 并在黄曲霉10个不同株系中成功验证[28]。其次, 针对扩增序列出现多重信号峰的现象, 推测是由于人参属物种基因组杂合度较大以及重复序列较多, 从而导致扩增区域存在序列重叠或等位变异。最后, 针对真假鉴别与掺伪分析, 在挖掘特异靶标序列时, 应包括潜在的掺伪品样品。由于三七的常见混伪品菊三七、藤三七和莪术等暂未解析全基因组, 因此本研究暂未纳入分析, 仅选择人参属近缘物种[29]。研究通过NCBI-Blast工具比对在一定程度上保证了筛选获得的特异靶标序列的实用价值, 后续可通过浅层测序等方式获取三七常见混伪品的基因组数据, 按照本研究建立的流程和方法, 扩大物种分析范围, 筛选物种特异靶标序列, 建立相应混伪品检测方法, 完善三七及其中成药的监管体系。此外, 考虑到中成药往往是含有多种组分的复方, 基质复杂, 因此能否避免基质中其他组分干扰准确鉴定到目标组分以及能否实现基质中所有目标组分的鉴定是时珍法面临的关键挑战。具体而言, 在生物信息学分析层面, 需要确定分析数据的范围, 应覆盖所有组分基原物种及其混伪品的基因组数据, 筛选目标物种的高特异性片段。而在检测技术选择上, 需选择同时具有高通量和准确性两个特性的方法, 才能保证高效、精准的识别所有组分特异靶标序列, 实现复杂基质中所有组分的准确鉴定。
对于时珍法在中药基原物种鉴定方面的未来研究展望, 特提出以下建议供商榷。第一, 在生物信息学分析层面, 可构建更为严格的筛选体系提升靶标序列筛选效率。例如, 将靶标序列上下游区域的杂合度、重复序列比例、是否存在特殊结构等因素纳入筛选体系, 提高特异靶标的可用性。有研究指出, 特异靶标序列在GC含量等序列特征方面呈现一定规律, 为靶标筛选策略的优化提供了经验性依据[8]。第二, 引入人工智能技术, 通过深度学习等模型对数据库中的特异靶标进行特征学习与评分排序, 从而实现靶标筛选的智能化与高效化, 提升实验成功率。第三, 随着测序技术的发展和测序成本的下降, 越来越多物种基因组得以解析, 为基于时珍法的研究与应用提供了持续增长的数据基础, 将来可构建涵盖所有物种的特异靶标数据库, 实际应用时只需要和数据库进行比对, 即可实现中成药所有组分基原物种鉴定、掺伪识别等, 提升中成药质量控制与监管体系的科学性和准确性。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Gan YT, Xin TY, Xu WJ, et al. Principles and strategies for species identification based on analysis of whole-GEnome [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2023, 58: 2364-2374.
2
Hao LJ, Xu WJ, Qi GH, et al. GAGE is a method for identification of plant species based on whole-GEnome analysis and genome editing [J]. Commun Biol, 2022, 5: 947.
3
Gan YT, Qi GH, Hao LJ, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome as a novel strategy for animal species identification [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25: 2955.
4
Qi GH, Hao LJ, Xin TY, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome facilitates rapid and precise identification of fungal species [J]. Front Microbiol, 2024, 15: 1336143.
5
Qi GH, Hao LJ, Gan YT, et al. Identification of closely related species in Aspergillus through analysis of whole-GEnome [J]. Front Microbiol, 2024, 15: 1323572.
6
Huang YH, Fu LG, Gan YT, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome for identification of seven Penicillium species with significant economic value [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2024, 25: 8172.
7
Huang YH, Gan YT, Xin TY, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome for closely related species identification of Fusarium [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2025, 60: 3238-3250.
8
Yang Y, Gan YT, Xu WJ, et al. Analysis of whole-GEnome for Alternaria species identification [J]. J Fungi, 2025, 11: 185.
9
Liu J, Zhu J, Wang C, et al. Quality analysis of Chinese patent medicines based on 2021 national drug sampling inspection [J]. Mod Chin Med (中国现代中药), 2022, 24: 947-953.
10
Li G, Chen J, Li ZK, et al. Analysis of patent data of Panax notoginseng and enlightenment of industrial development [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2020, 45: 1011-1022.
11
Yue J, Zuo Z, Huang H, et al. Application of identification and evaluation techniques for ethnobotanical medicinal plant of genus Panax: A review [J]. Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2021, 51: 373-398.
12
Nguyen VB, Linh G, Waminal NE, et al. Comprehensive comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species and development of an authentication system based on species-unique single nucleotide polymorphism markers [J]. J Ginseng Res, 2020, 44: 135-144.
13
Zuo Y, Chen Z, Kondo K, et al. DNA barcoding of Panax species [J]. Planta Med, 2011, 77: 182-187.
14
Lou Q, Xin TY, Xu WJ, et al. TaqMan probe-based quantitative real-time PCR to detect Panax notoginseng in traditional Chinese patent medicines [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13: 828948.
15
Lou Q. Genomics-Based Functional Analysis of Camptothecin Hydroxylase and Identification of Panax Notoginseng in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines (基于基因组学的喜树碱羟化酶功能解析与中成药中三七基原鉴定研究) [D]. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College, 2025.
16
Jiang Z, Tu L, Yang W, et al. The chromosome-level reference genome assembly for Panax notoginseng and insights into ginsenoside biosynthesis [J]. Plant Commun, 2021, 2: 100113.
17
Yang Z, Liu G, Zhang G, et al. The chromosome-scale high-quality genome assembly of Panax notoginseng provides insight into dencichine biosynthesis [J]. Plant Biotechnol J, 2021, 19: 869-871.
18
Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Telomere-to-telomere reference genome for Panax ginseng highlights the evolution of saponin biosynthesis [J]. Hortic Res, 2024, 11: uhae107.
19
Wang Z, Wang X, Lu T, et al. Reshuffling of the ancestral core-eudicot genome shaped chromatin topology and epigenetic modification in Panax [J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 1902.
20
Wang Z, Wang T, Hu J, et al. Comparisons of wild and cultivated American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) genomes provide insights into changes in root growth and metabolism during domestication [J]. Plant Biotechnol J, 2024, 22: 1963-1965.
21
Yang Z, Li X, Yang L, et al. Comparative genomics reveals the diversification of triterpenoid biosynthesis and origin of ocotillol-type triterpenes in Panax [J]. Plant Commun, 2023, 4: 100591.
22
Xin T, Su C, Lin Y, et al. Precise species detection of traditional Chinese patent medicine by shotgun metagenomic sequencing [J]. Phytomedicine, 2018, 47: 40-47.
23
Setia MS. Methodology series module 5: Sampling strategies [J]. Indian J Dermatol, 2016, 61: 505-509.
24
Wei MJ, Shi LC, Zhao Q, et al. Molecular identification of Sanqi Tablets using DNA barcoding and its methodological evaluation [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs (中草药), 2020, 51: 1893-1900.
25
Xin TY, Xu ZC, Ji AJ, et al. Biomonitoring for traditional herbal medicinal products using DNA metabarcoding and single molecule, real-time sequencing [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2018, 8: 488-497.
26
Xu WJ, Zhu PY, Xin TY, et al. Droplet digital PCR for the identification of plant-derived adulterants in highly processed products [J]. Phytomedicine, 2022, 105: 154376.
27
Huang YH, Xu WJ, Xin TY, et al. Engineering technology research on closely related species detection of Penicillium based on analysis of whole-GEnome [J]. Chin J Biotechnol (生物工程学报), 2025, 41: 4564-4583.
28
Qi GH. Identification of Fungal Species Based on Analysis of Whole-GEnome (基于全基因组分析的真菌物种鉴定研究) [D]. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College, 2024.
29
Deng ZJ, Chen JM, Guo JW. Pharmacognostic identification of Radix Notoginseng authenticity [J]. Pharm Today (今日药学), 2011, 21: 553-555.
2026年第61卷第6期
PDF下载
185
89
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542
  • 接收时间:2025-12-22
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-06-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-22
  • 修回日期:2026-03-10
基金
作者信息
    1中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院, 药用植物研究所, 国家中医药管理局中药资源保护重点研究室, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100193
    2中药资源教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100193

通讯作者:

许文杰, E-mail:
宋经元,Tel: 86-10-57833199, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1542
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏