Article(id=1308828832984031406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1190, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1759939200000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-09, revisedDate=1764000000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789978710647, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1773244800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789978710647, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789978710647, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789978710647, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308828670878376007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='3', pageStart='677', pageEnd='1000', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773244800000', pubDateStr='2026-03-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789978671998, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984247322, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852055549248371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852055549248372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=778, endPage=787, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308828833286021295, articleId=1308828832984031406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Targets and mechanisms of Aglaia odorata Lour. in protecting PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced injury, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on our previous finding that the traditional Chinese medicine Aglaia odorata Lour. exhibited therapeutic effects against ischemic stroke, this study aimed to identify its target proteins with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) combined with thermal proteome profiling (TPP) strategy using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell, and explore the target-associated signaling pathways to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects. The results showed that A. odorata exerted a protective effect on OGD/R-induced neuronal cell injury by significantly increasing the viability of PC12 cells and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Target identification revealed 28 proteins as potential targets of A. odorata, predominantly associated with energy metabolism-related signaling pathways, including carbon metabolism. Additionally, the verification results of the biological functions of the target group indicated that A. odorata increased the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells, enhanced the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced the production of mitochondrial superoxide, increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and upregulated the protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). In conclusion, A. odorata could alleviate OGD/R-induced neuronal cell injury and exhibit significant neuroprotective activity, possibly through the regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway and improvement of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.

, authors=Cheng-long KANG, Wang-xiao TAN, Meng DING, Ke-wu ZENG, Peng-fei TU, Xiao ZHANG*, Yong JIANG*, authorsList=Cheng-long KANG, Wang-xiao TAN, Meng DING, Ke-wu ZENG, Peng-fei TU, Xiao ZHANG, Yong JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao ZHANG, Yong JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308828835974570172, articleId=1308828832984031406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=米仔兰抗PC12细胞OGD/R损伤的靶点与作用机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究在课题组前期发现中药米仔兰(Aglaia odorata Lour.) 具有抗缺血性脑卒中药效的基础上, 采用大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤(rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, PC12) 细胞氧糖剥夺/再复(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, OGD/R) 模型, 利用细胞培养条件下稳定同位素标记(stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC) 结合热蛋白质组学(thermal proteome profiling, TPP) 技术鉴定米仔兰提取物的直接作用靶点群, 并探究靶点相关信号通路, 探讨米仔兰神经保护作用的分子机制。研究发现, 米仔兰对OGD/R诱导的神经细胞损伤具有保护作用, 可显著提高PC12细胞存活率、降低乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 释放和活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平; 靶点鉴定发现28个蛋白可能是米仔兰潜在的作用靶点, 靶点功能主要与碳代谢等能量代谢信号通路相关。对靶点群的生物功能验证结果表明, 米仔兰可增加OGD/R诱导的PC12细胞腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate, ATP) 含量、提高线粒体呼吸链复合物活性、升高线粒体膜电位、减少线粒体超氧化物生成, 并上调AMP活化的蛋白质激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK) 磷酸化水平及沉默调节蛋白1 (sirtuin 1, SIRT1) 和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC-1α) 的表达。综上所述, 米仔兰能够改善OGD/R诱导的神经细胞损伤, 具有显著的神经保护活性, 其作用机制可能与调控AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α通路、改善线粒体功能和能量代谢有关。

, authors=亢成龙, 谭旺晓, 丁梦, 曾克武, 屠鹏飞, 张笑*, 姜勇*, authorsList=亢成龙, 谭旺晓, 丁梦, 曾克武, 屠鹏飞, 张笑, 姜勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张笑, 姜勇, authorNote=

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

亢成龙负责细胞培养、试剂盒检测、蛋白表达检测等实验操作及数据处理与文章撰写; 谭旺晓负责SILAC-TPP靶点鉴定、实验操作指导、课题研究思路与方案设计及论文修改; 丁梦负责化学成分测定与分析; 曾克武负责实验材料收集与课题指导; 屠鹏飞负责基原鉴定与课题指导; 张笑负责指导实验及论文修改; 姜勇负责课题资金、论文选题与指导及文章修改与审阅。

, correspAuthorsNote=
张笑, Tel: 86-10-82802859, E-mail:
姜勇, Tel: 86-10-82802719, E-mail:
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A: Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining (scale bar: 50 µm); B: Mitochondrial ROS levels were detected by MitoSOX red staining (scale bar: 200 µm); C-E: The ATP content and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity were detected by ATP detection kit (C) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ/Ⅱ detection kits (D, E). n = 6, x±s #P < 0.05, ####P < 0.000 1 vs control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.000 1 vs OGD/R group, figureFileSmall=ZADLN2uGo3zYTjbC90NMEQ==, figureFileBig=Wq2FjOe0aYI5k53ejbiKjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308834342273638987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308828832984031406, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wMNAD6naJOQ/2JLRdfnv5w==, figureFileBig=PtRII5a5jK0HB+6jDaRvzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308834342353330764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308828832984031406, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=ELA regulates the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. A, B: qRT-PCR analysis of PGC-1α and SIRT1 gene expressions; C-F: Western blot analysis of p-AMPK/AMPK, PGC-1α, and SIRT1 protein expressions. n = 3, x±s #P < 0.05, ####P < 0.000 1 vs control group; ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs OGD/R group. AMPK: Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; SIRT1: Sirtuin-1; PGC-1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, figureFileSmall=wMNAD6naJOQ/2JLRdfnv5w==, figureFileBig=PtRII5a5jK0HB+6jDaRvzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308834342428828237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308828832984031406, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward (5′-3′)Reverse (5′-3′)
SIRT1AGCATCTGGTATCCCTGCCTCATCACGTCAGCCCGTATGT
PGC-1αTGTTCCCGATCACCATATTCCGTATTCATCCCTCTTGAGCCTTT
β-actinGGCTGTATTCCCCTCCATCGCCAGTTGGTAACAATGCCATGT
), ArticleFig(id=1308834342495937102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308828832984031406, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences for PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward (5′-3′)Reverse (5′-3′)
SIRT1AGCATCTGGTATCCCTGCCTCATCACGTCAGCCCGTATGT
PGC-1αTGTTCCCGATCACCATATTCCGTATTCATCCCTCTTGAGCCTTT
β-actinGGCTGTATTCCCCTCCATCGCCAGTTGGTAACAATGCCATGT
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米仔兰抗PC12细胞OGD/R损伤的靶点与作用机制研究
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亢成龙 , 谭旺晓 , 丁梦 , 曾克武 , 屠鹏飞 , 张笑 * , 姜勇 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(3): 778-787
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (3) : 778 -787
米仔兰抗PC12细胞OGD/R损伤的靶点与作用机制研究
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亢成龙, 谭旺晓, 丁梦, 曾克武, 屠鹏飞, 张笑* , 姜勇*
作者信息
  • 北京大学, 天然药物及仿生药物全国重点实验室, 北京 100191
通讯作者:
张笑, Tel: 86-10-82802859, E-mail:
姜勇, Tel: 86-10-82802719, E-mail:
作者简介:

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

亢成龙负责细胞培养、试剂盒检测、蛋白表达检测等实验操作及数据处理与文章撰写; 谭旺晓负责SILAC-TPP靶点鉴定、实验操作指导、课题研究思路与方案设计及论文修改; 丁梦负责化学成分测定与分析; 曾克武负责实验材料收集与课题指导; 屠鹏飞负责基原鉴定与课题指导; 张笑负责指导实验及论文修改; 姜勇负责课题资金、论文选题与指导及文章修改与审阅。

Targets and mechanisms of Aglaia odorata Lour. in protecting PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced injury
Cheng-long KANG, Wang-xiao TAN, Meng DING, Ke-wu ZENG, Peng-fei TU, Xiao ZHANG* , Yong JIANG*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
出版时间: 2026-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1190
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本研究在课题组前期发现中药米仔兰(Aglaia odorata Lour.) 具有抗缺血性脑卒中药效的基础上, 采用大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤(rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, PC12) 细胞氧糖剥夺/再复(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, OGD/R) 模型, 利用细胞培养条件下稳定同位素标记(stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC) 结合热蛋白质组学(thermal proteome profiling, TPP) 技术鉴定米仔兰提取物的直接作用靶点群, 并探究靶点相关信号通路, 探讨米仔兰神经保护作用的分子机制。研究发现, 米仔兰对OGD/R诱导的神经细胞损伤具有保护作用, 可显著提高PC12细胞存活率、降低乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 释放和活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平; 靶点鉴定发现28个蛋白可能是米仔兰潜在的作用靶点, 靶点功能主要与碳代谢等能量代谢信号通路相关。对靶点群的生物功能验证结果表明, 米仔兰可增加OGD/R诱导的PC12细胞腺苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate, ATP) 含量、提高线粒体呼吸链复合物活性、升高线粒体膜电位、减少线粒体超氧化物生成, 并上调AMP活化的蛋白质激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK) 磷酸化水平及沉默调节蛋白1 (sirtuin 1, SIRT1) 和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC-1α) 的表达。综上所述, 米仔兰能够改善OGD/R诱导的神经细胞损伤, 具有显著的神经保护活性, 其作用机制可能与调控AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α通路、改善线粒体功能和能量代谢有关。

米仔兰  /  神经保护  /  氧糖剥夺/再复  /  靶点鉴定  /  线粒体  /  能量代谢

Based on our previous finding that the traditional Chinese medicine Aglaia odorata Lour. exhibited therapeutic effects against ischemic stroke, this study aimed to identify its target proteins with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) combined with thermal proteome profiling (TPP) strategy using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell, and explore the target-associated signaling pathways to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects. The results showed that A. odorata exerted a protective effect on OGD/R-induced neuronal cell injury by significantly increasing the viability of PC12 cells and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Target identification revealed 28 proteins as potential targets of A. odorata, predominantly associated with energy metabolism-related signaling pathways, including carbon metabolism. Additionally, the verification results of the biological functions of the target group indicated that A. odorata increased the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in OGD/R-induced PC12 cells, enhanced the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced the production of mitochondrial superoxide, increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and upregulated the protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). In conclusion, A. odorata could alleviate OGD/R-induced neuronal cell injury and exhibit significant neuroprotective activity, possibly through the regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway and improvement of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.

Aglaia odorata Lour.  /  neuroprotection  /  oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery  /  target identification  /  mitochondria  /  energy metabolism
亢成龙, 谭旺晓, 丁梦, 曾克武, 屠鹏飞, 张笑, 姜勇. 米仔兰抗PC12细胞OGD/R损伤的靶点与作用机制研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (3) : 778 -787 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1190
Cheng-long KANG, Wang-xiao TAN, Meng DING, Ke-wu ZENG, Peng-fei TU, Xiao ZHANG, Yong JIANG. Targets and mechanisms of Aglaia odorata Lour. in protecting PC12 cells against OGD/R-induced injury[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (3) : 778 -787 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1190
脑卒中是全球死亡的第二大原因, 其中缺血性脑卒中占脑卒中的80%以上, 具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率和预后极差的特点, 且存活的患者大多有严重残疾[1-3]。目前, 治疗缺血性脑卒中最有效的策略是通过静脉注射组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA) 进行溶栓治疗, 但临床使用受到高度限制, 仅适用于急性期, 只有3小时治疗窗, 且临床疗效非常低[4]。随着对缺血性脑卒中机制认知的深入和临床溶栓药物疗效的局限性, 人们意识到仅在脑卒中后扩张脑血管、稳定斑块和改善脑循环是不够的, 阻止神经细胞凋亡、提高细胞能量代谢水平[5]、降低氧化应激水平[6]等对脑卒中后神经保护也同样重要。因此, 如何克服缺血性脑卒中引起的神经细胞损伤所致的多种病理学效应、减少卒中引起重度残废、偏瘫, 寻找防治缺血性脑卒中的新颖药物和治疗靶标, 成为全世界医药界治疗缺血性脑病的重点研究课题。
脑卒中属于中医学“中风”范畴[7]。中医药具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的治疗作用, 其治疗缺血性脑卒中历史悠久、疗效确切, 在缺血性脑卒中进展的神经炎症、氧化应激、能量代谢障碍等多个病理环节具有独特的作用[8, 9]。但由于成分复杂, 中药的作用靶点和机制不清楚, 严重限制了其现代临床应用。因此, 采用现代科学技术, 揭示抗脑缺血中药的直接作用靶点及分子机制, 对于中药的现代化发展具有重要意义。
中药米仔兰为楝科米仔兰属植物米仔兰(Aglaia odorata Lour.) 的枝叶, 《中华本草》描述其功能主治为祛风湿、散瘀肿; 主治风湿关节痛、跌打损伤、痈疽肿毒[10]。米仔兰的主要化学成分包括三萜类、Flavaglines类、酰胺类、甾体类及木脂素类等[11]。课题组在筛选抗缺血性脑卒中药物中, 首次发现米仔兰具有抗脑缺血的作用, 其对中脑动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) 模型大鼠的脑损伤具有明显的保护作用, 可以有效减少MCAO所致的脑梗死面积, 逆转皮质和海马体损伤[12], 但米仔兰抗脑缺血的作用靶点和分子机制尚不清楚。本研究通过建立大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤(rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, PC12) 细胞氧糖剥夺/再复(oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, OGD/R) 模型模拟体外脑缺血再灌注损伤, 研究米仔兰的神经保护作用, 利用细胞培养条件下稳定同位素标记(stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC) 技术结合热蛋白质组学(thermal proteome profiling, TPP) 技术鉴定米仔兰的直接作用靶点群, 并对靶点蛋白进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析, 进而基于靶点的生物学功能探讨了米仔兰神经保护的作用机制。
药品与试剂   米仔兰收集于四川省宁南县上务旭村, 经北京大学药学院屠鹏飞教授鉴定为楝科米仔兰属植物米仔兰(Aglaia odorata Lour.) 的干燥嫩枝叶, 标本贮存于北京大学天然药物及仿生药物全国重点实验室(No. 20220620)。Earle's平衡盐溶液(货号: BB-43094) 购自贝博生物; RPMI 1640培养基(货号: C1187550B)、MitoSOX Red (货号: M36007) 购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司; 0.25%胰酶-EDTA消化液(货号: CC017)、青霉素-链霉素混合溶液(货号: CC004) 购自北京中科迈晨科技有限公司; 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS, 货号: AB-FBS-0500) 购自上海诺娃医药科技有限公司; 噻唑蓝[3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT, 货号: M8180] 购自Sigma公司; 结晶紫染色液(货号: C0121)、腺苷三磷酸(ATP) 检测试剂盒(货号: S0026)、JC-1检测试剂盒(货号: C2006) 购自江苏碧云天生物科技有限公司; BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(货号: DQ111) 购自北京全式金生物技术有限公司; ROS检测试剂盒(货号: CA1410)、线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ活力检测试剂盒(货号: BC0510)、线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ活力检测试剂盒(货号: BC3230) 购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司; AMP活化的蛋白质激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK) 抗体(货号: 10929-2-AP)、p-AMPK抗体(货号: 839241-1-RR)、过氧化物酶体增殖体激活受体γ共激活因子1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha, PGC-1α) 抗体(货号: 66369-1-Ig) 购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司; 沉默调节蛋白1 (sirtuin-1, SIRT1) 抗体(货号: RM5031)、β-actin抗体(货号: B8010) 购自苏州博奥龙科技有限公司; All-in-one RT SuperMix Perfect for qPCR (货号: R333-01)、Cell Tissue Total RNA Isolation Kit V2 (货号: RC112-01)、Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix (货号: Q712-02) 购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司。
主要仪器   1300 series 2生物安全柜、EVOS M5000倒置荧光显微镜、超低温冰箱、二维纳升高效液相色谱仪串联线性离子阱质谱(nano-HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap/MS) (美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); Sanyo MCO-15AC细胞培养箱(日本SANYO公司); TW20恒温水浴(德国Julabo公司); DXS-3台式显微镜(上海缔伦光学仪器有限公司); TDL-5-A低速离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂); BP211D精密分析天平(德国Sartorius公司); 缺氧盒、缺氧袋(日本三菱); Sunrise-Basic酶标仪(瑞士TECAN公司); 多功能酶标仪(美国PerkinElmer公司)。
米仔兰提取物(extract from leaves of A. odorata, ELA) 的制备   将米仔兰干燥嫩枝叶研磨成粉末, 取粉末20 g, 加入8倍量95% EtOH, 超声提取1 h。过滤滤液, 减压浓缩, 冻干, 得棕色固体粉末(1.76 g)。使用DMSO配制米仔兰母液, 浓度为50 mg·mL-1, 随后采用完全培养基进行梯度稀释, 工作浓度依次为50、100和200 ng·mL-1。
ELA成分测定   取适量ELA, 加95%乙醇溶解, 经0.22 µm微孔滤膜过滤, 续滤液作为供试品溶液。HPLC色谱条件为Luna C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm); 柱温: 30 ℃; 检测波长: 210 nm; 流速: 1.0 mL·min-1; 进样量: 30 µL; 流动相: 水(A) -乙腈(B), 二元线性梯度洗脱, 条件如下: 0~60 min, 5%~100% B。
细胞培养   本研究使用高分化PC12细胞, 购于中国科学院细胞库。将PC12细胞复苏后, 加入完全培养基中, 置于37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中培养。显微镜下观察细胞在培养箱中长到80%~90%时, 即可用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化并传代至新的完全培养基中培养。
OGD/R模型建立及细胞给药   细胞接种后培养24 h使细胞贴壁, 更换为无糖培养基(Earle's平衡盐溶液) 或含有不同浓度ELA的无糖培养基, 置于加入缺氧袋的缺氧盒中密闭培养6 h, 然后更换为完全培养基或含有不同浓度ELA的完全培养基, 并置于37 ℃、5% CO2的培养箱中复氧糖培养16 h。正常组不缺氧缺糖处理, 用完全培养基按照同样方法相应处理。
MTT法检测细胞活力   将对数生长期的PC12细胞以5×103个/孔的密度接种于96孔板中, OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 吸弃所有培养基, 每孔加入100 μL MTT工作液, 37 ℃避光孵育4 h。4 h后吸弃所有工作液, 每孔加入150 μL DMSO, 振荡10 min使蓝紫色结晶甲瓒完全溶解, 酶标仪检测570 nm波长吸光度值, 计算细胞存活率。
细胞LDH释放检测   将对数生长期的PC12细胞以5×103个/孔的密度接种于96孔板中, 经OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 取细胞上清液转移至新的96孔板中。每孔加入等体积的LDH检测工作液, 充分混匀后于37 ℃避光孵育30 min。孵育结束后, 使用酶标仪检测490 nm波长处的吸光度值, 依据试剂盒标准曲线计算LDH释放量。
结晶紫染色   将PC12细胞以5×103个/孔的密度接种于96孔板中, OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 吸弃所有培养基, PBS清洗3次后加入4%多聚甲醛室温固定细胞10 min。接着弃固定液, PBS清洗3次, 加入结晶紫染色液室温孵育10 min。最后, 弃去染色液, PBS清洗3次, 加入100 μL PBS后于显微镜下观察细胞形态并采集图像。
基于SILAC技术的TPP分析   取对数生长期的PC12细胞, 将其正常培养基替换为SILAC重标培养基(含13C615N2-赖氨酸和13C615N4-精氨酸) 或轻标培养基(含12C614N2-赖氨酸和12C614N4-精氨酸) 进行培养和传代, 持续传代至同位素标记效率达95%以上得到重标和轻标的PC12细胞。向重标记的PC12细胞中加入ELA, 轻标的细胞中加入等量DMSO, 同时将两组细胞进行OGD/R造模, 并收集细胞, 于60 ℃加热3 min。使用液氮将加热后的细胞反复冻融裂解细胞, 于4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心20 min, 收集上清, 将重标和轻标的PC12细胞裂解液以1∶1的比例混合, 酶解后利用nano-HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap/MS鉴定蛋白。流动相为0.1%甲酸-水(A)、0.1%甲酸乙腈(B); 梯度洗脱程序为: 0~70 min, 2%~40% B; 70~75 min, 40%~95% B; 75~95 min, 95% B。质谱条件为: 电喷雾电压1.8 kV, 正离子模式, 全扫描范围设置为m/z 350~2 000。利用Thermo Proteome Discoverer的检索软件SEQUEST对肽段进行检索匹配。
靶点蛋白生物学功能分析   对质谱鉴定的蛋白结果进行分析。筛选出重标组(米仔兰) 与轻标组(DMSO) 比值大于1.5倍, 且显著性P < 0.05的蛋白, 并利用Uniprot数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P09972/entry) 对这些差异蛋白进行初步功能注释, 得到米仔兰潜在的作用靶点群。进而基于在线网站Metascape (https://metascape.org/gp/index.html) 和KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) 数据库对靶点群进行GO (gene ontology) 功能分析和KEGG通路分析, 设定种属为大鼠, P < 0.05为富集检验显著性阈值。通过在线网站微生信(https://bioinformatics.com.cn) 对富集结果进行可视化处理。
细胞内ROS水平检测   将PC12细胞以8×104个/孔的密度接种于48孔板, OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 采用2, 7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA) 探针检测细胞内ROS水平: 按照1∶1 000用无血清培养液稀释DCFH-DA, 弃去细胞培养液, PBS清洗3次, 将稀释好的DCFH-DA加入到细胞培养板中, 37 ℃避光孵育20 min; 弃去DCFH-DA, 用无血清细胞培养液洗涤细胞3次, 再次加入培养基后用EVOS M5000荧光显微镜观察并采集图像。
ATP含量检测  将PC12细胞以1×105个/孔的密度接种于6孔板, OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 收集细胞检测ATP含量, 按照试剂盒说明书操作, 使用多功能酶标仪的化学发光检测RLU值, 根据标准曲线计算样品中的ATP浓度。
线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性检测    将PC12细胞以1×105个/孔的密度接种于6孔板, OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 收集细胞检测线粒体呼吸链复合物活性, 按照试剂盒说明书操作。
细胞线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP) 检测   将PC12细胞以8×104个/孔的密度接种于48孔板, OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 采用JC-1染色检测细胞MMP: 按照试剂盒说明书配制JC-1染色工作液及染色缓冲液, 吸弃细胞培养基, PBS清洗3次, 加入JC-1染色工作液, 放入细胞培养箱孵育20 min, 加入JC-1染色缓冲液清洗2次, 用EVOS M5000荧光显微镜观察并采集图像。采用ImageJ软件分析MMP变化情况。
MitoSOX red染色   将PC12细胞以8×104个/孔的密度接种于48孔板, OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 采用MitoSOX red染色检测细胞线粒体内的超氧化物: 按照试剂盒说明书配制MitoSOX red染色工作液及染色缓冲液, 吸弃细胞培养基, PBS清洗3次, 加入MitoSOX red染色工作液, 放入细胞培养箱孵育30 min, 加入PBS清洗2次, 用EVOS M5000荧光显微镜观察并采集图像。采用ImageJ软件分析线粒体内的超氧化物水平。
实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR) 分析   PC12细胞进行OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 收集细胞按照试剂盒说明书提取总RNA, 并逆转录为cDNA, 进行RT-qPCR分析。所有引物均采用NCBI的Primer-BLAST在线工具设计。具体设计步骤如下: 从NCBI数据库获取目标基因的参考序列, 结合Primer3软件自动生成备选引物; 随后利用BLAST功能对引物特异性进行验证。PCR引物由睿博兴科生物技术有限公司合成, 引物序列见表1。
蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot) 分析   PC12细胞进行OGD/R造模及给药处理后, 收细胞并加入含1%蛋白磷酸酶抑制剂和1% PMSF的RIPA裂解液提取细胞总蛋白, 采用BCA法检测蛋白浓度, 调整各组细胞蛋白浓度加入5×蛋白上样缓冲液, 于100 ℃金属浴中煮5 min使蛋白变性; 取蛋白样品进行SDS-PAGE电泳, 并将蛋白转移至PVDF膜上, 5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h, 加入相应一抗, 4 ℃摇床孵育过夜; 次日TBST洗膜3次, 并将PVDF膜置于二抗中室温孵育2 h; TBST洗膜3次, 用超敏感型化学发光试剂显影, 采用Tanon-5200显影仪拍照。使用ImageJ软件分析蛋白的相对表达量。
统计学分析   所有实验数据用均值±标准差(x±s) 表示。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0.0软件对实验结果进行统计学分析, 并绘制数据图, 通过单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 和t检验比较各组数据, P < 0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
采用HPLC建立了ELA的化学指纹图谱, 以对提取物进行质控, 保持批次间的稳定性和重现性。经优化得到的ELA指纹图谱见图1。进一步采用课题组前期分离的化合物对图谱中7个明显的色谱峰进行了指认, 分别为odorinol、odorine、4′, 5, 7-trimethoxydihydroflavonol、eudesmin、5, 7, 4′-trimethoxyflavanone、aglaxiflorin D和5-hydroxy-7, 4′-dimethoxyflavanone。
采用MTT法检测细胞存活率, 结果显示(图2A), 与正常组相比, OGD/R造模后细胞活力显著下降(P < 0.01); 与OGD/R组相比, 米仔兰给药组(50和200 ng·mL-1) 的细胞活力显著升高(P < 0.05)。LDH检测结果如图2B所示, 与正常组相比, OGD/R造模后细胞LDH释放显著增加(P < 0.000 1), 米仔兰给药处理后, LDH释放呈剂量依赖性显著降低(P < 0.05, P < 0.000 1)。结晶紫染色结果(图2C) 显示, 与正常组比, OGD/R造模后细胞皱缩、形态变圆的比例增多, 米仔兰明显增加存活细胞数量、改善细胞形态。ROS检测结果如图2D所示, OGD/R造模后, 绿色荧光明显增多, 提示细胞内ROS水平升高, 而米仔兰给药后各浓度组绿色荧光强度均明显降低, 说明米仔兰可减少OGD/R诱导的PC12细胞内ROS生成。以上结果表明, 米仔兰可以有效保护OGD/R诱导的神经细胞损伤。
采用SILAC结合TPP技术对米仔兰提取物神经保护作用的靶点群进行鉴定, 靶点鉴定流程如图3A所示。经高分辨质谱鉴定, 共得到1 602个蛋白, 靶点蛋白火山图如图3B所示, 米仔兰组与空白组比高于1.5倍且显著性P < 0.05的蛋白有61个。接着, 通过Uniprot数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P09972/entry) 对61个潜在靶点进行初步功能注释, 根据靶点功能去除核糖体蛋白和细胞骨架蛋白, 得到28个与米仔兰药理作用相关的蛋白, 即为米仔兰作用靶点群。其中, 果糖二磷酸醛缩酶C (aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate C, ALDOC) 是醛缩酶家族成员, 催化糖酵解的关键步骤, 在中枢神经系统中含量丰富, 其表达与神经元损伤、阿尔茨海默病和创伤性脑损伤相关[13, 14]。研究表明, 糖酵解代谢中间产物果糖-1, 6-二磷酸和醛缩酶介导AMPK的葡萄糖感应从而激活AMPK, 活化的AMPK可诱导自噬发生, 而适度的自噬在缺血性脑卒中的保护中具有关键作用[15, 16], 据此推测, 米仔兰可能通过靶向ALDOC调控糖酵解和自噬途径改善脑缺血损伤。线粒体谷氨酸脱氢酶1 (GLUD1) 催化谷氨酸脱氨生成α-酮戊二酸, 神经元特异性GLUD1过表达引发谷氨酸能信号增强、突触谷氨酸释放增加, 导致神经元兴奋性损伤[17], 推测米仔兰可能通过作用于GLUD1调节谷氨酸水平, 减轻神经兴奋性毒性, 从而发挥神经保护作用。L-木酮糖还原酶(DCXR) 属于短链脱氢酶/还原酶超家族, 主要通过还原L-木酮糖等单糖及α-二羰基化合物参与糖代谢、碳水化合物代谢[18], 因此推测米仔兰可能通过调节DCXR酶活调控能量代谢改善脑缺血损伤。
为了进一步探究米仔兰作用靶点群的整体生物学功能, 作者对筛选得到的28个蛋白进行了GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。GO功能分析得到米仔兰靶点群在生物过程(biological process)、细胞组成(cellular component) 和分子功能(molecular function) 分类上的富集趋势, 图4A分别展示了排名TOP5的富集条目。其中, 米仔兰靶点群参与的生物过程主要包括核苷磷酸盐代谢过程(nucleoside phosphate metabolic process)、含核碱基的小分子代谢过程(nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process)、含嘌呤化合物代谢过程(purine-containing compound metabolic process) 等。分子功能主要包括ATP依赖性蛋白折叠伴侣(ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone)、ATP水解活性(ATP hydrolysis activity)、ATP依赖性活性(ATP-dependent activity) 等。在缺血条件下, 一方面缺氧缺糖会抑制线粒体呼吸进而抑制ATP合成, 另一方面MMP丧失引发ATP酶水解ATP, 最终导致能量耗竭和细胞死亡[19], 据此推测, 米仔兰可能通过调控ATP代谢相关功能起到神经保护作用。
KEGG富集分析得到米仔兰可能作用的信号通路(图4B), 主要集中在碳代谢(carbon metabolism)、氨基酸的生物合成(biosynthesis of amino acids)、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢(alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism) 等代谢相关通路。缺氧可以触发HIF-1驱动的碳代谢重编程, 使星形胶质细胞优先转入有氧糖酵解, 通过乳酸转运阻断限制糖酵解能量的产生, 降低神经元对缺血应激的易感性[20], 据此推测米仔兰可能通过调控碳代谢以起到神经保护作用。此外, 谷氨酸和天冬氨酸是神经系统中的兴奋性氨基酸, 脑缺血引起谷氨酸和天冬氨酸浓度升高, 其介导的神经毒性是引起脑卒中后神经元损伤的主要机制[21, 22], 因此米仔兰可能通过调节氨基酸的合成及天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路降低兴奋性氨基酸毒性, 发挥神经保护作用。
通过靶点群生物学功能分析, 推测米仔兰可能通过改善线粒体功能, 从而调控细胞能量代谢发挥神经保护作用。因此, 对能量代谢相关指标进行检测以确证米仔兰的作用机制。MMP是线粒体功能的关键指标, 为研究米仔兰对MMP的影响, 采用JC-1荧光探针检测MMP。结果(图5A) 显示, 与正常组相比, PC12细胞OGD/R损伤后绿色荧光增强, 膜电位显著降低, ELA干预后红色荧光比例升高, 膜电位显著提升(P < 0.05, P < 0.000 1)。线粒体超氧化物染色结果(图5B) 显示, OGD/R处理显著增加了PC12细胞线粒体中的超氧阴离子生成, 表现为红色荧光强度的显著增加(P < 0.000 1), 而ELA处理后荧光强度显著降低(P < 0.01)。进一步对细胞中ATP含量进行检测, 结果显示(图5C), OGD/R造模后细胞ATP含量显著下降(P < 0.000 1), 而米仔兰给药组的细胞ATP含量显著升高(P < 0.01, P < 0.000 1)。线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ活性检测结果(图5D、E) 表明, 与模型组相比, 50 ng·mL-1 ELA干预OGD/R诱导的PC12细胞24 h, 可显著提升线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ水平(P < 0.05, P < 0.01)。以上结果表明, 米仔兰可改善OGD/R诱导的神经细胞线粒体损伤, 调控线粒体能量代谢。
AMPK是主要的细胞代谢能量传感器和能量稳态调节剂, 可激活NAD+依赖的去乙酰化酶SIRT1/PGC-1α促进线粒体生物发生和功能, 从而调节能量稳态[23-25]。因此, 基于上述研究结果选择与能量代谢和线粒体功能密切相关的AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α信号通路验证米仔兰的神经保护作用机制。如图6A、B结果所示, 与正常组相比, PC12细胞OGD/R损伤后PGC-1α和SIRT1的mRNA表达水平显著降低(P < 0.000 1), 而ELA给药组显著增加了PGC-1α、SIRT1 mRNA表达水平(P < 0.001)。如图6C~F所示, PC12细胞OGD/R损伤后, p-AMPK/AMPK、SIRT1和PGC1α蛋白表达水平降低(P < 0.05), 而米仔兰给药组则能显著增加p-AMPK/AMPK、SIRT1和PGC1α的蛋白表达水平(P < 0.000 1、P < 0.001、P < 0.001)。
本研究在课题组前期发现中药米仔兰具有抗缺血性脑卒中药效的基础上, 整合TPP靶点鉴定技术、体外细胞实验及分子机制验证等研究手段, 系统揭示了米仔兰的神经保护作用机制: 米仔兰可通过激活AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α信号通路, 改善线粒体功能障碍与细胞能量代谢紊乱, 进而减轻OGD/R诱导的PC12细胞损伤, 为米仔兰治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床应用提供了实验支撑。
中药作用靶点的揭示可从源头上诠释其药理作用机制, 但基于化学标记的药物靶点鉴定方法并不适合中药多成分复杂体系的靶点群鉴定。TPP技术[26, 27]又称CETSA-MS, 是将CETSA方法与多重质谱法联用, 利用蛋白质与小分子结合时构象发生改变引起蛋白质热稳定性变化来发现药物靶点, 是目前应用广泛的非化学修饰药物靶点发现技术。相较于依赖探针设计的化学修饰钓靶方法, TPP技术无需对化学成分进行结构改造, 有效规避了标记基团对活性成分构象及靶点结合能力的干扰, 更契合中药多成分协同作用的天然属性, 为中药复杂体系的功效诠释提供了有效策略。SILAC技术[28]是经典的定量蛋白质组学技术, 其原理是用稳定同位素(重标) 和天然同位素(轻标) 标记的氨基酸替换培养基中原有的氨基酸, 使稳定同位素标记的氨基酸在细胞新合成蛋白质中替代原有氨基酸, 进而利用高分辨质谱精确定量稳定同位素标记的蛋白质。在药物靶点鉴定中引入该技术可实现实验组和对照组的蛋白准确定量, 从而鉴定细胞内低丰度的蛋白, 更加灵敏高效发现药物的潜在靶点蛋白。本研究基于SILAC-TPP技术成功富集到米仔兰神经保护作用的核心靶点群, 包括ALDOC、GLUD1、DCXR等, 这些靶点参与细胞能量代谢、氧化还原调节等生物学过程, 与缺血性脑卒中的病理机制高度相关, 印证了SILAC-TPP技术在中药复杂体系靶点筛选中的精准性。
进一步实验验证结果显示, 在OGD/R模型中, PC12细胞出现ATP水平下降、ROS蓄积及MMP失衡等典型损伤特征, 经米仔兰干预后均得到显著改善, 证实了米仔兰对线粒体功能和能量代谢的调控作用。基于靶点鉴定发现的关键蛋白—ALDOC参与调控糖酵解等步骤, 其催化底物果糖-1, 6-二磷酸已被报道是激活AMPK通路的上游信号[15, 16], 并且该蛋白在中枢神经系统中含量丰富, 与神经元损伤、阿尔茨海默病和创伤性脑损伤相关[13, 14]。基于前述实验证实米仔兰醇提物能显著改善线粒体功能, 而AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α是调控线粒体生物合成与能量代谢的核心通路[29]。因此, 本课题组推测ELA可能通过调控AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α通路来改善线粒体功能, 并开展了验证。
AMPK作为关键的能量应激传感器, 其磷酸化激活可增强线粒体电子传递效率[30]; SIRT1在NAD⁺/NADH水平升高时被激活, 通过去乙酰化作用上调PGC-1α活性[31]; 而PGC-1α作为线粒体生物发生的核心调控因子, 可促进呼吸链复合物表达, 最终恢复氧化磷酸化功能并增加ATP生成[32]。本研究发现, 米仔兰可逆转OGD/R诱导的p-AMPK/AMPK、SIRT1及PGC-1α表达下调, 提示其通过激活该信号通路保护OGD/R诱导的神经细胞损伤。这些结果提示, 米仔兰可能通过改善线粒体功能调控能量代谢, 进而发挥神经保护作用, 从细胞功能和分子机制层面验证了靶点功能预测的可靠性。
本研究通过体外细胞模型证实了米仔兰醇提物对OGD/R诱导的神经损伤具有显著的保护作用, 并初步揭示了其作用与改善线粒体能量代谢密切相关, 为米仔兰的抗脑缺血活性提供了关键证据。然而, 本研究仍存在一定局限性。首先, 实验所用为总醇提物, 其成分复杂, 虽能反映药材的整体效应, 但无法完全排除其中某些杂质或非特异性成分对结果的潜在干扰。其次, 体外实验所暴露的药物成分与体内给药后实际透过血脑屏障的移行性成分可能存在差异。最后, 针对TPP所鉴定的靶点蛋白如ALDOC、GLUD1、ACAT2等有待进行深入的研究验证。未来可采用含药血清或分离纯化活性单体进行后续验证, 以精准阐明米子兰的作用靶点及其分子机制。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1190
  • 接收时间:2025-10-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09
  • 修回日期:2025-11-25
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    北京大学, 天然药物及仿生药物全国重点实验室, 北京 100191

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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