Article(id=1308828756576404035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756224000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-27, revisedDate=1759939200000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789978692430, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1773244800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789978692430, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789978692430, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789978692430, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308828670878376007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='3', pageStart='677', pageEnd='1000', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773244800000', pubDateStr='2026-03-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789978671998, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984247322, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852055549248371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852055549248372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=845, endPage=853, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308828756765147716, articleId=1308828756576404035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Synthesis and anti-colitis activity study of glycosylated phenolic derivatives, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Phenolic and flavonoid glycosides have the multi-target regulatory advantages in anti-colitis. Using lactose and galactose as starting materials, five novel phenolic glycosides G-6a, G-6b, G-9, G-13 and G-Ⅱ-3a were synthesized through glycosylation, hydrolysis, reduction, and recrystallization. Using a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium, animal experiments have been approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Ocean University of China (approval number: OUC-SMP-2024-06-05), the in vivo anti-colitis experiments showed that compound G-Ⅱ-3a exhibited significant anti-colitis effects at a daily dose of 25 mg·kg-1, effectively inhibiting weight loss in mice, reducing disease activity index scores, alleviating colonic shortening, maintaining the integrity of colonic mucosal structure, and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Its anti-inflammatory effect is superior to mesalazine. G-Ⅱ-3a can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, and NO from lipopolysaccharide induced mouse monocyte macrophages RAW264.7. Compound G-Ⅱ-3a is a potential lead compound for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

, authors=Ning LI1, Kang-kang QI2, Li-ying ZHOU2, Sheng-biao WAN2, *, authorsList=Ning LI, Kang-kang QI, Li-ying ZHOU, Sheng-biao WAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Sheng-biao WAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308828759575331411, articleId=1308828756576404035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=糖基化酚类衍生物的合成及其抗结肠炎活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

酚类与黄酮类糖苷化合物在抗结肠炎活性中存在多靶点调控优势。本研究以乳糖和半乳糖为起始原料, 经酚类化合物的糖苷化、水解、还原及重结晶等步骤, 成功合成出5个新型糖苷化合物G-6a、G-6b、G-9、G-13和G-Ⅱ-3a。采用葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型和体外抗炎实验对5个化合物进行活性评价, 动物实验经中国海洋大学动物伦理专业委员会批准, 批准文号为OUC-SMP-2024-06-05。结果表明, 化合物G-Ⅱ-3a在每天25 mg·kg-1剂量下表现出显著的抗结肠炎效果, 能够有效抑制小鼠体质量下降、降低疾病活动指数评分、缓解结肠缩短现象, 并维持结肠黏膜结构的完整性, 减少炎症细胞浸润, 其抗炎效果明显优于临床药物美沙拉嗪。同时体外研究表明, 化合物G-Ⅱ-3a能抑制脂多糖诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和NO, 是有潜力的治疗炎症性肠病的先导化合物。

, authors=李宁1, 齐康康2, 周利莹2, 万升标2, *, authorsList=李宁, 齐康康, 周利莹, 万升标, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=万升标, authorNote=

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

李宁和周利莹负责化合物的生物活性评价; 齐康康负责化合物的合成、表征、波谱数据解析; 万升标负责课题规划及论文的修改、校对。

, correspAuthorsNote=
万升标, E-mail:
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A: Changes in body weight of mice in each group in the acute colitis model; B: Disease activity index of mice in each group; C: Colon length of mice in each group. n = 10, $ \overline{x} $ ± s. ***P < 0.001. DAI: Disease activity index, figureFileSmall=e3QVc2Ot3DMRuPb08cWgUw==, figureFileBig=w+UjjlDtp1HcAohmCzWY6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308834454110568981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308828756576404035, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mFiOPnQo/msC5il2k9xglg==, figureFileBig=UeU2gNoh0ojeyNcjxBtDKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308834454190260758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308828756576404035, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of compounds G-Ⅱ-3a, G-6b, and arbutin on colitis symptoms. 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糖基化酚类衍生物的合成及其抗结肠炎活性研究
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李宁 1 , 齐康康 2 , 周利莹 2 , 万升标 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(3): 845-853
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (3) : 845 -853
糖基化酚类衍生物的合成及其抗结肠炎活性研究
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李宁1, 齐康康2, 周利莹2, 万升标2, *
作者信息
  • 1哈励逊国际和平医院肝胆胰外科, 河北 衡水 053000
  • 2中国海洋大学医药学院, 海洋药物教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003
通讯作者:
万升标, E-mail:
作者简介:

#

共同第一作者.

作者贡献:

李宁和周利莹负责化合物的生物活性评价; 齐康康负责化合物的合成、表征、波谱数据解析; 万升标负责课题规划及论文的修改、校对。

Synthesis and anti-colitis activity study of glycosylated phenolic derivatives
Ning LI1, Kang-kang QI2, Li-ying ZHOU2, Sheng-biao WAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui 053000, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
出版时间: 2026-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1010
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酚类与黄酮类糖苷化合物在抗结肠炎活性中存在多靶点调控优势。本研究以乳糖和半乳糖为起始原料, 经酚类化合物的糖苷化、水解、还原及重结晶等步骤, 成功合成出5个新型糖苷化合物G-6a、G-6b、G-9、G-13和G-Ⅱ-3a。采用葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型和体外抗炎实验对5个化合物进行活性评价, 动物实验经中国海洋大学动物伦理专业委员会批准, 批准文号为OUC-SMP-2024-06-05。结果表明, 化合物G-Ⅱ-3a在每天25 mg·kg-1剂量下表现出显著的抗结肠炎效果, 能够有效抑制小鼠体质量下降、降低疾病活动指数评分、缓解结肠缩短现象, 并维持结肠黏膜结构的完整性, 减少炎症细胞浸润, 其抗炎效果明显优于临床药物美沙拉嗪。同时体外研究表明, 化合物G-Ⅱ-3a能抑制脂多糖诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和NO, 是有潜力的治疗炎症性肠病的先导化合物。

炎症性肠病  /  抗炎活性  /  酚类化合物  /  糖苷化反应  /  糖苷化合物

Phenolic and flavonoid glycosides have the multi-target regulatory advantages in anti-colitis. Using lactose and galactose as starting materials, five novel phenolic glycosides G-6a, G-6b, G-9, G-13 and G-Ⅱ-3a were synthesized through glycosylation, hydrolysis, reduction, and recrystallization. Using a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium, animal experiments have been approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Ocean University of China (approval number: OUC-SMP-2024-06-05), the in vivo anti-colitis experiments showed that compound G-Ⅱ-3a exhibited significant anti-colitis effects at a daily dose of 25 mg·kg-1, effectively inhibiting weight loss in mice, reducing disease activity index scores, alleviating colonic shortening, maintaining the integrity of colonic mucosal structure, and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Its anti-inflammatory effect is superior to mesalazine. G-Ⅱ-3a can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, and NO from lipopolysaccharide induced mouse monocyte macrophages RAW264.7. Compound G-Ⅱ-3a is a potential lead compound for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

inflammatory bowel disease  /  anti-inflammatory activity  /  phenolic compound  /  glycosylation reaction  /  glycoside compound
李宁, 齐康康, 周利莹, 万升标. 糖基化酚类衍生物的合成及其抗结肠炎活性研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (3) : 845 -853 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1010
Ning LI, Kang-kang QI, Li-ying ZHOU, Sheng-biao WAN. Synthesis and anti-colitis activity study of glycosylated phenolic derivatives[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (3) : 845 -853 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1010
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 是一种反复发作的胃肠道慢性炎症性疾病, 临床上主要分为克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎[1, 2]。其发病机制复杂且尚未完全阐明, 目前认为, IBD的持续恶化和发病是由遗传因素、肠道微生物群和环境因素之间的相互作用导致的非适应性免疫反应所致[3]。
研究表明, 多种酚及黄酮糖苷天然产物具有抗结肠炎活性。如熊果苷通过调节肠道菌群[4]、芦丁通过抗氧化[5]、异荭草苷通过调控Gal-3/NLRP3/IL-1β信号通路[6]发挥抗结肠炎作用。此外, 如杨梅素[7]、姜黄素[8], 积雪草苷[9]、黄芩苷[10]、毛蕊花糖苷[11]、槲皮苷[12]等酚和黄酮糖苷也在小鼠结肠炎模型中显示出一定的治疗效果。
近年来的研究进一步揭示, 半乳糖凝集素3 (galectin-3, Gal-3) 在结肠炎症发病中发挥重要作用。Gal-3在结肠炎症出现高表达, 且通过激活NOD样受体蛋白结构域相关蛋白3 (NOD-like receptor-3, NLRP3) 炎性小体, 促进白细胞介素IL-1β和IL-18的分泌, 加剧结肠炎症反应与肠黏膜损伤[13]。
另一方面, 有研究发现经乳糖修饰的杨梅素衍生物M10 (图1) 表现出显著增强的抗结肠炎活性[14], 提示乳糖修饰可能是提高酚类物质抗炎效力的有效策略。乳糖和半乳糖作为Gal-3的天然受体, 与半乳糖具有较强的结合活性, 表明M10有可能通过与Gal-3结合增强抗炎作用。然而, M10是否通过调控Gal-3/NLRP3/IL-1β信号通路发挥其对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用, 目前尚不明确。因此, 本文合成并系统评估了一系列酚类乳糖或半乳糖糖苷化合物的抗炎活性, 对后续机制研究具有重要意义。
本研究通过糖基化修饰策略设计合成了5个新型酚类糖缀合物(图1)。采用葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium, DSS) 诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型进行活性评价, 探讨了糖基化修饰对化合物抗结肠炎效果的改善作用, 为开发具有肠道靶向性的新型IBD治疗药物提供实验依据。
从乳糖出发, 首先对羟基进行保护得到化合物2, 选择性水解化合物2的异头碳酯基得到化合物3, 与三氯乙腈反应得到乳糖三氯亚胺酯4。以化合物4为原料, 分别与对苄氧基苯乙醇和对苄氧基苯酚反应得到目标中间体5a、5b。最后脱去苄基和乙酰基得到目标化合物G-6a、G-6b (合成路线1)。
以化合物2为原料, 首先引入溴代烷基侧链得到化合物7, 与苄基保护的杨梅素反应得到中间体8。化合物7再与叠氮化钠反应, 经还原转化为氨基得到化合物11, 化合物11与苯甲酸衍生物经缩合反应得到化合物12。化合物8和12经过氢解脱除苄基, 再用甲醇钠脱除乙酰基得到终产物G-9和G-13 (合成路线2)。
以乙酰半乳糖为原料, 在三氟化硼乙醚催化下与对苄氧基苯酚反应得到糖苷化产物, 进一步脱苄基和乙酰基得到终产物G-Ⅱ-3a (合成路线3)。
通过DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型来研究化合物的抗结肠炎活性。结果显示, 模型组小鼠结肠黏膜呈现明显病理改变, 表面粗糙度增加, 出现颗粒样增生及出血性损伤, 同时伴随黏膜损伤等典型炎症特征。与模型组相比, G-6b和G-Ⅱ-3a治疗组小鼠的结肠炎相关症状显著改善, 体质量下降趋势得到缓解(图2A), 疾病活动指数(disease activity index, DAI) 显著低于模型组(图2B), 结肠长度缩短受到抑制(图2C)。结果表明, 口服化合物G-6b、G-Ⅱ-3a可能有助于改善小鼠IBD的症状。
为了更深入比较不同糖基(单糖基与双糖基) 对酚类抗炎活性的影响, 选取与G-Ⅱ-3a和G-6b具有相同酚类母核的化合物——熊果苷(arbutin) 作为对照, 对比葡萄糖(单糖基) 与乳糖/半乳糖(双糖基) 的抗炎效果增强作用。同时还对G-Ⅱ-3a和G-6b设置了不同浓度梯度, 从而研究其药效关系, 并以美沙拉嗪(mesalazine) 为阳性药。实验结果表明, 与模型组相比, 化合物G-Ⅱ-3a和G-6b干预的小鼠, 其结肠长度较长(图3A), 组织病理学评分较低(图3B), 炎性细胞浸润程度轻, 隐窝结构完整, 显示出其对结肠炎的治疗作用。化合物G-Ⅱ-3a在25 mg·kg-1表现出最好的治疗效果, 病理分析显示, 其固有层肠腺数量丰富, 排列密集, 杯状细胞数量多(图3C)。而G-6b则呈现典型剂量依赖性, 其高剂量组疗效显著优于低剂量组。同时半乳糖和乳糖修饰的化合物G-Ⅱ-3a和G-6b活性优于带有葡萄糖残基的化合物熊果苷, 说明带有半乳糖和乳糖的分子抗结肠炎活性更强。
在筛选获得G-Ⅱ-3a和G-6b后, 进一步研究了这些化合物对由脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和NO的抑制活性。实验结果显示LPS明显促进炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α和NO释放, 而G-Ⅱ-3a和G-6b则明显抑制这些炎症因子释放, 并显示良好的剂量-效应关系(图4)。
本研究通过将酚类抗炎片段与乳糖和半乳糖连接构建了5个抗炎化合物, 并在DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型上进行了活性筛选和药效学研究。结果显示, 化合物G-Ⅱ-3a在25 mg·kg-1时即可显示出较好的治疗效果, 能够抑制小鼠体质量下降、降低DAI评分、缓解小鼠结肠缩短。病理分析显示, G-Ⅱ-3a能够维持结肠黏膜完整, 降低炎症细胞浸润。体外实验证实, G-Ⅱ-3a可显著降低由LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α及NO的释放。体内和体外实验证明了糖基化修饰显著改善了化合物的抗结肠炎效果。这一结果与糖基化可增强药物分子亲水性并可能利用肠道糖转运系统促进吸收的已知机制相符, 共同印证了糖基化策略在优化酚类化合物成药性方面的实用价值。同时具有相同酚类片段的半乳糖和乳糖酚类偶联物G-Ⅱ-3a和G-6b活性好于相应的葡糖苷衍生物熊果苷。以上研究表明, 相较于葡萄糖苷, 乳糖和半乳糖苷可能在抗结肠炎方面发挥更重要的作用, 但其详细的抗炎机制有待深入研究。综上, 化合物G-Ⅱ-3a展现出了较好的抗结肠炎活性, 可作为进一步药物开发的先导化合物。
实验部分
GF254硅胶板(1077301000, 默克化工技术上海有限公司); 200~300目硅胶粉(青岛美高集团有限公司); 旋转蒸发仪(N-1200, 东京理化器械株式会社); 分析天平(MX204/A, 梅特勒托利多国际有限公司); 数字熔点仪(WRS-3, 上海申光仪器仪表有限公司); 400 MHz核磁共振仪(Agilent DD2, 安捷伦科技有限公司); 质谱仪(Xevo G2 XS QTOF, 沃特世科技上海有限公司); 溴化苄、叠氮化钠, 氘代Chloroform-d、DMSO-d6、D2O (M0113399、RTC000068、E090003、E08002589、E090001, 上海安耐吉化学有限公司); 三氯乙腈、醋酸肼、乙酸酐(T819109、H811466、P815854, 上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司); 三氟化硼乙醚、碳酸氢钠、对苄氧基苯乙醇、乳糖、全乙酰半乳糖、钯碳、醋酸钠(B586985、S837271、B802008、L812331、D697856、768159、S817484, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 无水二氯甲烷、无水N, N-2-甲基甲酰胺、丙酮(04911800、014118126、014341743, 上海泰坦科技有限公司); 葡聚糖硫酸钠(0216011010, 维百奥生物科技)
6周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠, 购自济南朋悦生物科技股份有限公司, 动物质量合格证号: 370726240101640335, 许可证号: SCXK (鲁) 2022-0006。小鼠饲养于SPF级动物房。室内温度为25 ± 2 ℃, 12/12 h明暗循环。所有动物实验按照《中华人民共和国实验动物护理和使用条例》规定进行, 实验经中国海洋大学动物伦理专业委员会批准, 批准文号为OUC-SMP-2024-06-05。
将乳糖(10 g, 29.2 mmol) 溶于乙酸酐(100 mL) 中加热至120 ℃, 继续分批加入醋酸钠(2.5 g, 30.0 mmol), 加入完毕继续反应20 min, 直至原料完全消失, 将反应液冷却至室温, 倒入500 mL冰水中搅拌, 加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调pH至7.0。随后用二氯甲烷萃取, 保留有机相, 旋干得泡沫状固体。加入50 mL丙酮溶解, 继续加入10倍体积的二氯甲烷, 静置, 有晶体析出, 即为产物。得到白色固体13.5 g, 产率68%。氢谱与文献[15]报道一致。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 6.07 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.25~5.12 (m, 3H), 4.86 (dd, J = 10.4, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 4.84~4.75 (m, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.29~4.15 (m, 2H), 4.00 (ddt, J = 11.1, 7.9, 4.6 Hz, 3H), 3.96~3.84 (m, 2H), 2.15 (d, J = 20.7 Hz, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 2.05~2.01 (m, 3H), 1.98 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 9H), 1.94 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 3H), 1.87 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 3H)。
将化合物2 (3.0 g, 4.7 mmol) 溶于15 mL无水DMF中, 加入醋酸肼(649 mg, 7.05 mmol), 搅拌2 h直至原料完全消失, 向反应液中加入水停止反应, 二氯甲烷萃取, 保留有机相, 旋干得白色泡沫状固体即为化合物3。将化合物3 (500 mg, 0.8 mmol) 溶解在10 mL无水二氯甲烷中, 氮气保护, 冰浴下滴加三氯乙腈(0.45 mL, 4.5 mmol), 继续滴加DBU (0.6 mL, 0.4 mmol)。搅拌反应6 h, TLC监测反应, 原料消失停止反应。加水稀释, 二氯甲烷萃取。有机相用饱和氯化钠洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥。快速柱层析, 得黄色泡沫状固体2.0 g, 两步产率56%。氢谱与文献[16]报道一致。1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 6.47 (s, 1H), 5.58~5.50 (m, 1H), 5.34 (dd, J = 3.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (dd, J = 10.4, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (dd, J = 10.1, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (dd, J = 10.3, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.53~4.47 (m, 2H), 4.15~4.05 (m, 5H), 3.90~3.81 (m, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.05 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 6H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 3H)。
在氮气保护下, 将化合物4 (777.0 mg, 1.0 mmol) 溶解在10 mL无水二氯甲烷中, 加入对苄氧基苯乙醇(228.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), 冰浴降至零度, 滴加三氟化硼乙醚(0.1 mL, 0.8 mmol), 升至室温反应6 h, TLC监测反应, 原料消耗完毕, 停止反应, 加水稀释, 二氯甲烷萃取, 保留有机相, 饱和氯化钠洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥。快速柱层析, 得到白色泡沫状固体532 mg, 产率63%; mp: 156~158 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 7.45~7.40 (m, 2H), 7.40~7.33 (m, 2H), 7.33~7.27 (m, 1H), 7.12~7.04 (m, 2H), 6.90~6.85 (m, 2H), 5.34 (dd, J = 3.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.21~5.06 (m, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.94 (dd, J = 10.4, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (dd, J = 9.6, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.52~4.41 (m, 3H), 4.19~3.99 (m, 4H), 3.86 (ddd, J = 7.5, 6.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (dd, J = 9.9, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.66~3.53 (m, 2H), 2.80 (td, J = 6.9, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 2.13 (d, J = 13.9 Hz, 6H), 2.06~1.99 (m, 9H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 170.8, 170.4, 170.4, 170.1, 169.8, 169.6, 157.3, 137.8, 131.3, 130.4, 129.0, 128.3, 128.1, 115.0, 100.5, 99.5, 76.9, 72.9, 72.2, 71.6, 70.8, 70.4, 70.2, 69.6, 69.4, 67.6, 62.8, 61.3, 34.8, 21.2, 20.99, 20.95, 20.89, 20.84; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C41H50O19Na+ [M+Na]+: 869.284 4; found: 869.284 8。
在氮气保护下, 将化合物4 (194.3 mg, 0.25 mmol) 溶解在5 mL无水二氯甲烷中, 加入对苄氧基苯酚(100 mg, 0.5 mmol), 冰浴降至零度, 滴加三氟化硼乙醚(25 μL, 0.2 mmol), 添加完毕后升至室温反应6 h, TLC监测反应, 原料消耗完毕, 停止反应, 二氯甲烷和水萃取, 保留有机相, 饱和氯化钠洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥。快速柱层析, 得到白色泡沫状固体145.2 mg, 产率71%; mp: 171~172 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 7.45~7.29 (m, 5H), 6.93~6.85 (m, 4H), 5.35 (dd, J = 3.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (t, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 5.18~5.09 (m, 2H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 4.99~4.89 (m, 2H), 4.53~4.44 (m, 2H), 4.17~4.05 (m, 3H), 3.93~3.83 (m, 2H), 3.72 (ddd, J = 9.9, 5.6, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.08~2.03 (m, 15H), 1.97 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 170.9, 170.8, 170.4, 170.2, 170.1, 170.1, 170.1, 152.4, 152.2, 136.5, 128.6, 128.4, 128.2, 118.8, 116.5, 99.2, 97.1, 75.5, 71.6, 71.6, 71.3, 71.1, 70.5, 70.3, 67.6, 62.7, 61.6, 20.8, 20.7, 20.7; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C39H46O19Na+ [M+Na]+: 841.253 1; found: 841.253 5。
将化合物5a (1.5 g, 1.8 mmol) 加入50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入5 mol·L-1甲醇钠甲醇溶液(1.44 mL, 0.4 mmol) 搅拌2 h, TLC监测反应完全后, 加入阳离子交换树脂调pH至7.0, 硅藻土抽滤, 减压浓缩得白色固体。将上述白色固体加入到圆底烧瓶中, 加入15 mL甲醇溶解后加入10%钯碳(50 mg), 氢气置换3次, 反应2 h, TLC监测反应, 至原料消失停止反应。硅藻土过滤, 减压浓缩, 使用甲醇重结晶, 得到白色固体424.1 mg, 产率51%; mp: 174~176 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, D2O) δH: 7.09~7.00 (m, 2H), 6.74~6.66 (m, 2H), 4.29 (dd, J = 13.7, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (dt, J = 10.1, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.82~3.74 (m, 2H), 3.70 (dt, J = 10.2, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.65~3.62 (m, 1H), 3.62~3.52 (m, 3H), 3.52~3.44 (m, 3H), 3.42~3.34 (m, 2H), 3.18~3.08 (m, 1H), 2.72 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, D2O) δC: 153.9, 130.5, 130.4, 115.0, 103.0, 102.1, 78.4, 75.4, 74.8, 74.4, 73.3, 72.6, 71.1, 71.0, 68.6, 61.1, 60.1, 34.3; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C20H30O12Na+ [M+Na]+: 485.162 9, found: 485.163 8。
将化合物5b (1 g, 1.24 mmol) 加入50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入甲醇钠甲醇溶液(1 mL, 4.96 mmol) 搅拌2 h, TLC监测反应完全后, 加入阳离子交换树脂调pH至7.0, 硅藻土抽滤, 减压浓缩得白色固体。将上述白色固体加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入10 mL甲醇溶解后加入10%钯碳(50 mg), 氢气置换3次, 反应2 h, TLC监测反应, 至原料消失停止反应。反应液经硅藻土过滤、减压浓缩得白色固体312.1 mg, 产率58%; mp: 164~166 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, D2O) δH: 7.13~6.95 (m, 2H), 6.89~6.72 (m, 2H), 4.95 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.96~3.85 (m, 2H), 3.81~3.77 (m, 1H), 3.75~3.72 (m, 1H), 3.70 (dd, J = 5.8, 3.7 Hz, 3H), 3.61 (dd, J = 7.9, 6.3 Hz, 3H), 3.53 (ddd, J = 10.0, 7.7, 5.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, D2O) δC: 151.3, 150.4, 118.5, 116.3, 103.0, 101.2, 78.1, 75.4, 74.9, 74.3, 72.7, 72.6, 71.0, 68.6, 61.1, 60.0。HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C18H26O12Na+ [M+Na]+: 457.132 2; found: 457.131 7。
将化合物2 (4.6 g, 6.8 mmol) 加入到100 mL圆底烧瓶中, 随后加入无水二氯甲烷(20 mL) 溶解, 再加入溴乙醇(1.7 g, 13.6 mmol), 氮气置换3次, 滴加三氟化硼乙醚(3.4 mL, 27.2 mmol), 搅拌6 h。TLC监测反应结束后, 加饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭, 加水稀释, 二氯甲烷萃取, 保留有机相, 饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 减压浓缩得淡黄色油状液体, 经柱层析纯化得3.6 g白色泡沫状固体, 产率72%。氢谱与文献[17]报道一致。1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 5.33 (dd, J = 3.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.25~5.14 (m, 1H), 5.09 (dd, J = 10.4, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.97~4.85 (m, 2H), 4.55~4.42 (m, 3H), 4.16~4.01 (m, 4H), 3.89~3.81 (m, 1H), 3.81~3.73 (m, 2H), 3.60 (ddd, J = 9.9, 5.1, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.51~3.37 (m, 2H), 2.12 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 6H), 2.09~1.96 (m, 12H), 1.95 (s, 3H)。
将3′, 4′, 5, 5′, 7-五苄基杨梅素(107.5 g, 0.14 mmol) 和化合物7 (100 mg, 0.14 mmol) 加入到100 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入DMF (15 mL) 溶解, 继续加入四丁基溴化铵(45 mg, 0.14 mmol) 和碳酸钾水溶液(0.25 mmol·L-1, 0.6 mL), 加热至85 ℃搅拌6 h, TLC监测反应, 原料完全消失后停止反应, 加水稀释, 乙酸乙酯萃取, 保留有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥。减压浓缩得黄色液体, 经柱层析得132 mg黄色固体, 产率66%; mp: 154~156 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 7.60~7.53 (m, 2H), 7.51~7.47 (m, 4H), 7.46~7.27 (m, 21H), 6.49 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (dd, J = 3.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 5.20 (s, 4H), 5.15 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 2H), 5.09 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 5.04 (dd, J = 10.4, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (dd, J = 10.4, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (dd, J = 9.6, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.37~4.28 (m, 2H), 4.22 (ddd, J = 10.2, 5.9, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.14~3.93 (m, 5H), 3.81 (ddd, J = 10.4, 5.8, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 3.70~3.62 (m, 1H), 3.54~3.43 (m, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.97 (dd, J = 13.2, 7.6 Hz, 12H), 1.89 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 172.8, 163.3, 159.7, 158.6, 152.6, 151.8, 140.5, 139.6, 138.0, 137.4, 137.3, 136.5, 129.1, 129.0, 129.0, 128.8, 128.7, 128.5, 128.3, 128.1, 127.4, 126.1, 109.4, 107.9, 104.4, 103.4, 98.3, 94.8, 81.4, 76.0, 75.5, 74.9, 73.8, 73.6, 71.4, 71.0, 70.7, 70.5, 68.8, 68.6, 61.1, 60.8; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C78H78O26Na+ [M+Na]+ 1 453.467 9; found: 1 453.468 5。
将化合物8 (1.4 g, 1.0 mmol) 加入50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入10 mL甲醇、甲醇钠甲醇溶液(5 mol·L-1, 4 mL) 搅拌2 h, TLC监测反应完全后, 加入阳离子交换树脂调pH至7.0, 反应液经硅藻土过滤, 减压浓缩得黄色固体。将黄色固体加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 使用10 mL甲醇溶解, 加入10%钯碳(50 mg), 氢气置换3次, 反应2 h, 监测反应, 至原料消失停止反应。硅藻土过滤、减压浓缩, 使用甲醇重结晶, 得黄色固体384.2 mg, 两步产率56%; mp: 137~138 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4) δH: 7.31 (s, 2H), 6.38 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (dd, J = 13.2, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 4.15~4.09 (m, 3H), 3.88 (dd, J = 10.6, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 3.84~3.79 (m, 2H), 3.78~3.74 (m, 1H), 3.69 (dd, J = 11.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.60~3.53 (m, 4H), 3.47 (dd, J = 9.8, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (q, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 178.3, 164.8, 161.8, 156.8, 156.2, 146.3, 137.5, 137.3, 120.2, 108.3, 104.6, 104.4, 103.0, 99.1, 94.0, 81.3, 76.1, 75.4, 75.3, 73.8, 71.3, 71.1, 68.7, 68.3, 61.0, 56.6, 40.6, 40.4, 40.2, 40.0, 39.8, 39.6, 39.4, 19.1; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C29H34O19Na+ [M+Na]+ 709.159 2; found: 709.158 3。
将化合物7 (743 mg, 1.0 mmol) 加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入无水DMF (10 mL), 再加入叠氮化钠(65 mg, 1.0 mmol) 和碳酸钾(138 mg, 1.0 mmol)。加热至85 ℃反应2 h。TLC监测反应, 化合物7完全消耗完毕后停止反应, 降至室温, 乙酸乙酯和水萃取, 保留有机相, 饱和氯化钠洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥。减压浓缩得到灰色固体, 经柱层析得到白色固体。将白色固体溶于10 mL甲醇中, 加入钯碳(20 mg), 将反应体系充满氢气搅拌2 h, TLC监测反应, 原料完全消失停止反应, 反应液经硅藻土过滤, 减压浓缩得白色固体590.7 mg, 产率81%。氢谱与文献[18]报道一致。1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 5.33 (dd, J = 3.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.25~5.14 (m, 1H), 5.09 (dd, J = 10.4, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.97~4.85 (m, 2H), 4.55~4.42 (m, 3H), 4.16~4.01 (m, 4H), 3.89~3.81 (m, 1H), 3.81~3.73 (m, 2H), 3.60 (ddd, J = 9.9, 5.1, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.51~3.37 (m, 2H), 2.12 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 6H), 2.09~1.96 (m, 12H), 1.95 (s, 3H)。
将4-(苄氧基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸(0.95 g, 3.3 mmol) 加入到100 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入二氯甲烷(15 mL) 溶解, 继续加入HOBt (0.67 g, 4.95 mmol) 和EDCI (0.95 g, 4.95 mmol) 搅拌至澄清, 再加入化合物11 (2.2 g, 3.3 mmol) 搅拌6 h, TLC监测至原料完全消失停止反应, 二氯甲烷和水萃取, 保留有机相, 饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 经柱层析得到白色固体1.9 g, 产率60%; mp: 161~163 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 7.49~7.41 (m, 2H), 7.35~7.27 (m, 3H), 7.02 (s, 2H), 5.34 (dd, J = 3.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (dd, J = 9.7, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (dd, J = 10.4, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.95 (dd, J = 10.4, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (dd, J = 9.7, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.52~4.43 (m, 3H), 4.18~4.01 (m, 3H), 3.94 (dd, J = 9.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 6H), 3.77~3.68 (m, 4H), 3.63~3.47 (m, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.09~2.02 (m, 12H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.84 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 170.89, 170.77, 170.56, 170.37, 170.13, 170.11, 170.08, 167.99, 152.34, 139.44, 134.90, 128.87, 128.54, 128.23, 105.07, 99.15, 98.13, 74.90, 74.01, 72.74, 71.60, 71.32, 71.11, 70.96, 67.61, 66.47, 63.05, 61.62, 56.22, 40.56, 20.80, 20.71, 20.65; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C44H55NO22Na+ [M+Na]+ 972.311 4; found: 972.311 9。
将化合物12 (1 g, 1.1 mmol) 加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入50 mL甲醇溶解, 再加入甲醇钠甲醇溶液(5 mol·L-1, 4 mL) 搅拌2 h, TLC监测反应完全后, 加入阳离子交换树脂调pH至7.0, 过滤除去树脂, 减压浓缩得到白色固体。将白色固体加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入甲醇(10 mL)、钯碳(50 mg), 氢气置换3次, 反应2 h, 监测反应, 至原料消失停止反应。硅藻土过滤、减压浓缩得到白色固体329.4 mg, 产率53%; mp: 154~155 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, methanol-d4) δH: 7.16 (s, 2H), 4.33 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.07~3.97 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 6H), 3.86~3.63 (m, 8H), 3.58~3.46 (m, 6H), 3.43~3.37 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 166.6, 147.9, 139.0, 124.7, 105.5, 104.4, 103.4, 81.2, 76.1, 75.4, 73.8, 71.1, 68.7, 68.5, 61.0, 56.6, 40.7, 40.5, 40.2, 40.0, 39.8, 39.6, 39.4; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C22H32NO15Na+ [M+Na]+ 588.190 5; found: 588.190 0。
将化合物全乙酰半乳糖(1 g, 2.6 mmol) 和对甲氧基苯酚(610 mg, 3.1 mmol) 放入50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入10 mL二氯甲烷溶解, 氮气保护, 冰浴下继续加入三氟化硼乙醚(5 mL, 3.9 mmol), 搅拌6 h, TLC监测反应, 反应结束后加碳酸氢钠饱和溶液调pH至7.0, 二氯甲烷和水萃取, 保留有机相, 饱和食盐水洗涤, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 得白色泡沫状固体950.8 mg, 产率69%; mp: 143~145 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, chloroform-d) δH: 7.42~7.29 (m, 5H), 6.96~6.91 (m, 2H), 6.90~6.84 (m, 2H), 5.55~5.40 (m, 2H), 5.07 (dd, J = 10.5, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.91 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (dd, J = 11.3, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (dd, J = 11.3, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 170.9, 170.2, 170.1, 152.4, 152.2, 136.5, 128.6, 128.4, 128.2, 118.8, 116.5, 99.0, 71.4, 70.3, 70.1, 70.1, 68.0, 61.7, 20.8, 20.7, 20.7; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C27H30O11Na+ [M+Na]+ 553.168 6, found: 553.169 0。
将化合物Ⅱ-2 (1 g, 1.9 mmol) 加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入10 mL甲醇溶解, 加入甲醇钠甲醇溶液(1 mL, 5 mol·L-1) 搅拌2 h, TLC监测反应至原料完全反应。加入阳离子交换树脂, 调pH至7.0, 过滤除去树脂, 减压浓缩即得白色固体。将白色固体加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入甲醇(10 mL)、钯碳(50 mg), 氢气置换3次, 反应2 h, 监测反应, 至原料消失停止反应。硅藻土过滤、减压浓缩得到289.4 mg白色固体, 产率56%; mp: 140~141 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, D2O) δH: 6.96~6.85 (m, 2H), 6.71 (dq, J = 8.2, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 4.76 (dd, J = 7.1, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.66~3.57 (m, 5H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 152.7, 151.0, 118.3, 116.0, 102.9, 75.9, 73.8, 70.9, 68.7, 60.9, 40.7, 40.7, 40.5, 40.4, 40.3, 40.2, 40.0, 39.8, 39.6, 39.4; HRMS (ESI) m/z Calcd. for C12H16O7Na+ [M+Na]+ 295.079 4, found: 295.080 0。
在动物实验1中, 共使用70只小鼠, 随机分为7组(n = 10), 包括空白对照组、模型组及G-6a、G-6b、G-9、G-13和G-Ⅱ-3a 5个化合物干预组。除空白组饮用普通水外, 其余各组均自由摄取质量浓度为2.0 g·L-1的DSS水溶液。各干预组每日通过灌胃方式给予相应化合物(剂量为50 mg·kg-1), 空白组及模型组则灌胃等体积纯水。自实验启动日起, 每两日称量一次小鼠体重, 并于第15天处死动物。实验期间, 每日记录小鼠体重变化、粪便性状及便血情况, 据此计算DAI评分。
在动物实验2中, 选取80只小鼠, 随机分为8组(n = 10), 分别为空白组、模型组、Arbutin组、G-Ⅱ-3a组(25、50 mg·kg-1)、G-6b组(25、50 mg·kg-1), 并以美沙拉嗪组为阳性药物对照。除空白组外, 小鼠每日饮水给予质量浓度2.0 g·L-1 DSS水溶液。自实验第1天起给药, 每隔两天称1次体质量, 第15天处死。实验过程中, 每日记录小鼠体质量变化、粪便性状和便血情况, 计算DAI评分。处死后测量结肠长度, 取近端结肠组织进行H&E染色, 评估组织病理学损伤程度。
在脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型中评估药物的抗炎作用。细胞接种于96孔板, 培养12 h后, 将细胞分为空白对照组(仅加入等体积DMEM完全培养基)、模型组(加入1 µg·mL-1 LPS, 无药物干预) 和给药组(加入1 µg·mL-1 LPS进行炎症诱导, 同时分别加入浓度为0.1、0.5、2.5 µmol·L-1的G-Ⅱ-3a或G-6b)。处理结束后收集上清, 采用ELISA方法测定上清中IL-6和TNF-α的浓度。通过Griess法检测NO生成水平。所有实验均独立重复3次。
使用GraphPad Prism 9软件进行数据分析, 计量资料以均数±标准差($ \overline{x} $ ± s) 表示, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)。当P < 0.05时, 差异被认为具有统计学意义。

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2026年第61卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-1010
  • 接收时间:2025-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-27
  • 修回日期:2025-10-09
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    1哈励逊国际和平医院肝胆胰外科, 河北 衡水 053000
    2中国海洋大学医药学院, 海洋药物教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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