Article(id=1308840360751756124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840287129141340, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1194, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=1765728000000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789981459080, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1775923200000, pubDateStr=2026-04-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789981459080, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789981459080, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789981459080, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308840287129141340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='4', pageStart='1001', pageEnd='1434', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775923200000', pubDateStr='2026-04-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789981441528, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984228828, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308851977992368434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840287129141340, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308851977992368435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308840287129141340, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1234, endPage=1245, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308840361078911837, articleId=1308840360751756124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanism study of Ephedra intermedia lignan (7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C in ameliorating asthma via suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the interventional effect and potential mechanism of a lignan compound, (7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C (EPC), from Ephedra intermedia, on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthmatic mice. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to normal control (CON), model (M), positive control (montelukast sodium, 1.3 mg·kg-1), EPC low-dose (EPC-L, 10 mg·kg-1), and EPC high-dose (EPC-H, 20 mg·kg-1) groups. An allergic asthma model was established through intraperitoneal injection of OVA with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant followed by OVA aerosol challenge. After 7 consecutive days of administration, cough and asthma indicators, lung function, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and lung tissue pathology were assessed 24 h post-final dose. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure serum levels of mast cell degranulation products and inflammatory factors; flow cytometry was utilized to detect immune cells (dendritic cells, mast cells, Tregs) and Ca2+ levels; immunofluorescence was applied to evaluate tryptase alpha/beta 1 (TPSAB1) and septin 11 (Septin11) protein expression in lung tissue; Western blot analysis was conducted to examine protein expression and activation levels of key molecules in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in lung tissue samples. Furthermore, a co-culture system comprising mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) and primary mouse splenocytes, combined with the JAK2/STAT3-specific inhibitor tyrphostin AG490, was employed to elucidate the mechanism underlying EPC's intervention in OVA-sensitized asthma. Results demonstrated that EPC alleviated asthma-related cough, inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness, improved lung pathological damage, modulated immune cell levels, suppressed inflammatory responses and mast cell degranulation, exhibiting significant anti-asthmatic effects, and reduced key protein expression in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that EPC regulated Th17/Treg immune imbalance and attenuated inflammatory responses in the co-culture system, effects that were blocked by AG490. Thus, it is speculated that EPC may exert its anti-asthmatic effects by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit mast cell degranulation and modulate immune-inflammatory responses. This animal experiment gas been approved by the Animal Ethics Committe of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number DWLL2018080003).

, authors=Hao-yu WANG1, 2, Xin-mian JIAO1, 2, Yuan-yuan WU1, 2, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, Feng-xiao HAO1, 2, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, 3, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Hao-yu WANG, Xin-mian JIAO, Yuan-yuan WU, Meng-nan ZENG, Feng-xiao HAO, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308840369404605302, articleId=1308840360751756124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=中麻黄木脂素(7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C抑制JAK2/STAT3通路改善哮喘的机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究中麻黄中一种木脂素类化合物(7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C (EPC) 对卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 致敏哮喘小鼠的干预作用及其潜在机制。采用SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠, 随机分为正常组(CON)、模型组(M)、阳性药孟鲁斯特钠组(Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1)、EPC低剂量组(EPC-L, 10 mg·kg-1) 和EPC高剂量组(EPC-H, 20 mg·kg-1)。采用腹腔注射OVA和氢氧化铝佐剂联合OVA雾化激发建立过敏性哮喘小鼠模型。连续给药7天, 末次给药24 h后检测小鼠咳喘指标、肺功能、血清免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE) 以及小鼠肺组织病理变; 酶联免疫吸附(ELISA) 测定小鼠血清肥大细胞脱颗粒产物和炎症因子水平; 流式细胞术检测小鼠机体免疫细胞(树突状细胞、肥大细胞、Tregs细胞)、Ca2+水平; 免疫荧光检测小鼠肺组织类胰蛋白酶α/β 1 (tryptase alpha/beta 1, TPSAB1) 和胞裂蛋白11 (Septin11) 蛋白表达; 通过免疫印迹法(Western blot) 对小鼠肺组织样本中的非受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶2 (Janus kinase 2, JAK2)/信号转导与转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 信号通路关键分子的蛋白表达与活化水平进行检测。接着采用小鼠肺上皮细胞(mouse lung epithelial cells, MLE-12) 和小鼠原代脾细胞构建共培养体系, 合并JAK2/STAT3特异性抑制剂(tyrphostin AG490), 观察EPC干预OVA致敏哮喘的作用机制。实验结果显示, EPC能够缓解哮喘小鼠咳喘, 抑制气道高反应性, 改善肺部病理损伤, 调节免疫细胞水平, 抑制炎症反应和肥大细胞脱颗粒现象, 具有显著的平喘功效; 并可降低JAK2/STAT3信号通路关键蛋白表达。进一步机制探究发现, EPC能够调节细胞共培养体系中Th17/Treg免疫失衡, 减轻炎症反应, 此作用可被AG490阻断。因此, 推测EPC可能通过调控JAK2/STAT3信号通路抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒, 调节免疫-炎症反应来发挥平喘药效。该动物实验已获得河南中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号DWLL2018080003)。

, authors=王昊宇1, 2, 焦新棉1, 2, 吴媛媛1, 2, 曾梦楠1, 2, 郝凤霄1, 2, 冯卫生1, 2, 3, 郑晓珂1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=王昊宇, 焦新棉, 吴媛媛, 曾梦楠, 郝凤霄, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑晓珂, authorNote=

作者贡献:

王昊宇负责实验操作、数据整理分析、初稿撰写; 焦新棉、吴媛媛、郝凤霄参与实验设计、协助完成实验、文稿修改; 曾梦楠、冯卫生、郑晓珂负责指导实验方案、审阅修改文章及提供经费支持。

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑晓珂, Tel: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
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A: Cough frequency; B: Cough latency; C: Wheezing frequency; D: Wheezing latency. CON: Normal group; OVA: Model group; Y: Positive drug montelukast sodium group (1.3 mg·kg-1); EPC-L: Low-dose EPC group (10 mg·kg-1); EPC-H: High dose EPC group (20 mg·kg-1); n = 4, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group, figureFileSmall=DgnZKGEvD7SuuvKqMxegxw==, figureFileBig=+XIhXzFbTBj8rFOmMIq1pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840378715960257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AN2zwRIVQ0by5MGDj+UfYw==, figureFileBig=mvg/TzLgnTZsR+/xrfJuYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840378808234947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of EPC on pathological damage of lung tissue and serum IgE in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. A: Lung coefficients of HE staining (×400), Masson staining (×400) and PAS staining (×400) of mouse lung tissues (scale bar: 100 μm); B: Lung inflammatory score (HE); C: Lung fibrotie score (Masson); D: Lung mucus production score (PAS); E: Serum IgE levels. n = 4 (A-D), n = 6 (E), $ \overline{x}\pm s. $ ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group, figureFileSmall=AN2zwRIVQ0by5MGDj+UfYw==, figureFileBig=mvg/TzLgnTZsR+/xrfJuYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840379043115972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=m4Lsu2GlAQ6TWqm5qmEsqg==, figureFileBig=qM5Hb898nKmzPnFFR9bIZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840379139584965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of EPC on inflammatory response in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. n = 6, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group. IL: Interleukin; TSLP: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, figureFileSmall=m4Lsu2GlAQ6TWqm5qmEsqg==, figureFileBig=qM5Hb898nKmzPnFFR9bIZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840379458352070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Cun0LmaWVmeCwn+L8CRuKg==, figureFileBig=HCcsKlP9JnVd7l1OgQPh+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840379546432456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of EPC on immune cells in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. A, D: Flow cytometry analysis of DCs levels and quantification in mouse lung tissue; B, E: Flow cytometry analysis of DCs levels and quantification in mouse peripheral blood; C, F: Flow cytometry analysis of Tregs levels and quantification in mouse lung tissue. n = 3, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group. DCs: Dendritic cells; Tregs: Regulatory T cells, figureFileSmall=Cun0LmaWVmeCwn+L8CRuKg==, figureFileBig=HCcsKlP9JnVd7l1OgQPh+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840379621929929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7nX1QnzKCd8djFlUGZwqjQ==, figureFileBig=xKubw9IkJY9iIZMlXThztQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840379697427402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of EPC on mast cells (MCs) degranulation in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. A, D: Flow cytometry analysis of MC levels and quantification in mouse lung tissue; B, E: Flow cytometry analysis of Ca2+ levels and quantification in mouse lung tissue; C, F, G: Immunofluorescence detection of tryptase alpha/beta 1 (TPSAB1) and Septin11 protein expression levels in mouse lung tissue (×400, scale bar: 100 μm); H: Quantification of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) levels in mouse lung tissue; I: Quantification of β-mast cell tryptase (MCT-β) levels in mouse lung tissue; J: Quantification of leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) levels in mouse lung tissue; K: Quantification of histamine (HIS) levels in mouse lung tissue. n = 3 (A-G), n = 6 (H-K), $ \overline{x}\pm s. $ ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group, figureFileSmall=7nX1QnzKCd8djFlUGZwqjQ==, figureFileBig=xKubw9IkJY9iIZMlXThztQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840379919725515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RCmsOyN1M4Dg4FUO57uJqQ==, figureFileBig=uQXmoeNzlISWTtCpCFKH0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840380012000204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of EPC on JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. A: Western blot analysis of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 protein expression in mouse lung tissues; B: Quantification of p-JAK2/JAK2 protein expression levels in mouse lung tissues; C: Quantification of p-STAT/STAT3 protein levels in mouse lung tissues. n = 3, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group, figureFileSmall=RCmsOyN1M4Dg4FUO57uJqQ==, figureFileBig=uQXmoeNzlISWTtCpCFKH0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840380297212877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KQ0I1w6YOadQ6oOn6y9Kjg==, figureFileBig=zZeXYLNUQ2UKHKr89sOk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840380364321742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modeling concentration screening of MLE-12 cells. n = 4, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. **P < 0.01 vs CON group, figureFileSmall=KQ0I1w6YOadQ6oOn6y9Kjg==, figureFileBig=zZeXYLNUQ2UKHKr89sOk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840380439819215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=k2b/BKbGfk/14BecqebvmA==, figureFileBig=HGTTAtG4K25moUo05w2jAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840382100763600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of EPC on Th17 and Tregs expression levels in splenocytes of the co-culture system. A, B: Flow cytometry analysis of Th17 expression levels; C, D: Quantification of Tregs levels. n = 3, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group; & P < 0.05 vs group without AG490 inhibitor, figureFileSmall=k2b/BKbGfk/14BecqebvmA==, figureFileBig=HGTTAtG4K25moUo05w2jAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840382226592721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=REbYjKP86kidQ9KVU8Z9ow==, figureFileBig=bkjGCEYplI2IS9DEC6u4FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840382390170578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of EPC on inflammatory factors in the supernatant of co-cultivation system. n = 4, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; **P < 0.01 vs model group; & & P < 0.01 vs group without AG490 inhibitor, figureFileSmall=REbYjKP86kidQ9KVU8Z9ow==, figureFileBig=bkjGCEYplI2IS9DEC6u4FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840382457279443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DP5IL4nwnwQwI4HwXFILmw==, figureFileBig=f61gfAxXq6ZVadXYgP48Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840382524388308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effects of EPC on JAK2/STAT3 pathway protein expression in MLE-12 cells of the co-cultivation system. A: High-content imaging system analysis of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 protein expression levels. Scale bar: 100 μm; B: Quantification of p-JAK2/JAK2 proteins in MLE-12 cells; C: Quantification of p-STAT/STAT3 proteins in MLE-12 cells. n = 6, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; **P < 0.01 vs model group; & & P < 0.01 vs group without AG490 inhibitor, figureFileSmall=DP5IL4nwnwQwI4HwXFILmw==, figureFileBig=f61gfAxXq6ZVadXYgP48Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308840382809600981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupPenh value at different concentration of methacholine chloride solution/mg·mL-1
03.1256.2512.52550
CON0.73±0.110.94±0.041.28±0.091.81±0.152.85±0.383.67±0.27
OVA0.84±0.061.16±0.13#1.87±0.12##2.71±0.35##3.50±0.22##5.35±0.89##
Y0.76±0.071.08±0.121.34±0.17**2.18±0.18**3.02±0.21*4.03±0.47**
EPC-L0.81±0.031.08±0.141.60±0.18*2.45±0.203.25±0.214.58±0.40
EPC-H0.79±0.081.01±0.161.52±0.17**2.33±0.21*3.17±0.244.35±0.35*
), ArticleFig(id=1308840382872515542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Effects of EPC on airway reactivity (Penh) in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. n = 6, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupPenh value at different concentration of methacholine chloride solution/mg·mL-1
03.1256.2512.52550
CON0.73±0.110.94±0.041.28±0.091.81±0.152.85±0.383.67±0.27
OVA0.84±0.061.16±0.13#1.87±0.12##2.71±0.35##3.50±0.22##5.35±0.89##
Y0.76±0.071.08±0.121.34±0.17**2.18±0.18**3.02±0.21*4.03±0.47**
EPC-L0.81±0.031.08±0.141.60±0.18*2.45±0.203.25±0.214.58±0.40
EPC-H0.79±0.081.01±0.161.52±0.17**2.33±0.21*3.17±0.244.35±0.35*
), ArticleFig(id=1308840382960595927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupMV value at different concentration of methacholine chloride solution/mg·mL-1
03.1256.2512.52550
CON60.86±2.5355.94±1.1452.69±1.2844.80±1.9438.71±4.0230.27±1.47
OVA58.82±3.5952.95±3.8043.95±4.44##34.27±0.88##24.37±0.91##21.84±1.25##
Y59.05±2.4754.10±1.2049.94±1.37*41.19±0.84*37.17±0.84**28.45±0.97**
EPC-L58.65±4.4453.31±3.8942.33±3.35*34.62±4.9627.95±46.1923.32±30.96
EPC-H55.44±3.8052.78±4.2246.11±2.3634.19±2.7527.68±3.9324.36±1.93*
), ArticleFig(id=1308840383040287705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effects of EPC on minute ventilation (MV) in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. n = 6, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupMV value at different concentration of methacholine chloride solution/mg·mL-1
03.1256.2512.52550
CON60.86±2.5355.94±1.1452.69±1.2844.80±1.9438.71±4.0230.27±1.47
OVA58.82±3.5952.95±3.8043.95±4.44##34.27±0.88##24.37±0.91##21.84±1.25##
Y59.05±2.4754.10±1.2049.94±1.37*41.19±0.84*37.17±0.84**28.45±0.97**
EPC-L58.65±4.4453.31±3.8942.33±3.35*34.62±4.9627.95±46.1923.32±30.96
EPC-H55.44±3.8052.78±4.2246.11±2.3634.19±2.7527.68±3.9324.36±1.93*
), ArticleFig(id=1308840383229031386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupTV value at different concentration of methacholine chloride solution/mg·mL-1
03.1256.2512.52550
CON0.254±0.0160.229±0.0070.181±0.0060.164±0.0100.136±0.0110.122±0.008
OVA0.264±0.0140.175±0.00##0.148±0.01##0.118±0.01##0.095±0.01##0.065±0.01##
Y0.261±0.0090.227±0.02**0.181±0.00**0.170±0.01*0.133±0.01*0.111±0.00**
EPC -L0.271±0.0170.197±0.0150.165±0.00*0.130±0.0060.104±0.0170.064±0.004
EPC -H0.278±0.0020.191±0.0090.165±0.01*0.126±0.0200.089±0.0160.073±0.006
), ArticleFig(id=1308840383296140251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308840360751756124, language=CN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Effect of EPC on tidal volume (TV) in OVA-sensitized asthma mice. n = 6, $ \overline{x}\pm s $. ##P < 0.01 vs CON group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs OVA sensitisation model group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupTV value at different concentration of methacholine chloride solution/mg·mL-1
03.1256.2512.52550
CON0.254±0.0160.229±0.0070.181±0.0060.164±0.0100.136±0.0110.122±0.008
OVA0.264±0.0140.175±0.00##0.148±0.01##0.118±0.01##0.095±0.01##0.065±0.01##
Y0.261±0.0090.227±0.02**0.181±0.00**0.170±0.01*0.133±0.01*0.111±0.00**
EPC -L0.271±0.0170.197±0.0150.165±0.00*0.130±0.0060.104±0.0170.064±0.004
EPC -H0.278±0.0020.191±0.0090.165±0.01*0.126±0.0200.089±0.0160.073±0.006
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中麻黄木脂素(7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C抑制JAK2/STAT3通路改善哮喘的机制研究
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王昊宇 1, 2 , 焦新棉 1, 2 , 吴媛媛 1, 2 , 曾梦楠 1, 2 , 郝凤霄 1, 2 , 冯卫生 1, 2, 3 , 郑晓珂 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(4): 1234-1245
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (4) : 1234 -1245
中麻黄木脂素(7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C抑制JAK2/STAT3通路改善哮喘的机制研究
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王昊宇1, 2, 焦新棉1, 2, 吴媛媛1, 2, 曾梦楠1, 2, 郝凤霄1, 2, 冯卫生1, 2, 3, 郑晓珂1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 3呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046
通讯作者:
郑晓珂, Tel: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

王昊宇负责实验操作、数据整理分析、初稿撰写; 焦新棉、吴媛媛、郝凤霄参与实验设计、协助完成实验、文稿修改; 曾梦楠、冯卫生、郑晓珂负责指导实验方案、审阅修改文章及提供经费支持。

Mechanism study of Ephedra intermedia lignan (7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C in ameliorating asthma via suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Hao-yu WANG1, 2, Xin-mian JIAO1, 2, Yuan-yuan WU1, 2, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, Feng-xiao HAO1, 2, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, 3, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2Henan Engineering Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Development, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3Provincial-Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2026-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1194
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探究中麻黄中一种木脂素类化合物(7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C (EPC) 对卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 致敏哮喘小鼠的干预作用及其潜在机制。采用SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠, 随机分为正常组(CON)、模型组(M)、阳性药孟鲁斯特钠组(Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1)、EPC低剂量组(EPC-L, 10 mg·kg-1) 和EPC高剂量组(EPC-H, 20 mg·kg-1)。采用腹腔注射OVA和氢氧化铝佐剂联合OVA雾化激发建立过敏性哮喘小鼠模型。连续给药7天, 末次给药24 h后检测小鼠咳喘指标、肺功能、血清免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE) 以及小鼠肺组织病理变; 酶联免疫吸附(ELISA) 测定小鼠血清肥大细胞脱颗粒产物和炎症因子水平; 流式细胞术检测小鼠机体免疫细胞(树突状细胞、肥大细胞、Tregs细胞)、Ca2+水平; 免疫荧光检测小鼠肺组织类胰蛋白酶α/β 1 (tryptase alpha/beta 1, TPSAB1) 和胞裂蛋白11 (Septin11) 蛋白表达; 通过免疫印迹法(Western blot) 对小鼠肺组织样本中的非受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶2 (Janus kinase 2, JAK2)/信号转导与转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 信号通路关键分子的蛋白表达与活化水平进行检测。接着采用小鼠肺上皮细胞(mouse lung epithelial cells, MLE-12) 和小鼠原代脾细胞构建共培养体系, 合并JAK2/STAT3特异性抑制剂(tyrphostin AG490), 观察EPC干预OVA致敏哮喘的作用机制。实验结果显示, EPC能够缓解哮喘小鼠咳喘, 抑制气道高反应性, 改善肺部病理损伤, 调节免疫细胞水平, 抑制炎症反应和肥大细胞脱颗粒现象, 具有显著的平喘功效; 并可降低JAK2/STAT3信号通路关键蛋白表达。进一步机制探究发现, EPC能够调节细胞共培养体系中Th17/Treg免疫失衡, 减轻炎症反应, 此作用可被AG490阻断。因此, 推测EPC可能通过调控JAK2/STAT3信号通路抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒, 调节免疫-炎症反应来发挥平喘药效。该动物实验已获得河南中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号DWLL2018080003)。

中麻黄  /  木脂素  /  哮喘  /  JAK2/STAT3信号通路  /  免疫调节

This study aimed to investigate the interventional effect and potential mechanism of a lignan compound, (7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C (EPC), from Ephedra intermedia, on ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthmatic mice. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to normal control (CON), model (M), positive control (montelukast sodium, 1.3 mg·kg-1), EPC low-dose (EPC-L, 10 mg·kg-1), and EPC high-dose (EPC-H, 20 mg·kg-1) groups. An allergic asthma model was established through intraperitoneal injection of OVA with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant followed by OVA aerosol challenge. After 7 consecutive days of administration, cough and asthma indicators, lung function, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and lung tissue pathology were assessed 24 h post-final dose. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure serum levels of mast cell degranulation products and inflammatory factors; flow cytometry was utilized to detect immune cells (dendritic cells, mast cells, Tregs) and Ca2+ levels; immunofluorescence was applied to evaluate tryptase alpha/beta 1 (TPSAB1) and septin 11 (Septin11) protein expression in lung tissue; Western blot analysis was conducted to examine protein expression and activation levels of key molecules in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in lung tissue samples. Furthermore, a co-culture system comprising mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) and primary mouse splenocytes, combined with the JAK2/STAT3-specific inhibitor tyrphostin AG490, was employed to elucidate the mechanism underlying EPC's intervention in OVA-sensitized asthma. Results demonstrated that EPC alleviated asthma-related cough, inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness, improved lung pathological damage, modulated immune cell levels, suppressed inflammatory responses and mast cell degranulation, exhibiting significant anti-asthmatic effects, and reduced key protein expression in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that EPC regulated Th17/Treg immune imbalance and attenuated inflammatory responses in the co-culture system, effects that were blocked by AG490. Thus, it is speculated that EPC may exert its anti-asthmatic effects by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit mast cell degranulation and modulate immune-inflammatory responses. This animal experiment gas been approved by the Animal Ethics Committe of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number DWLL2018080003).

Ephedra intermedia  /  lignan  /  asthma  /  JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway  /  immune regulation
王昊宇, 焦新棉, 吴媛媛, 曾梦楠, 郝凤霄, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂. 中麻黄木脂素(7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C抑制JAK2/STAT3通路改善哮喘的机制研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (4) : 1234 -1245 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1194
Hao-yu WANG, Xin-mian JIAO, Yuan-yuan WU, Meng-nan ZENG, Feng-xiao HAO, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG. Mechanism study of Ephedra intermedia lignan (7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C in ameliorating asthma via suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (4) : 1234 -1245 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1194
哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症, 与多种免疫细胞(如树突状细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞等) 和细胞因子有关[1]。该病主要由过敏原、环境变化等多种因素诱发[2], 典型症状包括夜间或凌晨加重的反复喘息、气促、胸闷及咳嗽等[3]。近年来我国哮喘患病率呈现攀升的趋势, meta分析显示我国成人加权患病率由1984年的0.69%升至2021年的5.30%, 预计2050年将接近10%, 疾病负担迅速加重[4]。尽管糖皮质激素、抗组胺药和白三烯受体拮抗剂可有效缓解症状, 但长期使用常伴随胃肠道反应、生长抑制及复发率高等缺陷, 因此, 开发疗效明确且不良反应少的新型哮喘治疗药物具有重要的临床与科学意义。
现有研究表明, 在哮喘的发生与发展中JAK2/STAT3信号通路发挥着关键作用, 是哮喘炎症放大、上皮铁死亡和气道重塑的共同核心驱动[5, 6]。过敏原或IL-4、IL-13、IL-17等细胞因子首先激活JAK2, 随后STAT3在Tyr705位点被磷酸化并二聚入核, 启动IL-6、IL-1β、MUC5AC、VEGF及铁死亡相关基因(SLC7A11、GPX4下调) 的转录, 形成正反馈, 持续招募Th17和嗜酸粒细胞, 加重黏液高分泌、平滑肌增厚和胶原沉积[5, 7]。单细胞测序显示, 哮喘患者纤毛上皮和Th17细胞中STAT3表达显著升高, 其活性与疾病严重程度正相关[8]。动物实验亦证实, 使用JAK2抑制剂fedratinib或STAT3抑制剂HJC0152可显著降低气道高反应性、减少炎症细胞浸润及胶原面积[9, 10], 提示靶向抑制JAK2/STAT3是治疗哮喘的潜在策略。
麻黄始载于《神农本草经》, 为麻黄科植物草麻黄(Ephedra sinica Stapf)、中麻黄(Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C.A.Mey.) 或木贼麻黄(Ephedra equisetina Bge.) 的干燥草质茎, 具有发汗解表、宣肺平喘、利水消肿的功效[11]。本课题组长期致力于麻黄药效物质基础及作用机制研究, 从麻黄中分离得到大量单体化合物, 发现其具有良好的抗哮喘作用[12-21]。Fan等[22]从中麻黄中分离得到多种化合物, 其中一种新的木脂素类化合物(7S, 8R, 8'R)-eplignan C (EPC, 结构式见图1) 在前期体外活性筛选实验中发现, 该化合物可以抑制C48/80诱导的RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒, 推测EPC可能具有一定的抗哮喘活性, 需进一步体内明确其抗哮喘作用。因此, 本研究基于JAK2/STAT3信号通路, 采用卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 致敏哮喘模型观察EPC对哮喘的干预作用。
实验动物与细胞  6~7周龄SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠, 体重为15~17 g, 购自浙江维通利华实验动物技术有限公司, 动物许可证号SCXK (浙) 2019-0001。小鼠饲养于昼夜交替, 温度20~25 ℃、湿度60%的清洁级动物实验室内, 允许自由进食和饮水, 并进行为期一周的适应性喂养。该动物实验已获得河南中医药大学动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号DWLL2018080003)。小鼠肺上皮细胞株(MLE-12) 购自梓杉生物(货号: STCC20008P)。
药物与试剂  EPC为本课题组前期从中麻黄里分离得到的一个化合物; 阳性药孟鲁司特钠(批号: X026022) 购自杭州默沙东制药有限公司; 卵清蛋白Ⅱ级(62%~88%, 批号: A5253)、卵清蛋白Ⅴ级(≥ 98%, 批号: A5503)、C48/80 (货号: C2313)、脂多糖(货号: L2880) 购自美国Sigma公司; Al(OH)3佐剂(货号: 77161) 购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司; 磷酸组胺(货号: H8530)、氯化乙酰胆碱(货号: C12410057) 购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司; 白细胞介素(interleukin, IL) 4 (货号: MM-0165M2)、IL5 (货号: MM-0165M2)、IL13 (货号: MM-0173M2)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE, 货号: MM-0056M1)、IL33 (货号: MM-0935M2)、IL25 (货号: MM-0163M2)、胸腺基质淋巴生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin, TSLP, 货号: MM-4448M2)、鼠肥大细胞蛋白酶(mouse mast cell protease-1, mMCP-1, 货号: MM-0082M1)、β-肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶(β-mast cell tryptase, MCT-β, 货号: MM-46274M1)、白三烯C4 (leukotrienes C4, LTC4, 货号: MM-0395M1)、组胺(histamine, HIS, 货号: MM-0548M1) 购自江苏酶免生物科技有限公司; 钙离子荧光探针(货号: F8500)、BCA全蛋白提取试剂盒(货号: BC3710)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(货号: PC0020) 购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司; AG490 (货号: 133550-30-8)、非受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶2 (Janus kinase 2, JAK2) 抗体(货号: A25438)、p-JAK2抗体(货号: AP0531)、信号转导与转录激活因子3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3) 抗体(货号: A22434)、p-STAT3一抗(货号: AP0705)、类胰蛋白酶α/β 1 (tryptase alpha/beta 1, TPSAB1) 抗体(货号: A2022)、胞裂蛋白11 (Septin11) 抗体(货号: A12189) 购自爱博泰克生物科技有限公司; 兔源荧光二抗(货号: C71214-01) 购自美国LI-COP公司; 流式抗体CD45 (FITC, 货号: 11-0451-85)、CD11b (APC, 货号: 17-0112-81)、CD117 (PerCP-Cy5.5-A, 货号: 46-1171-80)、CD45 (PE-Cy-7, 货号: 25-041-81)、CD11c (PE, 货号: 12-0114-83)、CD86 (FITC, 货号: 11-082-82)、CD25 (PE, 货号: 12-0251-83)、CD4 (FITC, 货号: 11-0041-85)、FOXP3 (APC, 货号: 17-5773-82)、IL-17A (Pe-cy5.5-A, 货号: 45-7177-82) 购自美国GibcoInvitrogen公司。
动物分组、模型构建及给药  50只小鼠适应性喂养后, 随机分为正常组(CON)、模型组(OVA)、阳性药孟鲁司特钠组(Y, 1.3 mg·kg-1·d-1)、EPC低剂量组(EPC-L, 10 mg·kg-1·d-1)、EPC高剂量组(EPC-H, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1), 每组10只。除CON组外, 分别在第0、7、14天, 通过腹腔注射给予Ⅴ级OVA与Al(OH)3的混悬液对小鼠进行致敏[将2 mg Al(OH)3与50 μg OVA溶于0.2 mL NaCl溶液]。第21~27天为雾化激发期(Ⅱ级OVA溶于NaCl溶液), 每次30 min。每次激发前30 min进行灌胃给药。末次激发24 h进行各项指标检测。
细胞培养、分组及给药  本研究使用F12K培养基(含10%胎牛血清) 在37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养MLE-12细胞, 待细胞布皿80%时传代。实验选取处于对数生长期的细胞, 经消化并重悬后, 以每毫升1.5×104个细胞的密度将其均匀接种于96孔板中, 贴壁后分为对照组(CON)、脂多糖不同浓度造模组(0.1、0.5、1、2、5、10、20、50和100 μg·mL-1) 给药后于培养箱中培养24 h, MTT检测细胞活力确定最佳造模浓度。
小鼠原代脾细胞提取  取3周龄小鼠, 在无菌条件下完整分离脾脏, 置于含RPMI-1640培养基的直径10 cm培养皿中漂洗。在无菌条件下, 使用0.22 μm细胞筛网研磨脾脏制备单细胞悬液, 经1 200 r·min-1离心5 min, 收集细胞沉淀, 加入适量红细胞裂解液重悬细胞, 裂解至液体澄清终止, 同上条件离心后弃上清。沉淀用PBS重悬洗涤一次, 离心后最终将细胞重悬于F12K培养基中, 并进行细胞计数。
小鼠原代脾细胞与MLE-12细胞共培养体系的建立  MLE-12细胞以每毫升1.5×104个细胞的密度均匀接种于24孔板, 培养24 h后, 将提取出的小鼠原代脾细胞接种于Transwell小室上层, 共培养24 h后, 将其分为正常组(CON)、正常加抑制剂AG490组(CON + AG490, 10 μmol·L-1)、模型组(M)、模型加抑制剂AG490组(M + AG490, 10 μmol·L-1)、给药EPC组(EPC, 10 μmol·L-1)、EPC加抑制剂AG490组(EPC10 μmol·L-1 + AG490 10 μmol·L-1), 给药后于培养箱中培养24 h进行实验。
咳喘指标检测  将小鼠置于多功能诱咳引喘仪的气雾箱内, 用25%氨水喷雾刺激15 s后将小鼠取出, 当小鼠出现腹肌收缩伴张口动作为咳嗽判断标准, 记录小鼠首次的咳嗽时间及在2 min内的次数。用0.1%磷酸组胺与2%氯化乙酰胆碱等量的混合液来进行引喘, 记录小鼠首次喘息的时间及2 min内的喘息次数。
肺功能检测  将小鼠放置FinePointe WBP体积描记腔中, 使用不同浓度的氯化乙酰甲胆碱溶液(0、3.125、6.25、12.5、25和50 mg·mL-1) 进行雾化操作, 记录在各个浓度下各小鼠的增强呼气间歇(Penh)、每分钟通气量(MV)、潮气量(TV) 等肺功能相关指标。
小鼠肺组织病理损伤评估  取小鼠干净左肺, 置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定处理, 随后依次进行乙醇脱水、二甲苯透化、石蜡包埋, 制备组织切片, 进行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE)、马松(Masson) 和过碘酸雪夫(periodic acid-Schiff stain, PAS) 染色、脱水、封片后, 最后于显微镜下观察小鼠肺组织病理学变化。
酶联免疫吸附(ELISA) 检测生化指标  称取小鼠相同肺叶组织在离心管中剪碎, 加入预冷PBS (组织与PBS重量体积比为1∶9), 使用组织研磨仪制备组织匀浆。将得到的匀浆液在4 ℃、3 000 r·min-1离心15 min后收集上清液, 作为小鼠肺组织匀浆样本。使用ELISA试剂盒来检测小鼠肺组织中肥大细胞脱颗粒特异性介质mMCP-1、MCT-β、LTC4、HIS水平。
采集小鼠外周血, 4 ℃静置30 min促凝后, 于4 ℃、3 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 分离血清。严格按照ELISA试剂盒说明书操作, 检测血清中免疫球蛋白及2型炎症关键细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-25、IL-33及TSLP的水平。
收集MLE-12细胞与小鼠原代脾细胞共培养结束后的上清液, 经离心去除细胞碎片后, 使用ELISA试剂盒来检测上清液中2型炎症的水平, 操作步骤严格按照说明书来进行。
流式细胞术检测免疫细胞亚群及钙离子水平  取小鼠外周血100 μL, 用CD11c、CD86抗体标记树突状细胞(dendritic cells, DCs), 经抗体孵育、红细胞裂解、洗涤后使用流式细胞仪检测DCs比例。同时取小鼠相同肺叶组织剪碎, 经胰酶(不含EDTA) 消化及70 μm滤网过滤后制备单细胞悬液, 用CD45、CD11b、CD117抗体标记肥大细胞(mast cells, MCs), CD45、CD11c、CD86抗体标记DCs, 以及抗体CD45、CD25、CD4、FOXP3标记调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells, Tregs), 经孵育、洗涤后, 通过流式细胞仪检测上述免疫细胞在肺组织中的浸润水平。
取上述肺组织单细胞悬液, 按照钙离子荧光探针试剂盒说明书进行操作, 使用流式细胞仪检测细胞内钙离子荧光强度, 以评估钙稳态变化。
收集MLE-12细胞与小鼠原代脾细胞共培养体系中的脾细胞, 离心后取细胞沉淀, 用抗CD4、CD25、FOXP3标记Tregs; 抗CD4、IL-17A标记Th17细胞进行染色, 通过流式细胞仪检测Tregs与Th17细胞比例。
免疫荧光检测小鼠肺组织TPSAB1、Septin11蛋白表达  将预处理后的肺组织石蜡切片经脱蜡及水化, 用3%过氧化氢溶液孵育10 min。随后用枸橼酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.0) 于高压锅中实施热介导抗原修复。修复完成后以5% BSA封闭非特异性结合位点, 继而加TPSAB1、Septin11抗体4 ℃孵育过夜。复温后加入HRP标记二抗室温孵育1 h, 洗涤后用二氨基联苯胺显色, 显色后水洗、复染、脱水、透化并封片。
Western blot法检测小鼠肺组织中JAK2/STAT3通路蛋白表达  使用全蛋白提取试剂盒(含1×PhosSTOP磷酸酶抑制剂) 提取小鼠肺组织总蛋白, BCA法定量后, 以每孔20 μg总蛋白上样, 经10% SDS-PAGE分离, 电泳后转膜、封闭, 依次加入一抗(p-JAK2 1∶1 000、JAK2 1∶1 000、p-STAT3 1∶1 000、STAT3 1∶1 000, 4 ℃孵育过夜) 及对应IRDye 800CW/680RD二抗(1∶10 000, 室温1 h); 采用Odyssey双色红外荧光成像系统扫描, 使用Image Studio 6.0进行定量。
高内涵成像系统检测MLE-12细胞TPSAB1、Septin11及JAK2/STAT3通路蛋白表达  取MLE-12细胞与小鼠原代脾细胞共培养小室下层MLE-12细胞, 弃去培养基使用3%~4%甲醛固定15 min, 固定结束后加入200 μL PBS洗涤, 之后加入含0.25% Triton X-100的PBS孵育10 min, 孵育结束后使用PBS洗涤, 加入5%牛血清白蛋封闭45 min后, 移除封闭液分别加入一抗进行孵育, 4 ℃孵育过夜, 孵育完成后使用PBS清洗, 清洗完成后加入二抗孵育1 h, 孵育结束后使用PBS进行洗涤, 最后加入DAPI染液进行复染, 使用PBS洗涤, 通过高内涵成像系统进行分析检测, 用Image J进行量化。
统计学分析  使用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据处理, 数据以$ \overline{x}\pm s $表示, 采用单因素方差分析进行组间比较, P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
各组小鼠咳喘指标检测结果见图2, 模型组小鼠咳嗽和喘息次数显著上升(P < 0.01), 咳嗽和喘息潜伏期显著缩短(P < 0.01); 阳性药组、EPC低、高剂量组小鼠咳嗽、喘息次数显著下降(P < 0.01), 咳嗽、喘息潜伏期显著延长(P < 0.01), 提示化合物EPC具有镇咳、平喘的作用。
肺功能检测结果如表1~3所示, 模型组小鼠Penh值随浓度增加而增大, MV、TV值随浓度增大而降低; 与模型组相比, EPC低、高剂量组小鼠Penh随浓度增大而降低, MV、TV值变化趋势不显著, 提示EPC可抑制OVA致敏哮喘小鼠的气道高反应性。
肺组织病理切片结果如图3A~D所示, 正常组小鼠肺泡结构完整、支气管壁较薄, 未见异常病理变化; 模型组小鼠肺泡结构破坏、气道平滑肌明显肥大增生、支气管壁显著增厚、管腔狭窄, 黏液分泌增多, 出现了大量的胶原沉积(P < 0.01); 阳性药组及EPC低、高剂量组明显改善了上述病理损伤(P < 0.01)。在过敏性哮喘的临床诊断中, 血清中过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E (IgE) 水平的升高是重要依据[23]。血清IgE检测结果显示(图3E), 模型组小鼠血清IgE水平显著升高(P < 0.01); 阳性药组及EPC低、高剂量组小鼠血清IgE水平显著降低(P < 0.01)。提示化合物EPC可通过改善肺组织病理重塑并抑制IgE介导的过敏反应, 发挥对OVA致敏哮喘小鼠的保护作用。
血清炎症因子检测结果所示(图4), 模型组小鼠血清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-25、IL-33及TSLP的水平显著升高(P < 0.01); 阳性药组及EPC低、高剂量组小鼠血清中IL-4、IL-13、IL-33的水平显著降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。提示化合物EPC可调节OVA致敏哮喘小鼠血清的炎症反应。
哮喘的发生发展过程中DCs和Tregs等多种免疫细胞起着关键作用[24, 25]。流式细胞术结果如图5所示, 模型组小鼠外周血及肺组织中DCs水平显著升高(P < 0.01), Tregs水平显著下降(P < 0.01); 阳性药组及EPC低剂量组、EPC高剂量组小鼠外周血及肺组织中DCs水平显著降低(P < 0.01), Tregs水平显著升高, 提示化合物EPC可有效调节OVA致敏哮喘小鼠机体免疫水平。
在过敏性哮喘中, MCs既是炎症反应的主要效应细胞也参与免疫调节[26]。哮喘小鼠肺组织MCs (图6A、D)、Ca2+水平(图6B、E) 检测结果显示, 模型组小鼠MCs和Ca2+水平显著升高(P < 0.01); 阳性药组及EPC低、高剂量组小鼠MCs和Ca2+水平显著降低(P < 0.01)。此外, TPSAB1是MCs的特征基因之一; Septin11是一种细胞骨架蛋白, 与细胞脱颗粒密切相关, 二者可以反映MCs活化状态[27, 28], 免疫荧光检测结果(图6C、F、G) 显示, 模型组小鼠肺组织中TPSAB1、Septin11阳性表达水平升高(P < 0.01); 阳性药组、EPC低、高剂量组小鼠肺组织TPSAB1、Septin11阳性表达水平显著降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。小鼠血清中MCs细胞脱颗粒产物结果(图6H~K) 发现, 模型组小鼠血清中mMCP-1、MCT-β、LTC4、HIS的水平显著升高(P < 0.01); 阳性药组及EPC低、高剂量组小鼠血清中mMCP-1、MCT-β、LTC4、HIS水平显著降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。表明化合物EPC对OVA致敏哮喘小鼠MCs活化具有显著抑制作用。
Western blot结果如图7所示, 模型组小鼠肺组织p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT/STAT3蛋白表达升高(P < 0.01), 阳性药组、EPC低、高剂量组小鼠肺组织p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT/STAT3表达显著降低(P < 0.01), 提示EPC可有效调节OVA致敏哮喘小鼠JAK2/STAT3通路蛋白。
LPS造模浓度筛选结果如图8所示, 与正常相比较, 给予不同浓度LPS刺激后, LPS以剂量依赖性降低细胞存活率(P < 0.01), 后续实验需要选择能显著降低细胞活力(约80%), 但同时确保大多数细胞存活的浓度, 即0.1 μg·mL-1为造模浓度。
流式细胞术检测共培养体系中脾细胞Th17、Tregs水平如图9, 模型组Th17细胞显著升高(P < 0.01), Tregs水平显著降低(P < 0.01); EPC组Th17细胞均显著降低(P < 0.01), Tregs显著升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01); EPC组加入JAK2/STAT3通路抑制剂AG490后升高了Th17水平(P < 0.05), 降低了Tregs水平(P < 0.05)。提示化合物EPC可有效调节免疫细胞Th17、Tregs水平, 此现象被JAK2/STAT3通路抑制剂显著阻断。
共培养上清炎症因子检测结果如图10所示, 模型组上清液中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-25、IL-33及TSLP的水平显著升高(P < 0.01); EPC组上清液中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-25、IL-33及TSLP水平显著降低(P < 0.01), EPC加抑制剂组各炎症因子的水平较EPC组比较显著升高(P < 0.01), 提示化合物EPC可调节小鼠肺上皮细胞炎症反应, 此调节作用可被JAK2/STAT3通路抑制剂逆转。
高内涵成像检测结果如图11所示, 模型组细胞p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3蛋白水平显著升高(P < 0.01); 给药EPC组p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3蛋白水平显著降低(P < 0.01), EPC加抑制剂组p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3蛋白的水平较EPC组显著降低(P < 0.01), 提示化合物EPC可阻断MLE-12细胞中JAK2/STAT3通路, JAK2/STAT3通路抑制剂能够进一步增强这种阻断作用。
哮喘是一种复杂的慢性气道炎症性疾病, 发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势, 其典型特征是气道高反应性, 即气道对多种刺激物过度收缩[29, 30]。该疾病的发病机制与过敏原触发炎症反应密切相关, 涉及多种细胞与介质的复杂网络调控[31, 32]。麻黄作为传统中药材, 现代药理学研究证实具有支气管舒张、抗炎、利尿等药理作用。本课题组从中麻黄中成功发现并证实了一种木脂素类化合物EPC具有显著的抗哮喘活性。研究结果显示, EPC能显著改善哮喘小鼠的肺功能并减轻气道病理损伤, 表现为降低咳喘频率、抑制气道高反应性、下调血清IgE水平、减少炎性细胞浸润及胶原沉积等。基于这些明确的药效学证据, 本研究进一步深入探讨了EPC的作用机制。
免疫介导的炎症反应是哮喘的核心机制。异常免疫应答会导致免疫失衡与炎性介质大量分泌, 进而驱动气道炎症与哮喘症状[33, 34]。DCs在这一过程中调控T细胞分化及Tregs的功能紊乱[34, 35]。研究表明, 免疫调节因子如IL-10和TSLP等能够通过影响DCs的表型与功能, 调节Treg与Th17的平衡以及炎症因子网络, 从而在哮喘的发病机制中起到关键作用[36]。本研究通过流式细胞术检测发现, EPC显著抑制了哮喘小鼠体内DCs和Tregs的活化, 并降低血清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-25、IL-33及TSLP的水平。以上结果表明, EPC可能通过抑制DCs介导的初始免疫应答及Tregs功能, 减少下游2型炎症因子的产生, 从而缓解气道炎症与病理损伤。
基于上述对适应性免疫应答的调控作用, 本研究进一步探索了EPC对固有免疫关键效应细胞——MCs的活化与功能的影响。MCs是驱动哮喘急性发作及2型炎症的核心效应细胞, 其活化后脱颗粒释放的多种介质是驱动气道痉挛与炎症的直接诱因[37]。研究表明, 钙离子(Ca2+) 作为MCs活化的核心信使, 其内流是触发脱颗粒过程的关键步骤[38]。JAK2/STAT3信号通路在MCs活化、功能调控和病理过程中起着重要作用。在炎症因子刺激下, JAK2被激活发生磷酸化, 随后激活其下游效应蛋白STAT3, JAK2/STAT3信号通路被异常激活后会促使MCs释放更多炎性介质, 从而加速哮喘的发生发展[37, 39, 40]。TPSAB1是MCs特异性标志物, Septin11蛋白在细胞中广泛表达, 能够在MCs的细胞膜上进行富集, 二者在MCs细胞活化过程中起重要作用[28, 41]。本研究发现EPC处理显著降低了肺组织中MCs的数量、钙离子水平及活化标志物TPSAB1和Septin11表达, 同时抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的磷酸化, 并减少了血清中脱颗粒产物mMCP-1、MCT-β、LTC4及HIS的浓度。提示EPC可通过阻断JAK2/STAT3通路抑制MCs活化及脱颗粒过程来缓解哮喘气道炎症与高反应性。
为了阐明EPC平喘药效发挥中JAK2/STAT3通路与免疫、炎症反应之间的联系, 本研究设计了体外共培养实验对其进行探讨。细胞共培养是一种在体外将不同种类的细胞放在同一环境中共同培养的技术[42]。细胞共培养的优势在于能够更接近体内真实的生理状态, 可以更好地研究细胞之间的相互作用、信号传递及对彼此功能的影响, 被广泛应用于现代生物医学的研究中。脾脏是机体重要的免疫器官之一, 是机体细胞免疫和体液免疫的重要场所。本研究建立了小鼠原代脾细胞与肺上皮细胞的共培养体系。实验结果表明, EPC纠正免疫失衡(降低Th17细胞比例, 升高Treg细胞比例) 并抑制炎症因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平。而JAK2/STAT3抑制剂AG490逆转上述所有效应。提示EPC在模拟体内环境中, 可能通过调控JAK2/STAT3通路, 纠正Th17/Treg免疫失衡并抑制Th2型炎症, 从而缓解哮喘的免疫炎症反应。
综上所述, 在哮喘的进展中免疫和炎症反应相互交织, 构成疾病病理的核心驱动力。EPC通过抑制JAK2/STAT3通路, 多层次调控免疫-炎症网络, 综合改善气道炎症、高反应性及免疫失衡, 为哮喘治疗提供了新的潜在策略。本研究存在一定的局限性, 在加入AG490抑制剂后, 其作用与EPC存在显著差异, 这可能源于AG490作为单靶点抑制剂在复杂炎症网络中的局限性, 而EPC可能通过多靶点调节免疫平衡, 如同时影响Th2细胞因子和气道重塑过程。AG490仅针对JAK2/STAT3通路, 而EPC作为天然化合物, 可能同时调节其他关键通路, 从而更全面地缓解哮喘病理特征。这些局限性提示未来研究可通过转录组学或蛋白组学技术进一步阐明其多靶点机制, 为临床应用提供更可靠的依据。

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2026年第61卷第4期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1194
  • 接收时间:2025-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-04-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
  • 修回日期:2025-12-15
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    1河南中医药大学, 河南 郑州 450046
    2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
    3呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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