Article(id=1308841248966934860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757433600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-10, revisedDate=1767283200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981670848, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1778515200000, pubDateStr=2026-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981670848, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981670848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981670848, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308840985296204417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='5', pageStart='1435', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778515200000', pubDateStr='2026-05-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981607984, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984207975, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1861, endPage=1868, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841249210204493, articleId=1308841248966934860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification of germplasm resources and quality evaluation of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim is a valuable medicinal plant in Northeast China. Based on previous chloroplast genome sequencing results, this study selected the chloroplast genome fragments atpF and petB as specific DNA barcodes to identify germplasm resources of commercially available F. ussuriensis. Additionally, the content of peiminine was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometer, aiming to clarify the main germplasm resources and quality of F. ussuriensis in the market. In this study, 74 samples of commercially available F. ussuriensis were collected from 52 cities across 23 provinces. Based on the combined analysis of atpF and petB sequences, a total of 10 haplotypes (h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h11, h13, h16, h19, and h20) were identified, among which h19 and h20 were reported for the first time. Haplotype h4 was the predominant haplotype, accounting for 44.59% of the total samples, followed by haplotype h3. The content determination results showed that 60 batches (81.08%) of commercially available F. ussuriensis samples met the standards of the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The content of peiminine in the samples ranged from 0.044% to 0.075%, and the sample quality was uneven; among them, haplotype h16 had the highest average content of peiminine at 0.063%, while haplotype h6 had the lowest at 0.044%. Statistical analysis indicates that, overall, there is no statistically significant difference between haplotypes and the content of peiminine. Given its highest peiminine content, haplotype h16 shows potential value for selective breeding. This study is conducive to guiding the circulation of F. ussuriensis samples in the market and rational clinical use, and also provides a reference for protecting the genetic diversity of F. ussuriensis and for its sustainable development and utilisation.

, authors=La-ha A MU1, Zhi-fei ZHANG1, Wen-qin CHEN1, Xin WANG1, Zhen-yu PENG1, Bao-wei WANG1, Can-can TONG1, Zi-qi LIU2, Xiao-hui WANG3, 4, *, Sheng-li WEI1, 4, *, authorsList=La-ha A MU, Zhi-fei ZHANG, Wen-qin CHEN, Xin WANG, Zhen-yu PENG, Bao-wei WANG, Can-can TONG, Zi-qi LIU, Xiao-hui WANG, Sheng-li WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-hui WANG, Sheng-li WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841250468495702, articleId=1308841248966934860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=市售平贝母的种质资源鉴定与质量评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

平贝母(Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim)为东北的珍贵药用植物。本研究基于前期叶绿体基因组测序结果, 选取平贝母叶绿体基因组片段atpF和petB作为特异性DNA条形码, 对市售平贝母进行种质资源鉴定, 并利用紫外分光光度计分析贝母素乙的含量, 以明确市场流通平贝母的主要种质资源和质量。本研究从全国23个省份52个市收集了74份市售平贝母样品, 基于atpF和petB序列联合分析共鉴定出10种单倍型(h2、h3、h4、h5、h6、h11、h13、h16、h19和h20), 其中h19和h20为首次发现的单倍型; 单倍型h4为主要单倍型, 占总样本量的44.59%, 其次为单倍型h3。结果显示, 60份(81.08%)的市售平贝母样品符合2025版《中华人民共和国药典》的标准。各样品的贝母素乙含量在0.044%~0.075%之间, 样品质量参差不齐; 其中单倍型h16的贝母素乙平均含量最高, 为0.063%, 单倍型h6贝母素乙的含量最低, 为0.044%; 统计学分析表明, 单倍型与贝母素乙含量间无显著性差异。鉴于其最高含量, 单倍型h16展现出潜在的良种选育价值。本研究有利于指导平贝母市场样品流通及临床科学合理用药, 同时也为保护平贝母的遗传多样性和持续开发利用提供参考。

, authors=阿木拉哈1, 张志飞1, 陈文沁1, 王馨1, 彭振瑜1, 王宝纬1, 童灿灿1, 刘子齐2, 王晓晖3, 4, *, 魏胜利1, 4, *, authorsList=阿木拉哈, 张志飞, 陈文沁, 王馨, 彭振瑜, 王宝纬, 童灿灿, 刘子齐, 王晓晖, 魏胜利, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王晓晖, 魏胜利, authorNote=

作者贡献:

阿木拉哈负责atpF和petB基因的扩增、序列和数据分析; 张志飞负责市场平贝母样品中贝母素乙的测定; 陈文沁、王馨负责数据分析和论文初步撰写; 彭振瑜负责市场平贝母样品打粉、DNA提取; 刘子齐、王宝纬、童灿灿负责全国各地区样品的收集; 王晓晖和魏胜利负责设计论文的实验思路, 指导学生实验、论文撰写及修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
王晓晖, E-mail:
魏胜利, E-mail:
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J Appl Genet, 2024, 65: 453-462., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262032191934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao W, Jiang H, Wang ZB, et al. Review on in pharmacological effects of Fritillaria [J]. Shanghai J Tradit Chin Med (上海中医药杂志), 2018, 52: 97-100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262107689407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang XY, Qiao YF, Wang RC, et al. Research progress on active ingredients and physiological effects of Fritillariae ussuriensis Bulbs [J]. Food Res Dev (食品研究与开发), 2025, 46: 197-204., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262178992576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu JH, Zhao W, Wang Y, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and clinical application of Fritillaria ussuriensis [J]. J Nanjing Univ Tradit Chin Med (南京中医药大学学报), 2024, 40: 315-328., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262246101441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=David A, Deepa Arul Priya J, Gautam A, et al. DNA sequencing technologies and DNA barcoding [J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2024, 2744: 139-154., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262304821698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin GY, Yuan L, Wang X, et al. Screening of specific DNA barcode, identification of germplasm resources, and analysis of genetic diversity of Atractylodes chinenesis [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2023, 58: 1693-1704., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262359347651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dou XM, Zhang JH, Wang X, et al. DNA barcode screening, identification of germplasm resources, and analysis of genetic diversity of Anemarrhena asphodeloides [J]. China J Chin Mater Med (中国中药杂志), 2024, 49: 88-99., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262443233732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiao L, Zhao B, Kong DX, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of Fritillaria ussuriensis germplasm resources based on Chloroplast gene ITS1, rpl20-rps12, and rbcL [J]. Liaoning For Sci Technol (辽宁林业科技), 2024, (02): 10-14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262535508421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu LT. The Mechanism of the Key Metabolic Pathways About Peiminine on HCT-116 Cell (贝母素乙对人结肠癌HCT-116细胞关键代谢通路作用机制的研究) [D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262602617286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen P, Zhou D, Liu Y, et al. Peiminine inhibits myocardial injury and fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway [J]. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol, 2022, 26: 87-94., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262665531847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li HT, Wang B, Han RC, et al. Determination of adenosine in Bulbus Fritiliariae ussuriensis in different harvest dates by HPLC [J]. West China J Pharm Sci (华西药学杂志), 2020, 25: 603-604., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841262736835016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang ZY, Hou SY, Wang ZL, et al. Study on peimisine content in Fritillaria ussuriensis from different habitats and phenological periods [J]. 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No.SourceLat (N) / Lon (E)No.SourceLat (N) / Lon (E)
S1Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S38Dingxi, Gansu35.5807°, 104.6263°
S2Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S39Linyi, Shandong35.1047°, 118.3564°
S3Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S40Liuan, Anhui31.7529°, 116.5077°
S4Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S41Huainan, Anhui32.6255°, 116.9998°
S5Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang44.5829°, 129.6186°S42Linquan, Anhui33.0626°, 115.2610°
S6Qitaihe, Heilongjiang45.7713°, 131.0156°S43Huangshan, Anhui29.7147°, 118.3375°
S7Daqing, Heilongjiang46.5905°, 125.1120°S44Huangshan, Anhui29.7147°, 118.3375°
S8Yichun, Heilongjiang47.7248°, 128.8993°S45Xuyi, Jiangsu33.0115°, 118.5441°
S9Changchun, Jilin43.8868°, 125.3245°S46Wuhan, Hubei30.5844°, 114.2986°
S10Yanji, Jilin42.8910°, 129.5138°S47Wuhan, Hubei30.5844°, 114.2986°
S11Baishan, Jilin41.9425°, 126.4279°S48Wuhan, Hubei30.5844°, 114.2986°
S12Tonghua, Jilin41.7214°, 125.9365°S49Huangshi, Hubei30.2052°, 115.0771°
S13Tonghua, Jilin41.7214°, 125.9365°S50Yichang, Hubei30.7026°, 111.2908°
S14Shenyang, Liaoning41.7968°, 123.4290°S51Changsha, Hunan28.2283°, 112.9388°
S15Shenyang, Liaoning41.7968°, 123.4290°S52Shaoyang, Hunan27.2389°, 111.4678°
S16Shenyang, Liaoning41.7968°, 123.4290°S53Yichun, Jiangxi27.8156°, 114.4168°
S17Dalian, Liaoning38.9140°, 121.6186°S54Fuzhou, Jiangxi27.9492°, 116.3582°
S18Bayanzhuoer, Neimenggu40.7430°, 107.3870°S55Ganzhou, Jiangxi25.8311°, 114.9350°
S19Eerduosi Neimenggu39.6083°, 109.7813°S56Fuzhou, Fujian26.0753°, 119.3062°
S20Tianjin39.1256°, 117.1902°S57Xiamen, Fujian24.4798°, 118.0894°
S21Shijiazhuang, Hebei38.0455°, 114.5025°S58Xiamen, Fujian24.4798°, 118.0894°
S22Shijiazhuang, Hebei38.0455°, 114.5025°S59Foshan, Guangdong23.0215°, 113.1214°
S23Handan, Hebei36.6123°, 114.4907°S60Zhuhai, Guangdong22.2559°, 113.5537°
S24Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S61Shenzhen, Guangdong22.5431°, 114.0579°
S25Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S62Jieyang, Guangdong23.5497°, 116.3728°
S26Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S63Chongqing29.5630°, 106.5516°
S27Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S64Chongqing29.5630°, 106.5516°
S28Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S65Chongqing29.5630°, 106.5516°
S29Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S66Suining, Sichuan30.5328°, 105.5929°
S30Cangzhou, Hebei38.3106°, 116.8575°S67Suining, Sichuan30.5328°, 105.5929°
S31Xinxiang, Henan35.3026°, 113.8836°S68Chendu, Sichuan30.5728°, 104.0665°
S32Xuchang, Henan34.0230°, 113.8261°S69Guiyang, Guizhou26.6477°, 106.6302°
S33Xuchang, Henan34.0230°, 113.8261°S70Guiyang, Guizhou26.6477°, 106.6302°
S34Xuchang, Henan34.0230°, 113.8261°S71Guiyang, Guizhou26.6477°, 106.6302°
S35Datong, Shanxi40.0903°, 113.2906°S72Kunming, Yunnan25.0406°, 102.7123°
S36Zibo, Shandong36.8131°, 118.0476°S73Chengmai, Hainan19.7371°, 110.0071°
S37Qingyang, Gansu35.7091°, 107.6383°S74Haikou, Hainan20.0440°, 110.1999°
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Sample list

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.SourceLat (N) / Lon (E)No.SourceLat (N) / Lon (E)
S1Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S38Dingxi, Gansu35.5807°, 104.6263°
S2Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S39Linyi, Shandong35.1047°, 118.3564°
S3Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S40Liuan, Anhui31.7529°, 116.5077°
S4Harbin, Heilongjiang45.7570°, 126.6424°S41Huainan, Anhui32.6255°, 116.9998°
S5Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang44.5829°, 129.6186°S42Linquan, Anhui33.0626°, 115.2610°
S6Qitaihe, Heilongjiang45.7713°, 131.0156°S43Huangshan, Anhui29.7147°, 118.3375°
S7Daqing, Heilongjiang46.5905°, 125.1120°S44Huangshan, Anhui29.7147°, 118.3375°
S8Yichun, Heilongjiang47.7248°, 128.8993°S45Xuyi, Jiangsu33.0115°, 118.5441°
S9Changchun, Jilin43.8868°, 125.3245°S46Wuhan, Hubei30.5844°, 114.2986°
S10Yanji, Jilin42.8910°, 129.5138°S47Wuhan, Hubei30.5844°, 114.2986°
S11Baishan, Jilin41.9425°, 126.4279°S48Wuhan, Hubei30.5844°, 114.2986°
S12Tonghua, Jilin41.7214°, 125.9365°S49Huangshi, Hubei30.2052°, 115.0771°
S13Tonghua, Jilin41.7214°, 125.9365°S50Yichang, Hubei30.7026°, 111.2908°
S14Shenyang, Liaoning41.7968°, 123.4290°S51Changsha, Hunan28.2283°, 112.9388°
S15Shenyang, Liaoning41.7968°, 123.4290°S52Shaoyang, Hunan27.2389°, 111.4678°
S16Shenyang, Liaoning41.7968°, 123.4290°S53Yichun, Jiangxi27.8156°, 114.4168°
S17Dalian, Liaoning38.9140°, 121.6186°S54Fuzhou, Jiangxi27.9492°, 116.3582°
S18Bayanzhuoer, Neimenggu40.7430°, 107.3870°S55Ganzhou, Jiangxi25.8311°, 114.9350°
S19Eerduosi Neimenggu39.6083°, 109.7813°S56Fuzhou, Fujian26.0753°, 119.3062°
S20Tianjin39.1256°, 117.1902°S57Xiamen, Fujian24.4798°, 118.0894°
S21Shijiazhuang, Hebei38.0455°, 114.5025°S58Xiamen, Fujian24.4798°, 118.0894°
S22Shijiazhuang, Hebei38.0455°, 114.5025°S59Foshan, Guangdong23.0215°, 113.1214°
S23Handan, Hebei36.6123°, 114.4907°S60Zhuhai, Guangdong22.2559°, 113.5537°
S24Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S61Shenzhen, Guangdong22.5431°, 114.0579°
S25Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S62Jieyang, Guangdong23.5497°, 116.3728°
S26Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S63Chongqing29.5630°, 106.5516°
S27Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S64Chongqing29.5630°, 106.5516°
S28Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S65Chongqing29.5630°, 106.5516°
S29Baodin, Hebei38.8677°, 115.4823°S66Suining, Sichuan30.5328°, 105.5929°
S30Cangzhou, Hebei38.3106°, 116.8575°S67Suining, Sichuan30.5328°, 105.5929°
S31Xinxiang, Henan35.3026°, 113.8836°S68Chendu, Sichuan30.5728°, 104.0665°
S32Xuchang, Henan34.0230°, 113.8261°S69Guiyang, Guizhou26.6477°, 106.6302°
S33Xuchang, Henan34.0230°, 113.8261°S70Guiyang, Guizhou26.6477°, 106.6302°
S34Xuchang, Henan34.0230°, 113.8261°S71Guiyang, Guizhou26.6477°, 106.6302°
S35Datong, Shanxi40.0903°, 113.2906°S72Kunming, Yunnan25.0406°, 102.7123°
S36Zibo, Shandong36.8131°, 118.0476°S73Chengmai, Hainan19.7371°, 110.0071°
S37Qingyang, Gansu35.7091°, 107.6383°S74Haikou, Hainan20.0440°, 110.1999°
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Gene fragmentPrimer orientationPrimer sequence (5′-3′)
atpFPositiveATTTGGCTCTCTCACGCTCAATC
ReverseAGTGTGGTGCTTGGTGTATTG
petBPositiveCTGAATTTGGTCAACGGACACCC
ReverseCGCAGTCAATACGCCCAGAATCAC
), ArticleFig(id=1308841259066818989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841248966934860, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

atpF gene fragment and petB gene fragment primer sequence

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Gene fragmentPrimer orientationPrimer sequence (5′-3′)
atpFPositiveATTTGGCTCTCTCACGCTCAATC
ReverseAGTGTGGTGCTTGGTGTATTG
petBPositiveCTGAATTTGGTCAACGGACACCC
ReverseCGCAGTCAATACGCCCAGAATCAC
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HaplotypeVariable site / bp
atpFpetB
174449544548167304348349359384757
h2GGGAGGGACGT
h3*****T*****
h4*A***T*****
h5********T**
h6*A******T**
h11*A*****GT**
h13**A********
h16*A*********
h19*A**A***T**
h20**A**T*****
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Mutation sites of atpF and petB combined analysis. *Indicates the same as h2

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HaplotypeVariable site / bp
atpFpetB
174449544548167304348349359384757
h2GGGAGGGACGT
h3*****T*****
h4*A***T*****
h5********T**
h6*A******T**
h11*A*****GT**
h13**A********
h16*A*********
h19*A**A***T**
h20**A**T*****
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市售平贝母的种质资源鉴定与质量评价
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阿木拉哈 1 , 张志飞 1 , 陈文沁 1 , 王馨 1 , 彭振瑜 1 , 王宝纬 1 , 童灿灿 1 , 刘子齐 2 , 王晓晖 3, 4, * , 魏胜利 1, 4, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(5): 1861-1868
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (5) : 1861 -1868
市售平贝母的种质资源鉴定与质量评价
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阿木拉哈1, 张志飞1, 陈文沁1, 王馨1, 彭振瑜1, 王宝纬1, 童灿灿1, 刘子齐2, 王晓晖3, 4, * , 魏胜利1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 2黑龙江北草堂中药材有限责任公司, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150900
  • 3北京中医药大学北京中医药研究院中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
  • 4中药材规范化生产教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100102
通讯作者:
王晓晖, E-mail:
魏胜利, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

阿木拉哈负责atpF和petB基因的扩增、序列和数据分析; 张志飞负责市场平贝母样品中贝母素乙的测定; 陈文沁、王馨负责数据分析和论文初步撰写; 彭振瑜负责市场平贝母样品打粉、DNA提取; 刘子齐、王宝纬、童灿灿负责全国各地区样品的收集; 王晓晖和魏胜利负责设计论文的实验思路, 指导学生实验、论文撰写及修改。

Identification of germplasm resources and quality evaluation of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim
La-ha A MU1, Zhi-fei ZHANG1, Wen-qin CHEN1, Xin WANG1, Zhen-yu PENG1, Bao-wei WANG1, Can-can TONG1, Zi-qi LIU2, Xiao-hui WANG3, 4, * , Sheng-li WEI1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 2Heilongjiang Beicaotang Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Harbin 150900, China
  • 3Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
  • 4Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100102, China
出版时间: 2026-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1079
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平贝母(Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim)为东北的珍贵药用植物。本研究基于前期叶绿体基因组测序结果, 选取平贝母叶绿体基因组片段atpF和petB作为特异性DNA条形码, 对市售平贝母进行种质资源鉴定, 并利用紫外分光光度计分析贝母素乙的含量, 以明确市场流通平贝母的主要种质资源和质量。本研究从全国23个省份52个市收集了74份市售平贝母样品, 基于atpF和petB序列联合分析共鉴定出10种单倍型(h2、h3、h4、h5、h6、h11、h13、h16、h19和h20), 其中h19和h20为首次发现的单倍型; 单倍型h4为主要单倍型, 占总样本量的44.59%, 其次为单倍型h3。结果显示, 60份(81.08%)的市售平贝母样品符合2025版《中华人民共和国药典》的标准。各样品的贝母素乙含量在0.044%~0.075%之间, 样品质量参差不齐; 其中单倍型h16的贝母素乙平均含量最高, 为0.063%, 单倍型h6贝母素乙的含量最低, 为0.044%; 统计学分析表明, 单倍型与贝母素乙含量间无显著性差异。鉴于其最高含量, 单倍型h16展现出潜在的良种选育价值。本研究有利于指导平贝母市场样品流通及临床科学合理用药, 同时也为保护平贝母的遗传多样性和持续开发利用提供参考。

平贝母  /  DNA条形码  /  单倍型  /  贝母素乙  /  质量评价

Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim is a valuable medicinal plant in Northeast China. Based on previous chloroplast genome sequencing results, this study selected the chloroplast genome fragments atpF and petB as specific DNA barcodes to identify germplasm resources of commercially available F. ussuriensis. Additionally, the content of peiminine was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometer, aiming to clarify the main germplasm resources and quality of F. ussuriensis in the market. In this study, 74 samples of commercially available F. ussuriensis were collected from 52 cities across 23 provinces. Based on the combined analysis of atpF and petB sequences, a total of 10 haplotypes (h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h11, h13, h16, h19, and h20) were identified, among which h19 and h20 were reported for the first time. Haplotype h4 was the predominant haplotype, accounting for 44.59% of the total samples, followed by haplotype h3. The content determination results showed that 60 batches (81.08%) of commercially available F. ussuriensis samples met the standards of the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The content of peiminine in the samples ranged from 0.044% to 0.075%, and the sample quality was uneven; among them, haplotype h16 had the highest average content of peiminine at 0.063%, while haplotype h6 had the lowest at 0.044%. Statistical analysis indicates that, overall, there is no statistically significant difference between haplotypes and the content of peiminine. Given its highest peiminine content, haplotype h16 shows potential value for selective breeding. This study is conducive to guiding the circulation of F. ussuriensis samples in the market and rational clinical use, and also provides a reference for protecting the genetic diversity of F. ussuriensis and for its sustainable development and utilisation.

Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim  /  DNA barcode  /  haplotype  /  peiminine  /  quality evaluation
阿木拉哈, 张志飞, 陈文沁, 王馨, 彭振瑜, 王宝纬, 童灿灿, 刘子齐, 王晓晖, 魏胜利. 市售平贝母的种质资源鉴定与质量评价. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (5) : 1861 -1868 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1079
La-ha A MU, Zhi-fei ZHANG, Wen-qin CHEN, Xin WANG, Zhen-yu PENG, Bao-wei WANG, Can-can TONG, Zi-qi LIU, Xiao-hui WANG, Sheng-li WEI. Identification of germplasm resources and quality evaluation of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (5) : 1861 -1868 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1079
平贝母为百合科植物平贝母(Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.)的干燥鳞茎, 具清热润肺、化痰止咳之功效。主治肺热燥咳, 干咳少痰, 阴虚劳嗽, 咳痰带血等症[1]。在临床应用中, 平贝母是多种中成药的关键原料, 如小儿肺热平胶囊[2]及羚贝止咳糖浆[3]等。因此, 开展平贝母种质资源鉴定与质量评价, 不仅有助于阐明其种质来源并提升药材品质, 有利于指导平贝母的市场流通和临床用药, 同时对保护平贝母遗传多样性和实现可持续开发利用具有重要意义。
近年来, DNA条形码技术在中医药研究领域发展迅速, 尤其在种质资源物种鉴定方面发挥着重要作用[4]。叶绿体DNA因其多表现为母系遗传, 具有较高的遗传稳定性, 常被用作分子标记, 广泛应用于药用植物的种质资源鉴定[5]。例如, He等[6]对9个不同产地的丹参新鲜叶片进行叶绿体全基因组测序, 筛选出高变区域atpF和rps4_trnT-UGU, 可作为高效、低成本的DNA条形码, 实现丹参种质资源的精确鉴别。An等[7]通过比较芍药叶绿体全基因组, 研究表明rpoB和psbK-psbI基因可作为芍药种内鉴定的潜在特异性DNA条形码。Jiang等[8]对来自不同地理位置的两种黄芩基因型进行了测序, 其所描述的基因组和标记资源不仅为物种水平的物种鉴定提供了分子工具包, 而且为黄芩的遗传多样性和种群结构提供了准确的信息。Wang等[9]通过比较叶绿体基因组学筛选的特异性DNA条形码, 表明petN-psbM和ndhF_rpl32可用于北柴胡种内种质资源鉴定。Zhang等[10]通过比较不同道地产区刺五加的叶绿体基因组, 筛选出特异性条形码atpI和atpB_rbcL片段, 分别鉴定出9个和8个基因型, 为刺五加的种质鉴定、遗传多样性分析及其道地性研究提供了基础。综上, DNA条形码技术在中药材种质资源鉴定与遗传多样性研究中具有重要应用价值。目前, 基于叶绿体基因的贝母属植物鉴别研究已广泛开展[11, 12]。Li等[13]通过比较贝母属植物的叶绿体基因组, 发现7个基因间区可作为潜在的属内特异性DNA条形码, 为该属植物鉴定提供了新途径。课题组前期研究[14]对来自不同产区的平贝母进行叶绿体基因组比较分析, 筛选出atpF和petB作为特异性DNA条形码, 并基于此开展平贝母群体的鉴定及遗传多样性分析。利用atpF和petB对13个群体的183份样本进行扩增, 分别鉴定出6种和9种单倍型; 联合分析两条序列共识别出18种单倍型。因此, atpF与petB基因可用于市售平贝母的种质资源鉴别与地理来源追溯。
贝母素乙(peiminine)为生物碱类物质, 是平贝母的主要药效成分, 具有止咳、平喘、祛痰、抗炎和抗肿瘤等活性[15]。根据《中华人民共和国药典》 (2025年版)规定, 贝母素乙被列为平贝母含量测定的指标成分, 并要求平贝母饮片中贝母素乙的含量不得低于0.050%。贝母素乙含量的检测是评价平贝母药材及其制剂内在质量的核心依据。因此, 对市售平贝母中贝母素乙的含量进行测定, 有助于客观评估药材质量, 保障其临床疗效与用药安全。本研究于全国23个省、52个市共收集74份市售平贝母药材样本, 通过测定atpF和petB基因的单倍型, 推断其潜在地理来源; 结合单倍型的地理分布特征, 进一步分析市售平贝母的流通路径与规律。同时, 参照《中华人民共和国药典》方法, 采用紫外分光光度法测定贝母素乙含量, 以评价药材质量。研究结果可为平贝母的品种选育、市场流通调控及临床合理用药提供科学依据。
材料   研究所用市售平贝母饮片样品共计74份, 采集时间为2021年5月至2022年11月。样品来源覆盖全国23个省份的52个市。所有样品均经北京中医药大学中药学院魏胜利教授鉴定, 确认该饮片的原药材为百合科植物平贝母(Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.)的干燥鳞茎。具体样品信息详见表1。
仪器   PCR仪(T100, Bio-Rad); 电泳仪(JY300E, 北京君意东方电泳有限公司); 凝胶成像分析仪(WD-9413 B, 北京六一生物科技有限公司); 紫外可见分光光度计(P7, MAPADA); 冷冻高速离心机(TGL-16, 湘仪离心机仪器有限公司); 超微量分光光度计(Nano Drop, Thermo Fisher); 电子天平(PL602E, METTLER TOLEDO); 粉碎机(LG-01, 瑞安市百信制药机械有限公司); 涡旋混合器(GL-88 B, 海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司); 制冰机(IMS-40, 常熟市圣海电器有限公司)。
试剂   植物基因组提取试剂盒(7E3340G5)、RNaseA酶(686061BB)、10×DNA loading buffer (Q11012)、产物纯化试剂盒(7E761H3)均购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司; 乙醇(2023010, 天津市致远化学试剂有限公司); β-巯基乙醇(C13830536)、PVP-40 (20230630)、Tris-乙酸盐-EDTA缓冲液(202102119)、GelRed染料(20220118)均购自北京百瑞极生物科技有限公司; Taq DNA聚合酶(AO20874A)、dNTP Mixture (ANF0528A)、DL1000 DNA Marker (TaKaRa); 琼脂糖(Biowest Agrose, 西班牙); 贝母素乙标准品(B20081, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 甲醇(AR, Thermo Scientific); 氯仿(20220116, 北京市通广精细化工公司); 浓氨水(20191125)、溴百里香酚蓝(20200602)均购自福晨(天津)化学试剂有限公司; 邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲溶液(20230106, 天津市光复科技发展有限公司); 氢氧化钠溶液(2200915, 天津市大茂化学试剂厂); atpF和petB引物由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司合成。
DNA提取和检测   将市售平贝母饮片样品粉碎后过四号筛, 称取20 mg粉末, 采用E.Z.N.A® Plant DNA Kit提取总DNA, 通过1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量与完整性, 并使用NanoDrop微量分光光度计测定DNA浓度和纯度(以OD260/OD280比值评估), 取其中500 ng合格DNA用于构建文库, 在Illumina HiSeq XTen平台进行双端测序(PE150), 对原始测序数据依次进行以下处理: 剔除质量值连续≤ 20的碱基数占比达40%的reads; 去除含N碱基总数超过10%的reads; 清除接头污染; 去除重复序列污染; 最终获得高质量清洁序列(clean reads), 用于后续分析。
PCR扩增产物检测和测序   根据前期分析与实验筛选结果, 针对平贝母atpF与petB基因区段设计特异性引物, 引物序列见表2。对采集的74份平贝母样品进行PCR扩增, 并对测序结果进行后续分析。
PCR反应体系总体积为50 μL, 包括: Taq酶0.5 μL、dNTP 4 μL、10×loading buffer 5 μL, 上下游引物(2.5 μmol·L-1)各1 μL, DNA模板约10 ng, 以灭菌双蒸水补足至50 μL。PCR反应程序设置为: 95 ℃预变性5 min; 随后进行35个循环, 每个循环包括95 ℃变性30 s、56 ℃退火30 s、72 ℃延伸1 min; 循环结束后72 ℃终延伸10 min; 最终于4 ℃保存。取1.0 μL的PCR扩增产物, 经1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳(恒定电压120 V, 时间40 min)检测, 回收并纯化目的条带。纯化产物送交北京六合华大基因科技有限公司完成测序。
序列分析   使用DNAMAN 7.0对双向测序所得序列进行比对, 确保正、反向测序结果一致。去除两端不可靠的侧翼序列后, 将处理后的高质量序列保存为FASTA格式。随后利用MEGA 7.0与DNAsp 6.0对序列进一步分析, 识别市售平贝母样品中的变异位点, 并据此确定其单倍型。
对照品溶液的制备   精密称取贝母素乙对照品1.000 0 mg, 置于10 mL量瓶中, 加入适量三氯甲烷(色谱纯)溶解, 超声处理5 min使充分溶解, 再用三氯甲烷定容至刻度, 摇匀, 即得浓度为0.1 mg·mL-1的贝母素乙对照品储备液。所制备的对照品溶液转移至棕色玻璃瓶, 密封后于4 ℃避光保存, 备用。
供试品溶液的制备   参照《中华人民共和国药典》 (2025年版)方法, 精密称取平贝母粉末2.000 0 g, 置于具塞锥形瓶中, 加入3 mL浓氨试液浸润1 h, 再加入40 mL三氯甲烷-甲醇(4∶1)混合溶液, 于80 ℃水浴加热回流2 h。冷却至室温后过滤, 滤液收集于具塞锥形瓶中。取适量三氯甲烷-甲醇(4∶1)混合溶液洗涤药渣2~3次, 洗液过滤后与滤液合并, 蒸干, 残渣加三氯甲烷溶解, 定容至25 mL量瓶中, 混匀。精密量取该溶液2.0 mL, 置25 mL量瓶中, 作为供试品溶液, 备用。
标准曲线的制备   分别精密量取0.5、1、2、3、4 mL贝母素乙对照品储备液, 置于25 mL量瓶中, 依次加入5 mL的0.2 mol·L-1邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲溶液与2 mL的0.03%溴百里香酚蓝溶液, 加三氯甲烷定容, 振荡混匀, 将溶液转移至分液漏斗中, 静置45 min, 收集下层溶液, 经滤纸过滤, 作为系列浓度对照品溶液。采用紫外可见分光光度法, 在412 nm波长处测定各溶液的吸光度, 以贝母素乙浓度为横坐标, 吸光度为纵坐标, 绘制标准曲线。
测定方法   参照中国药典(2025年版)方法, 精密称取平贝母粉末2.0 g, 置于具塞锥形瓶中, 加入3 mL浓氨试液浸润1 h, 再加入40 mL三氯甲烷-甲醇(4∶1)混合溶液, 于80 ℃水浴加热回流2 h。冷却至室温后过滤, 滤液收集于具塞锥形瓶中。用药渣以适量三氯甲烷-甲醇(4∶1)混合溶液洗涤2或3次, 洗液过滤后与前述滤液合并, 蒸干。残渣加三氯甲烷溶解, 转移至25 mL量瓶中, 定容至25 mL刻度, 混匀。精密量取该溶液2.0 mL, 置25 mL量瓶中, 照标准曲线制备方法, 自“加入0.2 mol·L-1邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲溶液5 mL”起, 同步操作, 测定吸光度, 根据标准曲线计算供试品溶液中贝母素乙的质量(mg), 即得样品中贝母素乙含量。
统计学分析   使用SPSS 20.0进行统计学分析, 采用单因素方差分析(One Way ANOVA)比较不同单倍型间含量差异, 并进一步使用LSD法进行多重比较。
74份市售平贝母样品中提取基因组DNA, 浓度范围为23.6~300.5 ng·μL-1, 质量经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果良好(图1)。如图2所示, atpF基因的扩增产物在500~700 bp区间内呈现单一且明亮的条带, PCR产物回收纯化并测序后, 与参考序列比对, 确认其为平贝母atpF基因, 扩增效率达100%。此外, 如图3所示, petB基因的扩增产物在700~1 000 bp区间内呈现单一且较明亮的条带, 经回收纯化测序并与参考序列比对, 确认其为平贝母petB基因, 扩增效率亦为100%。
基于前期收集的183份产地样品, 本课题组对atpF与petB基因片段进行了扩增, 分别能形成6、9个单倍型; 联合分析可鉴别出18种单倍型, 适用于平贝母的产地鉴别。本研究对74份市售平贝母饮片进行分析, atpF与petB基因分别鉴定出3和4种单倍型, 联合分析共识别出10种单倍型, 分别为h2、h3、h4、h5、h6、h11、h13、h16、h19、h20, 变异位点如表3所示。单倍型分布频率由高至低依次为: h4 > h3 > h2 > h16 > h5 > h6 = h11 = h13 = h19 = h20。种质资源追溯结果显示, 市售样品主要来源于栽培种群。其中, 主要单倍型为h4占总样本量的44.59%, 广泛分布于全国17个省市(黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、天津市、河北省、河南省、山东省、甘肃省、安徽省、江苏省、湖北省、湖南省、江西省、福建省、广东省、重庆市、四川省)的市售样本中; 前期研究表明, h4主要产自黑龙江省伊春市铁力市、伊春市南岔县、哈尔滨市、尚志市、鸡西市恒山区、牡丹江市林口县及吉林省白山市靖宇县、敦化市、通化市辉南县、通化市柳河县、抚顺市新宾县等地区; h3占总样本量的25.68%, 在10个省/自治区, 包括黑龙江省、辽宁省、吉林省、内蒙古自治区、河北省、河南省、安徽省、湖南省、福建省及广东省的市场样本中均有检出, 其栽培来源均来自黑龙江与吉林两省, 具体包括: 黑龙江省的伊春市铁力市、尚志市、鸡西市恒山区、牡丹江市林口县; 以及吉林省的吉林市、敦化市、通化市柳河县; h2占比10.81%, 存在于黑龙江省、内蒙古自治区、北京市、山西省、河南省、安徽省、广东省市售品中, 来源于黑龙江省哈尔滨市、尚志市、吉林省通化市辉南县、吉林省通化市柳河县、吉林省白山市靖宇县、吉林省白山市靖宇县栽培品中; h16占比8.11%, 存在于黑龙江省、吉林省、河南省、安徽省、四川省、重庆市市场样品中, 来源于黑龙江省伊春市南岔县产地样品中; h5占比4.05%, 存在于黑龙江省、河北省、重庆市样品中, 来源于吉林省吉林市、敦化市、吉林省通化市辉南县、吉林省通化市柳河县产地样品中; h6、h11、h13、h19、h20占比均为1.35%, 其中, h6存在于黑龙江省市场样品中, 来源于黑龙江省伊春市铁力市、黑龙江省哈尔滨市、尚志市、吉林省白山市靖宇县产地样品中; h13存在于湖北省市售样品中, 来源于黑龙江省哈尔滨市、尚志市、吉林省白山市靖宇县、吉林省吉林市、敦化市、吉林省通化市辉南县产地样品中; 市场样品中存在特异单倍型h11, 由于其是黑龙江省伊春市铁力市的特异性单倍型, 因此市场样品中出现的h11可追溯至该产地。在北京市售样本中鉴定出两种新型单倍型h19与h20, 为前期产地调查中未见的类型, 提示可能存在未被覆盖的产地来源。
74份市售平贝母饮片中的贝母素乙含量测定结果显示, 60份样品含量符合药典标准(≥ 0.050%), 合格率为81.08%。不合格样品分布于黑龙江、辽宁、北京、河南、山东与河北等省市, 表明市售平贝母质量存在参差不齐的现象。对市售平贝母进行了不同单倍型与贝母素乙含量的关联分析发现, 贝母素乙平均含量最高的单倍型为h16, 为0.063%, 平均含量最低的单倍型为h6, 为0.044%; 贝母素乙含量差异最大的单倍型是h3和h4, 均为0.029%。单因素方差分析整体结果显示, 各组间差异无统计学意义(P = 0.091)。进一步的LSD多重比较表明, 部分组间存在显著差异: h16与h2组间差异具有统计学意义(P = 0.016); h16与h3组间差异具有统计学意义(P = 0.013); h6与h4组间差异具有统计学意义(P = 0.018); 其余组间比较差异均无统计学差异(P > 0.05), 见图4。尽管h11、h13与h16样品含量均符合中国药典规定, 但h11和h13的样本量较少, 结果稳定性存疑。综合来看, h16单倍型在保持含量合格的同时具有较好的样本代表性, 展现出作为优良种质资源的潜力, 可用于后续优良种质资源筛选。
平贝母(Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.)是我国东北地区重要的药用植物, 其干燥鳞茎作为传统中药材, 具有悠久的药用历史和显著的临床效果[16]。在中医理论中, 平贝母被广泛应用于清热润肺、化痰止咳, 对急性扁桃体炎、慢性气管炎等呼吸系统疾病疗效显著, 是治疗咳、痰、喘的常用药物[17]。随着大健康产业的发展, 平贝母的应用已延伸至食品与保健领域, 成为资源开发的热点, 其种质资源的鉴定与可持续利用也愈发重要。
DNA条形码技术基于物种间保守的基因序列差异, 可实现快速、准确的物种鉴定, 目前已广泛应用于药用植物的种质资源鉴定[18]。例如, Yin等[19]利用ccsA和trnC-GCA_petN片段分析了北苍术的遗传多样性; Dou等[20]通过比较基因组学筛选特异性条形码, 对全国不同产地的知母进行了种质资源鉴定。在平贝母研究方面, Jiao等[21]基于ITS1、rpl20_rps12和rbcL序列分析了其遗传多样性, 发现栽培种与野生种亲缘关系较近, 提示可能存在种质扩散。本课题组前期研究, 进一步筛选出atpF与petB作为平贝母特异性叶绿体条形码, 在183份产地样本中鉴定出18种单倍型, 显示出良好的产地鉴别潜力。然而, 由于市售药材DNA降解严重、PCR扩增效率低等技术限制, 目前对市售平贝母饮片的种质资源构成与流通现状尚缺乏系统研究。因此, 本研究基于前期筛选的atpF与petB条形码, 对全国范围内采购的平贝母饮片进行分子鉴定与质量评价, 旨在明确其单倍型分布与主流种质类型, 为市场质量控制与资源合理利用提供科学依据。
本研究对采自全国23个省份52个市的74份平贝母饮片进行了DNA提取, 并利用种内特异性条形码atpF和petB进行扩增、测序及联合分析。结果显示, 所有市售样品共鉴定出10种单倍型, 其中8种(h2、h3、h4、h5、h6、h11、h13、h16)与前期产地研究相符, 2个单倍型为首次发现, 命名为h19和h20。h4是市场主流类型, 占总样本量的44.59%, 其地理来源广泛, 覆盖黑龙江省伊春市铁力市、伊春市南岔县、哈尔滨市、尚志市、鸡西市恒山区、牡丹江市林口县及吉林省白山市靖宇县、敦化市、通化市辉南县、通化市柳河县、抚顺市新宾县等地。溯源分析表明, h11为黑龙江省伊春市铁力市所特有, 因此市售样品中的h11应来源于该产地。以上结果揭示了市售平贝母的流通单倍型较为集中, 并验证了利用产地特有单倍型进行产地溯源的可行性。但部分单倍型(如h11、h13)样本量极少(n = 1或2), 这种样本分布的不均衡可能导致统计效能不足, 影响相关结论的稳定性, 后续研究应增加实验样本量, 增强数据可支持性。此外, 本研究在北京市售样品中发现两种新单倍型h19和h20, 提示可能存在尚未被采样的产地种群。为增强结果的代表性与解释力, 后续研究有必要进一步扩大产地采样范围, 并重点补充低频单倍型的样本数量, 以更全面揭示平贝母的遗传多样性与地理分布特征。
中药质量直接影响中药处方和制剂的临床疗效和安全, 而活性成分含量是评价中药质量的关键指标。根据2025年版《中华人民共和国药典》规定, 贝母素乙被列为平贝母的质控成分, 该成分不仅是其止咳化痰作用的主要活性物质, 亦被证实能抑制人结肠癌细胞HCT-116生长[22], 也可以通过调节丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路抑制大鼠心肌梗死后心肌损伤和纤维化[23]。平贝母鳞茎中贝母素乙含量变化规律与平贝母地下器官生长发育规律和不同生长期总生物碱含量变化规律基本一致[24, 25]。本研究对74份市售平贝母饮片中的贝母素乙的含量进行测定, 以贝母素乙的含量为评价标准, 对74份市售平贝母饮片进行贝母素乙含量的测定。结果显示, 81.08%饮片达到了标准, 市场上仍有一些平贝母饮片存在不合格的现象, 样品间含量差异显著, 最高含量为0.075%, 最低含量为0.044%。对不同基因型的平贝母市售样品的贝母素乙含量进行分析, 结果表明相同基因型的样品之间差异比较大, 如h4样品中, 最高含量是0.075%, 最低含量是0.046%, 贝母素乙含量差异最大的单倍型是h3和h4, 都是0.029%。尽管大部分市售平贝母样品的贝母素乙含量符合《中华人民共和国药典》要求, 但其质量参差不齐。本研究通过单因素方差分析发现各单倍型组间贝母素乙含量无显著性差异(P = 0.091), 但是LSD多重比较发现部分单倍型组间贝母素乙含量存在显著差异。其中, h16单倍型组的贝母素乙含量显著高于h2 (P = 0.016)与h3 (P = 0.013)单倍型组, 且该单倍型所有样品的贝母素乙含量均高于药典规定标准, 表明h16单倍型可作为优良种质资源的潜力, 其在后续品种选育中具有重要应用价值。同时h6与h4单倍型组间亦存在显著差异(P = 0.018)。这些结果表明, 在本研究条件下, 未能建立叶绿体单倍型与贝母素乙含量之间的显著统计关联。尽管观察到某些组间存在差异趋势, 但整体关联性未达显著性水平。这暗示单倍型的潜在作用可能被栽培环境、产地、采收时间及加工方法等其他外部因素的显著影响所掩盖。未来需要控制这些混杂因素的研究来加以验证。本研究为平贝母的遗传改良、质量标准化、市场流通及临床合理用药提供了理论依据。

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2026年第61卷第5期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1079
  • 接收时间:2025-09-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-05-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10
  • 修回日期:2026-01-02
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    1北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
    2黑龙江北草堂中药材有限责任公司, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150900
    3北京中医药大学北京中医药研究院中药现代研究中心, 北京 102488
    4中药材规范化生产教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100102

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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