Article(id=1308841035757876211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752249600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-12, revisedDate=1760198400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981620015, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1778515200000, pubDateStr=2026-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981620015, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981620015, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981620015, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308840985296204417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='5', pageStart='1435', pageEnd='1880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778515200000', pubDateStr='2026-05-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981607984, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984207975, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851890515968862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840985296204417, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1598, endPage=1609, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308841036034700276, articleId=1308841035757876211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Engineered microalgae and their applications in tumor therapy, columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Microalgae, as a class of photosynthetic microorganisms, possess excellent biocompatibility and metabolic diversity. They are capable of synthesizing various natural products with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities, while also demonstrating great potential as drug delivery vehicles. Their inherent properties — such as self-propelled motility, photosynthetic oxygen generation, and biodegradability — facilitate enhanced accumulation of therapeutics within tumor tissues and improve treatment efficacy. However, natural microalgae still face limitations in targeting ability and drug loading capacity, necessitating engineering strategies to meet the complex demands of cancer therapy. This review summarizes representative microalgal species, their structural features, and biomedical applications. It further provides a systematic overview of current engineering approaches, including physical interactions, chemical modifications, biomembrane coatings, and genetic engineering. Particular attention is given to their emerging roles in multimodal tumor therapies, such as photoresponsive, magnetically guided, and immuno-combined treatment platforms. Finally, future development directions and prospects for clinical translation are discussed.

, authors=Juan TAO1, 2, Yu-ning WEI1, Meng-yu ZHAO1, Jin-long YANG1, 3, Jian-ping QI1, *, authorsList=Juan TAO, Yu-ning WEI, Meng-yu ZHAO, Jin-long YANG, Jian-ping QI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-ping QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308841037079081981, articleId=1308841035757876211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=工程化微藻及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

微藻作为一类光合微生物, 具有良好的生物相容性和代谢多样性, 能合成多种具有抗氧化、免疫调节及抗肿瘤作用的天然产物, 同时展现出良好的药物递送潜力。其自驱动运动、光合产氧、生物可降解等特性, 有助于增强药物在肿瘤组织中的富集与治疗效果。然而, 天然微藻在靶向性、负载能力等方面仍存在一定局限, 需通过工程化手段加以改造以满足复杂的肿瘤治疗需求。本文对代表性微藻的种类、结构特性及其应用进行了总结, 并系统讨论了工程化微藻的构建策略, 包括物理相互作用、化学修饰、生物膜包覆及基因工程改造等多种方式。重点探讨其在肿瘤治疗中的多模式应用进展, 如光响应、磁控和免疫联合治疗平台, 并对其未来发展方向与临床转化前景进行展望。

, authors=陶娟1, 2, 魏玉宁1, 赵梦宇1, 杨金龙1, 3, 戚建平1, *, authorsList=陶娟, 魏玉宁, 赵梦宇, 杨金龙, 戚建平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=戚建平, authorNote=

作者贡献:

陶娟负责文献检索、文章撰写与修改; 魏玉宁、赵梦宇负责文章内容修改; 杨金龙、戚建平负责文章选题、指导和审校。

, correspAuthorsNote=
戚建平, Tel/Fax: 86-21-51980084, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=f/EEJrXq7SnecKiZHhouqA==, magXml=tgMzeHqH8shzF0N1OiNxHA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1m4SvPsGrU28qX0y5cRt7A==, pdfFileSize=5478921, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=e+V01aZcSf8YqiwOuqKdDw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1j7JBa5SJMRt8dDvD6WLrQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1308841039176232967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039251730442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039176232967, language=EN, stringName=Juan TAO, firstName=Juan, middleName=null, lastName=TAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
2School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039327227915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039176232967, language=CN, stringName=陶娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
2江苏护理职业学院中医药学院, 江苏 淮安 223001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841037368487936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037376876545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037368487936, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037381070850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037368487936, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2江苏护理职业学院中医药学院, 江苏 淮安 223001)])]), Author(id=1308841039390142477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039503388687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039390142477, language=EN, stringName=Yu-ning WEI, firstName=Yu-ning, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039587274768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039390142477, language=CN, stringName=魏玉宁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1308841039658577938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039738269716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039658577938, language=EN, stringName=Meng-yu ZHAO, firstName=Meng-yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039805378581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039658577938, language=CN, stringName=赵梦宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1308841039910236183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040019288090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039910236183, language=EN, stringName=Jin-long YANG, firstName=Jin-long, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
3Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040086396955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039910236183, language=CN, stringName=杨金龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
3同济大学医学院皮肤病医院, 上海 200443, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841039050403843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841039079763972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841039050403843, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841039088152581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841039050403843, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3同济大学医学院皮肤病医院, 上海 200443)])]), Author(id=1308841040153505821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qijianping@fudan.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040249974815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841040153505821, language=EN, stringName=Jian-ping QI, firstName=Jian-ping, middleName=null, lastName=QI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040321277984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841040153505821, language=CN, stringName=戚建平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1308841040426135585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=microalgae), Keyword(id=1308841040484855842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=engineered microalgae), Keyword(id=1308841040539381795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=tumor therapy), Keyword(id=1308841040614879268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=drug delivery), Keyword(id=1308841040698765349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=tumor targeting), Keyword(id=1308841040774262822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=微藻), Keyword(id=1308841040933646375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=工程化微藻), Keyword(id=1308841040992366632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=肿瘤治疗), Keyword(id=1308841041055281193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=药物递送), Keyword(id=1308841041139167274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=肿瘤靶向)], refs=[Reference(id=1308841043861270581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Martínez-Reyes I, Chandel NS. Cancer metabolism: Looking forward [J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2021, 21: 669-680., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841043936768054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen N, Han LF, Hu HL, et al. Research progress of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in tumor therapy [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2025, 60: 2132-2141., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044024848439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kaur R, Bhardwaj A, Gupta S. Cancer treatment therapies: Traditional to modern approaches to combat cancers [J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2023, 50: 9663-9676., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044091957304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Czajka-Francuz P, Prendes MJ, Mankan A, et al. Mechanisms of immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment and implications for targeted therapy [J]. Front Oncol, 2023, 13: 1200646., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044175843385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Roy R, Singh SK. The microbiome modulates the immune system to influence cancer therapy [J]. Cancers (Basel), 2024, 16: 779., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044272312378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiji MG, Ninan MA, Thomas VP, et al. Edible microalgae: potential candidate for developing edible vaccines [J]. Vegetos, 2023, 37: 1-6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044339421243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang RX, Zhou M. Research progress of active microalgae drug delivery systems [J]. Prog Pharm Sci (药学进展), 2024, 48: 403-411., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044419113020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Depra MC, Dias RR, Maroneze MM, et al. Bioactive polysaccharides from microalgae: A close look at the biomedical applications [J]. Recent Pat Biotechnol, 2023, 17: 296-311., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044515582013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Suh SS, Hong JM, Kim EJ, et al. Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis [J]. Int J Med Sci, 2019, 16: 189-197., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044620439614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bjørklund G, Gasmi A, Lenchyk L, et al. The role of astaxanthin as a nutraceutical in health and age-related conditions [J]. Molecules, 2022, 27: 7167., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044687548479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang RX, Wang ZY, Zhang M, et al. Application of photosensitive microalgae in targeted tumor therapy [J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2025, 219: 115519., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044763045952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aires-Fernandes M, Botelho Costa R, Rochetti do Amaral S, et al. Development of biotechnological photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: Cancer research and treatment—from benchtop to clinical practice [J]. Molecules, 2022, 27: 6848., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044842737729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou M, Yin YN, Zhao JH, et al. Applications of microalga-powered microrobots in targeted drug delivery [J]. Biomater Sci, 2023, 11: 7512-7530., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044926623810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang FY, Li ZX, Chen CR, et al. Biohybrid microalgae robots: Design, fabrication, materials, and applications [J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: e2303714., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841044997926979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Khavari F, Saidijam M, Taheri M, et al. Microalgae: Therapeutic potentials and applications [J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2021, 48: 4757-4765., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045086007364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren CJ, Zhong DN, Qi YC, et al. Bioinspired pH-responsive microalgal hydrogels for oral insulin delivery with both hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects [J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 14161-14175., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045165699141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Attia YA, Hassan RA, Addeo NF, et al. Effects of Spirulina platensis and/or Allium sativum on antioxidant status, immune response, gut morphology, and intestinal lactobacilli and coliforms of heat-stressed broiler chicken [J]. Vet Sci, 2023, 10: 678., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045220225094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong DN, Zhang DX, Xie TT, et al. Biodegradable microalgae-based carriers for targeted delivery and imaging-guided therapy toward lung metastasis of breast cancer [J]. Small, 2020, 16: e2000819., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045283139655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Torres-Tiji Y, Fields FJ, Mayfield SP. Microalgae as a future food source [J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2020, 41: 107536., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045362831432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang FY, Li ZX, Duan YO, et al. Gastrointestinal tract drug delivery using algae motors embedded in a degradable capsule [J]. Sci Robot, 2022, 7: eabo4160., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045421551689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Delasoie J, Schiel P, Vojnovic S, et al. Photoactivatable surface-functionalized diatom microalgae for colorectal cancer targeted delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity of anticancer complexes [J]. Pharmaceutics, 2020, 12: 480., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045497049162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou JJ, Wang M, Bäuerl C, et al. The impact of liquid-pressurized extracts of Spirulina, Chlorella and Phaedactylum tricornutum on in vitro antioxidant, antiinflammatory and bacterial growth effects and gut microbiota modulation [J]. Food Chem, 2023, 401: 134083., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045559963723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi Q, Chen C, Zhang W, et al. Transgenic eukaryotic microalgae as green factories: Providing new ideas for the production of biologically active substances [J]. J Appl Phycol, 2021, 33: 705-728., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045622878284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fong WN, Li Q, Ji FF, et al. Lactobacillus gallinarum-derived metabolites boost anti-PD1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by inhibiting regulatory T cells through modulating IDO1/Kyn/AHR axis [J]. Gut, 2023, 72: 2272., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045694181453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia JX, Wang XC, Lin X, et al. Engineered microorganisms for advancing tumor therapy [J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: e2313389., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045765484622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pankratov D, Pankratova G, Gorton L. Thylakoid membrane-based photobioelectrochemical systems: Achievements, limitations, and perspectives [J]. Curr Opin Electrochem, 2020, 19: 49-54., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045849370703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang DX, He J, Cui JR, et al. Oral microalgae-nano integrated system against radiation-induced injury [J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 10560-10576., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841045924868176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yasa O, Erkoc P, Alapan Y, et al. Microalga-powered microswimmers toward active cargo delivery [J]. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1804130., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841046004559953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Venturelli OS, Wang HH, Estrela S, et al. What is the key challenge in engineering microbiomes? [J]. Cell Syst, 2023, 14: 85-90., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841046080057426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang DX, Zhong DN, Ouyang J, et al. Microalgae-based oral microcarriers for gut microbiota homeostasis and intestinal protection in cancer radiotherapy [J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 1413., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841046151360595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen JW, Li T, Liang JH, et al. Current status of intratumour microbiome in cancer and engineered exogenous microbiota as a promising therapeutic strategy [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2022, 145: 112443., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841046218469460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen XY, Zhu CJ, Liu XT, et al. Engineered bacteria for augmented in situ tumor vaccination [J]. Biomater Sci, 2023, 11: 1137-1152., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841046293966933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=De Stefano L, Rotiroti L, De Stefano M, et al. Marine diatoms as optical biosensors [J]. Biosens Bioelectron, 2009, 24: 1580-1584., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841046373658710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kerschgens IP, Gademann K. Antibiotic algae by chemical surface engineering [J]. Chembiochem, 2018, 19: 439-443., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048030408791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang FY, Zhuang J, Li ZX, et al. Nanoparticle-modified microrobots for in vivo antibiotic delivery to treat acute bacterial pneumonia [J]. Nat Mater, 2022, 21: 1324-1332., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048135266392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang FY, Li ZX, Yin L, et al. ACE2 receptor-modified algae-based microrobot for removal of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater [J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2021, 143: 12194-12201., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048210763865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiao Y, Yang F, Xie TT, et al. Engineered algae: A novel oxygen-generating system for effective treatment of hypoxic cancer [J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6: eaba5996., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048282067034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Copolovici DM, Langel K, Eriste E, et al. Cell-penetrating peptides: Design, synthesis, and applications [J]. ACS Nano, 2014, 8: 1972-1994., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048374341723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hyman JM, Geihe EI, Trantow BM, et al. A molecular method for the delivery of small molecules and proteins across the cell wall of algae using molecular transporters [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012, 109: 13225-13230., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048462422108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li ZH, Behrens AM, Ginat N, et al. Biofilm-inspired encapsulation of probiotics for the treatment of complex infections [J]. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: e1803925., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048533725277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee CM, Cradick TJ, Fine EJ. Expanding the genetic editing tool kit: ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9 [J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124: 4154-4161., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048684720222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lee CM, Cradick TJ, Fine EJ, et al. Nuclease target site selection for maximizing on-target activity and minimizing off-target effects in genome editing [J]. Mol Ther, 2016, 24: 475-487., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048756023391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Samanta MK, Dey A, Gayen S. CRISPR/Cas9: An advanced tool for editing plant genomes [J]. Transgenic Res, 2016, 25: 561-573., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048894435424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jester BW, Zhao H, Gewe M, et al. Development of Spirulina for the manufacture and oral delivery of protein therapeutics [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2022, 40: 956-964., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841048969932897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui HQ, Su YD, Wei W, et al. How microalgae is effective in oxygen deficiency aggravated diseases? A comprehensive review of literature [J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2022, 17: 3101-3122., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049041236066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Duan X, Xie C, Hill DRA, et al. Bioaccessibility, bioavailability and bioactivities of carotenoids in microalgae: A review [J]. Food Rev Int, 2024, 40: 230-259., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049133510755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ferdous UT, Balia Yusof ZN. Insight into potential anticancer activity of algal flavonoids: Current status and challenges [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26: 6844., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049213202532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mondal A, Bose S, Banerjee S, et al. Marine cyanobacteria and microalgae metabolites—a rich source of potential anticancer drugs [J]. Mar Drugs, 2020, 18: 476., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049292894309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Carlsen RW, Sitti M. Bio-hybrid cell-based actuators for microsystems [J]. Small, 2014, 10: 3831-3851., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049389363302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pu X, Wang X, Liu G. Research advances of living microorganisms and their derivatives-based strategies for the treatment of bacterial infection [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2024, 59: 1186-1195., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049452277863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Priyadarshini L, Aggarwal A. Astaxanthin inhibits cytokines production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing IκB kinase-dependent nuclear factor κB activation in pre and postpartum Murrah buffaloes during different seasons [J]. Vet World, 2018, 11: 782-788., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049540358248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Copat C, Favara C, Tomasello MF, et al. Astaxanthin in cancer therapy and prevention (review) [J]. Biomed Rep, 2025, 22: 66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049603272809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kowshik J, Nivetha R, Ranjani S, et al. Astaxanthin inhibits hallmarks of cancer by targeting the PI3K/NF-κΒ/STAT3 signalling axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma models [J]. IUBMB Life, 2019, 71: 1595-1610., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049670381674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=54, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang XQ, Fan TL, Li SL, et al. C-Phycocyanin elicited antitumor efficacy via cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and invasion inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [J]. J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2019, 39: 114-121., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049741684843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kaur P, Dhandayuthapani S, Venkatesan T, et al. Molecular mechanism of C-phycocyanin induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells [J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2020, 28: 115272., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049825570924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao GY, Gao B, Gao YN, et al. Phycocyanin inhibits tumorigenic potential of pancreatic cancer cells: Role of apoptosis and autophagy [J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 34564., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049896874093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chan GC, Chan WK, Sze DM. The effects of β-glucan on human immune and cancer cells [J]. J Hematol Oncol, 2009, 2: 25., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841049976565870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Z, Han F, Du Y, et al. Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8: 70., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050047869039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=59, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D, Kozani PS, et al. An overview on the role of microalgal metabolites and pigments in apoptosis induction against copious diseases [J]. Algal Res, 2021, 60: 102556., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050140143728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=60, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ferraz CAA, Grougnet R, Nicolau E, et al. Carotenoids from marine microalgae as antimelanoma agents [J]. Mar Drugs, 2022, 20: 618., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050207252593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=61, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jabeen A, Reeder B, Svistunenko D, et al. Effect of the photodynamic therapy applications with potent microalgae constituents on several types of tumor [J]. IRBM, 2019, 40: 51-61., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050274361458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li WL, Zhong DN, Hua SY, et al. Biomineralized biohybrid algae for tumor hypoxia modulation and cascade radio-photodynamic therapy [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12: 44541-44553., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050337276019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong DN, Li WL, Hua SY, et al. Calcium phosphate engineered photosynthetic microalgae to combat hypoxic-tumor by in-situ modulating hypoxia and cascade radio-phototherapy [J]. Theranostics, 2021, 11: 3580-3594., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050408579188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang HR, Guo YF, Wang C, et al. Light-controlled oxygen production and collection for sustainable photodynamic therapy in tumor hypoxia [J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 269: 120621., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050488270965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=65, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Akolpoglu MB, Dogan NO, Bozuyuk U, et al. High-yield production of biohybrid microalgae for on-demand cargo delivery [J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2020, 7: 2001256., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050551185526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=66, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Cai J, Sun LL, et al. Facile fabrication of magnetic microrobots based on spirulina templates for targeted delivery and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11: 4745-4756., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050626682999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=67, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Terzopoulou A, Palacios-Corella M, Franco C, et al. Biotemplating of metal-organic framework nanocrystals for applications in small-scale robotics [J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32: 2107421., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050689597560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=68, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi YD, Zhuang ZN, Zeng SM, et al. In situ self-aggregation of Spirulina skeleton fibers enhances the efficacy of anti-tumor thermal immunotherapy [J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, 34: 2312201., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050773483641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=69, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao C, Kwong CHT, Wang QF, et al. Conjugation of macrophage-mimetic microalgae and liposome for antitumor sonodynamic immunotherapy via hypoxia alleviation and autophagy inhibition [J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 4034-4049., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841050840592506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=70, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sasaki M, Takagi A, Sasaki D, et al. Characteristics and function of an extracellular polysaccharide from a green alga Parachlorella [J]. Carbohydr Polym, 2021, 254: 117252., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841052518314107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Delalat B, Sheppard VC, Rasi Ghaemi S, et al. Targeted drug delivery using genetically engineered diatom biosilica [J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 8791., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841052623171708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=72, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rea I, Martucci NM, De Stefano L, et al. Diatomite biosilica nanocarriers for siRNA transport inside cancer cells [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2014, 1840: 3393-3403., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308841052694474877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gutiérrez S, Lauersen KJ. Gene delivery technologies with applications in microalgal genetic engineering [J]. Biology (Basel), 2021, 10: 265., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841037368487936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037376876545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037368487936, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037381070850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037368487936, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2江苏护理职业学院中医药学院, 江苏 淮安 223001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841039050403843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841039079763972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841039050403843, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841039088152581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841039050403843, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3同济大学医学院皮肤病医院, 上海 200443)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308841041260802091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=b3KQfCh7o1dbzNeyVPwdMQ==, figureFileBig=e+V01aZcSf8YqiwOuqKdDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841041327910956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Representative strategies for the preparation of engineered microalgae. A: Electrostatic adsorption-based surface modification; B: Dehydration-rehydration-mediated drug loading strategy; C: Chemical conjugation-based engineering approach. Adapted from Ref. 13 with permission. Copyrights © 2023, The Royal Society of Chemistry; D: Biomembrane-coating technique for microalgae functionalization. Adapted from Ref. 37 with permission. Copyright © 2020, AAAS. AMF: Amifostine; RBCM-Algae: Red blood cell membrane-coated microalage, figureFileSmall=b3KQfCh7o1dbzNeyVPwdMQ==, figureFileBig=e+V01aZcSf8YqiwOuqKdDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841041537626157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=I/u8/jB7egvfMlQLW0lqXw==, figureFileBig=KhriDO+9bJeM+9HEVpnr9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841041625706542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Microalgae-based light-responsive strategies for tumor therapy. A: Red blood cell membrane-coated microalgae (RBCM-Algae) for synergistic photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy. Adapted from Ref. 37 with permission. Copyright © 2020, AAAS; B: Calcium phosphate-shielded Chlorella vulgaris (CV@CaP) enabling modulation of tumor hypoxia for dual-mode imaging-guided combination therapy. Adapted from Ref. 63 with permission. Copyright © 2021, Ivyspring International Publisher, figureFileSmall=I/u8/jB7egvfMlQLW0lqXw==, figureFileBig=KhriDO+9bJeM+9HEVpnr9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841041692815407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fqeEStvTf2OPMG5433FTHw==, figureFileBig=wOiQ1Z8+YNnpQCyU+SYrIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841041768312880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Engineered microalgae integrated with magnetic materials for tumor-targeted therapy. A: Microalgae conjugated with Dox via a photocleavable linker for light-triggered drug release to cancer cells. Adapted from Ref. 65 with permission. Copyright © 2020, Wiley-VCH; B: Magnetically responsive (Pd@Au)/Fe3O4-decorated SP for targeted drug delivery and combined chemo-photothermal therapy. Adapted from Ref. 66 with permission, Copyright © 2019, American Chemical Society; C: MOF-coated microalgae templated with glycerol-plasticized gelatin for controlled drug release. Adapted from Ref. 67 with permission. Copyright © 2021, Wiley-VCH. Dox: Doxorubicin; SP: Spirulina platensis; MOF: Metal-organic framework; MOFBOT: MOF-based microrobot, figureFileSmall=fqeEStvTf2OPMG5433FTHw==, figureFileBig=wOiQ1Z8+YNnpQCyU+SYrIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841041839616049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+7y0Y8J7YqfYt9YZY13+IQ==, figureFileBig=ZdDCiybMyMp+KOzXKwYLMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841041915113522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Engineered microalgae for tumor immunotherapy. A: SP skeleton fibers undergo in situ self-aggregation and entanglement to potentiate photothermal immunotherapeutic efficacy. Adapted from Ref. 68 with permission. Copyright © 2024, Wiley-VCH GmbH; B: Schematic representation of MChl-HP-CQ-NP construction and microalgae-assisted hitchhiking delivery for enhanced tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Adapted from Ref. 69 with permission, Copyright © 2023, American Chemical Society. E-SP: Ethanol-inactivated SP; MChl: Macrophage-mimetic Chlorella vulgaris; CD-MChl: β-Cyclodextrin modified MChl; HP: Hematoporphyrin; CQ: Chloroquine phosphate; ADA-NP: Adamantane-modified liposome, figureFileSmall=+7y0Y8J7YqfYt9YZY13+IQ==, figureFileBig=ZdDCiybMyMp+KOzXKwYLMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308841043622195251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microalgae typeClassificationMain componentPharmacological propertyDrug delivery advantage
Chlorella vulgarisEukaryotic green algaProteins, polysaccharides, chlorophyll, carotenoidsAntioxidant effect, immune regulation, anticancer effectBiocompatibility, oxygen generation, metabolic stability, engineered to carry drugs
Spirulina platensisProkaryotic cyanobacteriumPhycocyanin, γ-linolenic acid, vitamin B12Immune regulation, anti-inflammatory effect, hypolipidemic activitySpiral structure, surface modifiability, multimodel therapy
Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiModel eukaryotic green algaProteins, chlorophyll, mature genetic toolkitAntigen expression, immunotherapy supportSelf-propulsion, light-navigation, integrated therapy
DiatomsEukaryotic diatomSilica shells with ordered porous nanostructuresDrug loading, controlled releaseHigh surface area, modifiability, biodegradablity
), ArticleFig(id=1308841043710275636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Types of microalgae, their pharmacological properties, and advantages in drug delivery

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Microalgae typeClassificationMain componentPharmacological propertyDrug delivery advantage
Chlorella vulgarisEukaryotic green algaProteins, polysaccharides, chlorophyll, carotenoidsAntioxidant effect, immune regulation, anticancer effectBiocompatibility, oxygen generation, metabolic stability, engineered to carry drugs
Spirulina platensisProkaryotic cyanobacteriumPhycocyanin, γ-linolenic acid, vitamin B12Immune regulation, anti-inflammatory effect, hypolipidemic activitySpiral structure, surface modifiability, multimodel therapy
Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiModel eukaryotic green algaProteins, chlorophyll, mature genetic toolkitAntigen expression, immunotherapy supportSelf-propulsion, light-navigation, integrated therapy
DiatomsEukaryotic diatomSilica shells with ordered porous nanostructuresDrug loading, controlled releaseHigh surface area, modifiability, biodegradablity
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1788948913902, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Y, firstLetterEn=Y, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509553505227679, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国药学会、中国医学科学院药物研究所, publishedBy=《药学学报》编辑委员会编辑出版, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914171, updatedTime=1788948914171, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509553559753632, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914184, updatedTime=1788948914184, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=Y, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1778515200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
工程化微藻及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用
收藏切换
PDF下载
陶娟 1, 2 , 魏玉宁 1 , 赵梦宇 1 , 杨金龙 1, 3 , 戚建平 1, *
药学学报 | 综述 2026,61(5): 1598-1609
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 |综述 2026 , 61 (5) : 1598 -1609
工程化微藻及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用
全屏
[Author(id=1308841039176232967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039251730442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039176232967, language=EN, stringName=Juan TAO, firstName=Juan, middleName=null, lastName=TAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
2School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039327227915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039176232967, language=CN, stringName=陶娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
2江苏护理职业学院中医药学院, 江苏 淮安 223001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841037368487936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037376876545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037368487936, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037381070850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037368487936, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2江苏护理职业学院中医药学院, 江苏 淮安 223001)])]), Author(id=1308841039390142477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039503388687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039390142477, language=EN, stringName=Yu-ning WEI, firstName=Yu-ning, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039587274768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039390142477, language=CN, stringName=魏玉宁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1308841039658577938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039738269716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039658577938, language=EN, stringName=Meng-yu ZHAO, firstName=Meng-yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841039805378581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039658577938, language=CN, stringName=赵梦宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)])]), Author(id=1308841039910236183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040019288090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039910236183, language=EN, stringName=Jin-long YANG, firstName=Jin-long, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
3Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040086396955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841039910236183, language=CN, stringName=杨金龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
3同济大学医学院皮肤病医院, 上海 200443, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308841039050403843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841039079763972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841039050403843, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841039088152581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841039050403843, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3同济大学医学院皮肤病医院, 上海 200443)])]), Author(id=1308841040153505821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=qijianping@fudan.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040249974815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841040153505821, language=EN, stringName=Jian-ping QI, firstName=Jian-ping, middleName=null, lastName=QI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308841040321277984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, authorId=1308841040153505821, language=CN, stringName=戚建平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308841037292991486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037301380095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308841037305574400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308841035757876211, companyId=1308841037292991486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203)])])]
陶娟1, 2, 魏玉宁1, 赵梦宇1, 杨金龙1, 3, 戚建平1, *
作者信息
  • 1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
  • 2江苏护理职业学院中医药学院, 江苏 淮安 223001
  • 3同济大学医学院皮肤病医院, 上海 200443
通讯作者:
戚建平, Tel/Fax: 86-21-51980084, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

陶娟负责文献检索、文章撰写与修改; 魏玉宁、赵梦宇负责文章内容修改; 杨金龙、戚建平负责文章选题、指导和审校。

Engineered microalgae and their applications in tumor therapy
Juan TAO1, 2, Yu-ning WEI1, Meng-yu ZHAO1, Jin-long YANG1, 3, Jian-ping QI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 2School of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China
  • 3Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
出版时间: 2026-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815
文章导航
收藏切换

微藻作为一类光合微生物, 具有良好的生物相容性和代谢多样性, 能合成多种具有抗氧化、免疫调节及抗肿瘤作用的天然产物, 同时展现出良好的药物递送潜力。其自驱动运动、光合产氧、生物可降解等特性, 有助于增强药物在肿瘤组织中的富集与治疗效果。然而, 天然微藻在靶向性、负载能力等方面仍存在一定局限, 需通过工程化手段加以改造以满足复杂的肿瘤治疗需求。本文对代表性微藻的种类、结构特性及其应用进行了总结, 并系统讨论了工程化微藻的构建策略, 包括物理相互作用、化学修饰、生物膜包覆及基因工程改造等多种方式。重点探讨其在肿瘤治疗中的多模式应用进展, 如光响应、磁控和免疫联合治疗平台, 并对其未来发展方向与临床转化前景进行展望。

微藻  /  工程化微藻  /  肿瘤治疗  /  药物递送  /  肿瘤靶向

Microalgae, as a class of photosynthetic microorganisms, possess excellent biocompatibility and metabolic diversity. They are capable of synthesizing various natural products with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities, while also demonstrating great potential as drug delivery vehicles. Their inherent properties — such as self-propelled motility, photosynthetic oxygen generation, and biodegradability — facilitate enhanced accumulation of therapeutics within tumor tissues and improve treatment efficacy. However, natural microalgae still face limitations in targeting ability and drug loading capacity, necessitating engineering strategies to meet the complex demands of cancer therapy. This review summarizes representative microalgal species, their structural features, and biomedical applications. It further provides a systematic overview of current engineering approaches, including physical interactions, chemical modifications, biomembrane coatings, and genetic engineering. Particular attention is given to their emerging roles in multimodal tumor therapies, such as photoresponsive, magnetically guided, and immuno-combined treatment platforms. Finally, future development directions and prospects for clinical translation are discussed.

microalgae  /  engineered microalgae  /  tumor therapy  /  drug delivery  /  tumor targeting
陶娟, 魏玉宁, 赵梦宇, 杨金龙, 戚建平. 工程化微藻及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (5) : 1598 -1609 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815
Juan TAO, Yu-ning WEI, Meng-yu ZHAO, Jin-long YANG, Jian-ping QI. Engineered microalgae and their applications in tumor therapy[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (5) : 1598 -1609 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815
癌症仍是当代医学面临的严峻挑战之一, 其高发病率与高致死率严重威胁人类健康[1, 2]。尽管手术、放化疗、免疫治疗等策略不断发展, 但肿瘤的异质性、微环境复杂性及耐药性等因素, 仍极大限制了当前治疗手段的疗效与广泛适用性[3]。肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME) 作为肿瘤发生发展的核心调控因子, 因其在免疫逃逸、氧化应激、代谢异常等方面的关键作用, 已成为抗肿瘤治疗的重要靶点[4]。因此, 开发能够重塑肿瘤微环境、改善免疫应答并提升治疗敏感性的新型治疗策略, 已成为当前抗肿瘤研究的重要方向。近年来, 天然微生物资源因其来源广泛、功能多样及生物安全性高而受到广泛关注。
其中, 微藻作为一类结构简单、代谢活跃的光合微生物, 因具备良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性及光响应特性, 展现出成为新型抗肿瘤治疗平台的独特优势[5-7]。研究表明, 微藻富含藻蓝蛋白、虾青素、多糖类、多不饱和脂肪酸等多种具有抗氧化、免疫调节及抗肿瘤作用的天然活性产物, 能够有效干预肿瘤相关炎症反应、免疫抑制与氧化损伤[8-11]。此外, 部分微藻具备光合产氧功能, 有望缓解TME中普遍存在的缺氧状态, 增强肿瘤对光动力或免疫治疗的应答[11, 12]。更为重要的是, 微藻天然具备的空腔结构、表面修饰能力及自主运动特性, 使其成为理想的天然药物递送载体[13]。通过工程化改造, 如物理吸附、化学偶联、生物膜包覆及基因编辑等, 可赋予微藻精准靶向、刺激响应、可控释放等功能, 在提升生物利用度、增强治疗效果及减少毒副反应方面展现出广阔前景[14]。
微藻是一类光合微生物, 广泛分布于淡水、海洋及极端环境中, 具有卓越的光合作用效率和代谢多样性。根据细胞结构的不同, 微藻可分为原核微藻(如蓝藻) 和真核微藻, 后者包括绿藻、金藻、红藻及褐藻等[15]。近年来, 在生物医药与药物递送领域应用较为广泛的微藻种类主要包括小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris, CV)、螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis, SP)、莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, C. reinhardtii) 及硅藻(diatoms) 等, 它们在药理活性及递送应用等方面各具优势(表1)[11]。
CV属于单细胞绿藻, 细胞结构完整、生长稳定, 富含蛋白质、多糖、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等活性成分, 具有良好的生物相容性和代谢安全性。其提取物在抗氧化、免疫调节及抗肿瘤方面展现出显著活性, 广泛用于营养补充与药理研究[15]。此外, CV具备细胞壁结构稳定性和自发荧光特性, 可作为天然载体用于药物的递送, 适用于递送系统的工程化构建[16]。SP为典型的原核蓝藻, 呈螺旋状结构, 富含藻蓝蛋白、γ-亚麻酸、维生素B₁₂和多种微量元素, 具备免疫调节、抗炎和降脂等多种药理活性, 常作为天然免疫佐剂和营养补充剂应用[17]。其螺旋结构及优良的表面修饰潜力使其可构建光响应或磁控导向的药物递送系统, 适合负载抗肿瘤药物与免疫调节因子, 具有良好的多模态治疗潜力[14, 18]。C. reinhardtii是一种模式真核绿藻, 拥有成熟的核基因、叶绿体和线粒体转化体系, 适用于多种基因工程操作, 易被用于表达肿瘤抗原、治疗性蛋白和融合抗体等功能性分子, 在肿瘤疫苗和免疫治疗研究中具有重要应用潜力[19]。同时, 其具备自驱动运动、向光性导航及光合产氧能力, 可实现“导航-递送-治疗”一体化设计, 适用于实体瘤的精准干预治疗[7, 20]。硅藻的细胞壁由纳米级二氧化硅构成, 具有高度有序的多孔结构, 兼具良好的机械稳定性、生物可降解性与表面修饰能力, 是天然理想的纳米递送平台。其壳体已广泛应用于小分子药物、核酸类药物及成像探针的负载与控释研究[21]。
微藻的代谢能力极其活跃, 可合成多种具有重要药理作用的次级代谢产物, 包括蛋白质、多糖、脂类、类胡萝卜素、多酚及生物碱等[8, 22, 23]。其中虾青素、藻蓝蛋白、不饱和脂肪酸等成分表现出强效的抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤和免疫调节功能, 在抗癌药物的辅助开发和组合疗法中具有重要应用价值[24]。近年来, 微藻在肿瘤治疗领域的应用日益广泛。一方面, 其代谢活性成分可通过诱导细胞凋亡、干扰肿瘤细胞周期、调控氧化应激反应或调节TME等机制发挥抗肿瘤作用; 另一方面, 某些微藻本身具备天然递药能力, 以硅藻为代表, 其壳体结构可作为口服或注射递药载体, 结合表面功能修饰可实现肿瘤组织的靶向递送与刺激响应释放, 提升肿瘤治疗的精准性与效率[11, 13]。
尽管天然微藻具备良好的生物相容性、可降解性及多种生物学功能, 其在体内环境中仍存在显著局限[14]。首先, 微藻的物理与化学稳定性不足, 在胃肠道酸性条件、血液循环剪切力或氧化环境中易发生结构破坏或活性丧失, 从而影响体内分布与药物递送效率; 其次, 其载药能力和药物释放控制有限, 天然细胞壁或空腔结构虽然可承载一定药物, 但缺乏可控释放机制, 药物可能提前泄漏或释放不均, 降低治疗效果。此外, 天然微藻与组织微环境的协同性差, 缺乏主动靶向能力和对肿瘤微环境特征(如酸性、低氧或酶类) 的响应性, 难以实现智能递药; 在循环系统中, 还可能被吞噬细胞捕获或触发免疫清除, 进一步影响体内稳定性与疗效。为突破上述瓶颈, 近年来研究者积极探索工程化微藻的构建策略, 旨在通过多种技术手段增强其生物功能、递送性能与治疗选择性, 以实现其在复杂病理环境中的主动靶向、递药效率与智能响应特性。
工程化微藻是指通过物理、化学或生物学手段对微藻本体或其表面进行功能化改造, 以赋予其新的生物学特性或增强原有功能, 从而更有效地满足药物递送、肿瘤治疗及免疫调节等多样化的生物医学应用需求[25]。目前, 构建工程化微藻的策略主要包括物理相互作用、化学修饰、生物膜包覆及基因工程等方法。
基于微藻细胞表面的物理特性, 通过非共价相互作用进行功能化修饰, 是实现微藻工程化的常用策略之一。该方法操作简便, 可在保持微藻生物活性的同时赋予其新的功能特性, 被广泛应用于药物负载、靶向递送等领域。
静电吸附是当前应用广泛的物理相互作用之一, 其依赖于带电粒子间的库伦作用力[26]。由于微藻细胞表面通常带有负电荷, 可通过与带正电荷的功能性材料发生静电吸附, 实现表面功能化改造[13] (图1A)。例如Zhong等[18]利用SP表面的负电性与正电荷的多柔比星(doxorubicin, DOX) 分子之间的静电相互作用, 实现了药物的有效负载, 同时保持了SP的天然螺旋形态。阳离子聚合物亦可通过静电吸附修饰微藻表面, 构建微藻-纳米粒复合系统。Zhang等[27]将正电荷的虾青素壳聚糖纳米粒通过静电吸附结合至SP表面, 构建了微藻口服递送系统, 显著提升了虾青素的溶解度及其在体内的生物利用度。
此外, Yasa等[28]采用层层自组装技术, 构建了一种以C. reinhardtii为核心, 负载聚苯乙烯(polystyrene, PS) 微球的药物递送系统。该系统通过在PS微球表面交替沉积带正电的聚丙烯胺盐酸盐和带负电的磺化聚苯乙烯钠, 形成表面电荷可控的多层聚电解质膜, 其最外层呈正电性, 从而能够与表面带负电的C. reinhardtii实现稳定的静电吸附。
尽管静电吸附技术操作简便、无需复杂修饰, 是构建微藻与功能性材料复合体系的有效手段, 但部分高电荷密度材料可能对微藻细胞结构造成干扰, 进而影响其活性与功能[29]。因此, 未来研究应在提升结构稳定性与维持细胞活性之间寻求最佳平衡, 以实现更安全高效的工程化微藻构建策略。
脱水-再水化是一种基于微藻结构可逆性的工程化策略, 常用于构建高载药量的微藻递送系统。该策略首先对SP进行冷冻干燥处理, 使其脱水形成干态微藻; 随后在再水化过程中引入药物, 使药物分子通过液体渗透作用进入微藻的水相通道或连接孔, 从而提高载药效率(图1B)。该过程中SP的螺旋形态基本保持不变, 且其原有的叶绿素荧光特性亦得以保留[13]。Zhang等[30]利用该策略将氨磷汀(amifostine, AMF) 装载入SP。结果显示经冷冻干燥处理的SP在再水化载药过程中较新鲜SP显著提高AMF的负载效率, 且体系显示良好的体内肠道滞留与口服递送潜力。这说明该策略对提高载药量具有实用价值。更为重要的是, 该方法具备可扩展性, 适合规模化生产, 为后续实现工业化应用提供了技术基础。
与物理吸附相比, 化学修饰可通过形成稳定的共价键或配位键, 实现微藻与功能材料之间更牢固的结合, 从而提升其稳定性与功能可控性。微藻细胞表面富含多糖、脂多糖、蛋白质与肽聚糖等多种生物大分子, 结构中广泛分布有氨基(-NH₂)、羟基(-OH)、巯基(-SH)、羧基(-COOH) 及硅氧基(-Si-O-) 等多种活性官能团。这些官能团为化学修饰提供了丰富的锚定位点, 便于与功能材料发生稳定的化学反应, 从而有效改善微藻的理化性质与生物功能[31, 32]。
其中, 硅藻作为一类独特的单细胞光合微藻, 其表面由水合无定形二氧化硅构成, 具备良好的结构调控性与表面修饰潜力。这类三维有序的壳层不仅为药物负载提供了大量空间位点, 也为进一步表面功能化改造提供了理想平台[21]。De Stefano等[33]利用有机硅烷与硅藻表面的硅氧基团反应进行化学改性, 改性后的硅藻再与生物分子探针共价偶联, 构建出具有特异性识别能力的功能化微藻界面。
近年来, 点击化学, 特别是生物正交反应, 因其高选择性与高效率, 已广泛应用于微藻表面的化学修饰领域。此类反应具有反应条件温和、细胞内兼容性强及特异性高等优点, 广泛用于活体细胞或组织中的特异性标记、生物成像及功能调控等研究领域[34]。Zhang等[35]利用叠氮基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(azido-N-hydroxysuccinimide, azido-NHS) 修饰微藻表面, 然后通过点击化学与二苯并环辛烷(dibenzocyclooctyne, DBCO) 修饰的嗜中性粒细胞膜包被的聚合物纳米粒偶联, 构建了混合型微型机器人系统(图1C)。该系统在模拟肺液环境中表现出良好的运动能力(速度 > 110 μm·s-1), 并可高效输送环丙沙星至深部肺组织, 实现定向治疗。值得一提的是, 点击化学适用于多种粒径从亚纳米级至百纳米级的负载物(抗生素、蛋白质及纳米聚合物等), 在不影响微藻本身运动性与趋光性的前提下, 实现了功能模块的高效锚定[36]。
点击化学具有反应速率快、位置选择性强、产物结构明确及反应条件温和等优势, 尤其适用于实现微藻表面的分子级精细调控。该方法不仅可用于调控表面亲疏水性、电荷分布与力学性质, 还可引入特定识别单元或生物活性基团, 进而构建具有多层次功能的结构体系[25]。合理设计的点击化学修饰可在不显著损害微藻本身运动性或趋光性的前提下完成功能模块化(将药物、细胞膜或靶向配体锚定), 从而兼顾稳定性与生物功能。然而, 其在实际应用中也存在一定局限性, 例如对底物官能团特异性要求较高、局部锚定可能导致修饰不均匀或覆盖不足等问题。
化学共价修饰为外源功能载体在藻类表面的锚定提供了有效策略, 然而其主要局限在于需通过化学处理在细胞表面引入反应性官能团, 处理过程可能影响细胞活性。为克服该限制, Qiao等[37]提出了一种温和且简便的生物膜包覆方法, 可在无需对藻类表面进行预处理的前提下, 仅通过温和的搅拌实现红细胞膜(red blood cell membrane, RBCM) 对活体CV的直接包覆(图1D)。该RBCM包覆层不仅赋予微藻仿生外壳特征, 还显著提升其免疫逃逸能力, 有效规避巨噬细胞介导的吞噬与清除, 为构建具有长期在体循环潜力的微藻载体提供了新思路。
除外部表面修饰外, 细胞穿透技术亦被广泛应用于增强治疗分子的胞内递送效率。细胞穿透肽是一类短链肽段, 具备跨膜运输能力, 已被广泛应用于将难以穿透细胞膜的负载物(如小分子、肽类、蛋白质、核酸及纳米颗粒) 递送入细胞内[38]。然而, 在藻类工程中, 由于其特有的细胞壁结构构成一道天然屏障, 传统穿透技术在递送效率和细胞定位方面仍面临较大挑战。为解决藻类细胞壁对分子运输的限制, Hyman等[39]采用富胍分子转运蛋白作为辅助工具, 将荧光光学探针成功导入C. reinhardtii细胞内。该策略不仅适用于具有完整细胞壁结构的野生型菌株, 也适用于细胞壁缺失突变体, 验证了该类转运体在藻类分子操控方面的广泛适用性。
生物膜包覆技术为微藻在复杂生理环境中实现功能增强和生物安全性提升提供了重要手段。通过包覆天然来源或人工合成的仿生膜结构, 可有效调控微藻表面特性与界面相互作用, 稳定其局部生成环境, 并赋予其环境适应及靶向识别等多重功能[40]。尽管上述策略在提升微藻适应性与负载能力方面表现出优势, 构建兼具生物稳定性、功能可调性和可规模化生产潜力的生物膜封装体系仍面临挑战。目前, 生物膜包覆对微藻运动性、光合活性及增殖等生物行为的影响评估尚不充分, 后续研究需系统解析其对微藻生理状态的干扰机制, 以实现工程化微藻的高效与安全应用。
与对细菌等微生物的遗传改造策略类似, 微藻亦可通过基因工程手段实现精准改造, 构建具有特定生物合成功能的工程化微藻系统, 用于高效合成与递送目标代谢产物。微生物基因编辑依赖于高度精确且靶向性强的基因组干预技术, 能够特异性调控细胞内DNA序列, 从而调节功能蛋白或小分子的表达[41-43]。
在最新的研究中, Jester等[44]利用基因编辑技术, 将编码抗弯曲杆菌抗原结合结构域的外源基因靶向整合至SP染色体中, 成功构建了可持续表达该生物活性蛋白的工程化微藻。该工程化SP经口服递送, 在小鼠模型中显著降低了弯曲杆菌感染率, 验证了其在黏膜表面疾病防治中的应用潜力。这项研究不仅为生物活性物质的低成本生产与稳定表达提供了新策略, 也展示了基因工程藻类作为口服递送平台的可行性与实用价值。
近年来, 基因编辑微藻技术的迅速发展为生命科学、合成生物学与生物医学等领域提供了全新工具与研究思路。通过对微藻基因组的精准操控, 可实现藻类的定向重编程, 进而构建具备特定生物功能的新型生物系统, 推动疾病治疗、疫苗递送、环境修复等多个领域的创新发展。
如前所述, 微藻作为光合自养型微生物, 具备强大的次级代谢能力, 可合成多种具有显著抗肿瘤潜力的活性成分, 包括类胡萝卜素、虾青素、藻蓝蛋白、多酚类、多糖及多不饱和脂肪酸等。这些天然产物通过抗氧化、抗炎、诱导凋亡及调控细胞周期等机制发挥多靶点抗癌效应。除了自身的生物活性外, 微藻还因其独特的生物功能, 包括自发荧光、自主推进能力(速度可达100 μm·s-1)、向光性导航及天然的结构多样性, 使其在构建生物驱动的药物递送载体方面独具优势[45-50]。
微藻含有丰富的天然活性产物, 如类胡萝卜素、色素蛋白、多糖等, 这些成分在抗氧化、免疫调节及直接抑制肿瘤生长等方面展现出多重生物学功能。通过干预TME的免疫抑制、氧化应激及细胞增殖信号通路, 微藻活性产物不仅可直接抑制肿瘤细胞增殖与转移, 还可增强机体免疫应答, 为肿瘤治疗提供天然且低毒的辅助策略。
虾青素是来源于红藻或绿藻的高效抗氧化类胡萝卜素, 能通过抑制转录因子κB (nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB) 和信号转导及转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 等信号通路, 下调B细胞淋巴瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2)、细胞周期蛋白D1 (cyclin D1) 等基因表达, 同时上调Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2-associated X protein, Bax) 和半胱天冬酶-3 (Caspase-3) 等促凋亡分子, 诱导细胞程序性死亡, 在多种实体瘤模型中均表现出良好活性且低毒性[51, 52]。在外生性口腔鳞状细胞癌仓鼠模型中, 虾青素补充可显著抑制肿瘤生长, 抑瘤率达39.47%[53]。藻蓝蛋白是蓝藻特有的水溶性色素蛋白, 亦显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性。其可通过激活线粒体通路诱导半胱天冬酶-9/3 (Caspase-9/3) 级联反应, 促进凋亡; 还可通过阻滞细胞周期蛋白表达抑制肿瘤细胞持续增殖[54, 55]。在小鼠胰腺癌移植瘤模型中, 50 mg·kg-1剂量的藻蓝蛋白可实现(64.25 ± 7.82)%的抑瘤率, 与顺铂[10 mg·kg-1, (69.96 ± 10.39)%] 相当, 显示出显著抗肿瘤潜力[56]。
此外, 微藻活性产物亦具有免疫调节功能, 具备作为天然低毒免疫佐剂的潜力。以SP为代表的蓝藻中β-葡聚糖可通过与树突状细胞受体-1、补体受体3 (complement receptor 3, CR3) 及Toll样受体2/6 (Toll-like receptor 2/6, TLR-2/6) 等相互作用, 激活树突状细胞、巨噬细胞与自然杀伤细胞, 提升抗原递呈能力与免疫识别水平, 有利于肿瘤抑制[57]。与传统佐剂相比, 微藻成分具有低毒性、生物相容性强、来源稳定等优势, 适合与肿瘤疫苗、免疫检查点抑制剂等策略联合应用, 为肿瘤免疫治疗提供安全高效的天然辅助模块。
微藻自身的治疗潜能为其作为药物递送载体奠定了坚实基础。经工程化改造后, 微藻不仅可增强产氧和靶向能力, 还可高效负载并递送多种抗肿瘤药物, 协同释放其内源性活性分子, 实现“治疗+递送”一体化的精准治疗平台构建。不同种类的微藻通过工程化改造, 可适配多种递送需求, 实现对特定肿瘤靶区的精准治疗。
实体瘤组织的快速扩张常导致血管分布紊乱, 形成广泛的低氧微环境。这种缺氧状态不仅促进肿瘤细胞增殖与转移, 还显著降低包括光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy, PDT) 及光热治疗(photothermal therapy, PTT) 在内的治疗效果[58]。部分微藻具备天然的光合作用能力, 可在特定波长光照下产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 或局部热量, 为PDT和PTT提供天然反应介质。通过修饰或负载光敏剂, 微藻可在光刺激下于肿瘤局部触发药物释放或产生活性物质, 实现高精度治疗响应, 兼具非侵入性与空间靶向性, 已成为肿瘤治疗中的研究热点[59-62]。
近年来, 多项研究致力于开发可用于光控治疗的工程化微藻平台。Qiao等[37]构建了一种基于藻类(algae) 的原位产氧系统(图2A)。该系统通过RBCM包裹藻类, 形成RBCM-Algae复合体, 不仅降低了藻类在体内被巨噬细胞吞噬与清除的风险, 还增强了其在肿瘤组织中的富集能力。在红光照射下, RBCM-Algae可释放氧气, 改善局部氧合环境; 同时, 藻类内源性叶绿素在激光照射下产生大量ROS, 有效诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡, 显著提升了PDT效果。Zhong等[63]进一步开发了磷酸钙(calcuim phosphate, CaP) 包覆的CV系统(CV@CaP) (图2B)。CaP包覆不仅提高了微藻在胃肠道等复杂环境中的存活能力, 还促进其穿越生物屏障并靶向肿瘤组织。CV@CaP保留了光合能力, 能够在肿瘤局部释放氧气, 并激活叶绿素产生ROS, 从而实现光响应的肿瘤选择性治疗。此外, Wang等[64]提出一种新型的光控可持续光动力治疗策略。该系统通过光照激发CV产氧, 同时引入全氟碳纳米粒(perfluorocarbon nanoparticles, PFC-NPs) 富集并持续释放氧气, 从而延长氧供时间, 显著增强PDT的持续性与治疗效果。
值得注意的是, 部分微藻色素本身也具有良好的光敏性能, 具备直接参与光治疗的能力。Jabeen等[61]研究表明, 微藻提取物中的虾青素、藻红蛋白、β-胡萝卜素及四吡咯类化合物均可作为天然光敏剂应用于PDT, 拓展了微藻在肿瘤光治疗中的功能多样性。
综上所述, 基于微藻的光控肿瘤治疗平台兼具靶向性、智能响应性与低侵袭性。通过外源光刺激, 可在肿瘤局部诱导氧气释放和ROS产生, 实现精准的细胞杀伤, 体现出良好的生物学与光学协同特性。
微藻在复杂生理环境中运动能力有限, 尤其在深部组织, 其天然驱动模式难以满足精准递送要求。为克服这一限制, 研究者尝试通过引入磁性纳米材料对微藻进行工程化改造, 使其在外部磁场调控下实现方向性运动, 从而增强其穿越生物屏障与靶向递送能力。磁性材料工程化微藻系统集成了天然微藻的良好生物相容性与磁控导航的高效率, 在深部肿瘤等治疗挑战中展现出广阔应用前景。
Sitti团队[65]设计了一种磁控光响应微藻递送系统, 将抗肿瘤药DOX封装于壳聚糖包覆的氧化铁纳米粒中, 并通过光敏连接键固定于C. reinhardtii表面(图3A)。该系统在外部磁场引导下实现定向运动, 在肿瘤区域受光照激活后释放DOX, 有效抑制SK-BR-3乳腺癌细胞活性。Wang等[66]进一步开发了生物杂化微型机器人系统(Pd@Au)/Fe3O4@SP-DOX, 通过将磁性Fe3O4纳米粒修饰至SP表面, 实现微藻的精准磁场操控(图3B)。该系统成功将DOX递送至769-P肾癌细胞和EC-109食管癌细胞, 实现了显著的细胞活性抑制, 验证了磁控递送系统在多种实体瘤治疗中的适用性。此外, 为进一步提升药物负载效率与系统功能集成性, Terzopoulou等[67]引入金属有机框架材料(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs) 构建了一种多功能磁控递药平台。该系统以SP为模板, 在其表面依次组装磁性螺旋底盘、甘油增塑明胶涂层(作为热响应组件) 及多种不同类型的MOF纳米晶体, 最终构建出磁性驱动的MOF微型螺旋机器人(MOF-based microrobot, MOFBOT, 图3C)。其中, DOX被负载于MOF结构中, 可实现受控释放。该载药MOFBOT在MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞中表现出优异的抗肿瘤活性, 拓展了磁控微藻系统在精准药物递送领域的应用潜力。
综上所述, 磁性材料工程化微藻通过引入外源可控元素, 显著增强了其在复杂体内环境中的操控性与治疗精准度, 为实体瘤尤其是深部肿瘤的靶向治疗提供了新思路。该策略充分发挥了微藻的天然生物学优势与磁性材料的物理操控性能, 展现出高度整合与多功能化的发展趋势。未来研究可进一步优化磁性粒子的结构与功能界面, 提升其生物降解性与生物安全性, 为微藻类递送系统在临床转化中提供坚实支撑。
近年来, 基于微藻的肿瘤免疫治疗逐渐成为研究热点。微藻本身具有良好的生物相容性和一定的免疫原性, 结合其工程可塑性, 为构建新型肿瘤免疫治疗平台提供了新思路。
Qi等[68]构建了一种基于SP的原位疫苗支架, 用于肿瘤免疫治疗。该系统以乙醇灭活的SP (ethanol-inactivated SP, E-SP) 为载体, 在其表面负载金纳米颗粒(Au nanoparticles, AuNPs), 形成Au@E-SP复合物(图4A), 具备肿瘤局部自组装能力。在光照刺激下, Au@E-SP可介导高效的光热治疗, 同时诱导释放肿瘤相关抗原, 激活免疫系统, 从而协同增强光热与免疫治疗效果。此外, Gao等[69]开发了一种巨噬细胞膜仿生小球藻系统(macrophage-mimetic Chlorella vulgaris, MChl), 通过巨噬细胞膜修饰小球藻表面, 实现对炎症部位的靶向递送。在此基础上, 研究者将负载声敏剂血卟啉(hematoporphyrin, HP) 和自噬抑制剂磷酸氯喹(chloroquine phosphate, CQ) 的脂质体锚定于其表面, 构建出多功能超分子复合系统MChl-HP-CQ-NP (图4B)。该系统集成多重治疗机制: ①巨噬细胞膜赋予其肿瘤炎症微环境的归巢能力; ②小球藻的光合活性有助于缓解肿瘤缺氧; ③声敏剂HP在超声激发下诱导声动力疗法(sonodynamic therapy, SDT); ④ CQ通过阻断自噬通路增强SDT效应。该平台协同实现免疫原性细胞死亡、缺氧缓解与自噬抑制, 从而激发系统性抗肿瘤免疫反应, 显著增强治疗效果。
值得关注的是, 微藻自身富含多种具有免疫调节潜力的天然成分, 如胞外多糖、硫酸化多糖及虾青素等, 已被证实具有刺激免疫细胞活性、调节细胞因子表达等多重功能[70]。尽管当前关于微藻介导的肿瘤免疫治疗研究尚处于起步阶段, 其本身的免疫效应亦相对有限, 但其高度工程可塑性为未来发展提供了广阔空间。
随着合成生物学与基因工程技术的快速发展, 微藻作为可编程生物底盘平台在精准医疗中的应用潜力日益受到关注。通过引入外源基因或调控内源基因表达, 可赋予微藻产生靶向抗体蛋白、细胞因子或代谢酶等生物识别与治疗因子的能力, 进而实现肿瘤治疗功能的精准定制。Delalat等[71]利用基因工程改造硅藻, 实现其生物二氧化硅壳表面表达蛋白G的免疫球蛋白G (immunoglobulin G, IgG) 结合结构域, 从而使其能够特异性结合细胞靶向抗体, 构建了一种可靶向识别肿瘤细胞的微藻递送系统。在该系统中, 通过与肿瘤细胞相关抗体偶联, 使微藻具备主动识别靶细胞的能力, 并实现疏水性化疗药物的高效负载与精准释放。该基因工程微藻系统在体内外模型中均显示出优异的靶向性、生物相容性及治疗效果, 为微藻载体设计提供了有前景的新策略。
此外, 基因工程手段还可用于构建智能递药系统, 使微藻在靶向定位后实现药物的可控释放, 增强治疗的特异性与安全性。将DNA、RNA或siRNA封装在微藻内部, 不仅能够保护核酸免于降解, 还可确保其精准递送至TME中的目标细胞。Rea等[72]证实, 硅藻土纳米颗粒可将siRNA转运至人表皮癌细胞内, 并成功实现靶基因沉默。这表明基于微藻的核酸递送系统在肿瘤基因治疗中具有广阔应用前景, 有望改善由特定基因突变驱动的癌症治疗效果。微藻作为基因递送载体的工程技术仍处于早期发展阶段。随着转化方法的不断发展, 有望提升核酸导入微藻的效率, 从而进一步增强其在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用价值[73]。
工程化微藻作为一种新兴的“绿色”药物递送平台, 融合了天然活性、结构多样性与工程可塑性, 兼具治疗、递送与响应三重功能, 在肿瘤治疗中展现出显著优势。一方面, 微藻本身富含多种具有抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节活性的天然成分, 如藻蓝蛋白、虾青素及硫酸化多糖, 可直接参与肿瘤微环境调控与免疫应答激活; 另一方面, 经工程化改造后的微藻可赋予其靶向定位、外部刺激响应、可控释放等特性, 实现在复杂肿瘤环境中的精准治疗。此外, 部分微藻具备光合产氧能力, 有助于缓解肿瘤组织内的缺氧状态, 增强PDT和免疫治疗的疗效; 其自发荧光、向光性及磁响应能力也为成像引导和多模态治疗提供了技术支持。在具体应用中, 工程化微藻可通过磁控引导、表面修饰或基因工程手段实现抗肿瘤药物的高效负载与靶向释放, 同时协同自身活性成分的作用, 构建“导航-递送-治疗”一体化多功能治疗平台, 已在多个动物模型中展现出良好的应用前景。
尽管如此, 工程化微藻的临床转化仍面临诸多挑战。首先, 当前多数研究仍停留在小动物水平, 缺乏系统的体内药代动力学、安全性及免疫原性评估, 难以满足临床应用的基本要求; 其次, 微藻在体内复杂环境中的运动行为、稳定性及潜在的免疫干扰效应尚未充分明确, 亟需通过材料包覆、生物屏蔽或免疫调控等策略优化其生物行为; 再次, 工程化修饰手段(如生物膜包覆、基因编辑、功能分子耦联等) 仍面临负载效率低、批间稳定性差等技术瓶颈, 影响其功能一致性与规模化生产; 此外, 如何实现工程化微藻的标准化制备与产业化落地, 包括培养条件控制、活性保留及质量可控, 亦是亟待突破的关键问题。
综上, 工程化微藻凭借其天然生物活性、多维功能整合及优异的可调控性, 为肿瘤精准治疗提供了新的解决思路, 代表了药物递送系统与天然生物资源融合创新的重要方向。未来应加强对其体内行为机制、工程策略优化及大规模制备技术的研究, 推动其从实验室走向临床应用, 构建可控、高效且安全的微藻治疗平台。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Martínez-Reyes I, Chandel NS. Cancer metabolism: Looking forward [J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2021, 21: 669-680.
2
Chen N, Han LF, Hu HL, et al. Research progress of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles in tumor therapy [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2025, 60: 2132-2141.
3
Kaur R, Bhardwaj A, Gupta S. Cancer treatment therapies: Traditional to modern approaches to combat cancers [J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2023, 50: 9663-9676.
4
Czajka-Francuz P, Prendes MJ, Mankan A, et al. Mechanisms of immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment and implications for targeted therapy [J]. Front Oncol, 2023, 13: 1200646.
5
Roy R, Singh SK. The microbiome modulates the immune system to influence cancer therapy [J]. Cancers (Basel), 2024, 16: 779.
6
Jiji MG, Ninan MA, Thomas VP, et al. Edible microalgae: potential candidate for developing edible vaccines [J]. Vegetos, 2023, 37: 1-6.
7
Wang RX, Zhou M. Research progress of active microalgae drug delivery systems [J]. Prog Pharm Sci (药学进展), 2024, 48: 403-411.
8
Depra MC, Dias RR, Maroneze MM, et al. Bioactive polysaccharides from microalgae: A close look at the biomedical applications [J]. Recent Pat Biotechnol, 2023, 17: 296-311.
9
Suh SS, Hong JM, Kim EJ, et al. Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis [J]. Int J Med Sci, 2019, 16: 189-197.
10
Bjørklund G, Gasmi A, Lenchyk L, et al. The role of astaxanthin as a nutraceutical in health and age-related conditions [J]. Molecules, 2022, 27: 7167.
11
Wang RX, Wang ZY, Zhang M, et al. Application of photosensitive microalgae in targeted tumor therapy [J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2025, 219: 115519.
12
Aires-Fernandes M, Botelho Costa R, Rochetti do Amaral S, et al. Development of biotechnological photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: Cancer research and treatment—from benchtop to clinical practice [J]. Molecules, 2022, 27: 6848.
13
Zhou M, Yin YN, Zhao JH, et al. Applications of microalga-powered microrobots in targeted drug delivery [J]. Biomater Sci, 2023, 11: 7512-7530.
14
Zhang FY, Li ZX, Chen CR, et al. Biohybrid microalgae robots: Design, fabrication, materials, and applications [J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: e2303714.
15
Khavari F, Saidijam M, Taheri M, et al. Microalgae: Therapeutic potentials and applications [J]. Mol Biol Rep, 2021, 48: 4757-4765.
16
Ren CJ, Zhong DN, Qi YC, et al. Bioinspired pH-responsive microalgal hydrogels for oral insulin delivery with both hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects [J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 14161-14175.
17
Attia YA, Hassan RA, Addeo NF, et al. Effects of Spirulina platensis and/or Allium sativum on antioxidant status, immune response, gut morphology, and intestinal lactobacilli and coliforms of heat-stressed broiler chicken [J]. Vet Sci, 2023, 10: 678.
18
Zhong DN, Zhang DX, Xie TT, et al. Biodegradable microalgae-based carriers for targeted delivery and imaging-guided therapy toward lung metastasis of breast cancer [J]. Small, 2020, 16: e2000819.
19
Torres-Tiji Y, Fields FJ, Mayfield SP. Microalgae as a future food source [J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2020, 41: 107536.
20
Zhang FY, Li ZX, Duan YO, et al. Gastrointestinal tract drug delivery using algae motors embedded in a degradable capsule [J]. Sci Robot, 2022, 7: eabo4160.
21
Delasoie J, Schiel P, Vojnovic S, et al. Photoactivatable surface-functionalized diatom microalgae for colorectal cancer targeted delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity of anticancer complexes [J]. Pharmaceutics, 2020, 12: 480.
22
Zhou JJ, Wang M, Bäuerl C, et al. The impact of liquid-pressurized extracts of Spirulina, Chlorella and Phaedactylum tricornutum on in vitro antioxidant, antiinflammatory and bacterial growth effects and gut microbiota modulation [J]. Food Chem, 2023, 401: 134083.
23
Shi Q, Chen C, Zhang W, et al. Transgenic eukaryotic microalgae as green factories: Providing new ideas for the production of biologically active substances [J]. J Appl Phycol, 2021, 33: 705-728.
24
Fong WN, Li Q, Ji FF, et al. Lactobacillus gallinarum-derived metabolites boost anti-PD1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by inhibiting regulatory T cells through modulating IDO1/Kyn/AHR axis [J]. Gut, 2023, 72: 2272.
25
Jia JX, Wang XC, Lin X, et al. Engineered microorganisms for advancing tumor therapy [J]. Adv Mater, 2024, 36: e2313389.
26
Pankratov D, Pankratova G, Gorton L. Thylakoid membrane-based photobioelectrochemical systems: Achievements, limitations, and perspectives [J]. Curr Opin Electrochem, 2020, 19: 49-54.
27
Zhang DX, He J, Cui JR, et al. Oral microalgae-nano integrated system against radiation-induced injury [J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 10560-10576.
28
Yasa O, Erkoc P, Alapan Y, et al. Microalga-powered microswimmers toward active cargo delivery [J]. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1804130.
29
Venturelli OS, Wang HH, Estrela S, et al. What is the key challenge in engineering microbiomes? [J]. Cell Syst, 2023, 14: 85-90.
30
Zhang DX, Zhong DN, Ouyang J, et al. Microalgae-based oral microcarriers for gut microbiota homeostasis and intestinal protection in cancer radiotherapy [J]. Nat Commun, 2022, 13: 1413.
31
Chen JW, Li T, Liang JH, et al. Current status of intratumour microbiome in cancer and engineered exogenous microbiota as a promising therapeutic strategy [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2022, 145: 112443.
32
Shen XY, Zhu CJ, Liu XT, et al. Engineered bacteria for augmented in situ tumor vaccination [J]. Biomater Sci, 2023, 11: 1137-1152.
33
De Stefano L, Rotiroti L, De Stefano M, et al. Marine diatoms as optical biosensors [J]. Biosens Bioelectron, 2009, 24: 1580-1584.
34
Kerschgens IP, Gademann K. Antibiotic algae by chemical surface engineering [J]. Chembiochem, 2018, 19: 439-443.
35
Zhang FY, Zhuang J, Li ZX, et al. Nanoparticle-modified microrobots for in vivo antibiotic delivery to treat acute bacterial pneumonia [J]. Nat Mater, 2022, 21: 1324-1332.
36
Zhang FY, Li ZX, Yin L, et al. ACE2 receptor-modified algae-based microrobot for removal of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater [J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2021, 143: 12194-12201.
37
Qiao Y, Yang F, Xie TT, et al. Engineered algae: A novel oxygen-generating system for effective treatment of hypoxic cancer [J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6: eaba5996.
38
Copolovici DM, Langel K, Eriste E, et al. Cell-penetrating peptides: Design, synthesis, and applications [J]. ACS Nano, 2014, 8: 1972-1994.
39
Hyman JM, Geihe EI, Trantow BM, et al. A molecular method for the delivery of small molecules and proteins across the cell wall of algae using molecular transporters [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012, 109: 13225-13230.
40
Li ZH, Behrens AM, Ginat N, et al. Biofilm-inspired encapsulation of probiotics for the treatment of complex infections [J]. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: e1803925.
41
Lee CM, Cradick TJ, Fine EJ. Expanding the genetic editing tool kit: ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas9 [J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124: 4154-4161.
42
Lee CM, Cradick TJ, Fine EJ, et al. Nuclease target site selection for maximizing on-target activity and minimizing off-target effects in genome editing [J]. Mol Ther, 2016, 24: 475-487.
43
Samanta MK, Dey A, Gayen S. CRISPR/Cas9: An advanced tool for editing plant genomes [J]. Transgenic Res, 2016, 25: 561-573.
44
Jester BW, Zhao H, Gewe M, et al. Development of Spirulina for the manufacture and oral delivery of protein therapeutics [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2022, 40: 956-964.
45
Cui HQ, Su YD, Wei W, et al. How microalgae is effective in oxygen deficiency aggravated diseases? A comprehensive review of literature [J]. Int J Nanomedicine, 2022, 17: 3101-3122.
46
Duan X, Xie C, Hill DRA, et al. Bioaccessibility, bioavailability and bioactivities of carotenoids in microalgae: A review [J]. Food Rev Int, 2024, 40: 230-259.
47
Ferdous UT, Balia Yusof ZN. Insight into potential anticancer activity of algal flavonoids: Current status and challenges [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26: 6844.
48
Mondal A, Bose S, Banerjee S, et al. Marine cyanobacteria and microalgae metabolites—a rich source of potential anticancer drugs [J]. Mar Drugs, 2020, 18: 476.
49
Carlsen RW, Sitti M. Bio-hybrid cell-based actuators for microsystems [J]. Small, 2014, 10: 3831-3851.
50
Pu X, Wang X, Liu G. Research advances of living microorganisms and their derivatives-based strategies for the treatment of bacterial infection [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2024, 59: 1186-1195.
51
Priyadarshini L, Aggarwal A. Astaxanthin inhibits cytokines production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing IκB kinase-dependent nuclear factor κB activation in pre and postpartum Murrah buffaloes during different seasons [J]. Vet World, 2018, 11: 782-788.
52
Copat C, Favara C, Tomasello MF, et al. Astaxanthin in cancer therapy and prevention (review) [J]. Biomed Rep, 2025, 22: 66.
53
Kowshik J, Nivetha R, Ranjani S, et al. Astaxanthin inhibits hallmarks of cancer by targeting the PI3K/NF-κΒ/STAT3 signalling axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma models [J]. IUBMB Life, 2019, 71: 1595-1610.
54
Zhang XQ, Fan TL, Li SL, et al. C-Phycocyanin elicited antitumor efficacy via cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and invasion inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [J]. J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2019, 39: 114-121.
55
Kaur P, Dhandayuthapani S, Venkatesan T, et al. Molecular mechanism of C-phycocyanin induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells [J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2020, 28: 115272.
56
Liao GY, Gao B, Gao YN, et al. Phycocyanin inhibits tumorigenic potential of pancreatic cancer cells: Role of apoptosis and autophagy [J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 34564.
57
Chan GC, Chan WK, Sze DM. The effects of β-glucan on human immune and cancer cells [J]. J Hematol Oncol, 2009, 2: 25.
58
Chen Z, Han F, Du Y, et al. Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, 8: 70.
59
Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D, Kozani PS, et al. An overview on the role of microalgal metabolites and pigments in apoptosis induction against copious diseases [J]. Algal Res, 2021, 60: 102556.
60
Ferraz CAA, Grougnet R, Nicolau E, et al. Carotenoids from marine microalgae as antimelanoma agents [J]. Mar Drugs, 2022, 20: 618.
61
Jabeen A, Reeder B, Svistunenko D, et al. Effect of the photodynamic therapy applications with potent microalgae constituents on several types of tumor [J]. IRBM, 2019, 40: 51-61.
62
Li WL, Zhong DN, Hua SY, et al. Biomineralized biohybrid algae for tumor hypoxia modulation and cascade radio-photodynamic therapy [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12: 44541-44553.
63
Zhong DN, Li WL, Hua SY, et al. Calcium phosphate engineered photosynthetic microalgae to combat hypoxic-tumor by in-situ modulating hypoxia and cascade radio-phototherapy [J]. Theranostics, 2021, 11: 3580-3594.
64
Wang HR, Guo YF, Wang C, et al. Light-controlled oxygen production and collection for sustainable photodynamic therapy in tumor hypoxia [J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 269: 120621.
65
Akolpoglu MB, Dogan NO, Bozuyuk U, et al. High-yield production of biohybrid microalgae for on-demand cargo delivery [J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2020, 7: 2001256.
66
Wang X, Cai J, Sun LL, et al. Facile fabrication of magnetic microrobots based on spirulina templates for targeted delivery and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019, 11: 4745-4756.
67
Terzopoulou A, Palacios-Corella M, Franco C, et al. Biotemplating of metal-organic framework nanocrystals for applications in small-scale robotics [J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32: 2107421.
68
Qi YD, Zhuang ZN, Zeng SM, et al. In situ self-aggregation of Spirulina skeleton fibers enhances the efficacy of anti-tumor thermal immunotherapy [J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, 34: 2312201.
69
Gao C, Kwong CHT, Wang QF, et al. Conjugation of macrophage-mimetic microalgae and liposome for antitumor sonodynamic immunotherapy via hypoxia alleviation and autophagy inhibition [J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17: 4034-4049.
70
Sasaki M, Takagi A, Sasaki D, et al. Characteristics and function of an extracellular polysaccharide from a green alga Parachlorella [J]. Carbohydr Polym, 2021, 254: 117252.
71
Delalat B, Sheppard VC, Rasi Ghaemi S, et al. Targeted drug delivery using genetically engineered diatom biosilica [J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 8791.
72
Rea I, Martucci NM, De Stefano L, et al. Diatomite biosilica nanocarriers for siRNA transport inside cancer cells [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2014, 1840: 3393-3403.
73
Gutiérrez S, Lauersen KJ. Gene delivery technologies with applications in microalgal genetic engineering [J]. Biology (Basel), 2021, 10: 265.
2026年第61卷第5期
PDF下载
210
113
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815
  • 接收时间:2025-07-12
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-05-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-12
  • 修回日期:2025-10-12
基金
作者信息
    1复旦大学药学院, 智能化递药教育部重点实验室, 克服递药屏障高端制剂全国重点实验室, 上海 201203
    2江苏护理职业学院中医药学院, 江苏 淮安 223001
    3同济大学医学院皮肤病医院, 上海 200443

通讯作者:

戚建平, Tel/Fax: 86-21-51980084, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0815
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏